We are Reforesting the Ocean - here's how
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- Опубликовано: 1 июн 2024
- We thought it was about time to scale up our marine rewilding efforts which is why we have decided to build our very own kelp factory! Together with Seaforester and IPL we are embarking on a journey to build a kelp nursery and test an innovative restoration technique at scale.
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⏱️TIMESTAMPS⏱️
0:00 intro
1:42 Why bring back kelp?
2:02 Kelp distribution and decline
2:51 Restoration trial results
3:50 Green gravel technique
5:07 Starting a bigger experiment
🔎 ABOUT THIS PROJECT
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Since 2020 we have been working with SeaForester to restore kelp forests in Portugal. These underwater forests are astonishing havens for marine life which also improve water quality and sequester carbon. Unfortunately, large areas of kelp have disappeared from the coast of Portugal but reverting this trend has been difficult. One of the challenges is that restoration efforts tend to require extensive diving which quickly becomes costly and time-consuming. A new technique called “green gravel” has been developed to address this challenge and make large scale marine reforestation possible. It involves growing kelp attached to pebbles in a lab before deploying them at suitable locations in the ocean. For this project, we are building a kelp nursery that will allow us to test this method on a larger scale.
➡️ Read all about this project here:
mossy.earth/projects/rewildin...
🎥 Kelp videos provided by:
Alvaro Gallego
João Nuno Franco
Jan Verbeek
Inês Louro
📚 Citations List:
de Visser S., Thébault E., de Ruiter P.C.,2012. Ecosystem Engineers, Keystone Species. In: Meyers R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-08...
Araújo, R.M., Assis, J., Aguillar, R. et al., 2016. Status, trends and drivers of kelp forests in Europe: an expert assessment. Biodiversity Conservation,25, doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-11...
Fredriksen, S., Filbee-Dexter, K., Norderhaug, K.M. et al.,2020. Green gravel: a novel restoration tool to combat kelp forest decline. Sci Rep 10, 3983. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60...
Eger, A. M., Layton, C., McHugh, T. A, Gleason, M., and Eddy, N.,2022. Kelp Restoration Guidebook: Lessons Learned from Kelp Projects Around the World. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, USA. www.scienceforconservation.or...
Teagle, H., Hawkins, S., Moore, P. and Smale, D., 2017. The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 492, pp.81-98. doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017....
Off the Canadian coast, sea otters are finally starting to come back since the kelp is growing well again!
We have made a video that talks about that wonderful species and a few others that got really close to extinction. If you are curious: ruclips.net/video/XhoPk7wepsc/видео.html
Otters are important. As you no doubt know, otters eat critters that eat kelp.
California is seeing more sea otters too!
This is an awesome project, I would love to see the “seagrass plains” in the baltic sea get a similar treatment, as those are almost extinct and are vital for many species and to prevent land erosion.
Seagrasses are so important and finally getting more attention. Hope to see them recover around the world too. Cheers, Tiago
Same here in Long Island Sound.
yeah. a lot of the baltic is completely dead. it needs help
Look into project seagrass at Swansea university
@@MossyEarth I saw kelp in minecraft
There's another advantage to this project that you didn't talk about, related to the increased toxicity of farms and a decrease on our food quality.
My mother-in-law lives in Carreço, in the north of Potugal, just outside Viana do Castelo. Until the late 80's all the way from Leça do Balio to Caminha people used to fertilize the fields with kelp that washed ashore. it was collected with rudimentary tools, and transported by ox carts to the fields, after being dried in open areas next to the beach.
Kelp was so important for the local economy and for the substenance of the households, that fermers in Carreço would wake up as early as 4 am to get the best batches from the beach and there was even a foreman appointed by the local municipality to oversee the activity, set the collection times according to the tides and keep people from taking other people's batches.
According to locals, by the end of the 70's and early 80's the quantity of kelp that washed ashore started declining, and the whole enterprise became harder and least advantageous for the farmers. Artificial fertilizer became cheaper and more widespread, and with the growth of the city population, the production of milk became more intensive, with a paralel product being more abundant: cow menure.
The use of kelp was optimal for traditional crop species, and to replaced those, GMO qualities of corn and wheat were introduced, requiring specially 'designed' fertilizers to optimize fast grouth and optimal crops.
As you see, the end of abundance of kelp reflected not only in the marine environment, but in our very meals, and in the increased toxicity of the fields and the decrease of the original or tradicional crop varieties.
Great work, folks, and press on because we need a lot more of that to revive and recover the lost biodiversity on this planet.
This is such an important part of the story! We will be sure to feature this in an upcoming video. - Muito obrigado, Duarte
@@MossyEarth How deep in the ocean can kelp be grown. Is it possible to have kelp forests all over the oceans or are most of them close to shore.
I am currently studying Biology in germany and before finding your channel I wasn't sure which direction I wanted to take in the future. After seeing your amazing work of rewilding and reforestation I finally found what I want to do once I'm done with my studies
Reading this made me so happy! I find it very exciting that the content we put out there is inspiring people. Good luck with the next steps, there is a lot of amazing work to be done out there. Cheers, Tiago
inspiring
You can become a kelpologist !
👊🏿
Feels surreal to see all of this come together. Very grateful to everyone who has made it possible. From our partners to mossy earth members and businesses supporting the project 🤗.Can't wait to see all the baby kelp parachuting to the ocean floor!
Really excited to produce and deploy this first batch! Well done Tiago on getting this project on its feet from the Mossy Earth side 💪. That was a lot of hours buiding kelp modules :)
This is incredibly inspiring work. You're giving an old guy hope for his kids here.
What an inspiring video! Great work 👏 We are undertaking similar projects in Port Phillip Bay in Australia, with the reintroduction of seeded shellfish beds that were destroyed by dredging. On last report, the fields have begun to reproduce by themselves and have covered the equivalent of six football stadiums. Now Tasmanian marine biologists have isolated strains of kelp that can withstand higher water temperatures to help bring back these important habitats. Exciting times.
By catching and the fishing industry is supported by their customers.
@@OnesFan1 agreed. Both fishermen.and customers receive the benefit of the Ocean without the taxing of the ecosystem. 👍
when i was growing up. my dad took me along the coast to go fishing for some rock fishes and they were everywhere around a kelp forest. A few years later that kelp forest is completely gone in southern california. this kelp forest was huge. the kelp was so tall that u couldn't even see the bottom. so its nice to see the marine re forestation
Thank you for sharing your story, amazing but also sad that you have had a first hand experience like that. Our forests are smaller than the giant ones you get there but still very important. Thanks for the support! Cheers, Tiago
Having spent half my life in the ocean, I am so happy to see Mossy Earth scale up its marine rewilding! Great video Duarte and Tom!
... and Tiago worked on it too! I am really excited about this one :) - Cheers, Duarte
This channel Should have more subscribers than any youtube channel. It's the Purpose of the channel I mean WOW. Please share this as much as you can.
Thank you Atson! That means a lot to me and the rest of the team :) - Cheers, Duarte
I'm glad you updated us on a previous rewilding experiment with the details of how it went and that a different trial produced the results that you're looking for and so you're changing to that other method.
Shows both the dedication as well as the trial and error aspects of the whole thing. Also nicely shows the learning process of better methods and better conservation overall.
Really happy that you picked up on that! I believe that trying new things and being transparent about the process is crucial for the advancement of conservation and the restoration of ecosystems as a whole. Thank you for taking the time to share your thoughts. Cheers, Tiago
Brilliant idea! I wish I had a couple of millions to throw your way, because this is the kind of stuff that really will make a difference to the wildlife, and the overall cleanliness of the eco-system.
Thank tou Erik! It is very kind of you to say that. I know it motivates me and the team a lot :) - Cheers, Duarte
Great work, something to consider is that trawling (for fish) destroys the sea bottom (where kelp may live) in the amount of 1 Billion + hectares a year. So this is great work from your side but slowing down the trawling or limiting it in certain areas could also be a great thing for the planet. Keep up the good work
I feel like that’s one huge reason we are missing ocean plant life. I’m surprised this hasn’t be outlawed in the ocean waters globally as it does so much damage to the ocean floors.
Not only is it destroying the kelp forests, it's destroying all the fish nurseries, which means there are fewer fish every year. It's been a huge fight, because fishermen refuse to believe that they are causing damage. At the same time it's necessary to find jobs for the fishermen while the restrictions are in place. A whole way of life is under attack, but it is crucial to restore the bottom of the sea floor.
Prevention is superior to restoration but both are crucial to maintain our diverse eco-systems
It was great being in the lab for part of this project and such a cool collaborative effort for what hopefully keeps scaling year on year!
I know this one has a special place in your heart Tim. It was a nice but hectic day. Next time fit in some surfing! Cheers, Tiago
I hate all the rubbish and plastic in the ocean.
And I find it nice that you help to clean the water again
I know in a lot of areas they are 'planting' oysters, to help filter and clean the water naturally. I think they help with erosion during storms too, I'm not sure about that, but I think they do help with tidal surges and water movement.
As a Surfer I’m so happy that the ocean is getting some love as well!! ❤️
Thank you Tom! As a surfer I couldn't agree more :) - Cheers, Duarte
Is Duarte wearing the wetsuit I gave you? :)
Not a surfer, but a tide-pool appreciator. How does kelp impact your surfing experience?
@@HansLemurson I think the OP was just happy people are helping the ocean, and was probably saying as a surfer he likes the ocean.
I do appreciate how much you emphasized that this is a work in progress, a trial meant to be proof of concept. So many people want instant gratification, and want results now or expect everything that doesn't work on the first try to be a failure. Keep up the progress!
I would love to see this flourish in the Oregon coast regions. Like they once did back in the day.
Not forgetting how things were and could be is important, avoiding shifting baseline syndrome! Cheers, Tiago
Yeah there's almost no seaweed on the beaches anymore,, I miss it
Kelp are worth it for many reasons, but the most important is their role in making Japanese dashi which is crucial for so many amazing dishes. MORE KELP!
This video is full of limitations, not empty rainbow promises. I love it.
This channel is so underrated. Ty for sharing all the amazing work you guys are doing. It's so hopeful, inspiring, and beautiful. Idk how many viewers know how valuable and impact full your work is vs ...reducing plastics or reducing unsustainable holiday decorations or transitioning into using metal straws (good things to do but the work makes the person feel good about making a good choice but the work in this Channel is essential and we as consumers have to do a lot more than making a few green choices).
Well done Tiago for getting this project off the ground! 👏
Aren't you the same guy who made this video?🧐
@@Lone-Lee Yep! Gotta leave a comment for the algo and appreciating Tiago's effort :)
this is why i never lose hope in humanity. keep it on fellas. much love from Germany.
Maybe if the world stops politicizing climate change and starts developing and funding these kinds of projects we could make an impact. As stated in this video high carbon emmisions isn't the sole problem, destroying forests and reefs ampifies it. Because there is no way for the flora to thrive off it. Biodiversity isn't something to be weary about, just something that needs to be adressed. Great work mossy earth, you earned your cause a new follower and potentially a new donator!
I love watching these videos. I look forward to watching humanity become more environmentally aware.
I wish to be an active on site member of the Mossy Earth community in the Future, In Sha Allah! After I've finished my studies. I hope to contribute my absolute best for making our litttle rocky moss ball in space more heavenly.
Thats so important , to repair Nature , oceans and Earth 🌏🌍🌎🌏🌍🌎🌍. MUCH RESPECT ! ⭐️⭐️⭐️
Its amazing to see how your projects grow exponensially in impact and inovation
Thank you Joaquim, great to have you be part of the ride! Cheers, Tiago
i love stuff like this, new projects to give back something to our eco system, instead of just taking everything from it what we possibly can
Humans could be the best Ecosystem engineers... This project proofs it...
Some people say humanity is like a disease for the planet, but the truth is that we could make earth even better than it was before humans existed. I'd like to think that this is the reason intelligence was "given" to us
I would love to see how the kelp develops, especially when the circumstances are not actually ideal as you described in the beginning. I assume that you are trying to kickstart a positive feedback loop. If yes it would be interesting to hear more about it, even if it‘s just an experiment. You are probably even more excited to get deeper insights into the processes going on there👌🏼
Absolutely love these videos and being a member of Mossy Earth. You guys warm my heart and help show that there are still plenty of good people fighting for this planet
None of it would be possible without you. We are so grateful for your support and comments like this motivate us to keep going! Cheers, Tiago
Love to see this project finally get of the ground! Excited to see how much we'll be able to scale it! Well done Tiago 🙌
I'm also really excited to see how this project evolves! - Cheers, Duarte
I'm happy this channel is taking off what you doing is amazing and making the biodiversity of this planet better
This is amazing! Everyone like and comment so this hits the youtube algorithm
Amazing work Mossy Earth! Can’t wait to see the future of this project and marine rewilding in general! 🌿
Thank you Rob! Really curious what we can do in terms of UK Marine Rewilding 🔎 - Cheers, Duarte
@@MossyEarth The kelp was grown in a Sterilised environment it might not work in open ocean
i appreciate the clarity on display here
Thank you :) That means a lot to us! - Cheers, Duarte
That's good to hear. You're literally helping to save our Planet. I Salute you.
Fascinating.
OMG you are literally a life saver. Earth needs more people like this.
Super excited that this project is getting going and its potential! Love that we're covering a bunch of different ecosystems to get best return for the input. Great video as well, really well explained.
THAT IS AWESOME !!
Green gravel … what Great idea !!
Im looking forward to more kelp :)
Update are very welcome ❤️☺️👍
It is such an ingenious technique! We have some nice Norwegians to thank for inventing it and Seaforester for perfecting its application. - Cheers, Duarte
Mossy Earth can you start rewinding the forest🌳 of the county of Yorkshire, England 🏴. Please 🙏
Exciting stuff! Let's ramp it up and get to the millions!! ❤
First the experiment... but if it works then lets go! :) - Cheers, Duarte
ive been kayaking around the west coast of canada for the last 15 years, and the waters are only just starting to recover from the sea star plague (the cause of the urchin abundance, which is the cause of the kelp forests shrinking). in the past, it was common to see an abundance of species of star fish in every crevice of rock, whereas now there are only a few here and there. kelp forests covered huge swaths of deep shoreline, and it wasnt uncommon to see rafts of hundreds of otters. due to nature taking its course and the efforts of indigenous communities along the coast, the forests are starting to come back, and with them has come so much biodiversity, although we are a long way off from how it used to be.
Wow, cool video Duarte! And of course incredible idea of marine rewilding. Kelp forests are so important and beautiful. Keep on running this project. I am curios to see the results after some time.
Hey Dima, thank you for the kind words! I am really excited to see how this project scales and progresses over time. Especially how a kelp forest will look after a few years :) Also, apologies for the slow time getting a call booked in! As you can see, I got myself to Portugal (by train...) and things got busy! Lets connect soon. - Cheers, Duarte
Great explanations, good information, broad, but specific with widespread contributions.
Amazing! I study Marine Antartic Science at UTAS Tasmania. The kelp forests in the temperate oceans of Australia are suffering a decline in population due to climate change, algae and urchin barrens. I hope to one day contribute to repopulating the kelp forests of Australia and possibly, globally.
Hallelujah!!! You found the answer!!!
West coast of North America is seeing huge improvements in kelp forests by the return and increasing populations of sea otters. They are a keystone species that were hunted until almost extinct. (They were actually thought completely extinct at one point.) Now they are back and spreading quickly as they are no longer legally hunted.
I eat kelp salad while watching this video, how amazing is that!
Thank God ! A great part of the people know this is a very important thing to do. Green green green ! Only new bushes, plants , herbs , forests , clean oceans.
can save the Nature/ can save life on Earth. 🌴🌳🌵🌿🌱🪴🌴🌳🌵🌿
Around Japan, the sea urchins are moving north and eating up the seaweed up and turning the area bare bc the sea water is warmer than it used to be.
Excellent work... Please save mother nature.....
So cool to see you working in Portugal!
Its the country where they have the most projects
This project is great, I would love to see similar efforts to restore seagrass plains in the Baltic Sea. These areas are crucial for many species and play an important role in preventing land erosion. Unfortunately, they are almost extinct and need immediate attention.
"Sea-weed", I eat. It's quite nice. Lot of health benefits from it. It's also useful as something to burn if you need a fire, while camping close to ocean 🙂
With at least 30 different types of kelp, I assume that the most appropriate variety is chosen in each location - giant kelp grows 2 ft per day in the right conditions for example!
Sea urchins usually destroy kelp forests, so either breed more sea otters to eat them, or make them more popular for humans to eat, less sea urchins will make it easier for kelp forests to grow
criminally underrated channel!
I aint skipping ads for you guys!
Wow great work, you all are amazing and so inspiring. Rewilding with you from the Pacific Northwest USA
I'm worried that if there is a large enough storm or swell that it will move the rocks and kill the kelp. I know that in time the anchors will grow down and attach the rocks to the sea bottom but I just wonder if there might be some thing that could be anchored for a more permanent solution. I immediately think about loops of concrete like cinder blocks or hollow bricks and being able to stake them down or slide them onto a rope that is anchored on both sides.
The factory will consistently send more and more kelp where it lacks, so eventually it will grow
Depending on the location and depth this may or not be an issue. The advantage of being able to scale things up now is that we can start perfecting the method and testing different creative solutions as you are describing. I know tests have been done with ropes of some sort as well. Thanks for the thoughtful comment, it's great to find people who are as interested in this as we are! Cheers, Tiago
Hey there, happy to see that the sea is getting some love too =) Though it would be nice if you included more information on the reason for the decline in the first place, as well as what making a habitat for more species actually helps with. Unsure bringing tourism is one of the benefits though. Some habitats are meant to house specific type of species and nature has a way of moderating this. It would be nice to also understand to what extent us helping kelp grow may have an unintended knock-on effect?
There isn't much information on that
Thank you for the thoughtful comment! The reasons for the decline are complex and poorly understood, perhaps we can go in more detail in a future video. From my perspective a restored ecosystem is valuable in and of itself but these forests also provide many ecosystem services to humans (water quality improvements, fisheries, carbon sequestration). Perhaps not large scale tourism but divers do enjoy kelp forests and the marine life they harbour. Many of these areas have been degraded by a range of human induced stressors but kelp is unlikely to return without a helping hand so that's what we are trying to do. Hope this makes sense. Cheers, Tiago
A kelp factory, I love it ! That lab was too cool, with all those critters swimming around !
Thanks!
Thank you Leslie :D - Cheers, Duarte
I’m glad to see an update even though the first test didn’t work. Would it help if someone in Spain or Portugal tried kelp farming as a backup to restoration?
Vim aqui parar através de pesquisa para um projeto no jardim-de-Infância. Fico muito feliz com o vosso contributo, obrigada!!!
Amazing.
Another way to increase the amount of ocean forest and underwater Meadows is to build submerged islands from dirt excavated from mountains.
Excavating the dirt in a format that allows *atmospheric rivers* further inland would also improve the rain cycle.
finally became a member thanks for all you do
Yoehoe :) ! Welcome ❤️ Really happy to have you onboard. - Cheers, Duarte
Im a data engineer student and this topic of rewilding oceans and land just appasionates me. I wish I could help with the knowledge that Im acquiring on my degree and apply it in this topic!
My whole youth was at the Portuguese coastline. I used to snorkel from Peniche to Nazare. All these reported changes are happening so fast!
Thanks sor saving us and our mother earth
Kelp is essential in ocean ecosystems
Keep up your awesome work guys
We agree :) Thanks for your encouragement!
@@MossyEarth you have inspired me to write an essay on the importance of marine forests, thank you
Brilliant work all round, always exciting to see a new idea put into action!
Cheers Tom :)
I had no idea a project like this existed in Lisbon! So cool
Duarte, I am loving this channel. Its so encouraging, the education that Mossy Earth is providing us along with the efforts.
We need you to review & discuss the reforestation that is taking place in Pakistan's KPK province. The govt of PTI (not in power at the moment), set a new goal of planting 10 billion trees after their previous success of planting a billion trees.
I'm stoked to have been part of making this possible with the Climate hero project, working with hundreds of UK travel businesses. Awesome video guys, what an exciting journey that is only just getting started! Here's to many more rewilding projects together. The first-ever call I had with Tiago (in the video) seems so long ago when we first talked about partnering together, and since then you guys have worked so hard to get here. Hats off to you all!
I am so grateful for your support Rebbecca! You were here with us from the early days and put in a lot of hard work to make this possible. I also remember that call and it's amazing to think how far we have come. Very excited with where we are headed. Cheers, Tiago
Wow, great work, guys! And this video on green gravel is really well made.
Amazing work Mossy Earth!
you and everyone you work with are doing gods work, keep it up please we need more projects like this
Looks like there are a lot of smart people behind this project - I am sure it will be a success!
Very good portuguese pronunciation! And wonderful projects. Congratulations and thank you!
Maybe because I am Portuguese :D (half Portuguese half Dutch). Cheers, Duarte
@@MossyEarth So cool! Mais interessante ainda agora que sei disso meu amigo! Obrigado pelo trabalho e saudações do Rio de Janeiro!
This is amazing to see!
Great job. God Bless all of you.
Your work is amazing!
Inspiring stuff. Wish I knew how go get into this field. Probably the only thing thats truly interesting and fun. And helpful.
Well done Mossy earth.. what an awesome initiative. Kelp is the key 💗🗝️
This is exciting and inspiring! I can’t wait to follow and see the updates as you learn more about the restoration process. I’d love to learn more about the other factors you discussed, especially the change in predator and herbivore dynamics of the region
Best of luck!
Thank you, it's great to share the excitement! There is a lot to unpack here about the decline and restoration of kelp. Perhaps we could go in more detail in another video. Thanks for sharing your thoughts, Tiago
Beautiful. Much respect ! ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
This is so great. Really glad to see you succeeding
You should make a video about your project in Ireland to
This is great! I hope the biodiversity of the planted kelp is sufficient.
I noticed this week at the beach there was more kelp and more fish in the water. The water was so much clearer
This is incredible... thank you!
Another important role of kelp forests is as natural chemical filters/consumers. In the aquarium hobby, an important factor of whether fish live or die is how clean the tank is, that includes chemically. Fish poop/urine, leftover food, and rotting materials release chemicals (nitrites, ammonia, nitrogen, urea) that plant life consumes, or that aquarists have to remove via water changes. Only the most heavily planted aquariums might not need water changes, as a balanced ecosystem can be established where enough plants consume the produced waste.
In the ocean, there is no drain to do a water change. Currents don’t remove these chemicals they just push them around and evaporation/rain leaves these chemicals behind in the ocean as well. Meaning the ocean relies on plant life to keep these levels in check. The faster a plant species grows (like kelp) the faster it consumes these chemicals. Therefore, not only are kelp forests great at filtering/consuming these chemicals, but given their size and speed, they might even be the BEST consumers of them the ocean has.
These chemicals can be/are toxic to corals/reefs, fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and many aquatic mammals (like dolphins). Farmland fertilizer runoff also makes its way down rivers to the oceans and adds to these chemicals buildups.
Outstanding! Thank you!
I enjoyed presentation! And learned much!
You probably know this already but I was wondering if you were going to get a few different species of kelp to keep it from being a mono culture and having biodiversity?
Hi Dusk! In this region we can work with Saccorhiza polyschides or Laminaria ochroleuca. We will let you know more about the types of kelp and the deployment process in the next video! :) - Cheers, Duarte
I wish I could do more than donate and worry about my own impact but i have no resources or network. I get really inspired seeing things like this because actions like these save the world
Ótimo trabalho!
Looking forward to following the updates on this one, exciting stuff.
Fabulous wonderful project thank you for doing this
Oh I love you guys, you are doing amazing and vital work.