Have you checked out my latest channel Business Blaze? It's interesting business stories with a dose of ridiculousness thrown in. Check it out here: ruclips.net/channel/UCYY5GWf7MHFJ6DZeHreoXgw
Catamarans were invented by the Polynesians, not by some Egyptologist's grandfather. I like your work, would you like me to proofread your scripts? (Not a serious offer but please fact check)
Stop using CE and BCE they make no sense. We go from BC to AD bc of Jesus birth. No other reason. Even if you dont believe in Jesus divinity if you have any sense at all you know he is a true historical figure. Stop giving into woke BS that makes no sense just bc of the hatred of Christianity. You are a historical channel act like one. This is coming from on of your biggest fans. Have literally seen 70-80% of your channels videos
@@thehammer800 calling it 'the year of our lord' is offensive both to the idea of freedom of religion and to the ten commandments, specifically taking the lord's name in vain. Some older Christian churches don't even use the same year. So, Common Era is used because not only do most religions not use the Gregorian calendar, but the date of Jesus' birth is disputed.
@Jens van roy I've never followed an Abrahamic religion and as a non-European the details of ecclesiastical Latin escape me. Basing the official naming convention for time on the assumption that Jesus was messiah is subtly offensive to all those who do not share that faith, as it implies everyone else is wrong - in law. It's normal, I'm not upset, but it's still something people need to stop doing. Oh wait, in more than half the world, it's not normal and they use Common Era.
@@pauliedibbs9028 very interesting point you bring up. Direct me to the hours of free content you put together for your subscribers so I can witness the true mastery of the English language in action! I am on pins and needles!
@@SkillTree I am in no way knocking the work itself, just the disclaimer. I am merely pointing out that if you are instead are putting the effort into trying to learn/pronounce the word in question, you will receive much more respect. I personally have grown to fluently speak 5 languages myself, one of them being English, and can assure you that I received my lickings as well. Thank you for being awesome, REGARDLESS, and much obliged.
@@pauliedibbs9028 the PSA is appreciated as is your earnest attempt to educate. Allow me to do my little part here and reciprocate by pointing out the particular bits I took issue with, for your reflection. First, the quote I pulled was not for a mispronunciation, but rather Simon honestly telling his audience that his understanding of the subject is tertiary at best. So your comment belies a bit of a harbored animosity. Next, this crew covers topics that are, at times, rather obscure and I am sure they run into all kinds of words that would otherwise be consideded jargon. Their unfamiliarity with them in no way represents a tenuous grasp on the language. Finally, contemplate that Simon takes all of this info, has lights and a camera pointed at him for 12 hours a day, and is expected to nail everything perfectly? I am not calling your motives into question, merely your prospective.
Simon Whistler's voice is so common place around our house that when our family were planning an invite list for a wedding recently, my dad wrote wrote his name down because he 'feels like part of the family'
I'm a palaeontologist but similar methods are used in geology for different reasons. I don't know the way the instrument works but the jist of it is most likely: go over the area by plane or boat, measure magnetic field strength and/or orientation across the area and map it out, look for anomalies (colour coding helps), investigate where you found anomalies. Since this mentioned the term magnetic resonance, I'd assume differing magnetic properties of building materials to influence the measurements. When we had our geophysics course, all methods used basically worked like this. Survey area, measure a property of the ground, find anomalies.
On the matter of osmosis damaging artifacts: Osmosis refers to the tendency of a solution containing more units of something on one side of some kind of semi-permeable (allowing limited exchange of molecules) membrane than on the other to seek to equalize that concentration. This can either happen by the solved substance seeping over to the side with lower concentration, or by the solvent moving onto the side where the concentration is higher. What exactly happens, depends on the membrane and the size of the solvent and solves substance. The speed at which the exchange happens depends on the difference in concentration, but it's not a linear dependency, but a logarithmic one: halving difference will for example reduce the speed of the osmotic process by a factor of 10, and a quarter would leave it at only 1% (these are not real numbers, just examples). In case of water containing salt, usually the dissolved ions are larger than the water molecules of water, either by sheer size of the atoms making up the salt, or due to the fact that the ions are hydrated, meaning they are surrounded by a shell of water molecules sticking to them, This means it is usually the water that passes through the membrane. For objects found in under water, the substance making up the object - stone, ceramics, wood, .. - is acting as the semi-permeable membrane: now, any pore containing salt water will have the water at ambient pressure - for something found under water this is already higher than air pressure. It took a long time for the water to seep in (and / or partially dissolve the matrix of the artifact) and it can't just drip out. This means that fresh water would flow into the pores, increasing the pressure further, ultimately to the breaking point, making the artifact crumble. Just immediately drying the object wouldn't work well either, as that would trap the salt within the artifact, making it grow into crystals. These would in turn make the object brittle and ablate at least their outer surface. The same effect you sometimes see in the cellar walls / foundations of houses. So the solution is to first reduce the salt concentration of the water soaking the object by the same osmotic process, but slowing it down by reducing the difference in concentration. While initially it'll be water seeping in, the salt will slowly dissipate out, too, reducing the concentration to a point where using fresh water in a second step will not damage the object. If necessary this could be done in more than just two steps, and each of the steps may take months of waiting.
@@scott3991 Seriously? Because somebody understands and can explain something you don't it's copy & paste? It can't be that they have an education you don't? Don't you ask yourself who would then write the source of the copy & paste?
As someone who has studied Underwater Archaeology and Egyptology, I must say this video is very well researched and accurate. I hope I will get to dive at Thonis Herakleion one day!
I've always had a fascination with lost cities, and this one caught my interest right away. Loving all this new content! As always, outstanding work, Simon.
Me too!! I love this new channel, they have a great team working on all of these videos. I could watch them all day! I just watched the one about the Russian prison, highly recommend!!
You you know the suken Roman city with Campaii Fregeri connection? How about kerch's claimed to alantis with it's code book and it also tells the conversation between Solon and that egyptian priest, about how ancient Hellenes went under water and how as well?
Without checking to see if anyone else has answered the magnetometer question, here's roughly how it works. NMR is a resonance phenomenon. Atomic nuclei "precess" like little spinning tops, and the frequency with which they precess is governed in part by the ambient magnetic field. That frequency can be measured by its resonance with electromagnetic waves -- when the frequency of the wave corresponds to the frequency of precession, you get a resonance effect -- a spike in the intensity of the EMF wave. Since the frequency of the precession is determined by the magnetic field, small variations of the magnetic field -- in this case the magnetic field of the earth as modified slightly by the objects on or under the seabed, will show up as variations in the resonance frequency, hence its use as a magnetometer. My degree is actually in Atmospheric Physics (University of Arizona, 1975), so I'm dredging up some 50-year-old memories here, but I'm reasonably certain this is a good description of the general way the thing works.
FWIW, the medical scanners known as MRIs - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Imager) - weren't always called that. When they were first introduced they were NMR machines, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Then name change was made because the word "nuclear" was not exactly loved by laypeople. Patients often had to be convinced that the machine was safe and some simply refused outright. NMR may not be a familiar term anymore, but chances are fairly good you've already encountered the technology.
If you intend to explore more sunken cities, consider the city of Adria, upon which Venice was constructed on, and from which the Adriatic Sea gets its name. Also Pavlopetri of the coast of Greece; at 5,000 years old, it's one of the oldest sudden cities in history.
@@pointlessopinion611 Simon could find Carmen San Diego, provided he gets enough Patreon support to make the video and someone else find her and posts about it online so he can report on it, assuming the provide enough evidence to the fact it is Carmen and not a hoax.
@@geographicstravel how do you have time to research and make so many great and pragmatic videos? I have a few video ideas of other important obscure history, but I can bearly keep up with my day job, bills, and school.
Simon whistler, host of Visualplitik en, Today i found out, biographics, toptenz and now geographics. One day, Simon will take over youtube. Nice video by the way
I love all those channels except Visualpolitik, he mentions Trump in nearly every video even when the orange idiot is only tangentially connected to the story at hand and it got a little old. Biographics is my favorite Whislter channel but that may soon change if he keeps these Geographic videos going.
There could be two more reasons why a lot of ancient texts don’t mention Thonis. One is the burning of the Library of Alexandria in 48 BC during the defense of the city from Ptolemy XIV by Julius Caesar on behalf of Cleopatra. Untold numbers of ancient major and minor texts were destroyed in that fire. The second was the sacking of Rome in 410 AD by Alaric and the Visigoths. While the Visigoths avoided raiding Christian holy places, they did take many noblemen houses and other important buildings probably destroying one-of-a-kind manuscripts in the process. Your quote about cities fading away can be applied to knowledge as well.
I saw the exhibition in Cincinnati several years ago. Some of those statues were so massive, it's amazing they raised them from the ocean. Definitely see it if you can.
I was privileged to attend a lecture by Franck Goddio and view many artifacts at the exhibition last autumn. This was truly one of the most spectacular archeological discoveries in recent years. Thank you for doing this video and I'm looking forward to seeing much more from this channel!
Man. Just imagine a city that was 1,600 years old. It's crazy to think how incredibly short our "modern" times really is. I mean, Damascus is still around. And they say that place has been continually inhabited for over 11,000 years. It would just be so surreal to be in a city with that kind of history to it. Walking down the same streets where countless other people had, centuries ago. Its a humbling thought. And i imagine an humbling experience, to boot.
people get way too nitpicky about pronouncing foreign words, _especially_ when your talking about dead languages or languages that are too distantly related to english to be easily pronounced like Japanese or Mandarin.
I live in Minneapolis and went to the Sunken City exhibit at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and my goodness was it overwhelmingly cool. These artifacts were being seen by eyes that were centuries old. I was filled with a reverence that transcends time. I hope we continue to discover more about the history of this sunken city. There has to be more!
Most other people actually do their own writing. Simon has a dozen writers, I think. Then he sits down and reads. And he apparently barely pays attention to what he's reading. Except for Business Blaze. Yet somehow manages to sound like he's an expert. Except when he mispronounces names and a few other words.
Thonis is also was known as Herakleion or Thonis-Heracleion and its one of the ancient Egypt cities you can visist in Assassin's Creed Origins game. In case someone is not familiar with it this game is amazingly historically accurate.
A million years ago I got a BA in Classical Studies. I even have had a decades long affection for Egyptology. I NEVER heard of Thonis. I HAD heard of Herakleion, that it was a city in Egypt, dedicated to a Sun god. I also knew of Goddio's work on Alexandria. But the discovery of two other "lost" cities, Canopus and Thonis, completely escaped me. Ancient Egypt never disappoints. Bless Franck Goddio and all who sail on him. Er...with him. ;)
Simon, Those “underwater balloons” as you called them are called “lift bags” by people that dive and recover objects. They are air tight bags that are taken under the water and air from scuba tanks (for small bags) or air pumped from the surface (for large bags) to inflate the bags exactly like a scuba BCE inflates to bring a diver to the surface. Yes you really made me laugh with that one! Underwater balloons! 😂
"Amun was a solar God, associated with the Sun with creation and power. Over the centuries its worship had grown to the point of _eclipsing_ many other deities." *I see what you did there!* 😉
Violent osmosis explanation Things like to remain neutral just like electricity wants to travel predictably you can predict how minerals such as salt will travel through a solution or from one particular place to another we have a name for this process we call itOsmosis. This process of neutralization between chemicals by putting the solution of salt water and freshwater around the artifact that has been submerged in salt water for the better part of 20 centuries the natural proclivity of the salt in the artifact will be pulled out by the freshwater as it wants to neutralize however because it is half salt the “pull” if you will , is not going to be as strong as if it were in pure freshwater in fact the effect of placing an object made of lime stone or many other materials that are porous that I’ve been submerged in a very salt drink solution for 20 centuries and then placing it in a solution with no salt will cause the salt to violently stabilize which could damage the artifact as this occurs
This is just so damn good! I’m obsessed by ancient Egypt bc we know an incredible amount and yet there is so much more. It’s a mystical beautiful culture intelligent and epically successful, so fascinating...I’m having a nerdgasm. Thank you for that, I need a smoke
I am so in awe of how much content Simon is involved in and how active he is on social media! I only work 8-5 and still can't be bothered to answer messages. Does the man sleep?? Side bar- Love the content as always.
@@geographicstravel But I thought that you and all of your shipmates on the USS Discovery went 930 years forward in time, not back! Star Trek Discovery reference. 😉
If you try to remove the salt from the stone too quickly, the process could cause the surface of the stone to disintegrate. By making the water half as salty, you slow the process down and protect the artifacts surface.
richard bidinger I was going to say something similar due to Simon asking about how osmosis works! When I heard that the one wall was made of limestone, I was shocked that it hadn't crumbled away prior to the discovery.
The violent osmosis thing. water with dissolved minerals in it is more dense than fresh water, permeable objects soaked in salt water will be filled with salt water. Once submerged in fresh water the salt water minerals in the objects will have a pressure from inside pushing out as the minerals moves to disperse into the fresh water. This can rip the object from the inside out as the salt and minerals escape into fresh water. Half salt water mix slows this down.
Here's a thought, what if most of the records of Thonis/Herakleion were stored in the Great Library of Alexandria and subsequently lost like many other ancient records and texts during the great fire that destroyed the library?
@@jevicci good question. We really don't know. Claims go from Sudan to Sri Lanka. It is a crazy story given that we know quiet a lot for a place nobody ever thought mark on a map.
90% of the reason i enjoy Assassins Creed i just wandering around exploring. I spent countless hours in #2 and #3 just fighting random people and wandering around the cities and I never even finished Blag Flag because i had so much fun sailing.
that place has so many interesting facets, it's arguably the greatest palace on earth even if alot of stuff was pillaged over the centuries, sold off to pay debts, or destroyed during the revolutions. There's a reason that Wilhelm was made an emperor there and why WW1 ended in the hall of mirrors. If WW2 had ended with a treaty instead of the allies just tearing Germany apart like a pack of wild dogs, I'd bet the treaty would be signed there as well.
@@norgepalm7315 Nazi Germany sympathizer? How so? I said the palace of Versailles is amazing and if Germany had signed a peace treaty like they did in WW1 rather than fighting to the end (you know, after making everyone rather angry with the whole genocide thing). In WW1 you see, before the nazis took power, the germans were beaten back and nearly broken but came to the bargaining table rather than fight to the end, so they at least had a bargaining chip to play and so were at least able to surrender as a mostly sovereign country, so the allies had them sign it at Versailles as a play on the franco-prussian war peace agreement where the germans beat the French and made the french sign the agreement in the hall of mirrors in Versailles that not only ended the war but also made the Prussian king into the German emperor and made germany a country rather than a confederation. In ancient times a castle or city that wouldnt surrender while under siege wouldnt be given the option of surrendering and would be raped at pillaged, the longer they fought on the less restrained the besiegers would be. In WW2 the germans fought to the end and committed more than a few war crimes during the invasion of Germany, including killing off entire POW and concentration camps. When the allies finally took control of germany, germany was no longer even capable of negotiating as a country as the entire government had fallen apart, so the allies tore germany apart, each governing a sector until Germany could be rebuilt at a later date, which would up taking a few decades and in the mean time they enforced their will on Germany. Also if I were a sympathizer it would be more accurate to say I were a "Nazi sympathizer" since most modern germans and many germans of the time made a distinction between Germany and the Nazis, even when the nazis seized power they only had about a third of the vote so many germans didnt view themselves as nazis. The nazi ideology went beyond just mindless racism, it was a racist party but it was still a political party with a political ideology. They were a far right, nationalistic, socialist party and just like most countries not everyone willingly votes for 1 party and not everyone is left wing or 100%, right wing, much less all on one far extreme like the far right. So its important to most people to distinguish between Germany and the nazis. I would be a NAZI sympathizer, not a nazi germany sympathizer.
@@arthas640 just thought I'd say I read it, an found it quite interesting. Unfortunately there's no cures for narrow mindedness an water bear seams to be so.
No, it is a purely Egyptian city that was the way of entry into egypt by sea. The only reason for the similarity in name is due to the relation to herakles that both cities have.
Chemist here. Violent osmosis? Osmosis refers to the tendency of dissolved material to travel from areas of high concentration to low concentration. If the artifacts, which were presumably saturated with seawater, and therefore salt, immersing the artifact in pure freshwater would have caused all that salt to try and move into the freshwater, possibly damaging the artifact as it did so. Imagine tiny streams of saltwater pouring out of every crack and pore. It could have caused serious damage to already fragile artifacts. By using a seawater-freshwater mix, the equilibrium is established on a much slower scale, minimizing the damage.
As to how/why this city was forgotten, I thought maybe all records of this beautiful city burned with everything else when the Library of Alexandria burned. Alas, it isn't likely as the fire was in 48 B.C. This was a truly fascinating video. Thanks so much for the information! Speaking of the Library of Alexandria...is this a subject you may cover? My apologies if the video has already been done; I have a terrible memory!
Actually it was more like the Fires of the Libraries of Alexandria. The last one was in 640AD when the Caliph Omar of Egypt used the books in the library as fuel for the bathhouses for two years.
Basically desalination is moving salt from a higher concentration to a lower. If you'd rather moving any salt from the find to the surrounding water. In order to stop massive corrosion of the find and easier for further study in the long run.
History repeats itself. Makes you wonder how people in the future will talk about us. Will your city fade into oblivion? Or rather... WHAT will be remembered from our time spent on this Earth?
Perhaps a tad pedantic on my part to mention it, the catamaran is a vessel of ancient origins. Even if we fail to credit all of the forgotten polynesian and samoan ancestors and their well documented multi-hull adventures worthy of being recognition. there is still William Petty in 1662, or perhaps Mayflower F. Crisp who had one built in burma, and what of "Amaryllis" designed by famed navel architect and boat designer Nathanael Herreshoff. Who on account of his design caused sail racing to disallow multihulls from competition until 1970.
Pseudo chemist here! Basically, salt affects the way water interacts with other objects/substances. Think of how a fresh water fish would die in the ocean due to its cells not being able to recieve/dispose of water correctly. Love the new channel! Hope to see more great content soon!!
Osmosis is alot like the RUclips comments section: you want to be as salty as the other people. If you're too salty then you're a troll and everyone will call you a nutter, if you're not salty enough they'll tear you apart like a pack of wild dogs. You need to balance things out.
@Geographics. Very interesting as always thanks Simon, but, can you please tell me where the image of the wall was taken, the picture used for the title "The teaching of Thonis" at 17:17 ? Cheers
Simon, you and your Team deserve a LOT of credit because I firmly believe you guys are one of the top educational programs on RUclips. I don't just mean this channel either. All of your Channels are loaded with useful/interesting information, and cover a wide variety of topics, which is really awesome. I know that I'm not alone in my appreciation for you guys busting your butts to bring us all of the different channels, and the speed with which you do :). I just want to say Thank You very much for all of the hard work you put into everything you do :)!
The ancient Egyptians did not have gods or goddesses, and their practices weren't considered part of a religion. It was a lifestyle and a school of thought. Scholars gave them those titles because it's the closest equivalent their perspectives could understand. Rather, these beings are called the Netjeru, and they are considered celestial beings from other planets and dimensions, but the ancient Egyptians did not at all consider them "gods." Also, ancient Egypt was actually called Kemet. -- Fascinating underwater discovery, though! ♡
Always loved biographics but this channel is next level, learning about different places is so interesting. Never heard of this place before but this was so interesting, great video! Also I love how the editing is the same style as the biographics channel
There is a google smudge 15x40 miles out in the ocean between virgina beach and kill devil hills. Somebody needs to go take a look. its a fairly consistent 100 feet deep
Simon I love ALL your channels and the content on them but dude how do you keep up with producing so much great content without having a fatigue meltdown? You are so metal!!!
Congratulations for this video and this great channel. If I could make a suggestion for a place, I would like to see notorious Auschwitz Concentration Camp, and the history about the infamy that was committed there.
Have you checked out my latest channel Business Blaze? It's interesting business stories with a dose of ridiculousness thrown in. Check it out here:
ruclips.net/channel/UCYY5GWf7MHFJ6DZeHreoXgw
I enjoy all of your channels. Topical, informative and easy to listen to with the right amount of humour :)
Catamarans were invented by the Polynesians, not by some Egyptologist's grandfather.
I like your work, would you like me to proofread your scripts? (Not a serious offer but please fact check)
Stop using CE and BCE they make no sense. We go from BC to AD bc of Jesus birth. No other reason. Even if you dont believe in Jesus divinity if you have any sense at all you know he is a true historical figure. Stop giving into woke BS that makes no sense just bc of the hatred of Christianity. You are a historical channel act like one. This is coming from on of your biggest fans. Have literally seen 70-80% of your channels videos
@@thehammer800 calling it 'the year of our lord' is offensive both to the idea of freedom of religion and to the ten commandments, specifically taking the lord's name in vain.
Some older Christian churches don't even use the same year. So, Common Era is used because not only do most religions not use the Gregorian calendar, but the date of Jesus' birth is disputed.
@Jens van roy I've never followed an Abrahamic religion and as a non-European the details of ecclesiastical Latin escape me. Basing the official naming convention for time on the assumption that Jesus was messiah is subtly offensive to all those who do not share that faith, as it implies everyone else is wrong - in law. It's normal, I'm not upset, but it's still something people need to stop doing.
Oh wait, in more than half the world, it's not normal and they use Common Era.
"If I sounded convincing reading that, then I did a good job because I have no idea what that's talking about" 🤣 love the little Simon breaks.
Skill Tree meh, I’m growing tired of hearing the apology for mispronunciations. Please spend that time instead learning the proper pronunciation!
@@pauliedibbs9028 very interesting point you bring up. Direct me to the hours of free content you put together for your subscribers so I can witness the true mastery of the English language in action! I am on pins and needles!
@@SkillTree I am in no way knocking the work itself, just the disclaimer. I am merely pointing out that if you are instead are putting the effort into trying to learn/pronounce the word in question, you will receive much more respect. I personally have grown to fluently speak 5 languages myself, one of them being English, and can assure you that I received my lickings as well. Thank you for being awesome, REGARDLESS, and much obliged.
@@pauliedibbs9028 the PSA is appreciated as is your earnest attempt to educate. Allow me to do my little part here and reciprocate by pointing out the particular bits I took issue with, for your reflection. First, the quote I pulled was not for a mispronunciation, but rather Simon honestly telling his audience that his understanding of the subject is tertiary at best. So your comment belies a bit of a harbored animosity. Next, this crew covers topics that are, at times, rather obscure and I am sure they run into all kinds of words that would otherwise be consideded jargon. Their unfamiliarity with them in no way represents a tenuous grasp on the language. Finally, contemplate that Simon takes all of this info, has lights and a camera pointed at him for 12 hours a day, and is expected to nail everything perfectly? I am not calling your motives into question, merely your prospective.
@@SkillTree as said, there is no slight on my part but I can see how one might feel offended. Animosity? Not here, my friend.
Simon Whistler's voice is so common place around our house that when our family were planning an invite list for a wedding recently, my dad wrote wrote his name down because he 'feels like part of the family'
:D amazing
@@geographicstravel you should have gotten an invite
My 10 year old walks into the room and says, " Simon again" while rolling his eyes and emphasizing again!
@@Coffee4two2008 My 9 year old asked me if I have a crush on Simon. At the time it made me laugh, then it made me wonder... lol
Same, i follow all his channels and watch all the videos. My wife now uses his voice to fall asleep to because its “British and calming” 😂
*Looks for physicists in the comments* 👀
Are there any??
@@SkywalkerSamadhi im a theoretical physicist.
You'll probably have more luck finding people who saw a SciShow video that one time.
@CMDR BouncyStickman both.
I'm a palaeontologist but similar methods are used in geology for different reasons. I don't know the way the instrument works but the jist of it is most likely: go over the area by plane or boat, measure magnetic field strength and/or orientation across the area and map it out, look for anomalies (colour coding helps), investigate where you found anomalies.
Since this mentioned the term magnetic resonance, I'd assume differing magnetic properties of building materials to influence the measurements.
When we had our geophysics course, all methods used basically worked like this. Survey area, measure a property of the ground, find anomalies.
On the matter of osmosis damaging artifacts:
Osmosis refers to the tendency of a solution containing more units of something on one side of some kind of semi-permeable (allowing limited exchange of molecules) membrane than on the other to seek to equalize that concentration. This can either happen by the solved substance seeping over to the side with lower concentration, or by the solvent moving onto the side where the concentration is higher. What exactly happens, depends on the membrane and the size of the solvent and solves substance.
The speed at which the exchange happens depends on the difference in concentration, but it's not a linear dependency, but a logarithmic one: halving difference will for example reduce the speed of the osmotic process by a factor of 10, and a quarter would leave it at only 1% (these are not real numbers, just examples).
In case of water containing salt, usually the dissolved ions are larger than the water molecules of water, either by sheer size of the atoms making up the salt, or due to the fact that the ions are hydrated, meaning they are surrounded by a shell of water molecules sticking to them,
This means it is usually the water that passes through the membrane.
For objects found in under water, the substance making up the object - stone, ceramics, wood, .. - is acting as the semi-permeable membrane: now, any pore containing salt water will have the water at ambient pressure - for something found under water this is already higher than air pressure. It took a long time for the water to seep in (and / or partially dissolve the matrix of the artifact) and it can't just drip out. This means that fresh water would flow into the pores, increasing the pressure further, ultimately to the breaking point, making the artifact crumble.
Just immediately drying the object wouldn't work well either, as that would trap the salt within the artifact, making it grow into crystals. These would in turn make the object brittle and ablate at least their outer surface. The same effect you sometimes see in the cellar walls / foundations of houses.
So the solution is to first reduce the salt concentration of the water soaking the object by the same osmotic process, but slowing it down by reducing the difference in concentration. While initially it'll be water seeping in, the salt will slowly dissipate out, too, reducing the concentration to a point where using fresh water in a second step will not damage the object. If necessary this could be done in more than just two steps, and each of the steps may take months of waiting.
roaxeskhadil thank you for that excellent explanation!
Nice copy and paste job dude
@@scott3991 Seriously? Because somebody understands and can explain something you don't it's copy & paste? It can't be that they have an education you don't? Don't you ask yourself who would then write the source of the copy & paste?
THANK YOU for such a diligent treatment of the topic
spot on
As someone who has studied Underwater Archaeology and Egyptology, I must say this video is very well researched and accurate. I hope I will get to dive at Thonis Herakleion one day!
I hope you get the chance to follow that great someday.
Herakleion is on crete
👏
Absolutely loving the opening The Little Mermaid quote!
We have creative writers!
@@geographicstravel One of your writers is a Jamaican Lobster?
@@susanrobinson910 They all are.
@@geographicstravel 🤣
the quote is actually incorrect... the actual line is " we got the spirit, you got to hear it"
Only two videos in, but this is rapidly becoming my fave channel! Great job presenting fascinating content! 😊
I had a great binge watch session after I discovered this. Have fun!
Make sure you check out biographics too
Hey beautiful
I love his channels. His voice is so calm, I listen to his videos to put me to sleep. Definitely better than white noise.....and educational..BONUS
I've always had a fascination with lost cities, and this one caught my interest right away. Loving all this new content!
As always, outstanding work, Simon.
Me too!! I love this new channel, they have a great team working on all of these videos. I could watch them all day! I just watched the one about the Russian prison, highly recommend!!
That was a good one too! Gah, this channel. I can't get enough!
Fascinating as ever! Great work, Simon.
Can you please do a video on Dwaraka, another lost maritime city, from the western coast of India? -Thanks!!
You you know the suken Roman city with Campaii Fregeri connection? How about kerch's claimed to alantis with it's code book and it also tells the conversation between Solon and that egyptian priest, about how ancient Hellenes went under water and how as well?
TARTARIA!!
Without checking to see if anyone else has answered the magnetometer question, here's roughly how it works. NMR is a resonance phenomenon. Atomic nuclei "precess" like little spinning tops, and the frequency with which they precess is governed in part by the ambient magnetic field. That frequency can be measured by its resonance with electromagnetic waves -- when the frequency of the wave corresponds to the frequency of precession, you get a resonance effect -- a spike in the intensity of the EMF wave. Since the frequency of the precession is determined by the magnetic field, small variations of the magnetic field -- in this case the magnetic field of the earth as modified slightly by the objects on or under the seabed, will show up as variations in the resonance frequency, hence its use as a magnetometer.
My degree is actually in Atmospheric Physics (University of Arizona, 1975), so I'm dredging up some 50-year-old memories here, but I'm reasonably certain this is a good description of the general way the thing works.
Bro this is a pretty great explaination thank you! 🙏
FWIW, the medical scanners known as MRIs - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Imager) - weren't always called that. When they were first introduced they were NMR machines, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Then name change was made because the word "nuclear" was not exactly loved by laypeople. Patients often had to be convinced that the machine was safe and some simply refused outright.
NMR may not be a familiar term anymore, but chances are fairly good you've already encountered the technology.
@@bobdobbolina8376 Absolutely correct. Those machines are scary enough as it is without worrying about nuclear radiation LOL!
If you intend to explore more sunken cities, consider the city of Adria, upon which Venice was constructed on, and from which the Adriatic Sea gets its name. Also Pavlopetri of the coast of Greece; at 5,000 years old, it's one of the oldest sudden cities in history.
Simon: the man who could easily find Carmen San Diego
Listen up Gumshoe dont get ahead of yourself.
@@pointlessopinion611 Simon could find Carmen San Diego, provided he gets enough Patreon support to make the video and someone else find her and posts about it online so he can report on it, assuming the provide enough evidence to the fact it is Carmen and not a hoax.
He probably knows Where Waldo is.
@@mariakelly5 and Wally
@@thewhovianhippo7103
And Wenda
I love being here right from the start. It’s like my own a secret channel
Don’t let it be a secret for long. Spread the word.
@@geographicstravel
how do you have time to research and make so many great and pragmatic videos? I have a few video ideas of other important obscure history, but I can bearly keep up with my day job, bills, and school.
Is Simon actually a lizard man? How many damn channels does he have?
@@jarehelt credits are given in the description.
@@jarehelt researchers and simon is just the of face of the channel.
Simon whistler, host of Visualplitik en, Today i found out, biographics, toptenz and now geographics. One day, Simon will take over youtube. Nice video by the way
"One day"? I think you're late.
;D
You forgot Biographics!
I, for one, welcome our new bald overlord.
I love all those channels except Visualpolitik, he mentions Trump in nearly every video even when the orange idiot is only tangentially connected to the story at hand and it got a little old. Biographics is my favorite Whislter channel but that may soon change if he keeps these Geographic videos going.
Violent osmosis: Osmosis that fights others just caus it doesn’t agree with your ion ratio.
There could be two more reasons why a lot of ancient texts don’t mention Thonis. One is the burning of the Library of Alexandria in 48 BC during the defense of the city from Ptolemy XIV by Julius Caesar on behalf of Cleopatra. Untold numbers of ancient major and minor texts were destroyed in that fire. The second was the sacking of Rome in 410 AD by Alaric and the Visigoths. While the Visigoths avoided raiding Christian holy places, they did take many noblemen houses and other important buildings probably destroying one-of-a-kind manuscripts in the process. Your quote about cities fading away can be applied to knowledge as well.
I saw the exhibition in Cincinnati several years ago. Some of those statues were so massive, it's amazing they raised them from the ocean. Definitely see it if you can.
5:18 LOL! Simon... always so charming, honest and funny! Makes us love you all the more.😉❤👍🏻
I was privileged to attend a lecture by Franck Goddio and view many artifacts at the exhibition last autumn. This was truly one of the most spectacular archeological discoveries in recent years. Thank you for doing this video and I'm looking forward to seeing much more from this channel!
12:45
Geo: “the sun gods worship began to eclipse other deities”
Me: “heh. Eclipse”
1:20 - Chapter 1 - A slumber of a twelve centuries
3:30 - Chapter 2 - Franck Goddio
6:35 - Chapter 3 - Underwater archeology
8:45 - Chapter 4 - Hunter of lost cities
12:00 - Chapter 5 - A venice of the nile
14:40 - Chapter 6 - Disappearance of thonis
17:20 - Chapter 7 - The teaching of thonis
Man. Just imagine a city that was 1,600 years old. It's crazy to think how incredibly short our "modern" times really is.
I mean, Damascus is still around. And they say that place has been continually inhabited for over 11,000 years.
It would just be so surreal to be in a city with that kind of history to it. Walking down the same streets where countless other people had, centuries ago. Its a humbling thought. And i imagine an humbling experience, to boot.
Two videos and I'm hooked. As for your pronunciations or mispronounciation, don't sweat it. Nobody is perfect. Please keep up your excellent work.
people get way too nitpicky about pronouncing foreign words, _especially_ when your talking about dead languages or languages that are too distantly related to english to be easily pronounced like Japanese or Mandarin.
@@arthas640 thank you it's tomayto tomaato
Mr. Whistler I'd love to see you do a video on the Isle of Tortuga and its history of 17th century piracy
Your wish was granted I see 🤣
Great new channel cheers ya boldy bearded glasses gem.
Much love
what the hell, how many channels is this guy involved with?
I have seven channels total.
@@geographicstravel I knew it. I KNEW IT!
@The Muckler Geographics, Biographics, Megaprojects, Highlight History, Today I Found Out, TopTenz, and Business Blaze.
@@geographicstravel 😂😂😂😂 YESSSS
And now side projects
Please do a video on The Library at Alexandria! Love your videos!
I live in Minneapolis and went to the Sunken City exhibit at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and my goodness was it overwhelmingly cool. These artifacts were being seen by eyes that were centuries old. I was filled with a reverence that transcends time. I hope we continue to discover more about the history of this sunken city. There has to be more!
Hey beautiful
Wow Simon, I'm pretty sure you are the hardest working man on RUclips! Love the work you do! Don't ever stop!
Are you naive enough to think Simon runs every single one of the channels he hosts? Simpleton.
Most other people actually do their own writing. Simon has a dozen writers, I think. Then he sits down and reads. And he apparently barely pays attention to what he's reading. Except for Business Blaze. Yet somehow manages to sound like he's an expert. Except when he mispronounces names and a few other words.
@@toddnolastname4485 simply putting your book chapter long comment.
He is a good story teller.
Thonis is also was known as Herakleion or Thonis-Heracleion and its one of the ancient Egypt cities you can visist in Assassin's Creed Origins game. In case someone is not familiar with it this game is amazingly historically accurate.
A million years ago I got a BA in Classical Studies. I even have had a decades long affection for Egyptology. I NEVER heard of Thonis. I HAD heard of Herakleion, that it was a city in Egypt, dedicated to a Sun god. I also knew of Goddio's work on Alexandria. But the discovery of two other "lost" cities, Canopus and Thonis, completely escaped me. Ancient Egypt never disappoints. Bless Franck Goddio and all who sail on him. Er...with him. ;)
Sounds like alot of sub surface structures don't get much coverage, I think it's safe to say they are tons of em.
Hey beautiful
"inventor of catamaran", you mean that thing used by the Austronesian peoples since the BCE times.. where are your royalties, capitalists
Thanks, was looking for this comment.
Simon,
Those “underwater balloons” as you called them are called “lift bags” by people that dive and recover objects. They are air tight bags that are taken under the water and air from scuba tanks (for small bags) or air pumped from the surface (for large bags) to inflate the bags exactly like a scuba BCE inflates to bring a diver to the surface. Yes you really made me laugh with that one! Underwater balloons! 😂
"Amun was a solar God, associated with the Sun with creation and power. Over the centuries its worship had grown to the point of _eclipsing_ many other deities." *I see what you did there!* 😉
I missed that one! LOL! I need more caffeine!
How the bloody hell do you guys (and gals) make so many videos. Not only that they're all quality vids. Really cool man.
Talk really fast without breathing it seems
When you already follow all the rest of Simon’s channels so this new one gets recommended and realize “He’s got a new channel!”
Hey beautiful
Violent osmosis explanation
Things like to remain neutral just like electricity wants to travel predictably you can predict how minerals such as salt will travel through a solution or from one particular place to another we have a name for this process we call itOsmosis. This process of neutralization between chemicals by putting the solution of salt water and freshwater around the artifact that has been submerged in salt water for the better part of 20 centuries the natural proclivity of the salt in the artifact will be pulled out by the freshwater as it wants to neutralize however because it is half salt the “pull” if you will , is not going to be as strong as if it were in pure freshwater in fact the effect of placing an object made of lime stone or many other materials that are porous that I’ve been submerged in a very salt drink solution for 20 centuries and then placing it in a solution with no salt will cause the salt to violently stabilize which could damage the artifact as this occurs
Sorry for typos hope this helps
Great stuff! Thank you
These comments are why i love youtube as a platform as i tend to learn just as much from these types of comments as i do from the videos itself.
This is just so damn good! I’m obsessed by ancient Egypt bc we know an incredible amount and yet there is so much more. It’s a mystical beautiful culture intelligent and epically successful, so fascinating...I’m having a nerdgasm. Thank you for that, I need a smoke
The Simon Whistler pronunciation is always official as far as I'm concerned
Really enjoy your content, but could you include Some more maps since it is content About a loaction
My thoughts exactly!!!
I have to admit that on an iPhone 7 I found the Nile River Delta Map very difficult to read.
I am so in awe of how much content Simon is involved in and how active he is on social media! I only work 8-5 and still can't be bothered to answer messages. Does the man sleep??
Side bar- Love the content as always.
No need for sleep. I'm a robot sent from the future ;). And thank you.
@@geographicstravel But I thought that you and all of your shipmates on the USS Discovery went 930 years forward in time, not back! Star Trek Discovery reference. 😉
The quote from the little mermaid in the beginning made me laughing so hard with how deadpan simon said it.
Simon. To my family and I, you ARE youtube.
Absolutely awesome! Good stuff, y'all! I've always been obsessed with lost cities and ancient cultures. :)
Love Biographics and this channel has got off to a great start
This is everything I wanted in a chain of channels History & Geography.
Stop making channels, I'm already subscribed to all of the ones you make. I got to give other youtubs a chance😝
Keep em coming 👍
Simon. You mad lad. HOW DO YOU HAVE TIME FOR ALL OF THESE
I am a mad lad. That's how.
If you try to remove the salt from the stone too quickly, the process could cause the surface of the stone to disintegrate. By making the water half as salty, you slow the process down and protect the artifacts surface.
richard bidinger I was going to say something similar due to Simon asking about how osmosis works! When I heard that the one wall was made of limestone, I was shocked that it hadn't crumbled away prior to the discovery.
richard bidinger no it not that it’s the salt itself that has destroyed things as salt water is one of the worst most common corrosive agents
The violent osmosis thing. water with dissolved minerals in it is more dense than fresh water, permeable objects soaked in salt water will be filled with salt water. Once submerged in fresh water the salt water minerals in the objects will have a pressure from inside pushing out as the minerals moves to disperse into the fresh water. This can rip the object from the inside out as the salt and minerals escape into fresh water. Half salt water mix slows this down.
Here's a thought, what if most of the records of Thonis/Herakleion were stored in the Great Library of Alexandria and subsequently lost like many other ancient records and texts during the great fire that destroyed the library?
The spoken-word recitation of Under the Sea is on point 👍
I am a simple gal. I see Simon Whistler has a new channel; I hit subscribe
Just discovered this channel and already in love with it :)
You should explore the mystery of Punt Land in an upcoming video.
That's Ethiopia, right?
@@jevicci good question. We really don't know. Claims go from Sudan to Sri Lanka. It is a crazy story given that we know quiet a lot for a place nobody ever thought mark on a map.
You can explore Herakleon in Assassin Creed Origins. Fun times.
Origins was fantastic, even without the main storyline and gameplay, if only for the educational aspects.
90% of the reason i enjoy Assassins Creed i just wandering around exploring. I spent countless hours in #2 and #3 just fighting random people and wandering around the cities and I never even finished Blag Flag because i had so much fun sailing.
Do it Simon. It will give you a reason to "research" how historically accurate the game is.
Your team should do the Palace of Versailles.
that place has so many interesting facets, it's arguably the greatest palace on earth even if alot of stuff was pillaged over the centuries, sold off to pay debts, or destroyed during the revolutions. There's a reason that Wilhelm was made an emperor there and why WW1 ended in the hall of mirrors. If WW2 had ended with a treaty instead of the allies just tearing Germany apart like a pack of wild dogs, I'd bet the treaty would be signed there as well.
@@arthas640 lmao nazi Germany sympathizer
@@norgepalm7315
Nazi Germany sympathizer? How so? I said the palace of Versailles is amazing and if Germany had signed a peace treaty like they did in WW1 rather than fighting to the end (you know, after making everyone rather angry with the whole genocide thing). In WW1 you see, before the nazis took power, the germans were beaten back and nearly broken but came to the bargaining table rather than fight to the end, so they at least had a bargaining chip to play and so were at least able to surrender as a mostly sovereign country, so the allies had them sign it at Versailles as a play on the franco-prussian war peace agreement where the germans beat the French and made the french sign the agreement in the hall of mirrors in Versailles that not only ended the war but also made the Prussian king into the German emperor and made germany a country rather than a confederation.
In ancient times a castle or city that wouldnt surrender while under siege wouldnt be given the option of surrendering and would be raped at pillaged, the longer they fought on the less restrained the besiegers would be. In WW2 the germans fought to the end and committed more than a few war crimes during the invasion of Germany, including killing off entire POW and concentration camps. When the allies finally took control of germany, germany was no longer even capable of negotiating as a country as the entire government had fallen apart, so the allies tore germany apart, each governing a sector until Germany could be rebuilt at a later date, which would up taking a few decades and in the mean time they enforced their will on Germany.
Also if I were a sympathizer it would be more accurate to say I were a "Nazi sympathizer" since most modern germans and many germans of the time made a distinction between Germany and the Nazis, even when the nazis seized power they only had about a third of the vote so many germans didnt view themselves as nazis. The nazi ideology went beyond just mindless racism, it was a racist party but it was still a political party with a political ideology. They were a far right, nationalistic, socialist party and just like most countries not everyone willingly votes for 1 party and not everyone is left wing or 100%, right wing, much less all on one far extreme like the far right. So its important to most people to distinguish between Germany and the nazis. I would be a NAZI sympathizer, not a nazi germany sympathizer.
@@arthas640 no one is reading your nazi memoir you freak
@@arthas640 just thought I'd say I read it, an found it quite interesting. Unfortunately there's no cures for narrow mindedness an water bear seams to be so.
Curious if this Heraklion is a Colony of Heraklion on Crete? Both have been devastated by Tsunamis too
Me too
No, it is a purely Egyptian city that was the way of entry into egypt by sea. The only reason for the similarity in name is due to the relation to herakles that both cities have.
Chemist here. Violent osmosis? Osmosis refers to the tendency of dissolved material to travel from areas of high concentration to low concentration. If the artifacts, which were presumably saturated with seawater, and therefore salt, immersing the artifact in pure freshwater would have caused all that salt to try and move into the freshwater, possibly damaging the artifact as it did so. Imagine tiny streams of saltwater pouring out of every crack and pore. It could have caused serious damage to already fragile artifacts. By using a seawater-freshwater mix, the equilibrium is established on a much slower scale, minimizing the damage.
Clear and concise. Thanks.
As to how/why this city was forgotten, I thought maybe all records of this beautiful city burned with everything else when the Library of Alexandria burned. Alas, it isn't likely as the fire was in 48 B.C.
This was a truly fascinating video. Thanks so much for the information!
Speaking of the Library of Alexandria...is this a subject you may cover? My apologies if the video has already been done; I have a terrible memory!
Actually it was more like the Fires of the Libraries of Alexandria. The last one was in 640AD when the Caliph Omar of Egypt used the books in the library as fuel for the bathhouses for two years.
Every time he says Canopus my eyes happen to be away from the screen and I hear cannabis. Maybe it's time I quit quitting weed. Kinda miss it.
Basically desalination is moving salt from a higher concentration to a lower. If you'd rather moving any salt from the find to the surrounding water. In order to stop massive corrosion of the find and easier for further study in the long run.
History repeats itself. Makes you wonder how people in the future will talk about us. Will your city fade into oblivion? Or rather... WHAT will be remembered from our time spent on this Earth?
I've subscribed to all your channels! I feel like I've finally found the history teacher I've always wanted but never had. Thank you so much!
Perhaps a tad pedantic on my part to mention it, the catamaran is a vessel of ancient origins. Even if we fail to credit all of the forgotten polynesian and samoan ancestors and their well documented multi-hull adventures worthy of being recognition. there is still William Petty in 1662, or perhaps Mayflower F. Crisp who had one built in burma, and what of "Amaryllis" designed by famed navel architect and boat designer Nathanael Herreshoff. Who on account of his design caused sail racing to disallow multihulls from competition until 1970.
Pseudo chemist here!
Basically, salt affects the way water interacts with other objects/substances. Think of how a fresh water fish would die in the ocean due to its cells not being able to recieve/dispose of water correctly.
Love the new channel! Hope to see more great content soon!!
Osmosis is alot like the RUclips comments section: you want to be as salty as the other people. If you're too salty then you're a troll and everyone will call you a nutter, if you're not salty enough they'll tear you apart like a pack of wild dogs. You need to balance things out.
@@arthas640 That's a brilliant way to put it
@Geographics. Very interesting as always thanks Simon, but, can you please tell me where the image of the wall was taken, the picture used for the title "The teaching of Thonis" at 17:17 ?
Cheers
Very interesting. More like this would be great!
More coming :). 2x per week at the moment, if they channel does well, we will bump that up :)
Please do a video about Xi’an, China, especially the underground and still mostly unexcavated mausoleum emperor Xin.
Was this your home Thanos?
-
It was, and it was beautiful..
Is it true that the Sahara desert may only be about 6000 years old, and if so, could Egyptian civilization be partly buried under it?
Or pre Egyptian?
I kept thinking Simon was saying cannabis.
Yep
Its can o' pus, actually.
I’m a statistician and I would LOVE to give it up for a life of underwater exploration….jealous
Simon, you and your Team deserve a LOT of credit because I firmly believe you guys are one of the top educational programs on RUclips. I don't just mean this channel either. All of your Channels are loaded with useful/interesting information, and cover a wide variety of topics, which is really awesome. I know that I'm not alone in my appreciation for you guys busting your butts to bring us all of the different channels, and the speed with which you do :). I just want to say Thank You very much for all of the hard work you put into everything you do :)!
How it disappeared from memory is actually very easy. Basically, out of site out of mind. As a species humans have a very short term memory.
You need to do a video on Wisconsin Dells. I absolutely need to hear Simon talk about Wisconsin Dells.
Not to mention Eagle River. Eagle River!!!
The ancient Egyptians did not have gods or goddesses, and their practices weren't considered part of a religion. It was a lifestyle and a school of thought. Scholars gave them those titles because it's the closest equivalent their perspectives could understand. Rather, these beings are called the Netjeru, and they are considered celestial beings from other planets and dimensions, but the ancient Egyptians did not at all consider them "gods." Also, ancient Egypt was actually called Kemet. -- Fascinating underwater discovery, though! ♡
My new favorite channel.
Under only 12 feet of water, and almost totally lost from history. What else around the world is waiting for discovery...
"Everything's better
down where it's wetter"
I jist was reading a historical marker about vanport which was the second largest city in Oregon it disappeared due to flooding
*You did not put any of the links in the description.*
@Daniel C Yeah, its pretty bothering, ive pointed this out on more than one occasion, but its not being answered neither being acknowledged.
God damn these length videos daily! Sign me up!
You seem to give more time to your face and camera zoom than to the actual subject which makes me think sociopath.
Or was it lack of stock footage?
Always loved biographics but this channel is next level, learning about different places is so interesting. Never heard of this place before but this was so interesting, great video!
Also I love how the editing is the same style as the biographics channel
There is a google smudge 15x40 miles out in the ocean between virgina beach and kill devil hills.
Somebody needs to go take a look. its a fairly consistent 100 feet deep
"Which, as sad as it sounds, likely didn't cause any victims"
mate... how the fuck is that sad?
I knew the coastal part of ancient Alexandria is under water, but I didn't knew about this
BCE sounds weird. I'm not gonna get offended by the letter E, but it seems stupid to me that they had to add it.
Simon I love ALL your channels and the content on them but dude how do you keep up with producing so much great content without having a fatigue meltdown? You are so metal!!!
Not really sure. I just don't really get tired or fatigued (at least for 99% of the time). PLUS amazing team helping to make all this possible!!
The sea level could be compared with other submerged cities to see if it slipped under the waves or sunk.
Can we please get a video of just Simon reading Disney lyrics in his "dramatic quote" voice? That would be so awesome
Fantastic job, so well researched and produced.👍
I just bought a magnetometer on ebay because of this video ;)
Not really, I was already going to buy one. You'd just reminded me.
could the sunken vessels been the first reason for the establishment of port pilots ???
This could really use some more and better maps. Love the concept of geographics tho!
Omg that way of pronouncing "sixth" makes me so uncomfortable.
I swear every chanel you guys do is boss👏🏻 keep up the good work simon and team
Congratulations for this video and this great channel. If I could make a suggestion for a place, I would like to see notorious Auschwitz Concentration Camp, and the history about the infamy that was committed there.
Coming soon. Already written.