அண்ணா தாங்கள் கூறிய அனைத்து கருத்துக்களும் என் செவிவழியில் ஏறவில்லை ஆனால் நீங்கள் கூறிய ஒரு நாடக கலைஞர் வாக்கியம் நான் சிறுவயதில் இருந்து இந்த வாக்கியத்தை கேட்டிருக்கிறேன் இப்பொழுதுதான் அதன் உண்மையான அர்த்தம் என் செவிவெளியில் உரைத்தது
தம்பி உன்னோட பதிவுகள் அனைத்தும் எனக்கு ரொம்ப பிடிக்கும் காரணம் என்னவென்றால் நீங்கள் என்னை மாதிரியே மாத்தி யோசிக்கிறீங்க மறுபக்கத்தை பேசுறீங்க எல்லா விஷயத்திலும் இதே போல நிறைய பேசுங்கள் தம்பி வாழ்த்துக்கள்🌹💐👍🙏
Appreciate ur boldness to share the fact / truth. Forgiving & Forgiveness is absolutely necessary for every human. U portrayed it very well. Good job 👏 👍
சர்ச்சில் அவர்களால் 1943 செயற்கையாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட- மேற்கு வங்காள பட்டினி bengal famine பற்றி தமிழில் எந்த விளக்கங்களும் காணொளிகளும் இல்லை நீங்கள் இதை காணொளியாக வெளியிட்டால் சிறந்ததாக இருக்கும்
mughals killed 40 lakhs innocent Indians and british killed 40 lakhs innocent indians = 80 LAKHS INNOCENT INDIANS KILLED BY BOTH BRITISH AND MUGHALS + all wealth looting by both british and mughals ---- after 1947 politicians doing the same things
@@myplacetn7599 Anna na men illa women. Yenakku Meghan markle la pudikkum. Ithula unghalukku yenna problem. Yenakku first Meghan yarunne theriyathu yeppo diana madam pathi therinjikanum apdinu neraya charge panni paakum pothu oru sila British people Meghan oru karupina pen apdingirathala evlo kevalama nadathuranghanu therinji tha intha comment potten yenna thitra rights unghalukku yaaru kuduthu sago?
Madhan Vailaye vada suduvaan But you are great (showing videos and pictures for easy understanding) , Getting pics and videos are not an easy matter Need to go through Lot of articals to get a original News and pics ,your team Done it right , Wishing you to get more than 1M subscriber's .I will be the first one to be Happy ...An UNDERRATED RUclipsr
13:28 bro ningge sonne vishaayamm appadiyeee black panther movie kamichii irupangee..... anthee scene lee UK country muzium lee Africa civilization oodaa things Ellam irukumm ...killmonger oruu characters athee pathii onuu onnaa kepann angge ullee British officer Kitte
Thanks Learning point, the appreciation given by our subscribers and contributors like your self give us the motivation to search and give the best contents.
அப்படியே விஜய நகரப் பேரரசின் தமிழ் நாட்டில் நிகழ்த்திய கொடிய ஆட்சி பற்றியும் தமிழர்களின் கலை, கலாச்சார, வழிபாட்டுச் சீரழிப்புப் பற்றியும் ஒரு காணொளி போடுங்கள். மேலும் விஜய நகர வாரிசுகளாக இருக்கும் தற்போதைய தமிழக அரசும் கட்டாயம் அகற்றப்பட வேண்டிய ஒன்று என்றும் மக்களுக்கு எடுத்துச் சொல்லுங்கள்.
How Britain stole $45 trillion from India There is a story that is commonly told in Britain that the colonisation of India - as horrible as it may have been - was not of any major economic benefit to Britain itself. If anything, the administration of India was a cost to Britain. So the fact that the empire was sustained for so long - the story goes - was a gesture of Britain’s benevolence. New research by the renowned economist Utsa Patnaik - just published by Columbia University Press - deals a crushing blow to this narrative. Drawing on nearly two centuries of detailed data on tax and trade, Patnaik calculated that Britain drained a total of nearly $45 trillion from India during the period 1765 to 1938. How did this come about? It happened through the trade system. Prior to the colonial period, Britain bought goods like textiles and rice from Indian producers and paid for them in the normal way - mostly with silver - as they did with any other country. But something changed in 1765, shortly after the East India Company took control of the subcontinent and established a monopoly over Indian trade. Here’s how it worked. The East India Company began collecting taxes in India, and then cleverly used a portion of those revenues (about a third) to fund the purchase of Indian goods for British use. In other words, instead of paying for Indian goods out of their own pocket, British traders acquired them for free, “buying” from peasants and weavers using money that had just been taken from them. It was a scam - theft on a grand scale. Yet most Indians were unaware of what was going on because the agent who collected the taxes was not the same as the one who showed up to buy their goods. Had it been the same person, they surely would have smelled a rat. Some of the stolen goods were consumed in Britain, and the rest were re-exported elsewhere. The re-export system allowed Britain to finance a flow of imports from Europe, including strategic materials like iron, tar and timber, which were essential to Britain’s industrialisation. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution depended in large part on this systematic theft from India. On top of this, the British were able to sell the stolen goods to other countries for much more than they “bought” them for in the first place, pocketing not only 100 percent of the original value of the goods but also the markup. After the British Raj took over in 1858, colonisers added a special new twist to the tax-and-buy system. As the East India Company’s monopoly broke down, Indian producers were allowed to export their goods directly to other countries. But Britain made sure that the payments for those goods nonetheless ended up in London. How did this work? Basically, anyone who wanted to buy goods from India would do so using special Council Bills - a unique paper currency issued only by the British Crown. And the only way to get those bills was to buy them from London with gold or silver. So traders would pay London in gold to get the bills, and then use the bills to pay Indian producers. When Indians cashed the bills in at the local colonial office, they were “paid” in rupees out of tax revenues - money that had just been collected from them. So, once again, they were not in fact paid at all; they were defrauded. Meanwhile, London ended up with all of the gold and silver that should have gone directly to the Indians in exchange for their exports. This corrupt system meant that even while India was running an impressive trade surplus with the rest of the world - a surplus that lasted for three decades in the early 20th century - it showed up as a deficit in the national accounts because the real income from India’s exports was appropriated in its entirety by Britain. Some point to this fictional “deficit” as evidence that India was a liability to Britain. But exactly the opposite is true. Britain intercepted enormous quantities of income that rightly belonged to Indian producers. India was the goose that laid the golden egg. Meanwhile, the “deficit” meant that India had no option but to borrow from Britain to finance its imports. So the entire Indian population was forced into completely unnecessary debt to their colonial overlords, further cementing British control. Britain used the windfall from this fraudulent system to fuel the engines of imperial violence - funding the invasion of China in the 1840s and the suppression of the Indian Rebellion in 1857. And this was on top of what the Crown took directly from Indian taxpayers to pay for its wars. As Patnaik points out, “the cost of all Britain’s wars of conquest outside Indian borders were charged always wholly or mainly to Indian revenues.” And that’s not all. Britain used this flow of tribute from India to finance the expansion of capitalism in Europe and regions of European settlement, like Canada and Australia. So not only the industrialisation of Britain but also the industrialisation of much of the Western world was facilitated by extraction from the colonies. Patnaik identifies four distinct economic periods in colonial India from 1765 to 1938, calculates the extraction for each, and then compounds at a modest rate of interest (about 5 percent, which is lower than the market rate) from the middle of each period to the present. Adding it all up, she finds that the total drain amounts to $44.6 trillion. This figure is conservative, she says, and does not include the debts that Britain imposed on India during the Raj. These are eye-watering sums. But the true costs of this drain cannot be calculated. If India had been able to invest its own tax revenues and foreign exchange earnings in development - as Japan did - there’s no telling how history might have turned out differently. India could very well have become an economic powerhouse. Centuries of poverty and suffering could have been prevented. All of this is a sobering antidote to the rosy narrative promoted by certain powerful voices in Britain. The conservative historian Niall Ferguson has claimed that British rule helped “develop” India. While he was prime minister, David Cameron asserted that British rule was a net help to India. This narrative has found considerable traction in the popular imagination: according to a 2014 YouGov poll, 50 percent of people in Britain believe that colonialism was beneficial to the colonies. Yet during the entire 200-year history of British rule in India, there was almost no increase in per capita income. In fact, during the last half of the 19th century - the heyday of British intervention - income in India collapsed by half. The average life expectancy of Indians dropped by a fifth from 1870 to 1920. Tens of millions died needlessly of policy-induced famine. Britain didn’t develop India. Quite the contrary - as Patnaik’s work makes clear - India developed Britain. What does this require of Britain today? An apology? Absolutely. Reparations? Perhaps - although there is not enough money in all of Britain to cover the sums that Patnaik identifies. In the meantime, we can start by setting the story straight. We need to recognise that Britain retained control of India not out of benevolence but for the sake of plunder and that Britain’s industrial rise didn’t emerge sui generis from the steam engine and strong institutions, as our schoolbooks would have it, but depended on violent theft from other lands and other peoples.
சேரன் அகாடமில இதை பற்றி ஒரு shorts la சொல்லிட்டு போய்ட்டாரு இதை நீங்கள் விரிவாக சொல்றது எனக்கு தெரிஞ்சிக்க ஈஸியா இருந்தது 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
சேரன் அகாடமியும் நீங்களும் சேர்ந்து ஒரு வீடியோ போடலாமே BB bro
தம்பி அந்த வைரம் இங்கிலாந்திலேயே இருப்பதே நல்லது. இந்திய வந்தால் இங்கு பல அரசியல் திருடர்கள் உள்ளார்கள்.
Correcta sonninga... Atleast Anga irukurathu nalla thaan innum athu iruku..
Athukunu namma propertyya illegal but legalize panni avanga vaangitanga atha epdi support pandringa
ஆமா நண்பா ச்சீமான் அந்த வைரம் தன்னுடைய முப்பாட்டன் தனக்கு கொடுத்துட்டு போனார் என சொந்தம் கொண்டாடினாலும் ஆடுவான்
Hahaha
Avangale thiruditu thane ponanga
ராணி எலிசபெத் பற்றி பலர் வெளியிட்ட பல வீடியோக்கள் பார்த்தேன் ஆனால் உங்கள் கண்ணோட்டம் சிறப்பு செம..
வாழ்த்துக்கள் தொடரட்டும் தங்கள் சிறப்பு பார்வை..
இந்த ராணியை நாங்கள் நல்லவர்கள் என்று நினைத்து விட்டோம்.... அருமையான பதிவு அண்ணா
avanga naatuku avanga nallavanga. manidha naagarigathuku munnadi oru group inoru groupa sanda potuthanay edam pudichanunga adhu aadhikaalathulerundhu mudhal kudi moothakudi nammadhan thamizhargal
எல்லாரும் இவங்கள பெருமையா பேசும் போது உண்மைய சொன்ன பாருயா நீ வேற லெவல்
வரலாறு தெரிந்தவர்கள் யாரும் வருத்தம் தெரிவிக்க மாட்டார்கள்.
Varalaru school books mattum padithavargalukku porundhum.
இதை கேட்க்கும் போது இன்றைய புள்டோசர் கலாச்சாரம் தான் ஞாபகம் வருது இன்றைய சுதந்திரம்
Intha full video laiyea DIANA pathi pesumbothu than en face la smile vanthuchu ❤️ DIANA full life pathi video We want Anna ... *MUST*
Ellarum positive comment sonnanga but neenga than marupakkam solli irukinga enakum neraya therinjikka vaippu kedachi irukku hatsoff bro
அண்ணா அப்படியே உடல் மொழி மூலம் காமெடியில் கலக்கிய மிஸ்டர் பீன் பற்றிய ஒரு வீடியோ போடுங்க அண்ணா எதிர்பார்த்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறோம்
Same comment always
உங்க பெயரைஅவர் கண்டிப்பாக சொல்வார்.....கவலை வேண்டாம்
ruclips.net/video/zBneWsC1Z3g/видео.html
@@seelan8849 தகவல்கள்தான் முக்கியம் பிகிலு
நீ மறுபடியும் வந்துட்டியா
அண்ணா தாங்கள் கூறிய அனைத்து கருத்துக்களும் என் செவிவழியில் ஏறவில்லை ஆனால் நீங்கள் கூறிய ஒரு நாடக கலைஞர் வாக்கியம் நான் சிறுவயதில் இருந்து இந்த வாக்கியத்தை கேட்டிருக்கிறேன் இப்பொழுதுதான் அதன் உண்மையான அர்த்தம் என் செவிவெளியில் உரைத்தது
தம்பி உன்னோட பதிவுகள் அனைத்தும் எனக்கு ரொம்ப பிடிக்கும் காரணம் என்னவென்றால் நீங்கள் என்னை மாதிரியே மாத்தி யோசிக்கிறீங்க மறுபக்கத்தை பேசுறீங்க எல்லா விஷயத்திலும் இதே போல நிறைய பேசுங்கள் தம்பி வாழ்த்துக்கள்🌹💐👍🙏
Expected vedio தலைவா waiting for you!
இன்னும் அவள் செய்த பல கொடுமைகளை சொல்ல நேரம் போதாது இருந்தாலும் சுருக்கமாக மக்களின் வலியை பதிவு செய்துள்ளீர்கள் நன்றி.
அருமையான பதிவு, சரியான சவுக்கடி💐
Appreciate ur boldness to share the fact / truth. Forgiving & Forgiveness is absolutely necessary for every human. U portrayed it very well. Good job 👏 👍
சர்ச்சில் அவர்களால் 1943 செயற்கையாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட- மேற்கு வங்காள பட்டினி bengal famine பற்றி தமிழில் எந்த விளக்கங்களும் காணொளிகளும் இல்லை நீங்கள் இதை காணொளியாக வெளியிட்டால் சிறந்ததாக இருக்கும்
mughals killed 40 lakhs innocent Indians and british killed 40 lakhs innocent indians = 80 LAKHS INNOCENT INDIANS KILLED BY BOTH BRITISH AND MUGHALS + all wealth looting by both british and mughals ---- after 1947 politicians doing the same things
மிக மிக சிறப்பான உண்மைகள் சொல்லும் வீடியோ, மிக்க நன்றி.
What a punctuality on updating a new video 👍👍.
ஏமாற்றுபவனைவிட ஏமாறுபவன் தான் குற்றவாளி....... அந்த வகையில் நாம் தான் குற்றவாளிகள்....
Well structured , informative and detailed analysis report . Congratulations bro💐
தாய் கிழவி இறந்த இத்தருணம் கொண்டாடப்பட வேண்டிய தருணமே😁😁😁
👍👍10000%
ராணி எலிசபெத் பற்றிய விரிவான தகவல்கள் மிகவும் சிறப்பு நண்பரே....
தோழர் உங்கள் பதிவு எனக்கு கொஞ்சம் மன ஆறுதல் கிடைக்கிறது மகிழ்ச்சி
Great video, thank you Bro
மாஞ்சோலை .......
details பத்தி ஒரு வீடியோ போடுங்க ப்ரோ......🙏
Excellant work done. Beautifully crafted video. My Best Wishes. Keep doing great.
ஹாரி நல்ல மனிதர். அவர் இல்லையென்றால் டயானாவிற்கு ஏற்பட்ட நிலை தான் மேகனுக்கும்.
ஏண்டா மேகன்ணுக்கு ஹரி மூன்றாவது புருஷன்😂 ஏண்டா உங்களுக்கு விபச்சாரிகளையும் அந்த விபச்சாரிகளை கல்யாணம் பண்ணினவர்களையும் தான் புடிக்குமா நல்லவர்களை உங்களுக்கு பிடிக்காதா 😂😂😂
@@myplacetn7599 Anna na men illa women. Yenakku Meghan markle la pudikkum. Ithula unghalukku yenna problem. Yenakku first Meghan yarunne theriyathu yeppo diana madam pathi therinjikanum apdinu neraya charge panni paakum pothu oru sila British people Meghan oru karupina pen apdingirathala evlo kevalama nadathuranghanu therinji tha intha comment potten yenna thitra rights unghalukku yaaru kuduthu sago?
@Karthick Karthick okay brother 😊
Dei dei Megan enga diana enga diana oda kaal thoosiku kuda Megan vara maata 😅
Na never compare Meagan to Diana. Meagan is a pure narcissist.
அருமையான பதிவுகள் நண்பா
Madhan Vailaye vada suduvaan But you are great (showing videos and pictures for easy understanding) , Getting pics and videos are not an easy matter Need to go through Lot of articals to get a original News and pics ,your team Done it right , Wishing you to get more than 1M subscriber's .I will be the first one to be Happy ...An UNDERRATED RUclipsr
Watch tamil pokkisham videos brother
correct
Wait panitu iruthan Vera level video bro
Elizabeth pathina dark sides ah romba clear ay explain pannirukeenga 😇😇😇. Ippothan avangala pathi mulusa therinjathu. Share panninathuku romba nandri anna 😇😇❤️❤️🙏🙏🙏.
ஒரு வழியா "எலி செத்து போச்சு"
👌🏻
தாய்கிழவி செத்த மறுநிமிடமே வானவில் வடிவில் விளக்கு ஏற்றப்பட்டதாம் ஆசீவகம் மலர்ந்து விட்டது தமிழ் சிந்தனையாளர் பேரவை
13:28 bro ningge sonne vishaayamm appadiyeee black panther movie kamichii irupangee..... anthee scene lee UK country muzium lee Africa civilization oodaa things Ellam irukumm ...killmonger oruu characters athee pathii onuu onnaa kepann angge ullee British officer Kitte
Elizabeth ku RIP potavangalukku slipper shot video 🙌🏻
Great vedeo,
Very movingly explained....
Capt Bharathi
தரமான வீடியோ... நன்றி
எலிசபெத் பற்றி நான் என்ன நினைத்தனோ அதை நீங்கள் சொல்லிட்டிங்க.
Superb content B³
எலி செத்தது மிக்க மகிழ்ச்சி அளிக்கிறது..
என்ன பா பொசுக்குனு இப்டி சொல்லிடிங்க😄
Nenga Dark side nu sonnathum like potuten . Because of I know the British history. 👍
Many unknown informations you told so good
5:33 a small mistake not Edward vii correct ruler name Edward viii 👍🏻
My most liked video of yours
Mr bogan morning la irundhu wait panran man please update soon
வேலை வெட்டி இல்லையா சகோ? Lol 🤣
Princess margaret pathi video poduka anna❤plzz
Awesome 👍👍👍👍👍 someone has brains👍👍👍👍👍👍 don't know why there are so many fools praising her left right and center
hahahahaa
Yeah Brains up where?? Elizabeth became queen in 1953 grow out of your inebriated ignorance.
பல கருப்பர்களைக் கொன்ற வெள்ளை இன கிறிஸ்தவ வெறியன்உலகை ஆண்டான்
Good brother Skip Pannama video Pathen
I can't subscribe one more time .....I'm just happy that i subscribed you ..so many research work ...how can you manage to get these much information
Next video. On the. Temple. Bull. Brutal death of. Murugan. At. London. Crual. Queen
Thanks Learning point, the appreciation given by our subscribers and contributors like your self give us the motivation to search and give the best contents.
Good explanation bro 👍
Great edition. Congratulations!
No great Britain
அப்படியே விஜய நகரப் பேரரசின் தமிழ் நாட்டில் நிகழ்த்திய கொடிய ஆட்சி பற்றியும் தமிழர்களின் கலை, கலாச்சார, வழிபாட்டுச் சீரழிப்புப் பற்றியும் ஒரு காணொளி போடுங்கள். மேலும் விஜய நகர வாரிசுகளாக இருக்கும் தற்போதைய தமிழக அரசும் கட்டாயம் அகற்றப்பட வேண்டிய ஒன்று என்றும் மக்களுக்கு எடுத்துச் சொல்லுங்கள்.
Superb bro 👏👏👏waiting for prince's Diana's video 😍plz make it soon ❤️
Very good msg sir🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏👏👏
Right video at right time ☺️
excellent explanation without stereotype and mixed politics. you are awesome. people like you always deserves credit.
Every thing has politics
We should reveal the politics behind without asking sorry
உண்மைய சொன்னதற்கு நன்றி.....
Talk about French revolution and palace of Versailles.
I was eagerly expecting this blog from u bro
⛵⛵⛵வாஸ்கோடகாமா பற்றி வீடியோ போடுங்கள் அண்ணா
இயற்கை வேளாண் விஞ்ஞானி நம்மாழ்வார் ஐயா வாழ்க்கை பற்றி சொல்லவும்
This channel desires million subscribers in terms of quality of the content compare to other Utubers who are all make videos daily.
தலைவர் பிரபாகரன் வரலாறு பற்றி பேசுங்கள் அண்ணா 🙏
👋👋👋
Black holes pathi oru video pannunga bro...
Very good content.. super brother!
Very good
Very bold msg you have given
Nice bro
ஐரோப்பியர் vs அரேபியர் பற்றி காணொளி போடுங்க...
thank you bro I enjoy the full video
எலிசபெத் ராணியின் கிரிடத்தில் உள்ள கோகினூர் வைரம் இந்தியாவின் ஆந்திர மாநிலத்திலுள்ள கோல்கொண்டா என்ற இடத்தில் கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டது ஆகும்....
Good Explanation...
Recent times la Big fan aahetan Bro 💕
Very good information appreciate 👍👍👍
Mother therasa is real QUEEN
Toyota car company pathi video podunga bro please
என் மன அழுத்தத்தை பதிவு செய்ததற்கு நன்றி ப்ரோ
Detailed and beautiful narrative!
Bro Leonardo Da Vinci pathi video podunga
You are very different great job.
Thumbnail excellent
Honey badger pathi oru video poduinga.
thavalai-frog, thanks dude
Diana ❤️ பற்றி video poadunga bro
Thank you for the video.
Muhammad Ali jinnah and Pakistan separate aana story podunga bro... unga voice la nalla irukum...
Sam bro..தமிழீன தலைவர் பிரபாகரன். அவருடைய video பன்னுங்க bro..
Well said 👍🏼👍🏼 Next video frog 🐸 🐸
How Britain stole $45 trillion from India
There is a story that is commonly told in Britain that the colonisation of India - as horrible as it may have been - was not of any major economic benefit to Britain itself. If anything, the administration of India was a cost to Britain. So the fact that the empire was sustained for so long - the story goes - was a gesture of Britain’s benevolence.
New research by the renowned economist Utsa Patnaik - just published by Columbia University Press - deals a crushing blow to this narrative. Drawing on nearly two centuries of detailed data on tax and trade, Patnaik calculated that Britain drained a total of nearly $45 trillion from India during the period 1765 to 1938.
How did this come about?
It happened through the trade system. Prior to the colonial period, Britain bought goods like textiles and rice from Indian producers and paid for them in the normal way - mostly with silver - as they did with any other country. But something changed in 1765, shortly after the East India Company took control of the subcontinent and established a monopoly over Indian trade.
Here’s how it worked. The East India Company began collecting taxes in India, and then cleverly used a portion of those revenues (about a third) to fund the purchase of Indian goods for British use. In other words, instead of paying for Indian goods out of their own pocket, British traders acquired them for free, “buying” from peasants and weavers using money that had just been taken from them.
It was a scam - theft on a grand scale. Yet most Indians were unaware of what was going on because the agent who collected the taxes was not the same as the one who showed up to buy their goods. Had it been the same person, they surely would have smelled a rat.
Some of the stolen goods were consumed in Britain, and the rest were re-exported elsewhere. The re-export system allowed Britain to finance a flow of imports from Europe, including strategic materials like iron, tar and timber, which were essential to Britain’s industrialisation. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution depended in large part on this systematic theft from India.
On top of this, the British were able to sell the stolen goods to other countries for much more than they “bought” them for in the first place, pocketing not only 100 percent of the original value of the goods but also the markup.
After the British Raj took over in 1858, colonisers added a special new twist to the tax-and-buy system. As the East India Company’s monopoly broke down, Indian producers were allowed to export their goods directly to other countries. But Britain made sure that the payments for those goods nonetheless ended up in London.
How did this work? Basically, anyone who wanted to buy goods from India would do so using special Council Bills - a unique paper currency issued only by the British Crown. And the only way to get those bills was to buy them from London with gold or silver. So traders would pay London in gold to get the bills, and then use the bills to pay Indian producers. When Indians cashed the bills in at the local colonial office, they were “paid” in rupees out of tax revenues - money that had just been collected from them. So, once again, they were not in fact paid at all; they were defrauded.
Meanwhile, London ended up with all of the gold and silver that should have gone directly to the Indians in exchange for their exports.
This corrupt system meant that even while India was running an impressive trade surplus with the rest of the world - a surplus that lasted for three decades in the early 20th century - it showed up as a deficit in the national accounts because the real income from India’s exports was appropriated in its entirety by Britain.
Some point to this fictional “deficit” as evidence that India was a liability to Britain. But exactly the opposite is true. Britain intercepted enormous quantities of income that rightly belonged to Indian producers. India was the goose that laid the golden egg. Meanwhile, the “deficit” meant that India had no option but to borrow from Britain to finance its imports. So the entire Indian population was forced into completely unnecessary debt to their colonial overlords, further cementing British control.
Britain used the windfall from this fraudulent system to fuel the engines of imperial violence - funding the invasion of China in the 1840s and the suppression of the Indian Rebellion in 1857. And this was on top of what the Crown took directly from Indian taxpayers to pay for its wars. As Patnaik points out, “the cost of all Britain’s wars of conquest outside Indian borders were charged always wholly or mainly to Indian revenues.”
And that’s not all. Britain used this flow of tribute from India to finance the expansion of capitalism in Europe and regions of European settlement, like Canada and Australia. So not only the industrialisation of Britain but also the industrialisation of much of the Western world was facilitated by extraction from the colonies.
Patnaik identifies four distinct economic periods in colonial India from 1765 to 1938, calculates the extraction for each, and then compounds at a modest rate of interest (about 5 percent, which is lower than the market rate) from the middle of each period to the present. Adding it all up, she finds that the total drain amounts to $44.6 trillion. This figure is conservative, she says, and does not include the debts that Britain imposed on India during the Raj.
These are eye-watering sums. But the true costs of this drain cannot be calculated. If India had been able to invest its own tax revenues and foreign exchange earnings in development - as Japan did - there’s no telling how history might have turned out differently. India could very well have become an economic powerhouse. Centuries of poverty and suffering could have been prevented.
All of this is a sobering antidote to the rosy narrative promoted by certain powerful voices in Britain. The conservative historian Niall Ferguson has claimed that British rule helped “develop” India. While he was prime minister, David Cameron asserted that British rule was a net help to India.
This narrative has found considerable traction in the popular imagination: according to a 2014 YouGov poll, 50 percent of people in Britain believe that colonialism was beneficial to the colonies.
Yet during the entire 200-year history of British rule in India, there was almost no increase in per capita income. In fact, during the last half of the 19th century - the heyday of British intervention - income in India collapsed by half. The average life expectancy of Indians dropped by a fifth from 1870 to 1920. Tens of millions died needlessly of policy-induced famine.
Britain didn’t develop India. Quite the contrary - as Patnaik’s work makes clear - India developed Britain.
What does this require of Britain today? An apology? Absolutely. Reparations? Perhaps - although there is not enough money in all of Britain to cover the sums that Patnaik identifies. In the meantime, we can start by setting the story straight. We need to recognise that Britain retained control of India not out of benevolence but for the sake of plunder and that Britain’s industrial rise didn’t emerge sui generis from the steam engine and strong institutions, as our schoolbooks would have it, but depended on violent theft from other lands and other peoples.
So much they looted from India, I feel sad for those who lost their lives for India
You have a great knowledge bro super
Did you copy-paste? 😯
@@shakthyr8142 yah i do. Source: asiantimes
It is eye-opening and inspiring at the same time. Thanks buddy.
Bro Schindler's list ha pathi oru video podunga
Birsa munda pathi video poedunga bcubers😇💪
அருமையான பதிவு
Very good explanation. Thak you sir.
Brother freedom fighter uttamsing Patthi oru vedio podunga
Thavalai pro
Wonderful content...but last cut virumandi dialogue'ah maathi solliteenga Bogan 💁🏻
அருமை👏🤝👍
Excellent content bro
Bro joker heath ledger pathi oru video potuinga pls☺️
🫂
Super sir