Single phase motor Starting, Running And Permanent Capacitor Value | Electrical Technician

Single-phase motor Capacitor Calculation Formula:
Start capacitors
Motor start capacitors are used during the motor startup phase and are disconnected from the circuit once the rotor reaches a predetermined speed, which is usually about 75% of the maximum speed for that motor type. These capacitors usually have capacitance values of over 70 µF. They come in various voltage ratings, depending on the application they were intended for.
Run capacitors
Some single phase AC motor designs use motor run capacitors, which are left connected to the auxiliary coil even after the start capacitor is disconnected by the centrifugal switch. These designs operate by creating a rotating magnetic field. Motor run capacitors are designed for continuous duty, and remain powered whenever the motor is powered, which is why electrolytic capacitors are avoided, and low-loss polymer capacitors are used instead. The capacitance value of run capacitors is usually lower than the capacitance of start capacitors, and is often in the range of 1.5 µF to 100 µF.
Choosing a wrong capacitance value for a motor can result in an uneven magnetic field, which can be observed as uneven motor rotation speed, especially under load. This can cause additional noise from the motor, performance drops and increased energy consumption, as well as additional heating, which can cause the motor to overheat.
Initially single phase motor needs little rotor push to rotate the rotor at the rated RPM. Selection of right capacitor for single-phase motor is really tough, it could lead to starting the motor or not.
The single-phase capacitance C(µF) in microfarad is equal to 1000 times the product of power P(W) in watts and efficiency η divided by the product of voltage V(V) in volts square and the frequency F(Hz).
The formula for calculating capacitor value is
C(µF) = (P x η x 1000) / (V x V x f)
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