My apologies for any mispronunciations - Tocharian in particular! I also wanted to point out that at the 9:54 mark I use the word 'Russians' to refer to the Kievan Rus - I was quoting from a rather antiquated copy of Constantine's 'De Administrando Imperio'. Instead, the word I should have used is simply 'Rus'.
There is/was no such thing as "Kievan-Rus'" just Rus'/ Русь , just as there was no such thing as "Byzantine Empire" .. it was simply the Roman Empire, and after Old Rome fell to the invading Germanic tribes it was called Eastern Roman Empire.. (The Roman Emperor, Constantine the Great called his new capital on the Bosporus Nova Roma / Νεα Ρώμη / New Rome).. the Hellenic people there called themselves Ρωμαίοι/Romaioi... and the Ottoman Turks called/call them Rum till today.. (Kievan-Rus and Byzantine Empire are recent titles made up by Western European academic historians). When the Rus'/Русь accepted Christianity from Constantinople they started calling themselves what the Hellenistic Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople) called them, IE Ρώσσοι / Rossoi, and their territories Ρωσσία/Rossia.. down to these days they now call themselves Русский [Русы] / Russkii and their lands Россия /Rossiya/Russia.... thus you were correct to call them Russians and no need to apologize and "correct" what you said in this excellent video👍🙂.
Rus' was refered to by that name, by the Greek Rossiya, and by the Latin Ruthenia. In ages since the people of Rus' were divided between themselves and outside empires, Ruthenia came to refer to the part of what was once Rus' that came under Polish and Lithuanian domination, what we know today as the Ukraine. While Peter the Great renamed what was known as the Russian Tsardom; or Russkoe Tsarstvo (which arose from the Grand Duchy of Moscowy and some surviving principalities from the Rus' days), to the Greek Rossiya, which came to be anglicized in the English language as Russia.
The Hungarians (Magyars) refer to the Pechenegs as Besenyők (plural), which sounds very close to "Be-ca-nag" at 11:45. There are several villages in Hungary incorporating their name, which would indicate where fleeing Pechenegs may have settled when their empire was destroyed - one such village being Besenyőtelek, translated as Pecheneg site/settlement. Great video!
Yes, exactly! There were areas/villages named after & recognized as Pecheneg, Cuman, & Jasic (Iranic, but Asiatic; indicating they were formed after Turkic advances West & from groups that left AIania/DNA shows this too) settlements w/n Hungary (& what now incIudes other C. European nations).
Here are some examples of names & the extent of Pecheneg settlement: Besenyőtelek, Hungary Bešeňov, Slovakia Ládbesenyő, Hungary Beščeně, Czechia (now part of Kunovice) Biçənək, Azeribajan Pečenjevce, Serbia Pechenihy, Ukraine Pecineaga, Romania (N. Dobruja) Szirmabesenyő, Hungary Pieczonogi, Poland Pöttsching, Austria
That is interesting but not significant. "Besenyők" is clearly just the Hungarian form of the word "Pecheneg", there's nothing surprising about that. And nothing to indicate that the Hungarians got the name from the Uyghurs.
@@SporeMurph Nobody before you has indicated that the Magyars (Hungarians) got the name for the Pechenegs from the Uyghurs. Academics and other interested people are just trying to put together more information about the Pechenegs based on the little info that is available (more like detective work) and it's all probabilistic. For example, if I look at your RUclips handle of "SporeMurph", I would assign a low probability that you have an interest in mushrooms, maybe even Psilocybans, based on "Spore". But there is a higher chance that I would be wrong. 🤣🤣🤣
They are not obscure at all......they are a part of our nation and have been for over a 1000 years, just as Hungarians still live side by side with Kazakhs in today's Kazakhstan and with mongols in today's Mongolia, Kazakhs live with us in Hungary also for over a 1000 years. We are all a part of the once mighty tribal/cultural organization called Scythians and later the Huns. We are them! An area stretching from Siberia to Carpathian basin. The trade super-highway called the silk road was controlled by us.
@@extremistterrorist that is just a theory we don't have any proof to confirm. there is no any record in Scythian language or about them to call them Iranic or Turkic. on the other hand their nomadic life and metalworking crafty are two things reflecting Turkic characters about them.
@@mda990 Scythian, member of a nomadic people, originally of Iranian stock, known from as early as the 9th century bce who migrated westward from Central Asia to southern Russia and Ukraine in the 8th and 7th centuries bce
There isnt an English equivalent of the Turkic word Bacanak. It isnt exactly brother-in-law but rather used in reference to the husband of the sister of ones wife (hope I put that right) but despite 46 years of being a Turk, I never even considered how the origin of Bacanak can have anything to do with Pecenek's until you mentioned it. Thanks for a brilliant video.
Tonuzoba ("Hog Father") was a Pecheneg chief of the Tolmac tribe who settled in Hungary with his people about 950 AD. He was given lands from the grand prince Taksony in the county of Heves. He was related to the grand prince, because Taksony's wife was Tonuzobas daughter or sister. According to the legend Tonuzoba was buried alive at Abádszalók because he refused to convert to Christianity.
Wasn’t he buried alive because he assassinated Prince Imre? Doesn’t the Gesta Hungarorum say that when Tonuzoba heard the news of Imre’s death “he buried himself alive along with his family”.
It’s crazy to think that had the Pechenegs not pushed us Hungarians West, then we would have likely suffered the same fate that other Uralic or Turkic speakers experienced in Russia: colonization and extermination. We might owe our continued existence to them in a strange way.
The city of Kharkov (near the Donets river) has a suburb called "Pechenegi" ... This does not mean that Pechenegs live there anymore, but who knows. Peoples never disappeared fully, in the case of the Pechenegs some ended up joining the Magyars to form Hungary and a large group was absorbed into Romania
@@cabramontesНекогда негде не називают тем боле унизителним сходством . Украинский многие слова одинакова с Каракалпакский . Но я негде не прочитал об этом толко слишал Киев Куйеу означает Зят Харьков Кар коп означает много снег . Там ест раен Бессарапия а это точно род Каракалпаков по Каракалпакском род Бессары . Род Бессары есть только у Каракалпаков . Саратов на русском тоже нечего не означает на Каракалпакском Сары тау означает Жёлтый гори . Примеров полно . Например в Украине есть район Токмак это Каракалпакском означает дубинка оружие древний Каракалпаков
best content on these pechenegs i have seen... i remember them referenced in john julius norwich's books on the byzantine empire that i read around 2001 and 2002... your video adds interesting ideas, even that they may have had a tocharian element
I personally doubt the Tocharian element on a few grounds: 1. The Tocharians were mostly settled whereas the pechenegs are a nomadic group 2. I understand the tocharian connection comes from the similar names, with the pechenegs having three tribes of “Kangars” which is similar to the name for the region around Tashkent which was referred to as “kang” or “kangju” but the evidence is lacking in that respect 3. The kangars were said to have stemmed themselves from the turkic tiele which were more easterly in those days.
Magyars were pushed by Pechenegs and Bulgarians (medivial ones).'' The Magyars cross the Danube in 895, and are victorious over the Bulgarians twice. So Simeon withdraws to Durostorum, which he successfully defends, while during 896 he finds some assistance for his side, persuading the usually Byzantine-friendly Pechenegs to help him out. Then, while the Pechenegs began to combat the Magyars on their eastern frontier, Simeon and his father Boris I, the former tsar who left his monastery retreat to assist his heir in the occasion, gather an enormous army and march to the north to defend their empire ''.The Battle of Southern Buh occurred near the banks of the eponymous river (today in Ukraine). The result was a great Bulgarian victory which forced the Magyars of the Etelköz realm to abandon the steppes of southern Ukraine'' .
In 750 AD, after the Pecheneg Turks Kangar Union (659 AD - 750 AD) collapsed, the Pecheneg Turks Khanate attacked Magna Hungaria on the upper Ural River and drove Magyars to Levédia. In 854 AD, the Pecheneg Turks Khanate attacked the Confederation of seven Hungarian tribes around the Don River known as Levédia, forcing Magyar tribes that lived between the Don and Kuban Rivers southward, and Levédia west of the Don River to migrate westward. Magyars that migrated southward have impressive migration history, that is censored by Hungary. In 895 AD, the Pecheneg Turks Khanate forced the Magyars to leave the Podolia region of modern-day Ukraine for a new homeland to modern-day Hungary across the Carpathian Mountains towards the Pannonian (Great Hungarian) Plain. After 1122 AD, Pecheneg Turks were assimilated by neighboring peoples such as the Bulgarians (Slavs - not Bulgar Turks) in the Byzantine Empire, and Vlachs (Romanians) in the Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia. Pecheneg Turks Khanate ceased to exist on maps, but some argue modern-day Vlachs are Romanized and Christianized Pecheneg Turks.
Oddly, the name of this people may have survived in some family names common in eastern Europe. There are several variants like 'Petschenig', 'Petschnig', 'Petschnigg', 'Pecnik' etc. still to be found in the telephone books of many countries.
Pecnik (Печник) - is stove maker in Russian at least. Pec(stove)-nik. "Nik" is very popular suffix in Slavic languages. Kram-nik - shop (krama) owner, led(ice)-nik - glacier, etc.
Stumbled across this channel and was surprised that it only had ~4,000 subscribers. Your content is genuinely well formatted and well researched, much better than some more prominent and bigger channels out there. Looking forward to seeing more videos from you. Subscribed.
Great documentary, i was curious about my ethnic background, my grandma claims that we are descented of Pecheneg Crimean Tatars, as a history enthusiastic whichs knowledges about Pontic Steppe's Turkic nomads is kinda terra incognita, i was in search of documents or anything that would feed my "Pecheneg curiosity" and what a luck for me that this video got recomended to me. This video helped me a lot, there are literally very few source about Pechenegs among other Pontic Steppe Turkic nomads.Well at least shortened my "Pecheneg curiosity" and de-facto helped my "Eastern Roman-Rus Relations Across Centuries" presentation, so thank you Mr. JustAnotherHistoryChannel. (Just got bored in intern, thats why this comment is this "longified", lmao.) Conclusion: found an another great channel to feed my history hunger.
In various Byzantine-Seljuk wars in Anatolia during the 11th and 12th centuries, Pecheneg and Uz mercenaries in the Byzantine army changed sides upon hearing the Seljuks speaking Turkish and realizing that they were their relatives.
1) I just found this, and subscribed. Good work. Your graphics are good overall, with a great sense of reserve when it comes to text usage. I love your smooth repetition of key points, though it would have been even better if you opened your discussions of competing theories with a checklist. "Tell 'em what you're going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you told them," I think that was originally a Marine Corps saying, but I heard it in Toastmasters. 2) This would make an epic generational strategy game, and parts of the Pecheneg story would also make for an awesome low-fantasy TTRPG. That whole, "we can't defend our territory and now we must flee to the west: what will we become of us?" bit is just great fodder for TTRPG.
I was genuinely shocked when I saw how few subscribers this channel had, but I'm sure it'll blow up soon. I loved the production quality and design, very fitting for a topic as unique and interesting as this. Thank you for the work!
Successfully ambitious coverage of a genuinely obscure slice of history. Really well done, The mists of time have veiled the complexity of the steppe and its peoples. This was fascinating. The comments generated by your video contain some interesting nuggets in pursuit of where the Pechenegs dispersed.
Fun fact. A couple of years ago the Pechenegs turned into a crazy Internet meme in the Russian media when Putin has gone on TV to provide some comfort to his citizens in time of pandemic. He said: “Everything passes and this too will pass. Our country has been through serious tests more than once: when tormented by the Pechenegs and the Cumans, Russia coped with everything." The remark instantly sparked bewilderment and lots of memes.
The algorithm put your latest video on my home page. I’m truly surprised in a good way. Your video is about a people I hadn’t heard of before and is also entertaining and gives a great deal of insight into their history. I must say that your channel is a fresh breeze blowing through the murky jungle of RUclips. Of course I subscribed and I will be watching your other videos.
Oghuz Turks and Pecheneg Turks had a last battle long after their clashes in Central Asia. As it is told in the video, in 11th century Pechenegs were losing territory and becoming mercenaries of other states. Pecheneg mercenaries who were hired by Eastern Rome were sent to the Eastern Anatolia. There they faced the rivals of their grandfathers, the Oghuz Turks. Seljuk Army were mostly Oghuz and some historians say that Pechenegs recognised the similarity between themselves and their Oghuz cousins. And even some of them changed sides...
Agreed with the praise, also subscribed. Also, my wife said you have an interesting voice and it does not put her to sleep unlike most of the other folks I listen to - very high praise coming from her 😅.
This was incredible fascinating. I've already sent this video on to all my steppe-history-curious friends. Besides the story being interesting, your presentstion, voiceover, and structuring really made it an easy listen in the best way.
Funny how a lot of people say in the comments "Excellent video explanation", yet you have not even mentioned how the magyars were reffering to the Land of Făgăraș as the "Silve Vlachorum et Bissenorum" and how even Romanian probably have more connections with the pechenegs than the hungarians (but which are now not shown because at that time Romanians didn't have a kingdom like hungarians and instead mingled with them and assimilated them into our culture), lastly mentioning we have villages and *even a last-name* in Romanian called "Peceneaga". I love the turkic culture, man... I also gotta give it to you, the æsthetic of those steppe shepherd photos is just so good... Love to the central asian and european Türks from Romania🇷🇴❤️ Edit: Ohhh the Pechenegs from Greek Macedonia!! I know they mingled with the southern vlachs and at the 18th century, part of them migrated to the south of Bessarabia and became the today-gagauz. I've been confirmed this by a gagauz woman herself. Also, the Aromanians who live in Dobruja and Meglenia (Southern Macedonia and eastern Thessaly) tend to have asian facial features. And that *most* probably relates to the assimilation of the Pechenegs who migrated at South of Danube. Look at Simona Halep for example. Or Gigi Becali. Cool video. 🇷🇴🤝
You mean look at Neagu or Ostase, to give you some handball examples, of former Pechenegs and those very dark people from Oltenia, featuring a strong build of a turco - iranian mix. They are also very different from the Neolithic farmers, who look like Anatolians today. So faces like Halep or Becali have nothing to do with the Pechenegs.
By the way the ruling Dynastie of Wallachia the Romanian principallity originated from the Kipchaks, Basarab the first was the Descendants from the Kipchaks. ,,Bas or Basar" comes from the verb to rule ,,Aba" is respectful term for father or the head.
@@precursors Yes Cuman-Kipchak Federation, today Ukraine Russia Kazakhstan. The Christian Byzantine called them cuman. The Russ called them polovsty The Chinese called them Qangli The Muslim World called them Kipchak
Peçenek played a role during 1071 Malazgirt war when rome were groundly defetead by Turks (Oğuz (Selçuk)). The Peçenek Turks were fighting for the romans but reflected to the Türk side. Their Khan was named Türkhunyad!
Pecheneg's Kazakhs Khazar's Kazakh's according to Russian historians. I think so as a Kazakh we have so many tribes Naimans, Kereis, Adais so on. Hope you can make video about Kereis and Naimans. So curious about Kazakh tribes.
I have a theory about the origin of the name of my town in Serbia Bechkerek (old name). When town was founded in 1326 it was the territory of Hungary. Bech part comes from the Hungarian word for Pechenegs (Besenyők). In 15th-century Hungary, some people adopted the surname Besenyö (Hungarian for "Pecheneg"). Pechenegs of Hungary togheter with Cumans or Kuns were assimilated with Magyars. In the southeast of Serbia, there is a village called Pechenjevce founded by Pechenegs. After war with Byzantium, the remnants of the tribes found refuge in the area, where they established their settlements, Bešenovo, Bešenovački Prnjavor.
Fantastic video. I love it when historic creators dig into these obscure peoples that are so often overlooked or relegated to mere footnotes in the shadow of more "prestigious" empires and cultures. Thank you!
there are 2 teory in Turkish ; 1 "bacanak" brother in law and "Beyneg or Begneg" as Beg means not just lord but also rich and noble this could be refer to both Pechenegs as noble rich aristocrats of Oguz and remnants of Turkic Kaganate that didnt became muslim or their noble blood horses
This is a wonderful video! I really love the editing style. The dark colors, film grain and typography are quite pleasing. The subject matter is also great as there aren't many good videos about Eurasian steppe peoples, if you wish to continue with this topic a video about the Magyars or Tocharians would be really cool. Tocharian groups are rarely talked about on RUclips. Or maybe even a video about the Cumans or other Turkic peoples, it is up to you :) However I do have a minor correction, perhaps you mentioned this yourself and I missed it, but the Cuman language is usually classified as a Kipchak language while the Pechenegs are believed to have spoken an Oghuz language, but a Kipchak classification is also argued. Al-Kashgari perhaps meant variant as in similar but another branch, I am not sure, he was from Kashgar and probably spoke Qara-Khanid Turkic (of the Karluk branch) and Arabic. Mahmud actually published a relatively famous dictionary of the Turkic languages, the name of the text is a pain to spell in English. Anyway, your bit about Turkification is spot on (it would also make an awesome video!), the Eurasian steppe and forest steppe during most of Antiquity was mostly Indo-European and "Siberian" (an unknowable mix of peoples speaking Uralic, Yeniseian, Paleo-Siberian, Proto-Turkic or pre-Proto-Turkic, and probably many other languages) linguistically, it was only after the Hunnic migrations that the earliest Turkic peoples and confederations appear. Keep up the great work!
The Pechenegs were mostly enemies of the Magyars. But not all of them. At least one Pecheneg tribe joined the Hungarian tribal alliance. The Hungarian name of this Peshen tribe is Berény. This could be the tribe named Boru in the video. This Peshen tribe migrated further west together with the Hungarians and took part in the founding of Hungary in 895. There are currently 18 settlements in Hungary, Slovakia and Romania that contain the name Berény. These were probably founded by Pechenegs between 895-900. The steppes are poor in the east. Therefore, the peoples who kept many large animals, horses and cattle had to migrate from time to time in search of new pastures. Grass grows three times faster in Hungary than in the eastern steppes. It was no longer necessary for people to migrate to keep many big animals.
Every tribe was somebody's enemy, as were the Pechenegs to Magyars and Kumans and Uz in the search for new pastures. The Roman Empire played this belligerent tendencies very well, in destroying some of those tribes, successfully staging cock fights amongst them. No different than today's world, almost nothing has changed.
I'm a Chepni Oghuz from Türkiye and Pechenegs are kinda our cousins. Oghuz ethnos divides into 2: Üçok and Bozok. And then those 2 branches divide into 6 subbranches: günhan, ayhan, yıldızhan, gökhan, dağhan, denizhan. And then those 6 branches divide into 24 subbranches, 4 tribes for each. Both Pechenegs and us Chepnis belong to the same branch: Gökhan(Sky-lord) branch of Üçoks. We were also semi-nomadic just like our clan brothers Pechenegs around that time. Anyway, for more info on the Oghuz clan formation, you can read Mahmud Kashgari's Divan-ı Lügati't Türk(11th century). We Chepnis now dwell in Southern Black Sea(Türkiye), some in other parts of Türkiye, some in Azerbaijan and some in Northern Iran. It feels strange to find those lost clan brothers on the lost pages of European history. But hey, Pechenegs aren't entirely lost though, we still have some Pechenegs around in Türkiye. Thanks for the video but I see what you did there. Trying to Indo-Europeanize the Pecheneg history. It's easy to understand that Turks are a very ancient familia which has always been very wide, diverse and big. This has been like this since day 1 of our known and documented history. So much so nobody truly knows the time Turks were a single people. It's not nice and not scientific to shout TuRkiFiCaTiOn at every instance a Turkic people becomes the topic. Pechenegs are a nation of Turkic origin who ruled over much of Europe. That's all there is, that's all we know. Indo-European is just a linguistic theory and theory shouldn't replace hard evidence concerning peoples' origins.
pechenek/ is derivative for bachanaq/ brother in law/ some Turkic tribes alter b to p, we do that with some words starting with B- , chor/choru is member of ruling class, bey- is head of a tribe/prince, bay- is rich man, QARA - when used for man it would mean naturally strong, for mountains kara-tau/kara dağ solid mountain/awe inspiring mountain, for society qara/kara katman - commoners, for colours it would mean black
@@easytiger6570 No, not debatable. In Turkic black (Qara) represents north, red (Qizil) represents south, green (yeshil) represents east, white (Aq) represents west, and yellow (sari) represents center (think Golden Horde, Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Koyunlu, Karakhanid etc)
@@salihdalgin1573He’s right. The Peçenek=Bacanak relation is historically agreed on. “8. yüzyıla ait Hor (Uygurlar’ın Tibetçe adı) elçilerinin raporlarında da Becanag adıyla kendilerinden bahsedilmiştir.[3] Bilinmeyen bir yazar tarafından 982 yılında yazımı biten ve daha sonra Gurluların hükümdarı Abu ul-Harith Muhammad ibn Ahmad’a sunulan Hudûd el-âlem adlı kitapta Peçenekler, Bachanāk-i Turk ve Turkān-i Bachanākī olarak adlandırılmıştır.[4] Dede Korkut destanlarında, Oğuzlar'ın Salur boyuyla çarpışan Peçenekler için "Beçenek" adı kullanılmıştır. Burada bahsi geçen Peçenekler, batıya göç eden ana Peçenek kitlesinden ayrı olarak Oğuzlar'a tabi olmuş kitledir. Ebu'l Gazi Bahadır Han'ın, Şecere-i Terakime adlı eserinde Peçenekler'den "Becene" adıyla bahsedilmiştir.”
Peçeneks are Turks. A branch of Oghuz Clans. Iam Turkish and my name is also "Oghuz Attila TOPRAK." I know my nations deep history of thousands years, better then any... Additionally, Turks and Magyars(in Turkish we say - Madjars) are related in somehow, someway. They are ours distant relatives.
Pecheneg sounds like a Russian pronunciation of Bajanag, the Turkic word used in Persian too. It means men married to sisters of each other or husbands of two (or more) sisters. Comes from Baji (sister) in Turkic languages. This might explain the tradition when cousins inherited the chiefdom instead of the firstborn sons.
I have pecheneg origin. Name came from bacanak, means brother in love in Turkish. After settling in balkans most pecheneges join the byzantine army along with kumans. In return Byzantine emperor give them land in anatolia, mostly taurus mountains near the mediterrean sea. Today yörüks lives here mostly have pecheneges and kuman origin. There for they have mostly have green eyes and blonde hair comtemperary to other oghuz Türks in anatolia.
I had not heard of the defeated remnants of the tribe being settled in Macedonia. I’m very interested as a descendent of Croatians who looked rather Asian.
The Ottomans also settled many Tatar (Kara Tatar) tribes in the Balkans, beginning from the 14th century to 17th century, the remnants of Ilkhans and Timur's army in Anatolia. The Turkic dialect of Northern Macedonia and Kosova is a blend of Tatar (Kipchak) and southern Oghuz Turkish.
Not just that, we can go back to Hun Türks and probably even earlier where Turks have poured into europe. After Huns you had several other Turkish states as Onugurs, Kutrigur etc then Avars came to Europe and especially east and Balkans. Avars were Turks or mongols chased away by the Turks called Türk. Then you had Bulgars who were Turks not slaves and it continued that way until modern times.
Peçenek,a turkish tribe settled in Europe since 1000 years.An tribe of th oguz like the Kinik and the Kayi were the seljuks and the ottomans have their roots.❤ i am proud as Turkish for my heritage. The Magxars are indeed part of the Turkish world 🐺🤘🇹🇷🇦🇿🇰🇿🇰🇬🇹🇲🇺🇿🇭🇺🤘🐺
Peçeneklerin batıya göç tarihi olarak verilen 744 yılı çok geç bir tarih.Doğu Roma 523 yılında incili Türkçeye çevirdiği tarih dikkate alınmalı.Peçenek ve Kumanların da aralarında bulunduğu Türk boyları 523 öncesi Doğu Romaya girmişlerdi.
İşlerine gelmez. Oğuzların 24 boyundan sadece biri olduğunu da söylemiyorlar, Türki bir grup deyip geçiyorlar, kimdir bu Peçenekler derken bu zamana kadar Kaşgarlı Mahmut'tan bir referans veren olmadı, malum ki orada Oğuz boy tasnifi detaylıca yazıyor ama bu video Oğuzları sanki etnos değil de dil tasnifi gibi vermiş, burada ufaktan bir çarpıtma var ve çok fazla da eksik var. O kaynakta boyların damgasını, isminin anlamını, ongununu falan da yazıyor mesela, sadece dil tasnifi yapmıyor, koca bir familyanın etnik tasnifini yapıyor. Tabii Avrupalılar pek dalmazlar bizdeki tarihi kaynaklara yoksa kafalarda çok soru işareti oluşur, sıradan halkın da detaylıca öğrenmesine müsaade edemezler. Tek başına Peçenek ve Kumanlar bile çok kalabalıktı, şimdi bunu izleyen sanıyor ki bunlar bir avuç adamdı, sonra bir şekilde yok oldu, buhar oldu, uçtu. Kendi etnosuyla ilişkisini anlaması çok zor.
Yes, they are both of Oghuz origin. We modern day Turks of Anatolia descended from Oghuz tribes and lots of settlements across Anatolia today bear the names of various Oghuz tribes like: Bayındır, Bozok, Kayı, Yapar, Döğerlü...etc.
9:54 perhaps that is silly, but I cannot help but feel at odds with the way English historiographic tradition-and maybe Western European tradition overall-decided to equate the inhabitants of Rus with Russians. I understand why it did happen that way, after all the name of Russia is derivative of Rus, and ultimately this word did describe the whole of the territories of Rus and not what is now just the Russian Federation, but I am afraid that this tradition will continue to propagate the idea that Russia is the true inheritor of the legacy of the Rus (whatever this means) and the other East Slavic countries are just its younger cousins.
You are quite right, my use of 'Russians' here is not correct, and thank you for pointing out. I was using a rather antiquated translation of Constantine's 'De Administrando Imperio', in which the Rus were at times referred to as 'Russians'. This should of course be Rus, as calling them Russians really isn't correct!
@@JustAnotherHistoryChannel I have no problem with you using it, as for what I understand it is a direct quote from a translation that was done at the time when translating the Greek word for Rus as strictly “Russia” was customary. It’s just that I don’t expect a lot of people to be versed in these historiographical intricacies, so I have decided to vent how annoying it can be that this confusion persists.
But that's exactly the case? Russian ruling dynasty up until Ivan IV and The Time of Troubles was part of Rurikovichi, who ruled Rus since it's inception. Russian state was built upon the idea of reunification of old Rus lands, some of which by that point were taken over by Poland-Lithuania (Belarus and historical Ukraine), but many still remained under legal rule of great knyaz (who's symbolic residence moved from Kiev first to Vladimir, then to Moscow). What is the reason NO to consider Russia a direct succesor of Rus?
@@JustAnotherHistoryChannelcalling them how they called themselves and how adjacent powers called them is incorrect? Political correctness is the plague of historical analysis.
Thank you for covering obscure euro-asian ethnic groups. I have some knowledge of them since I lived near their historic areas in hungary etc. but even we often understand amercian history better than our own... pet alone the obsvure people of the past.
Anna komnena also comments that Scythians and Turks are the same people when mentioned , and a recommendation you should use more word '' Türk '' in your videos when making videos of Türk people , pechenegs are sub clan from Oghuz main clan of Turkish nation -(UZ-UZİ-UZİA- (for foreigners ALANİ-SARMATİ)
Peçenek tribe is an Oğuz from the start. They were not assimilated into Oğuz klan. It is documented under Üçoklar>Gökhan>Peçenek. What you are saying is like "I bought majority partnership in my cousin's business and assimilated him into my father's family."
The patzinak (which to me rhymed with "partisan") feature in the first novel I ever read: a Hungarian translation of Frans G. Bengtsson's "Röde Orm". Now that, was a terrific introduction for a little boy, to literature and history! Highly recommended, *sniff*.
Hmmmm....you fail to mention the Hungarian (magyar) sources on the "besenyők" (pechenegs) which clearly describe them as fearless raiders. Eventually, once the besenyők disintegrated, many fled into the Carpathian basin (the Hungarian Kingdom) and settled and established villages. One of my ancestors came from such a Pecheneg village.
As things goes with nomadic people coming from the Eurasian steppe, we could have a country nowadays named Pechenegia somewhere between the Balkans and the Crimean Peninsula and nobody would bat an eye. Like the Bulgars made it after all but they were also hardly pressed and nearly whipped out. But alas the poor Pechenegs just banished from history... I find this notion interesting to say the least Edit to say Im a new sub, hope your channel grows as it deserves. This was a really nice presentation
I only remember the Pechenegs because I read them in a loooong list of peoples who invaded the Byzantines. Sadly for them, they did it back when we were still strong enough to repel them.
March 1, 2024 - As a student of History, I've always been amazed at how complicated it is. The rise and fall of so many different civilizations, empires, and kingdoms, is astounding. The history taught in schools is like the contents of a pamphlet compared to an entire library filled with countless books. Sadly, even the important leaders and politicians of "First world" nations are next to totally ignorant about human history. This makes a lot of their policies, attempts at diplomacy, and understanding different cultures pathetic at best. Sadly, it has gotten to the point that current generations have very little knowledge of even modern history, and therefore are easily led and lied to. Thanks to the corruption of Western academia, members of several present generations are left to believe that history started with their birth.😢😟
Thank you. I really enjoyed this, due to my two semester courses of History of Russia. I wonder if the Pechenegs were the same people as the Polovtsi, who inhabited the area north of the Black Sea, perhaps at a different time.
They weren't. Polovtsy are another turkick tribe that replaced Pechenegs after the fall of the latter. Certainly some pechenegs probably joined them but overall it was different people. P.S. the word Polovtsy isn't used in English, and the people are called either Cumans or Kipchaks.
My man...I really appreciate your effort. But please let me to correct a few mistake you (or the historians) made while I'm still watching this... PECH(Ç)ENEKS were not assimilated in OGHUZ (OĞUZ) TURKS ... They "were" one branch of OGHUZ TURKS... Just like KAYI, BEGTİLİ, AVŞAR etc... Peçenek language was actually TURKISH. Literally one tongue of the OĞUZ branch of the Turkish language. KANGAR UNION was a Turkic state created by several different Turkic tribes including the (OĞUZ TURKS). It's name was coming from the word "KANGLI" literally means "People (TURKS) with wheeled carts". It was something like TURAN UNION. For example the famous TURKISH KANGAL DOGS were brought by the OĞUZ TURKS who lived there until the 1402 BATTLE of ANKARA. BÖRÜ means "WOLF", SURU is "SARI" and it was referring the word SARI to mention the blonde TURKS. YES TURKS are CAUCASIAN and white. Most of the Ukrainian people are descendants of the CUMANS (KUMAN - BLONDE MEN in Turkish) Also the BASIL II. The Bulgar Slayer literally settled 150000 Turks (30000) yurts into the Macedonian and Northern Greece regions of the Byzantines in order to repel another TURKIC group (BULGARS). Where do I know? I'm a f*cking OĞUZ TURK (whose ancestors lived in KANGAR UNION until 1402) from the KAYI-BEGTILLI tribes. We settled in Sivas-KANGAL in Anatolia. And PECHENEGS were our cousins. Yes I can write and read Old Turkic Runic scripts. Like "𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰃:𐰢𐰠𐰚-𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰣:𐰢𐰼-𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰃𐰾𐱃𐰣𐰔:𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰇𐰔⸱ 𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰃:𐰢𐰃𐰠𐰠𐱅𐰠𐰼𐰤:𐰤:𐰴𐰑𐰢𐰃:𐰋𐰀:𐰤:𐰆𐰞𐰽𐰆:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰭:𐰉𐱁𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰖𐰔! " And yes we were the valiant and noble ones. But Ottomans pushed us away from the government when they focus on Islam more than Turkishness. So we came here alongside with the EMIR TIMUR in order to fight with them in 1402.
If you lived in 1402 you must be more than 600 years old. And you are the noble ones but the Ottomans pushed you away. Sounds more like megalomania and frustrations. So what does it mean to be noble anyway?
@ares1634 Gosh... What is Turkic genes? What is Greek genes? You are using it like if it's real. Dude. There is no such a thing as Turkic genes or Arabic genes or Slavic genes.. If you want to be an Eugenic fascist I'm gonna tell you, go watch the video of the one of the biggest geneologists "Prof. Dr. Spencer Wells's The Journey of Man - A Genetic Oddysey" documentary and research. You will see 40000 years ago whole your so called nations came from one Turkic man. Even his relatives living in Kazakhstan, his name is Niyazov... So in this case every gene you are looking for is Turkic gene... You Greeks are so ignorant and Anti-Turk due to this trying to be scientific but being an idiotic.
Манихейство было привнесено уйгурам в 763 г. Благодаря мощной поддержке уйгурских правителей оно быстро развивалось и вскоре стало государственной религией. После восстания Ань-Ши, поскольку уйгуры помогли Тану подавить восстание, манихеи смогли проповедовать в Китае при поддержке уйгуров. На пятом году правления династии Чэн (840 г. н. э.) уйгуры потерпели поражение и были вынуждены двинуться на запад. Манихейство, потерявшее своего покровителя, уже не пользовалось популярностью. На третьем году правления Хуэйчана (843 г. н. э.) оно было запрещено. императором Уцзуном династии Тан.После этого манихейство было перенесено на Центральные равнины.
My apologies for any mispronunciations - Tocharian in particular! I also wanted to point out that at the 9:54 mark I use the word 'Russians' to refer to the Kievan Rus - I was quoting from a rather antiquated copy of Constantine's 'De Administrando Imperio'. Instead, the word I should have used is simply 'Rus'.
There is/was no such thing as "Kievan-Rus'" just Rus'/ Русь , just as there was no such thing as "Byzantine Empire" .. it was simply the Roman Empire, and after Old Rome fell to the invading Germanic tribes it was called Eastern Roman Empire.. (The Roman Emperor, Constantine the Great called his new capital on the Bosporus Nova Roma / Νεα Ρώμη / New Rome).. the Hellenic people there called themselves Ρωμαίοι/Romaioi... and the Ottoman Turks called/call them Rum till today.. (Kievan-Rus and Byzantine Empire are recent titles made up by Western European academic historians). When the Rus'/Русь accepted Christianity from Constantinople they started calling themselves what the Hellenistic Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople) called them, IE Ρώσσοι / Rossoi, and their territories Ρωσσία/Rossia.. down to these days they now call themselves Русский [Русы] / Russkii and their lands Россия /Rossiya/Russia.... thus you were correct to call them Russians and no need to apologize and "correct" what you said in this excellent video👍🙂.
Rus' was refered to by that name, by the Greek Rossiya, and by the Latin Ruthenia.
In ages since the people of Rus' were divided between themselves and outside empires, Ruthenia came to refer to the part of what was once Rus' that came under Polish and Lithuanian domination, what we know today as the Ukraine. While Peter the Great renamed what was known as the Russian Tsardom; or Russkoe Tsarstvo (which arose from the Grand Duchy of Moscowy and some surviving principalities from the Rus' days), to the Greek Rossiya, which came to be anglicized in the English language as Russia.
Wonder if the pacheneg descendants became the Cossacks?
@@tinahs8269
Good question!
Accepted. Also: "Levounion" is pronounced like /levoonion/ rather than /levoyoonion/.
The Hungarians (Magyars) refer to the Pechenegs as Besenyők (plural), which sounds very close to "Be-ca-nag" at 11:45. There are several villages in Hungary incorporating their name, which would indicate where fleeing Pechenegs may have settled when their empire was destroyed - one such village being Besenyőtelek, translated as Pecheneg site/settlement.
Great video!
This is fascinating!!
Yes, exactly! There were areas/villages named after & recognized as Pecheneg, Cuman, & Jasic (Iranic, but Asiatic; indicating they were formed after Turkic advances West & from groups that left AIania/DNA shows this too) settlements w/n Hungary (& what now incIudes other C. European nations).
Here are some examples of names & the extent of Pecheneg settlement:
Besenyőtelek, Hungary
Bešeňov, Slovakia
Ládbesenyő, Hungary
Beščeně, Czechia (now part of Kunovice)
Biçənək, Azeribajan
Pečenjevce, Serbia
Pechenihy, Ukraine
Pecineaga, Romania (N. Dobruja)
Szirmabesenyő, Hungary
Pieczonogi, Poland
Pöttsching, Austria
That is interesting but not significant. "Besenyők" is clearly just the Hungarian form of the word "Pecheneg", there's nothing surprising about that. And nothing to indicate that the Hungarians got the name from the Uyghurs.
@@SporeMurph Nobody before you has indicated that the Magyars (Hungarians) got the name for the Pechenegs from the Uyghurs. Academics and other interested people are just trying to put together more information about the Pechenegs based on the little info that is available (more like detective work) and it's all probabilistic. For example, if I look at your RUclips handle of "SporeMurph", I would assign a low probability that you have an interest in mushrooms, maybe even Psilocybans, based on "Spore". But there is a higher chance that I would be wrong. 🤣🤣🤣
Probably the only detailed video on this obscure Turkic group available on RUclips. Thank you very much for your efforts!
They are not obscure at all......they are a part of our nation and have been for over a 1000 years, just as Hungarians still live side by side with Kazakhs in today's Kazakhstan and with mongols in today's Mongolia, Kazakhs live with us in Hungary also for over a 1000 years. We are all a part of the once mighty tribal/cultural organization called Scythians and later the Huns. We are them! An area stretching from Siberia to Carpathian basin. The trade super-highway called the silk road was controlled by us.
@szubudaj not any of you have any connection to Scythians they were Iranic people
@@extremistterrorist that is just a theory we don't have any proof to confirm. there is no any record in Scythian language or about them to call them Iranic or Turkic. on the other hand their nomadic life and metalworking crafty are two things reflecting Turkic characters about them.
@@mda990 Scythian, member of a nomadic people, originally of Iranian stock, known from as early as the 9th century bce who migrated westward from Central Asia to southern Russia and Ukraine in the 8th and 7th centuries bce
@mda990 I'm talking about facts not theory. Give one evidence that Scythians are tork
There isnt an English equivalent of the Turkic word Bacanak. It isnt exactly brother-in-law but rather used in reference to the husband of the sister of ones wife (hope I put that right) but despite 46 years of being a Turk, I never even considered how the origin of Bacanak can have anything to do with Pecenek's until you mentioned it. Thanks for a brilliant video.
@sever8351 heh how Öztürk Serengil would've said it 👍
Tonuzoba ("Hog Father") was a Pecheneg chief of the Tolmac tribe who settled in Hungary with his people about 950 AD.
He was given lands from the grand prince Taksony in the county of Heves. He was related to the grand prince, because Taksony's wife was Tonuzobas daughter or sister. According to the legend Tonuzoba was buried alive at Abádszalók because he refused to convert to Christianity.
Fascinating. Int Turkish "Domuz opa" would mean "Hog Granddad"
ezt a legendát már elvetették
@@szubudaj Pontosan mit is?
Wasn’t he buried alive because he assassinated Prince Imre? Doesn’t the Gesta Hungarorum say that when Tonuzoba heard the news of Imre’s death “he buried himself alive along with his family”.
Tonuz Donuz Domuz : Swine ; Oba means ⛺️ Tent House or Tent Village in modern Turkish ; ata : Father
It’s crazy to think that had the Pechenegs not pushed us Hungarians West, then we would have likely suffered the same fate that other Uralic or Turkic speakers experienced in Russia: colonization and extermination. We might owe our continued existence to them in a strange way.
Igen ez érdekes, én is erre gondoltam.
How interesting to understand that I am according your words is exterminated.
You will be, if the empire decides to send you to the frontline
@@logarithm2672 overly dramatic edge lord, as usual believe in his delusional thoughts. Oh well.
@@PairFreebirdwell you are very russified now
The city of Kharkov (near the Donets river) has a suburb called "Pechenegi" ... This does not mean that Pechenegs live there anymore, but who knows. Peoples never disappeared fully, in the case of the Pechenegs some ended up joining the Magyars to form Hungary and a large group was absorbed into Romania
Kharkiv, not kharkov. Kharkov is a word for spitting in past perfect. For example: "I spat on putler" will be "Ya kharkov na khuila ".
@@cabramontes take your pills, mate
@@cabramontes putler living rent free in idiot mind
@@cabramontesНекогда негде не називают тем боле унизителним сходством . Украинский многие слова одинакова с Каракалпакский . Но я негде не прочитал об этом толко слишал Киев Куйеу означает Зят Харьков Кар коп означает много снег . Там ест раен Бессарапия а это точно род Каракалпаков по Каракалпакском род Бессары . Род Бессары есть только у Каракалпаков . Саратов на русском тоже нечего не означает на Каракалпакском Сары тау означает Жёлтый гори . Примеров полно . Например в Украине есть район Токмак это Каракалпакском означает дубинка оружие древний Каракалпаков
some pechenegs also assimilated into the population of Karaman turkiye
best content on these pechenegs i have seen... i remember them referenced in john julius norwich's books on the byzantine empire that i read around 2001 and 2002... your video adds interesting ideas, even that they may have had a tocharian element
I personally doubt the Tocharian element on a few grounds:
1. The Tocharians were mostly settled whereas the pechenegs are a nomadic group
2. I understand the tocharian connection comes from the similar names, with the pechenegs having three tribes of “Kangars” which is similar to the name for the region around Tashkent which was referred to as “kang” or “kangju” but the evidence is lacking in that respect
3. The kangars were said to have stemmed themselves from the turkic tiele which were more easterly in those days.
I was reading them then too, and that's where I first heard about them.
We could talk about tribes of ancient American.. hmmmm.. before the British domination and evolve to American ambitions.. hmmmm.
@@peaceleader7315you make it sound delicious hmmm.
@stevenkarner6872 righteous of freedom and democracy hmmmm some time I wonder 🤔.
Magyars were pushed by Pechenegs and Bulgarians (medivial ones).'' The Magyars cross the Danube in 895, and are victorious over the Bulgarians twice. So Simeon withdraws to Durostorum, which he successfully defends, while during 896 he finds some assistance for his side, persuading the usually Byzantine-friendly Pechenegs to help him out. Then, while the Pechenegs began to combat the Magyars on their eastern frontier, Simeon and his father Boris I, the former tsar who left his monastery retreat to assist his heir in the occasion, gather an enormous army and march to the north to defend their empire ''.The Battle of Southern Buh occurred near the banks of the eponymous river (today in Ukraine). The result was a great Bulgarian victory which forced the Magyars of the Etelköz realm to abandon the steppes of southern Ukraine'' .
In 750 AD, after the Pecheneg Turks Kangar Union (659 AD - 750 AD) collapsed, the Pecheneg Turks Khanate attacked Magna Hungaria on the upper Ural River and drove Magyars to Levédia.
In 854 AD, the Pecheneg Turks Khanate attacked the Confederation of seven Hungarian tribes around the Don River known as Levédia, forcing Magyar tribes that lived between the Don and Kuban Rivers southward, and Levédia west of the Don River to migrate westward. Magyars that migrated southward have impressive migration history, that is censored by Hungary.
In 895 AD, the Pecheneg Turks Khanate forced the Magyars to leave the Podolia region of modern-day Ukraine for a new homeland to modern-day Hungary across the Carpathian Mountains towards the Pannonian (Great Hungarian) Plain.
After 1122 AD, Pecheneg Turks were assimilated by neighboring peoples such as the Bulgarians (Slavs - not Bulgar Turks) in the Byzantine Empire, and Vlachs (Romanians) in the Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia. Pecheneg Turks Khanate ceased to exist on maps, but some argue modern-day Vlachs are Romanized and Christianized Pecheneg Turks.
Oddly, the name of this people may have survived in some family names common in eastern Europe. There are several variants like 'Petschenig', 'Petschnig', 'Petschnigg', 'Pecnik' etc. still to be found in the telephone books of many countries.
This is fascinating, the way the traces of these 'lost' peoples remain to this day
Yes and in croatia serbia under pađen / pađenovic and besen in hungary
Печенег или бажанак..
Печенеги они бажанак
Pecnik (Печник) - is stove maker in Russian at least. Pec(stove)-nik. "Nik" is very popular suffix in Slavic languages. Kram-nik - shop (krama) owner, led(ice)-nik - glacier, etc.
@@viewer5891 Thanks for this hint!
Stumbled across this channel and was surprised that it only had ~4,000 subscribers. Your content is genuinely well formatted and well researched, much better than some more prominent and bigger channels out there. Looking forward to seeing more videos from you. Subscribed.
Great documentary, i was curious about my ethnic background, my grandma claims that we are descented of Pecheneg Crimean Tatars, as a history enthusiastic whichs knowledges about Pontic Steppe's Turkic nomads is kinda terra incognita, i was in search of documents or anything that would feed my "Pecheneg curiosity" and what a luck for me that this video got recomended to me.
This video helped me a lot, there are literally very few source about Pechenegs among other Pontic Steppe Turkic nomads.Well at least shortened my "Pecheneg curiosity" and de-facto helped my "Eastern Roman-Rus Relations Across Centuries" presentation, so thank you Mr. JustAnotherHistoryChannel.
(Just got bored in intern, thats why this comment is this "longified", lmao.)
Conclusion: found an another great channel to feed my history hunger.
In various Byzantine-Seljuk wars in Anatolia during the 11th and 12th centuries, Pecheneg and Uz mercenaries in the Byzantine army changed sides upon hearing the Seljuks speaking Turkish and realizing that they were their relatives.
after the fall of the rum sultanate many pechenegs served in karamanid cavalry regiments
Zaten biliyorlardı onların Türkçe konuştuklarını. Taraf değiştirme fazla olmadı. Ayrıca sonuna kadar direndiler Selçuklu'ya.
1) I just found this, and subscribed. Good work. Your graphics are good overall, with a great sense of reserve when it comes to text usage. I love your smooth repetition of key points, though it would have been even better if you opened your discussions of competing theories with a checklist. "Tell 'em what you're going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you told them," I think that was originally a Marine Corps saying, but I heard it in Toastmasters.
2) This would make an epic generational strategy game, and parts of the Pecheneg story would also make for an awesome low-fantasy TTRPG. That whole, "we can't defend our territory and now we must flee to the west: what will we become of us?" bit is just great fodder for TTRPG.
I was genuinely shocked when I saw how few subscribers this channel had, but I'm sure it'll blow up soon. I loved the production quality and design, very fitting for a topic as unique and interesting as this. Thank you for the work!
Successfully ambitious coverage of a genuinely obscure slice of history. Really well done, The mists of time have veiled the complexity of the steppe and its peoples. This was fascinating. The comments generated by your video contain some interesting nuggets in pursuit of where the Pechenegs dispersed.
Thank you! I'm very glad to hear you enjoyed the video, I really appreciate your feedback too.
Fun fact. A couple of years ago the Pechenegs turned into a crazy Internet meme in the Russian media when Putin has gone on TV to provide some comfort to his citizens in time of pandemic. He said: “Everything passes and this too will pass. Our country has been through serious tests more than once: when tormented by the Pechenegs and the Cumans, Russia coped with everything." The remark instantly sparked bewilderment and lots of memes.
Не помню такого
@@kindlingking было.
@@shamiltambiev8387 ну раз было, значит так оно и есть
"Russia coped with everything"
Indeed, and so they continue to cope hard to this day XD
How did that resonate with the other Turkic people of Russia?
The algorithm put your latest video on my home page. I’m truly surprised in a good way. Your video is about a people I hadn’t heard of before and is also entertaining and gives a great deal of insight into their history. I must say that your channel is a fresh breeze blowing through the murky jungle of RUclips. Of course I subscribed and I will be watching your other videos.
This was articulately done, love it.
I’m shocked you don’t have more views. You’re next up my guy. Excellent video.
Oghuz Turks and Pecheneg Turks had a last battle long after their clashes in Central Asia. As it is told in the video, in 11th century Pechenegs were losing territory and becoming mercenaries of other states. Pecheneg mercenaries who were hired by Eastern Rome were sent to the Eastern Anatolia. There they faced the rivals of their grandfathers, the Oghuz Turks. Seljuk Army were mostly Oghuz and some historians say that Pechenegs recognised the similarity between themselves and their Oghuz cousins. And even some of them changed sides...
Agreed with the praise, also subscribed.
Also, my wife said you have an interesting voice and it does not put her to sleep unlike most of the other folks I listen to - very high praise coming from her 😅.
This was incredible fascinating. I've already sent this video on to all my steppe-history-curious friends. Besides the story being interesting, your presentstion, voiceover, and structuring really made it an easy listen in the best way.
Thank you! I'm very glad you enjoyed the video, and I really appreciate the feedback!
Theres way to little Turkic history on RUclips so thanks for this!
there is way too much. I want none
@nToKnow Nobody asked for your biased opinion tho. Stay in your hole.
Byzantine had some mercenaries called türkopol consist of pechenegs, Cumans, bolgars, uzes….
I love my Pecheneggas!!!!
Funny how a lot of people say in the comments "Excellent video explanation", yet you have not even mentioned how the magyars were reffering to the Land of Făgăraș as the "Silve Vlachorum et Bissenorum" and how even Romanian probably have more connections with the pechenegs than the hungarians (but which are now not shown because at that time Romanians didn't have a kingdom like hungarians and instead mingled with them and assimilated them into our culture), lastly mentioning we have villages and *even a last-name* in Romanian called "Peceneaga".
I love the turkic culture, man...
I also gotta give it to you, the æsthetic of those steppe shepherd photos is just so good...
Love to the central asian and european Türks from Romania🇷🇴❤️
Edit: Ohhh the Pechenegs from Greek Macedonia!! I know they mingled with the southern vlachs and at the 18th century, part of them migrated to the south of Bessarabia and became the today-gagauz. I've been confirmed this by a gagauz woman herself.
Also, the Aromanians who live in Dobruja and Meglenia (Southern Macedonia and eastern Thessaly) tend to have asian facial features. And that *most* probably relates to the assimilation of the Pechenegs who migrated at South of Danube. Look at Simona Halep for example. Or Gigi Becali.
Cool video. 🇷🇴🤝
You mean look at Neagu or Ostase, to give you some handball examples, of former Pechenegs and those very dark people from Oltenia, featuring a strong build of a turco - iranian mix. They are also very different from the Neolithic farmers, who look like Anatolians today. So faces like Halep or Becali have nothing to do with the Pechenegs.
@@ares1634 Those girls look Latin
@@luisromanlegionaire You cant distinguish between turco - iranian mix from beyond the Caspian sea, like todays Turkmen or Kyrgyz and Hispanic people.
By the way the ruling Dynastie of Wallachia the Romanian principallity originated from the Kipchaks,
Basarab the first was the Descendants from the Kipchaks.
,,Bas or Basar" comes from the verb to rule
,,Aba" is respectful term for father or the head.
Vlad Dracul was also a member of the House of Basarab. Though Basarab was a Cuman dynasty, not Kipchak.
@@precursors
it is just another name for the same People
@@precursors
Yes Cuman-Kipchak Federation,
today Ukraine Russia Kazakhstan.
The Christian Byzantine called them cuman.
The Russ called them polovsty
The Chinese called them Qangli
The Muslim World called them Kipchak
@@MarlonESolo No, Cumans were western and Kipchaks were eastern part of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation. Cumans did speak a Kipchak Turkic, however.
And now his name lives as a region colloquially called "Bessarabia" (despite being part of Moldavia instead of Wallachia for some reason)
Peçenek played a role during 1071 Malazgirt war when rome were groundly defetead by Turks (Oğuz (Selçuk)). The Peçenek Turks were fighting for the romans but reflected to the Türk side. Their Khan was named Türkhunyad!
Pecheneg's Kazakhs Khazar's Kazakh's according to Russian historians. I think so as a Kazakh we have so many tribes Naimans, Kereis, Adais so on. Hope you can make video about Kereis and Naimans. So curious about Kazakh tribes.
I have a theory about the origin of the name of my town in Serbia Bechkerek (old name). When town was founded in 1326 it was the territory of Hungary. Bech part comes from the Hungarian word for Pechenegs (Besenyők). In 15th-century Hungary, some people adopted the surname Besenyö (Hungarian for "Pecheneg"). Pechenegs of Hungary togheter with Cumans or Kuns were assimilated with Magyars. In the southeast of Serbia, there is a village called Pechenjevce founded by Pechenegs. After war with Byzantium, the remnants of the tribes found refuge in the area, where they established their settlements, Bešenovo, Bešenovački Prnjavor.
Fantastic video. I love it when historic creators dig into these obscure peoples that are so often overlooked or relegated to mere footnotes in the shadow of more "prestigious" empires and cultures. Thank you!
A brilliant video on one of recent history’s most enigmatic and obscure peoples…
Magyars next 🤩?
there are 2 teory in Turkish ; 1 "bacanak" brother in law and "Beyneg or Begneg" as Beg means not just lord but also rich and noble this could be refer to both Pechenegs as noble rich aristocrats of Oguz and remnants of Turkic Kaganate that didnt became muslim or their noble blood horses
Absolutely top quality content. You deserve many more subscribers.
Your channel is criminally underrated, mate.
this is the type of history i crave, liked & subbed
I absolutely love chit like this even though I’m American and have never left the western hemisphere.
This is a wonderful video! I really love the editing style. The dark colors, film grain and typography are quite pleasing. The subject matter is also great as there aren't many good videos about Eurasian steppe peoples, if you wish to continue with this topic a video about the Magyars or Tocharians would be really cool. Tocharian groups are rarely talked about on RUclips. Or maybe even a video about the Cumans or other Turkic peoples, it is up to you :)
However I do have a minor correction, perhaps you mentioned this yourself and I missed it, but the Cuman language is usually classified as a Kipchak language while the Pechenegs are believed to have spoken an Oghuz language, but a Kipchak classification is also argued. Al-Kashgari perhaps meant variant as in similar but another branch, I am not sure, he was from Kashgar and probably spoke Qara-Khanid Turkic (of the Karluk branch) and Arabic. Mahmud actually published a relatively famous dictionary of the Turkic languages, the name of the text is a pain to spell in English.
Anyway, your bit about Turkification is spot on (it would also make an awesome video!), the Eurasian steppe and forest steppe during most of Antiquity was mostly Indo-European and "Siberian" (an unknowable mix of peoples speaking Uralic, Yeniseian, Paleo-Siberian, Proto-Turkic or pre-Proto-Turkic, and probably many other languages) linguistically, it was only after the Hunnic migrations that the earliest Turkic peoples and confederations appear. Keep up the great work!
Great video! love finding something new and it not being AI slop! keep up the good work
We still have Qanğli-Arabachy within Turkmens and Qang'li=Qanly within Uzbek, Kazakh, and Karakalpak nations.
The Pechenegs were mostly enemies of the Magyars. But not all of them. At least one Pecheneg tribe joined the Hungarian tribal alliance. The Hungarian name of this Peshen tribe is Berény. This could be the tribe named Boru in the video. This Peshen tribe migrated further west together with the Hungarians and took part in the founding of Hungary in 895. There are currently 18 settlements in Hungary, Slovakia and Romania that contain the name Berény. These were probably founded by Pechenegs between 895-900. The steppes are poor in the east. Therefore, the peoples who kept many large animals, horses and cattle had to migrate from time to time in search of new pastures. Grass grows three times faster in Hungary than in the eastern steppes. It was no longer necessary for people to migrate to keep many big animals.
Every tribe was somebody's enemy, as were the Pechenegs to Magyars and Kumans and Uz in the search for new pastures. The Roman Empire played this belligerent tendencies very well, in destroying some of those tribes, successfully staging cock fights amongst them. No different than today's world, almost nothing has changed.
I love the style and vibe of your video presentation!
I'm a Chepni Oghuz from Türkiye and Pechenegs are kinda our cousins. Oghuz ethnos divides into 2: Üçok and Bozok. And then those 2 branches divide into 6 subbranches: günhan, ayhan, yıldızhan, gökhan, dağhan, denizhan. And then those 6 branches divide into 24 subbranches, 4 tribes for each. Both Pechenegs and us Chepnis belong to the same branch: Gökhan(Sky-lord) branch of Üçoks. We were also semi-nomadic just like our clan brothers Pechenegs around that time. Anyway, for more info on the Oghuz clan formation, you can read Mahmud Kashgari's Divan-ı Lügati't Türk(11th century). We Chepnis now dwell in Southern Black Sea(Türkiye), some in other parts of Türkiye, some in Azerbaijan and some in Northern Iran. It feels strange to find those lost clan brothers on the lost pages of European history. But hey, Pechenegs aren't entirely lost though, we still have some Pechenegs around in Türkiye.
Thanks for the video but I see what you did there. Trying to Indo-Europeanize the Pecheneg history. It's easy to understand that Turks are a very ancient familia which has always been very wide, diverse and big. This has been like this since day 1 of our known and documented history. So much so nobody truly knows the time Turks were a single people. It's not nice and not scientific to shout TuRkiFiCaTiOn at every instance a Turkic people becomes the topic. Pechenegs are a nation of Turkic origin who ruled over much of Europe. That's all there is, that's all we know. Indo-European is just a linguistic theory and theory shouldn't replace hard evidence concerning peoples' origins.
pechenek/ is derivative for bachanaq/ brother in law/ some Turkic tribes alter b to p, we do that with some words starting with B- , chor/choru is member of ruling class, bey- is head of a tribe/prince, bay- is rich man, QARA - when used for man it would mean naturally strong, for mountains kara-tau/kara dağ solid mountain/awe inspiring mountain, for society qara/kara katman - commoners, for colours it would mean black
very informative. good balance between understandably simple and getting at the relevant informational .
7:04 kara or as you westerners write it qara also means north (which is where Black Sea's name came from)
Debatable
@@easytiger6570 No, not debatable. In Turkic black (Qara) represents north, red (Qizil) represents south, green (yeshil) represents east, white (Aq) represents west, and yellow (sari) represents center (think Golden Horde, Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Koyunlu, Karakhanid etc)
@@precursors Yea but the first mention of black sea is from Magyars who lived North of it
@@easytiger6570 I am a Turk plus it can't be Greeks as they give completely different name with different meaning to Black Sea
@@muratonuryilmaz5385 Magyars are not greek
u deserve more views and subscribers, amazing videos
"Pecheneg" comes from the Turkic word "Bajanak" which means sister's husband, brother-in-law
Sanmiyorum
The husbands of sisters are Badjanak to each other. In some Turkic tongues this is pronounced as Becheneg.
@@salihdalgin1573He’s right. The Peçenek=Bacanak relation is historically agreed on.
“8. yüzyıla ait Hor (Uygurlar’ın Tibetçe adı) elçilerinin raporlarında da Becanag adıyla kendilerinden bahsedilmiştir.[3] Bilinmeyen bir yazar tarafından 982 yılında yazımı biten ve daha sonra Gurluların hükümdarı Abu ul-Harith Muhammad ibn Ahmad’a sunulan Hudûd el-âlem adlı kitapta Peçenekler, Bachanāk-i Turk ve Turkān-i Bachanākī olarak adlandırılmıştır.[4] Dede Korkut destanlarında, Oğuzlar'ın Salur boyuyla çarpışan Peçenekler için "Beçenek" adı kullanılmıştır. Burada bahsi geçen Peçenekler, batıya göç eden ana Peçenek kitlesinden ayrı olarak Oğuzlar'a tabi olmuş kitledir. Ebu'l Gazi Bahadır Han'ın, Şecere-i Terakime adlı eserinde Peçenekler'den "Becene" adıyla bahsedilmiştir.”
@@user-nt9gy4ry5k In Balkans, we used terms Badžanak, Badžo and Pašenog. Same etymology.
Peçeneks are Turks. A branch of Oghuz Clans.
Iam Turkish and my name is also "Oghuz Attila TOPRAK."
I know my nations deep history of thousands years, better then any...
Additionally, Turks and Magyars(in Turkish we say - Madjars) are related in somehow, someway. They are ours distant relatives.
Finally some good content on the Pechenegs. Do you mind sharing your sources?
Immediately subscribed to the Patreon, looking forward to more fantastic work like this!
Thank you so much! I'm very glad you enjoyed the video
Pecheneg sounds like a Russian pronunciation of Bajanag, the Turkic word used in Persian too. It means men married to sisters of each other or husbands of two (or more) sisters. Comes from Baji (sister) in Turkic languages. This might explain the tradition when cousins inherited the chiefdom instead of the firstborn sons.
Great narration, sweet editing, nicely done. More images would be wonderful :)
I have pecheneg origin. Name came from bacanak, means brother in love in Turkish. After settling in balkans most pecheneges join the byzantine army along with kumans. In return Byzantine emperor give them land in anatolia, mostly taurus mountains near the mediterrean sea. Today yörüks lives here mostly have pecheneges and kuman origin. There for they have mostly have green eyes and blonde hair comtemperary to other oghuz Türks in anatolia.
@sever8351 Yes it’s kipchak actualy. I translated it todays Turkish.
There still some villages in Turkey with the becenek, peçenek names.. ba-ca-nak means husband of sister- in law
Great job, subscribed!
incredibly thorough, love it!
I had not heard of the defeated remnants of the tribe being settled in Macedonia. I’m very interested as a descendent of Croatians who looked rather Asian.
Your haplogroup could be Q1b, at the island of Hırvatistan relict Turkic Genome lived. Nearly %5 of croat men
The Ottomans also settled many Tatar (Kara Tatar) tribes in the Balkans, beginning from the 14th century to 17th century, the remnants of Ilkhans and Timur's army in Anatolia. The Turkic dialect of Northern Macedonia and Kosova is a blend of Tatar (Kipchak) and southern Oghuz Turkish.
Avars
Not just that, we can go back to Hun Türks and probably even earlier where Turks have poured into europe. After Huns you had several other Turkish states as Onugurs, Kutrigur etc then Avars came to Europe and especially east and Balkans. Avars were Turks or mongols chased away by the Turks called Türk. Then you had Bulgars who were Turks not slaves and it continued that way until modern times.
Peçenek,a turkish tribe settled in Europe since 1000 years.An tribe of th oguz like the Kinik and the Kayi were the seljuks and the ottomans have their roots.❤ i am proud as Turkish for my heritage. The Magxars are indeed part of the Turkish world
🐺🤘🇹🇷🇦🇿🇰🇿🇰🇬🇹🇲🇺🇿🇭🇺🤘🐺
Kara means the Northern or Biggest one from the Hunnic tradition.
Could be but the first meaning is Black and then used as synonym fort North and so on.
Very interesting and enjoyable. Subscribed.
Excellent video, thanks i learning alot
Peçeneklerin batıya göç tarihi olarak verilen 744 yılı çok geç bir tarih.Doğu Roma 523 yılında incili Türkçeye çevirdiği tarih dikkate alınmalı.Peçenek ve Kumanların da aralarında bulunduğu Türk boyları 523 öncesi Doğu Romaya girmişlerdi.
İşlerine gelmez. Oğuzların 24 boyundan sadece biri olduğunu da söylemiyorlar, Türki bir grup deyip geçiyorlar, kimdir bu Peçenekler derken bu zamana kadar Kaşgarlı Mahmut'tan bir referans veren olmadı, malum ki orada Oğuz boy tasnifi detaylıca yazıyor ama bu video Oğuzları sanki etnos değil de dil tasnifi gibi vermiş, burada ufaktan bir çarpıtma var ve çok fazla da eksik var. O kaynakta boyların damgasını, isminin anlamını, ongununu falan da yazıyor mesela, sadece dil tasnifi yapmıyor, koca bir familyanın etnik tasnifini yapıyor. Tabii Avrupalılar pek dalmazlar bizdeki tarihi kaynaklara yoksa kafalarda çok soru işareti oluşur, sıradan halkın da detaylıca öğrenmesine müsaade edemezler. Tek başına Peçenek ve Kumanlar bile çok kalabalıktı, şimdi bunu izleyen sanıyor ki bunlar bir avuç adamdı, sonra bir şekilde yok oldu, buhar oldu, uçtu. Kendi etnosuyla ilişkisini anlaması çok zor.
how closely related are the pechnegs and the seljuks who spoke that same orguz language.
Yes, they are both of Oghuz origin. We modern day Turks of Anatolia descended from Oghuz tribes and lots of settlements across Anatolia today bear the names of various Oghuz tribes like: Bayındır, Bozok, Kayı, Yapar, Döğerlü...etc.
9:54 perhaps that is silly, but I cannot help but feel at odds with the way English historiographic tradition-and maybe Western European tradition overall-decided to equate the inhabitants of Rus with Russians. I understand why it did happen that way, after all the name of Russia is derivative of Rus, and ultimately this word did describe the whole of the territories of Rus and not what is now just the Russian Federation, but I am afraid that this tradition will continue to propagate the idea that Russia is the true inheritor of the legacy of the Rus (whatever this means) and the other East Slavic countries are just its younger cousins.
You are quite right, my use of 'Russians' here is not correct, and thank you for pointing out. I was using a rather antiquated translation of Constantine's 'De Administrando Imperio', in which the Rus were at times referred to as 'Russians'. This should of course be Rus, as calling them Russians really isn't correct!
@@JustAnotherHistoryChannel I have no problem with you using it, as for what I understand it is a direct quote from a translation that was done at the time when translating the Greek word for Rus as strictly “Russia” was customary. It’s just that I don’t expect a lot of people to be versed in these historiographical intricacies, so I have decided to vent how annoying it can be that this confusion persists.
so who are the true Ruses?
But that's exactly the case? Russian ruling dynasty up until Ivan IV and The Time of Troubles was part of Rurikovichi, who ruled Rus since it's inception. Russian state was built upon the idea of reunification of old Rus lands, some of which by that point were taken over by Poland-Lithuania (Belarus and historical Ukraine), but many still remained under legal rule of great knyaz (who's symbolic residence moved from Kiev first to Vladimir, then to Moscow). What is the reason NO to consider Russia a direct succesor of Rus?
@@JustAnotherHistoryChannelcalling them how they called themselves and how adjacent powers called them is incorrect? Political correctness is the plague of historical analysis.
At last ! A real history appears.
Thank you for covering obscure euro-asian ethnic groups. I have some knowledge of them since I lived near their historic areas in hungary etc. but even we often understand amercian history better than our own... pet alone the obsvure people of the past.
A few days ago I learned that there are pecheneg genes in my ancestry.
Thanks a lot for briefly explained video👍👏🤟🤘✊️
Anna komnena also comments that Scythians and Turks are the same people when mentioned , and a recommendation you should use more word '' Türk '' in your videos when making videos of Türk people , pechenegs are sub clan from Oghuz main clan of Turkish nation -(UZ-UZİ-UZİA- (for foreigners ALANİ-SARMATİ)
Peçenek tribe is an Oğuz from the start. They were not assimilated into Oğuz klan. It is documented under Üçoklar>Gökhan>Peçenek.
What you are saying is like "I bought majority partnership in my cousin's business and assimilated him into my father's family."
Two Pecheneg archeogenetic samples found from the Romania one him belongs Y haplogroup N-M178 and second one Y haplogroup G2a1
N-M178 is mostly Finnic, while G2a1 was main Hg of indigenous Gumelnitsa and Cucuteni cultures. West Pechenegs were mostly Vlachs.
@@ares1634 Great stupidity, you can't make Turkics Latin speakers
fantastic video, thank you!
I assume the "Turks" the Byzantines mention are the Magyars, am I right?
True, in the 10th century today's Hungary was called Turcia. See; de Administrando Imperio .
Finally something about the Besenyők
Great video.
The patzinak (which to me rhymed with "partisan") feature in the first novel I ever read: a Hungarian translation of Frans G. Bengtsson's "Röde Orm". Now that, was a terrific introduction for a little boy, to literature and history! Highly recommended, *sniff*.
Such a well done video.
Great video. New to your channel and subscribed.
Hmmmm....you fail to mention the Hungarian (magyar) sources on the "besenyők" (pechenegs) which clearly describe them as fearless raiders. Eventually, once the besenyők disintegrated, many fled into the Carpathian basin (the Hungarian Kingdom) and settled and established villages. One of my ancestors came from such a Pecheneg village.
This "Hor" tribe is a Tibetan word for all northern Tribes including Xianbei, Xiongnu and Northern Tibetan Tribes.
As things goes with nomadic people coming from the Eurasian steppe, we could have a country nowadays named Pechenegia somewhere between the Balkans and the Crimean Peninsula and nobody would bat an eye. Like the Bulgars made it after all but they were also hardly pressed and nearly whipped out. But alas the poor Pechenegs just banished from history... I find this notion interesting to say the least
Edit to say Im a new sub, hope your channel grows as it deserves. This was a really nice presentation
Great video, but some sources would be good
I only remember the Pechenegs because I read them in a loooong list of peoples who invaded the Byzantines. Sadly for them, they did it back when we were still strong enough to repel them.
This is FANTASTIC
March 1, 2024 - As a student of History, I've always been amazed at how complicated it is. The rise and fall of so many different civilizations, empires, and kingdoms, is astounding. The history taught in schools is like the contents of a pamphlet compared to an entire library filled with countless books. Sadly, even the important leaders and politicians of "First world" nations are next to totally ignorant about human history. This makes a lot of their policies, attempts at diplomacy, and understanding different cultures pathetic at best. Sadly, it has gotten to the point that current generations have very little knowledge of even modern history, and therefore are easily led and lied to. Thanks to the corruption of Western academia, members of several present generations are left to believe that history started with their birth.😢😟
Pecheneges are sub tribe of Oguz Turks , who also Turkish of Turkey, Turkmenistan, Azerbaycan ,Salur in china
Wouldn’t the land between the Volga & Ural Rivers be the Caspian steppe?
Wow you have made fantastic visuals and animations.. how did you do it? Is there a service that you use? I would like to do it here in California
Thank you. I really enjoyed this, due to my two semester courses of History of Russia. I wonder if the Pechenegs were the same people as the Polovtsi, who inhabited the area north of the Black Sea, perhaps at a different time.
They weren't. Polovtsy are another turkick tribe that replaced Pechenegs after the fall of the latter. Certainly some pechenegs probably joined them but overall it was different people.
P.S. the word Polovtsy isn't used in English, and the people are called either Cumans or Kipchaks.
Did Constantine write that treatise or was it ghost written do you think?
My man...I really appreciate your effort. But please let me to correct a few mistake you (or the historians) made while I'm still watching this...
PECH(Ç)ENEKS were not assimilated in OGHUZ (OĞUZ) TURKS ... They "were" one branch of OGHUZ TURKS... Just like KAYI, BEGTİLİ, AVŞAR etc... Peçenek language was actually TURKISH. Literally one tongue of the OĞUZ branch of the Turkish language.
KANGAR UNION was a Turkic state created by several different Turkic tribes including the (OĞUZ TURKS). It's name was coming from the word "KANGLI" literally means "People (TURKS) with wheeled carts". It was something like TURAN UNION. For example the famous TURKISH KANGAL DOGS were brought by the OĞUZ TURKS who lived there until the 1402 BATTLE of ANKARA.
BÖRÜ means "WOLF", SURU is "SARI" and it was referring the word SARI to mention the blonde TURKS. YES TURKS are CAUCASIAN and white. Most of the Ukrainian people are descendants of the CUMANS (KUMAN - BLONDE MEN in Turkish)
Also the BASIL II. The Bulgar Slayer literally settled 150000 Turks (30000) yurts into the Macedonian and Northern Greece regions of the Byzantines in order to repel another TURKIC group (BULGARS).
Where do I know?
I'm a f*cking OĞUZ TURK (whose ancestors lived in KANGAR UNION until 1402) from the KAYI-BEGTILLI tribes. We settled in Sivas-KANGAL in Anatolia. And PECHENEGS were our cousins.
Yes I can write and read Old Turkic Runic scripts. Like
"𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰃:𐰢𐰠𐰚-𐰃:𐱃𐰆𐰺𐰣:𐰢𐰼-𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰃𐰾𐱃𐰣𐰔:𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰃:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰆:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰇𐰔⸱ 𐰋𐰃𐰔:𐰚𐰃:𐰢𐰃𐰠𐰠𐱅𐰠𐰼𐰤:𐰤:𐰴𐰑𐰢𐰃:𐰋𐰀:𐰤:𐰆𐰞𐰽𐰆:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰭:𐰉𐱁𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰖𐰔! "
And yes we were the valiant and noble ones. But Ottomans pushed us away from the government when they focus on Islam more than Turkishness. So we came here alongside with the EMIR TIMUR in order to fight with them in 1402.
If you lived in 1402 you must be more than 600 years old. And you are the noble ones but the Ottomans pushed you away. Sounds more like megalomania and frustrations. So what does it mean to be noble anyway?
And by the way, the Cumans had and have less than 5% Turkic genes, the blonde ones were assimilated tribes on the way.
@ares1634 Gosh... What is Turkic genes? What is Greek genes? You are using it like if it's real. Dude. There is no such a thing as Turkic genes or Arabic genes or Slavic genes.. If you want to be an Eugenic fascist I'm gonna tell you, go watch the video of the one of the biggest geneologists "Prof. Dr. Spencer Wells's The Journey of Man - A Genetic Oddysey" documentary and research. You will see 40000 years ago whole your so called nations came from one Turkic man. Even his relatives living in Kazakhstan, his name is Niyazov... So in this case every gene you are looking for is Turkic gene... You Greeks are so ignorant and Anti-Turk due to this trying to be scientific but being an idiotic.
Pechenegs are from the Oghuz tribe that founded the Ottoman and Seljuk empires.
Манихейство было привнесено уйгурам в 763 г. Благодаря мощной поддержке уйгурских правителей оно быстро развивалось и вскоре стало государственной религией. После восстания Ань-Ши, поскольку уйгуры помогли Тану подавить восстание, манихеи смогли проповедовать в Китае при поддержке уйгуров. На пятом году правления династии Чэн (840 г. н. э.) уйгуры потерпели поражение и были вынуждены двинуться на запад. Манихейство, потерявшее своего покровителя, уже не пользовалось популярностью. На третьем году правления Хуэйчана (843 г. н. э.) оно было запрещено. императором Уцзуном династии Тан.После этого манихейство было перенесено на Центральные равнины.
The "ch" in Tocharian is pronounced like "k".
Viking halhall dizisindeki peceneklerin konuşmasinin yarisini anladim ben türküm.
Amazing content.
You know your horde was badass when a machine gun is named after your group
They are good to play in ck2
We have many villages established by Pechenegs in the South.