omggg it's always intuitive to me how motion of particles are conserved related to the temperature. I've never considered the rotation of the molecules. thanks again eugene sir
What blows my mind is how gases defy laws of motion, because the collisions between molecules do not loose energy of motion... when laws of physics state that energy is lost in collisions so two objects even with perfect rigidity so theres no frictional losses in deformation of the objects when colliding they still will eventually stop. But atoms defy this and more around bouncing off the container walls and each other without loosing or transferring any energy. By laws, atoms colliding with the container walls should transfer energy to the walls, and since the atoms are tiny in mass compared to the walls they would lose energy to the wall at a high rate, as more massive objects are barely moved when tiny objects strike them. With classical rules the molecules would lose energy to the walls and eventually stop moving, but this does not happen...ever...so how do they get to break the "laws"?? The atomic world breaks all the laws, but it's really too complicated for a chat window to get into...it really me as an chem. engr. that the atomic world and the macro world have two different sets of laws of physics whichcant apply to the other. If everything is made of atoms, should the laws governing atoms not also govern the objects built out of them?? Shouldnt constructed things not behave as the parts they are constructed from? This is like saying wood has laws and properties set to define how wold behaves, but a shed built out of wood has zero properties of the wood pieces and totally different set of laws describing the sheds properties and behavior.
My takeaway from quality videos like this is that university science professors should either learn 3D animation or consult animators more often when designing lectures. They work so much better than chalk and power point.
I finaly understand the heat pump! Thank you so much, you have given me much needed insight over the years about the underlaying physics of electricity and physics in general! Please keep uploading.
We need to tell our professors to teach like this, and include these videos with the pp presentations they all like to give. Who here agrees? This is the new frontier when it comes to education! Your videos unravel concepts I spend hours reading.
It’s refreshing to see particle physics finally get some love on RUclips. The breakdown of where energy goes in the molecules was fascinating. I especially loved the 3 to 5 ratio of kinetic to rotational energy.
Wow! What a clear description of heat capacity! I have always wondered about why the heat capacity changes in jumps when you add energy to a gas. This video makes clear, that this is because with enough heat, the changes of the energy states of the electron 'kicks in'. Although it is just briefly mentioned in this video, I now _for the first time_ understand this phenomenon! Great work!
Thanks for the compliment about my video. It is actually other degrees of freedom that are primarily responsible for changes in the heat capacity with temperature: such as the vibrations between the atoms internal to the molecules, that kick in only at certain temperatures due to Quantum Mechanics. Thanks.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky Indeed. That had become clear to me thanks to this video. Your videos do not explain concepts only explicitly, but also implicitly. Many of them are _really great!_ I often refer others to you.
this is so much better than physics textbooks, not just the animation, but also the explanation. Putting them together, this is God sent. I have a much clearer understanding of temperatute and heat capacity from watching this than from reading several textbooks
This was...far beyond what i expected. You guys could have gotten away with much, much less of an effort without any pushback. Instead, we are left with this... An absolutely beautiful, visually pleasing, simple yet concise explanations which work hand in hand with the animations to bring us an intuitive, entry-level walk-through of the standard model. I'm honestly awe struck. I can confidently say this is easily one of the best videos on quantum mechanics I have yet had the privilege to enjoy here on RUclips. (and I watch nothing but science and physics docs on RUclips etc) What an absolutely superb masterpiece, what an incredibly engaging tool which undoubtedly will benefit thousands and thousands of inquisitive minds. Thank you so much for everyone responsible for this labor of love. It truly shows your passion for your field, and hoo boy what a treat the whole video was. It is insanely rare that animations , live explanations, and facts all come together so brilliant and organicly organized in such a way that the end product comes together to create something much, much greater than each part on it's own. What an honor. BTW make a video about the partial derivative of a vector field
Before finding this channel I loved Physics and Mathematics but now, my life is Physics and Mathematics. Thanks for one of the greatest explanations. for one of the greatest inspirations. for telling us the true beauty of nature through Physics and Mathematics.
These videos are by far the best on youtube about physics, just amazing. I understand everything the first time you say them due to the depth of explanation, yet the videos somehow remain relatively short.
Thanks for the compliments about my videos. I also have some long videos too. For example, my video on Maxwell's Laws is almost 50 minutes long. My video on Thermodynamics, referenced at the end of this video, is 36 minutes long. Thanks.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky Ive watched them also, long is the wrong word considering the quantity of information and depth. My course takes atleast two weeks for each hour of your videos.
Eugene, your videos prove the value of a free internet for all…The graphic representations help bridge imagination and reality; something my math teachers couldn’t do, or perhaps it was my brain that was not yet ready for it…I will become a Patreon on my next payday. Thank you kind sir!
Wow! Learning from these videos is awesome 👌. Really like your style of making videos. The truth is many students like me are learning and driven into science by people like you.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky I must say your vidoes are amazing!!! Can you comment on my question . What can you say about these fragments in Conceptual Physics which I paste here in another comment? There is something wrong with these statements . How can be called tranasltional motion like ..."By translational we mean to-and-fro linear motion" Is it good definition? It rather refer to oscillation I think. Later we have "how fast the particles move as they vibrate and jiggle in place." - how can It be translational motion? How can you explain that this make sense and does not introduce confusion??
@@cielaczek81 An oscillation assumes that there is a state which the particle is attracted towards constantly as a returning position, like being pulled and pushed by a relatively static spring, where translational movement is unbounded, it is inertia and will only cease with another impulse. Two bonded atoms oscillate in the distance between each other, while their position in 3 dimensional space is their translational momentum.
This is the best video lecture, I have seen on degrees of freedom and how they contribute to temperature. Wonderful Work. Thanks a ton for it. Meritorious. Praiseworthy. Exemplary. Artistic. Admirable. Excellent. Honourable. Distinguished. Special. Splendid. Stupendous. Breathtaking. Marvellous. Fabulous. Spectacular. Magnificent. Majestic. Superb. Remarkable. Incredible. Legendry. Phenomenal. Exhilarating. Stimulating. Inspiring.
Your videos are amazing good at explaining Physics in a clear, concise, and intelligent way. I only recently discovered your Channel, but have become a fan, and subscribed. I'm looking forward to catching up on all the videos that I've missed. It is time well spent. Thanks!
I really appreciate that you took the time to explain why rotations are excluded in the case of a single atom, it is often neglected and leaves a very poor understanding of degrees of freedom as well as related results such as the virial theorem.
Спасибо за ваши ролики и канал! Благодаря им, прекрасной визуализации, мне удалость понять концепции, которые не осилил в школе. P.S. Я, владея английским, пишу по-русски, так как полагаю, что автор (судя по его имени) владеет русским языком.
I have a request: a couple of videos on change of state in physics: showing the difference between gas and liquid, liquid and solid. In particular, I wanted to explain to my son (11) why water increases in volume when it freezes, and I have a mental image but would love to see one of ypur beautiful visualizations on this! Thanks for all ypur hard work which does so much to inform, inspire and educate.
Great video. I'm trying to learn Blender to make animations for my GCSE Physics students. These animations are tremendous and are inspiring me to keep learning.
Great channel. I wish you would publish a series or lecture on how the linear accelerator works in detail and produces x-rays for medical applications. With Arabic translation available. Thank you very much
Wow my mentor , that was an excellent explanation . . 😍😍✍️💖💖 super brilliant. This is the reason we all love you so much. 😇😇 I was very sad today and getting bored 😥 but as soon as your video came, all my boring feelings were gone in no time and all my sadness converted into happiness .... 😍😍😘😘..... You are the best teacher ever. .... You have visually demonstrated, conceptually clearef and intuitively taught us something in just 11 minutes that 99.9% teachers fails to even give a slight idea behind the concepts. No one can ever teach us heat capacity like the way you taught us today 😍😍💐💐💐💐🏵🏵🏵🏵🌸🌸💮💮🌸🌸🌸🌻🌻🌻🌺🌺🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹.
Such awesome gift you guys have given us...❤️ A question- Why do we only count translational K.E as temperature ? Suppose a molecule is moving slowly (translational motion ) toward the container's/thermometer's wall, and also spinning very fast... now upon collision wouldn't that revolving atom hit it with it's angular momentum very hard relative to its translational momentum ? Imagine throwing a stick from its end so that it flies off spinning, aimed at a steel plate . Now wouldn't the spinning end of the stick hit harder than if the stick wasn't spinning and just moving translationally ? Thank you
In your scenario, prior to the collision, the energy has not yet equally distributed among all the different degrees of freedom. After the collision, some of the energy from the rotation has now been transformed into the kinetic energy of motion.
I've also been thinking of this scenario and, up to now, I have concluded that the addition of linear and rotational motions, which result in a more violent collision with the wall, is only half the story. There should also exist molecules hitting the wall whose rotation partly cancels their linear motion, thus leading to a net zero effect on average across all molecules in the system. Therefore, we can safely ignore the rotational component of motion when defining temperature. (I may be overlooking something, so by all means, correct me if I'm wrong).
Very helpful video in terms of understanding specific heat, e.g. it explains the observation that the c_p of helium gas is not a function to temperature. But, why does ONLY translational kinetic energy contribute to an substances temperature? Is it reasonable to think of rotational and vibrational energies as "internal energy storage" within the molecule -- and hence, do not significantly contribute to momentum transfer (between molecules or at the container wall)?
When we increase the temperature, we increase the pressure in the box. However, the rotations of the molecules don't contribute to the force on the walls of the box, hence the rotations don't contribute to the pressure, and hence the rotations don't contribute to the temperature. But the rotations store some of the thermal energy. If we add thermal energy in the form of rotations (as in the case of a microwave oven and water molecules), then this thermal energy will eventually become evenly spread out through all the different degrees of freedom, including the translational kinetic energy. Thanks for the compliment about my video.
"Temperature is proportional to the average translational kinetic energy per particle that makes up a substance. By translational we mean to-and-fro linear motion. For a gas, we refer to how fast the gas particles are bouncing back and forth; for a liquid, we refer to how fast they slide and jiggle past each other; and for a solid, we refer to how fast the particles move as they vibrate and jiggle in place. Note that temperature does not depend on how much of the substance you have. If you have a cup of hot water and then pour half of the water onto the floor, the water remaining in the cup hasn’t changed its temperature. The water remaining in the cup contains half the thermal energy that the full cup of water contained, because there are only half as many water molecules in the cup as before. Temperature is a per-particle property; thermal energy is related to the sum total kinetic energy of all of the particles in your sample.** Twice as much hot water has twice the thermal energy, even though its temperature (the average KE per particle) is the same." from textbook Conceptual Physical Science. I was wondering how it can be true what is written. Can you evaluate this piece of text? "By translational we mean to-and-fro linear motion" --- is he refering to 3 degrees of freedom?? Can we apply this to solids? Why he has written TRANSLATIONAL MOTION and TRANSLATIONAL kinetic energy (not just kinetic energy)? This is famous textbook and if he is wrong many students maybe confused. Second Part: "Particles in matter move in different ways. They move from one place to another, they rotate, and they vibrate to and fro. All these modes of motion, plus potential energy, contribute to the overall energy of a substance. Temperature, however, is defined by translational motion."
Some times I feel sad when I see like this channal have less than million subscriber and when I see non scientific channal have more than millions subscriber All respect to you from kurdistan/Iraq
Heh, I started reading Ohanian Physics 2nd Edition yesterday and this was one of the first things he started with. Kind of tedious since I already know it all, but it never hurts to brush up on the fundamentals. Plus you never know when you might have a revelation that lets you see/understand something from a different poin of view. That's always fun.
Quite a visual explanation of temperature in the kinetic sense. Missing a bit more of the thermodynamics version (the definition based on entropy change). Hope there will be a video of that and exploring negative temperatures!
@@EugeneKhutoryansky What is the problem with negative absolute temperatures? Other than they are weird. I don't understand why that "invalidates" a definition...
This is a great video! Perhaps you could follow up with the difference between constant volume and constant pressure heat capacity (heat capacity ratio, ratio of enthalpy to internal energy), showing the difference when work is done on the system as to when heat energy is added. For example, a piston compressing the gas adds work which is distributed to all of the degrees of freedom. Then you get into the Carnot cycle...
I cover how a gas can do work (and can have work done on it) and the carnot cycle in my video "Thermodynamics and the End of the Universe" at ruclips.net/video/GOrWy_yNBvY/видео.html
What ll happen if I supply heat energy to a single isolated atom? Will its internal energy rise? or its electrons start spinning faster? or it ll undergo fission? or what? please answer
Never thought about the degree of freedom associated with each individual atoms' rotation around its own nuclei in a molecule and how it is in fact neglected due to its low moment of inertia. Gained some great knowledge! I still need to study more about quantum gasses, Ising model, and maybe also Quantum Phase Transitions... There is a lot yet to understand
Your videos are great 😊😊 Can you please tell me...why thermal conductivity of QGP (quark gluon plasma) is considered nearly equal to zero? And could you please make one video related qgp.
Great effort , Eugene ........ Now I finally came to know about the underlying basic easy concept behind the hardly graspable concept of heat capacity. So now how will you explain the fact that specific heat capacity at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant volume? Please reply ...... Give an outstanding and intuitive answer.
Thanks for the compliment. In the case of constant pressure, as we add thermal energy, some of this energy will be used as work to expand the volume of our container, as we push against the container walls as the walls are moving. This energy that we do as work ends up reducing the temperature, and hence we need to add more thermal energy as heat to compensate for this and to raise the temperate.
I imagine a world where lectures are accompanied by these visuals. It really helps tie a lot of concepts together.
It’s been my dream for years
yeah, fuck conventional education
Covid and online lectures woulda been the perfect opportunity for it if we could have planned better
Schools are obsolete due to channels like this.
I will be using this video exactly as you describe in my lecture tomorrow 😊
These videos clears all my misconceptions regarding physics, I learn a lot here more than my class. Please keep uploading more videos, thank you.
I am glad my videos are helpful. More videos are on their way. Thanks.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky amazing how clear You are
@@EugeneKhutoryansky please make more videos on thermodynamics.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky I want to add my thanks - my goodness me this was a fantastic video!
@Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky You are the teacher the world needs in these times.
A few minutes in I realised this would be about heat capacity
Never really thought about how it works till now
Thank you for the video
I am glad you liked my video. Thanks.
The intuition you gain from watching these videos is out of the world. The animation is also amazing. Thanks a lot
Thanks for the compliments.
omggg it's always intuitive to me how motion of particles are conserved related to the temperature. I've never considered the rotation of the molecules. thanks again eugene sir
Thanks.
hi omni i watch blackpenredpen, eddie woo and this channel.
@@aashsyed1277 good, we share things we love
@@omniyambot9876 oh wow
What blows my mind is how gases defy laws of motion, because the collisions between molecules do not loose energy of motion... when laws of physics state that energy is lost in collisions so two objects even with perfect rigidity so theres no frictional losses in deformation of the objects when colliding they still will eventually stop. But atoms defy this and more around bouncing off the container walls and each other without loosing or transferring any energy.
By laws, atoms colliding with the container walls should transfer energy to the walls, and since the atoms are tiny in mass compared to the walls they would lose energy to the wall at a high rate, as more massive objects are barely moved when tiny objects strike them. With classical rules the molecules would lose energy to the walls and eventually stop moving, but this does not happen...ever...so how do they get to break the "laws"??
The atomic world breaks all the laws, but it's really too complicated for a chat window to get into...it really me as an chem. engr. that the atomic world and the macro world have two different sets of laws of physics whichcant apply to the other. If everything is made of atoms, should the laws governing atoms not also govern the objects built out of them?? Shouldnt constructed things not behave as the parts they are constructed from?
This is like saying wood has laws and properties set to define how wold behaves, but a shed built out of wood has zero properties of the wood pieces and totally different set of laws describing the sheds properties and behavior.
I’ve recommended your videos to many fellow students of physics. The animations and explanations are always top-notch! Keep up the amazing work.
Thanks for the compliments and thanks for recommending my videos. I am glad you like my videos.
My takeaway from quality videos like this is that university science professors should either learn 3D animation or consult animators more often when designing lectures.
They work so much better than chalk and power point.
I like the retro feel.
Never until today I realised how Degrees of Freedom are related to heat capacities. And all of this because of your videos. Thank you 🙏
I am glad my video was helpful. Thanks.
I finaly understand the heat pump! Thank you so much, you have given me much needed insight over the years about the underlaying physics of electricity and physics in general! Please keep uploading.
Thanks. I am glad that my videos are helpful. More videos are on their way.
I dont know who this Adam fella is but he is really energetic
Nice oneee! Hahaha
😂
🤣🤣🤣
Hiss.
absolutely love how the music goes from rock to uplifting to a random chopin prelude
Biggest fan of your voice.... No channel can beat this channel... You will be always in the top 5 in the world.
Thanks for the compliments.
This, 3b1b, and science clic are probably the best channels on RUclips.
Those downvotes are from people who are moved to tears by the beauty of physics and the simplicity of your explanation to see the upvote button.
We need to tell our professors to teach like this, and include these videos with the pp presentations they all like to give. Who here agrees? This is the new frontier when it comes to education! Your videos unravel concepts I spend hours reading.
I am glad that my videos are helpful. Thanks.
It’s refreshing to see particle physics finally get some love on RUclips.
The breakdown of where energy goes in the molecules was fascinating. I especially loved the 3 to 5 ratio of kinetic to rotational energy.
I am glad you liked my video. Thanks.
i wish I had this 30 years ago when I took a material science class.. :(
I hear you. I'm sure there are many older viewers who weep silently as they watch Eugene's video playlist. (Same with 3Blue1Brown's channel.)
Wow! What a clear description of heat capacity! I have always wondered about why the heat capacity changes in jumps when you add energy to a gas. This video makes clear, that this is because with enough heat, the changes of the energy states of the electron 'kicks in'. Although it is just briefly mentioned in this video, I now _for the first time_ understand this phenomenon!
Great work!
Thanks for the compliment about my video. It is actually other degrees of freedom that are primarily responsible for changes in the heat capacity with temperature: such as the vibrations between the atoms internal to the molecules, that kick in only at certain temperatures due to Quantum Mechanics. Thanks.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky Indeed. That had become clear to me thanks to this video.
Your videos do not explain concepts only explicitly, but also implicitly. Many of them are _really great!_
I often refer others to you.
Thanks.
i’m just about to reach this topic in condensed matter course, thank you for the brilliant intuition as always!!!
Thanks.
this is so much better than physics textbooks, not just the animation, but also the explanation. Putting them together, this is God sent. I have a much clearer understanding of temperatute and heat capacity from watching this than from reading several textbooks
Thanks for the compliments. I am glad my video was helpful.
This was...far beyond what i expected. You guys could have gotten away with much, much less of an effort without any pushback. Instead, we are left with this...
An absolutely beautiful, visually pleasing, simple yet concise explanations which work hand in hand with the animations to bring us an intuitive, entry-level walk-through of the standard model.
I'm honestly awe struck. I can confidently say this is easily one of the best videos on quantum mechanics I have yet had the privilege to enjoy here on RUclips. (and I watch nothing but science and physics docs on RUclips etc)
What an absolutely superb masterpiece, what an incredibly engaging tool which undoubtedly will benefit thousands and thousands of inquisitive minds.
Thank you so much for everyone responsible for this labor of love. It truly shows your passion for your field, and hoo boy what a treat the whole video was. It is insanely rare that animations , live explanations, and facts all come together so brilliant and organicly organized in such a way that the end product comes together to create something much, much greater than each part on it's own.
What an honor.
BTW make a video about the partial derivative of a vector field
Thanks for the really great compliments. Derivatives of vector fields is on my list of topics for future videos. Thanks.
Before finding this channel I loved Physics and Mathematics but now, my life is Physics and Mathematics.
Thanks
for one of the greatest explanations.
for one of the greatest inspirations.
for telling us the true beauty of nature through Physics and Mathematics.
Thanks for the compliments.
You have done justice by visualisation art , .None can explain in such simple manner .luv ur way of teaching mam.thumbs up
Thanks for the compliments.
Great video as always. when I repeat these videos more and more I will gain extra knowledge each time.
Thanks for the compliment.
I love the thermodynamics videos, keep up the great work
Thanks.
These videos are by far the best on youtube about physics, just amazing. I understand everything the first time you say them due to the depth of explanation, yet the videos somehow remain relatively short.
Thanks for the compliments about my videos. I also have some long videos too. For example, my video on Maxwell's Laws is almost 50 minutes long. My video on Thermodynamics, referenced at the end of this video, is 36 minutes long. Thanks.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky Ive watched them also, long is the wrong word considering the quantity of information and depth. My course takes atleast two weeks for each hour of your videos.
Absolutely beautiful
Thanks for explaining degree of freedom so intensily yet simple.
Thanks for the compliment about my video. I am glad you liked my explanation.
Best intuitive explanation of heat capacity I've ever seen.
Thanks. I am glad you liked my explanation.
Last year only we have been taught this in Thermal physics and Chemistry but could understand this much . Thank you so much
I am glad my video was helpful. Thanks.
These animations are absolutely beautiful! Thank you sir.
I am glad you like my animations. Thanks for the compliment.
Eugene, your videos prove the value of a free internet for all…The graphic representations help bridge imagination and reality; something my math teachers couldn’t do, or perhaps it was my brain that was not yet ready for it…I will become a Patreon on my next payday. Thank you kind sir!
Thanks for the compliments about my videos and I really appreciate your support on Patreon. Thank you.
Wow! Learning from these videos is awesome 👌. Really like your style of making videos. The truth is many students like me are learning and driven into science by people like you.
Thanks for the compliments. I am glad you like my videos.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky I must say your vidoes are amazing!!! Can you comment on my question . What can you say about these fragments in Conceptual Physics which I paste here in another comment? There is something wrong with these statements . How can be called tranasltional motion like ..."By translational we mean to-and-fro linear motion" Is it good definition? It rather refer to oscillation I think. Later we have "how fast the particles move as they vibrate and jiggle in place." - how can It be translational motion? How can you explain that this make sense and does not introduce confusion??
@@cielaczek81 An oscillation assumes that there is a state which the particle is attracted towards constantly as a returning position, like being pulled and pushed by a relatively static spring, where translational movement is unbounded, it is inertia and will only cease with another impulse. Two bonded atoms oscillate in the distance between each other, while their position in 3 dimensional space is their translational momentum.
I can't thank you enough for your videos they are wonderfully lucid with excellent animation and simple concise captions. Truly a breath of fresh air.
Thanks for the compliments about my videos.
Very well done. Well may be the best educational channel regarding physics.
Thanks for the compliments.
Your videos visualizes our imagination. Wonderful.
Thanks.
Terrific video - crisp and clear with great animations.
Thanks for the compliments.
More brilliantly animated, and easy to understand content provided by Mr. K. Easily one of the best channels on RUclips.
Thanks.
This video was quite insightful!
Thanks and keep up that amazing work of yours!
Thanks for the compliment. More videos are on their way.
Your videos should be used as educational material in schools😊👍
Thanks.
Thank you. Visualization is so helpful. You’re a genius and an artist.
Thanks for the compliments. I am glad my visualization was helpful.
Yaaay physics upload
Wow this video looks awesome
This is the best video lecture, I have seen on degrees of freedom and how they contribute to temperature. Wonderful Work. Thanks a ton for it.
Meritorious. Praiseworthy. Exemplary. Artistic. Admirable. Excellent. Honourable. Distinguished. Special. Splendid. Stupendous. Breathtaking. Marvellous. Fabulous. Spectacular. Magnificent. Majestic. Superb. Remarkable. Incredible. Legendry. Phenomenal. Exhilarating. Stimulating. Inspiring.
Thanks for the many compliments. I am glad you liked my video.
Truly awesome..
if only words could describe the awesomeness of your work.
Thanks for the compliments.
thank you
it is now clear for me why specific heat of water bigger than for iron
Eugene, consider doing a video on atmospheric CO2 and radiative forcing, and why it's logarithmic (and all that good stuff).
Your videos are amazing good at explaining Physics in a clear, concise, and intelligent way. I only recently discovered your Channel, but have become a fan, and subscribed. I'm looking forward to catching up on all the videos that I've missed. It is time well spent. Thanks!
Thanks for the compliments. I am glad to have you as a subscriber. I hope you enjoy all my older videos.
Come on dear
These clarification of topic through videos, makes my heart to love you.
God bless you dear, keep on doing good science work.
Thanks.
Very clear and informative animation, great work Eugene!
Thanks.
THANK YOU!
You are posting about the things I've always wondered about :)
Thanks.
Such a fruitful jaunt. Who knew that qualifying something as prosaic as temperature could takes us on such a tour.
I learned all of this stuff at college and did well enough but it never really clicked for me that this is what heat capacity is. Thanks
I am glad my video was helpful. Thanks.
Wow I've never had heat capacity explained so clearly before. Thank you for this understanding.
I am glad you liked my explanation. Thanks.
I really appreciate that you took the time to explain why rotations are excluded in the case of a single atom, it is often neglected and leaves a very poor understanding of degrees of freedom as well as related results such as the virial theorem.
Thanks.
I just want to say tank's to all of you guys!!!, you are making an exceptional job helping us to understand and expand our imagination
Thanks.
Whaooo... Such a huge work to make this excellent video. Time well spent! Thank you
Thanks. I am glad you liked my video.
This video is pure Gold..
Thanks for the compliment about my video. I am glad you liked it.
You are awesome and so are your videos. I truly thank you for the work you do!
Thank you very much for the compliments.
Спасибо за ваши ролики и канал! Благодаря им, прекрасной визуализации, мне удалость понять концепции, которые не осилил в школе.
P.S. Я, владея английским, пишу по-русски, так как полагаю, что автор (судя по его имени) владеет русским языком.
I'm in HIGH SCHOOL and I'm glad to watch these content from kind you and clear my Concepts and UNDERSTANDING.🥰
A hearty thanks for making this video 🙏
Thanks.
Im a visual learner so this helps me alot
Thanks. I am glad that my animations are helpful.
just...AMAZING! what an incredible explanation of temperature
Thanks. I am glad you liked my explanation.
These videos put me in a nice place.
I have a request: a couple of videos on change of state in physics: showing the difference between gas and liquid, liquid and solid.
In particular, I wanted to explain to my son (11) why water increases in volume when it freezes, and I have a mental image
but would love to see one of ypur beautiful visualizations on this! Thanks for all ypur hard work which does so much to inform, inspire and educate.
I will add that to my list of topics for future videos. Thanks.
Great video. I'm trying to learn Blender to make animations for my GCSE Physics students. These animations are tremendous and are inspiring me to keep learning.
Thanks for the compliment. Though, I don't use Blender. I make my 3D animations with "Poser." Thanks,.
Great channel.
I wish you would publish a series or lecture on how the linear accelerator works in detail and produces x-rays for medical applications. With Arabic translation available. Thank you very much
I have a video on linear accelerators (for producing neutrons), with Arabic subtitles available, at ruclips.net/video/1sQX1st5bbw/видео.html
You are doing great khutoryansky
Thanks for the compliment.
All these concepts were there with me, but in a hazy way. Got them cleared. And also, the music taste is great. Classical is my type! Cheers!
Thanks.
Wow my mentor , that was an excellent explanation . . 😍😍✍️💖💖 super brilliant.
This is the reason we all love you so much. 😇😇 I was very sad today and getting bored 😥 but as soon as your video came, all my boring feelings were gone in no time and all my sadness converted into happiness .... 😍😍😘😘..... You are the best teacher ever. .... You have visually demonstrated, conceptually clearef and intuitively taught us something in just 11 minutes that 99.9% teachers fails to even give a slight idea behind the concepts.
No one can ever teach us heat capacity like the way you taught us today 😍😍💐💐💐💐🏵🏵🏵🏵🌸🌸💮💮🌸🌸🌸🌻🌻🌻🌺🌺🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹.
Thanks for the really great compliments. I am glad you liked my video.
Thanks a thousand times! Your videos are amazing!
Thanks for the compliments.
this is so good !
You have answered a question that I asked myself a few days back.
thank you !
I am glad you liked my video and that it answered your question. Thanks.
Now I understand. You made me understand more.
I am glad my video helped with the understanding. Thanks.
I'm gonna have my thermodynamics midterm exam. You really save my life lol. Thx a lot!!
I am glad my videos are helpful. Good luck on your exam. Thanks.
Thank you Black Mesa Lady for making me understand more things.
This is the 2nd time you've made a video on the same topic taught by my teachers
Such awesome gift you guys have given us...❤️
A question- Why do we only count translational K.E as temperature ? Suppose a molecule is moving slowly (translational motion ) toward the container's/thermometer's wall, and also spinning very fast... now upon collision wouldn't that revolving atom hit it with it's angular momentum very hard relative to its translational momentum ? Imagine throwing a stick from its end so that it flies off spinning, aimed at a steel plate . Now wouldn't the spinning end of the stick hit harder than if the stick wasn't spinning and just moving translationally ?
Thank you
In your scenario, prior to the collision, the energy has not yet equally distributed among all the different degrees of freedom. After the collision, some of the energy from the rotation has now been transformed into the kinetic energy of motion.
I've also been thinking of this scenario and, up to now, I have concluded that the addition of linear and rotational motions, which result in a more violent collision with the wall, is only half the story. There should also exist molecules hitting the wall whose rotation partly cancels their linear motion, thus leading to a net zero effect on average across all molecules in the system. Therefore, we can safely ignore the rotational component of motion when defining temperature. (I may be overlooking something, so by all means, correct me if I'm wrong).
This video was a life saver to my understanding
I am glad my video was helpful. Thanks.
Temperature definition.
I have been confused internal energy and freedom and temperature. Thank you very much.
Very helpful video in terms of understanding specific heat, e.g. it explains the observation that the c_p of helium gas is not a function to temperature. But, why does ONLY translational kinetic energy contribute to an substances temperature? Is it reasonable to think of rotational and vibrational energies as "internal energy storage" within the molecule -- and hence, do not significantly contribute to momentum transfer (between molecules or at the container wall)?
When we increase the temperature, we increase the pressure in the box. However, the rotations of the molecules don't contribute to the force on the walls of the box, hence the rotations don't contribute to the pressure, and hence the rotations don't contribute to the temperature. But the rotations store some of the thermal energy. If we add thermal energy in the form of rotations (as in the case of a microwave oven and water molecules), then this thermal energy will eventually become evenly spread out through all the different degrees of freedom, including the translational kinetic energy. Thanks for the compliment about my video.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky Thanks for the explanation. Much appreciated!
Your stuff is a bit over my head but I see you leaving very polite comments on Sci Show videos quite often so I wish you much success
"Temperature is proportional to the average translational kinetic energy per
particle that makes up a substance. By translational we mean to-and-fro linear
motion. For a gas, we refer to how fast the gas particles are bouncing back and
forth; for a liquid, we refer to how fast they slide and jiggle past each other; and
for a solid, we refer to how fast the particles move as they vibrate and jiggle in place.
Note that temperature does not depend on how much of the substance you have. If
you have a cup of hot water and then pour half of the water onto the floor, the water
remaining in the cup hasn’t changed its temperature. The water remaining in the
cup contains half the thermal energy that the full cup of water contained, because
there are only half as many water molecules in the cup as before. Temperature is a
per-particle property; thermal energy is related to the sum total kinetic energy of all
of the particles in your sample.** Twice as much hot water has twice the thermal
energy, even though its temperature (the average
KE per particle) is the same." from textbook Conceptual Physical Science. I was wondering how it can be true what is written. Can you evaluate this piece of text? "By translational we mean to-and-fro linear
motion" --- is he refering to 3 degrees of freedom?? Can we apply this to solids? Why he has written TRANSLATIONAL MOTION and TRANSLATIONAL kinetic energy (not just kinetic energy)? This is famous textbook and if he is wrong many students maybe confused.
Second Part: "Particles in matter move in different
ways. They move from one place
to another, they rotate, and they
vibrate to and fro. All these modes
of motion, plus potential energy,
contribute to the overall energy of a
substance. Temperature, however, is
defined by translational motion."
Some times I feel sad when I see like this channal have less than million subscriber and when I see non scientific channal have more than millions subscriber
All respect to you from kurdistan/Iraq
Thanks.
Ooo mann what a coincidence! Thank you so much because i am teaching kinetic theory this year!! You are a life saver 🙏
I am glad my video is helpful. Thanks.
Wow. Clear as day. Great video!
Thanks.
I wish I had this content when I was studying statistical mechanics in college.
Heh, I started reading Ohanian Physics 2nd Edition yesterday and this was one of the first things he started with. Kind of tedious since I already know it all, but it never hurts to brush up on the fundamentals. Plus you never know when you might have a revelation that lets you see/understand something from a different poin of view. That's always fun.
Animation videos are changing the world of education in physics and many other fields !!
Thanks.
Calm voice.
The person who uploaded this is God
Thanks for the really great compliment.
once again, a brilliant explanation.
I am glad you liked my explanation. Thanks.
This video was brilliant. I wish I had seen it 50 years ago.
Thanks for the compliment about my video.
Quite a visual explanation of temperature in the kinetic sense. Missing a bit more of the thermodynamics version (the definition based on entropy change). Hope there will be a video of that and exploring negative temperatures!
The definition of temperature based on entropy change is not a valid definition, precisely because you can then end up with negative temperatures.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky What is the problem with negative absolute temperatures? Other than they are weird. I don't understand why that "invalidates" a definition...
This is a great video! Perhaps you could follow up with the difference between constant volume and constant pressure heat capacity (heat capacity ratio, ratio of enthalpy to internal energy), showing the difference when work is done on the system as to when heat energy is added. For example, a piston compressing the gas adds work which is distributed to all of the degrees of freedom. Then you get into the Carnot cycle...
I cover how a gas can do work (and can have work done on it) and the carnot cycle in my video "Thermodynamics and the End of the Universe" at ruclips.net/video/GOrWy_yNBvY/видео.html
What ll happen if I supply heat energy to a single isolated atom?
Will its internal energy rise? or its electrons start spinning faster? or it ll undergo fission? or what? please answer
This video is too good to be true. I loved it!
Thanks. I am glad you liked my video.
Fascinating and enlightening as always
Thanks.
Never thought about the degree of freedom associated with each individual atoms' rotation around its own nuclei in a molecule and how it is in fact neglected due to its low moment of inertia. Gained some great knowledge! I still need to study more about quantum gasses, Ising model, and maybe also Quantum Phase Transitions... There is a lot yet to understand
Your videos are great 😊😊
Can you please tell me...why thermal conductivity of QGP (quark gluon plasma) is considered nearly equal to zero? And could you please make one video related qgp.
Thank you for this explication, extraordinary, very clair
Thanks.
Great effort , Eugene ........ Now I finally came to know about the underlying basic easy concept behind the hardly graspable concept of heat capacity.
So now how will you explain the fact that specific heat capacity at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant volume?
Please reply ...... Give an outstanding and intuitive answer.
Thanks for the compliment. In the case of constant pressure, as we add thermal energy, some of this energy will be used as work to expand the volume of our container, as we push against the container walls as the walls are moving. This energy that we do as work ends up reducing the temperature, and hence we need to add more thermal energy as heat to compensate for this and to raise the temperate.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky Best perfect answer 💫💫
Frequency is key 🗝️
The universe the box and Lock 🔒