Skinner’s Operant Conditioning: Rewards & Punishments
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- Опубликовано: 1 авг 2024
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About this video lesson:
Operant conditioning is based on the idea that we can increase or decrease a certain behavior by adding a consequence.
Script: Selina Bador
Artist: Pascal Gaggelli
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Recording: Notienatsu
Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa
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To read the full script: docs.google.com/document/d/1Z...
Sources:
Operant Conditioning:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._S...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant...
psychology.fas.harvard.edu/pe...
www.verywellmind.com/behavior...
bcotb.com/the-difference-betw...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militar...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied...
Schedule of Reinforcement
courses.lumenlearning.com/wmo...
www.verywellmind.com/what-is-...
Examples from every-day life: studiousguy.com/examples-oper...
Critical view and 8 reasons why conditioning does not always work with humans:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Classroom experiment: education.uiowa.edu/sites/edu...
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You mustn't call it a reward, it's called a reinforcement: "Reward suggests compensation for behaving in a given way, often in some sort of contractual arrangement. Reinforcement in its etymological sense designates simply the strengthening of a response” (Skinner, 1963).
Thanks
Hey, thank you for pointing that out! I was interchanging the two.🧡👍
Hmmm
Thanks for the clarification 😊
@@missmegan2428 Nice products
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French student in psychology here.
Added French subtitles for verification.
Thank you very much for all this hard work ! I'm sure it will help new students a lot ! Keep going !
Hi Franky92b. Great job :)
Thank you so much for helping us reach French speakers as well!
New French student in psychology. It helped me a lot. The lesson was not very clear 😅
Tu as fini tes études aujourd'hui ? Où en es-tu ? Je ne suis qu'en première année pour le moment 😊
Please feel welcome to befriend ❤❤❤
Your video's contents is much more useful than 5 hours i spent in classes, great job ! Keep working on, your works means a lot to me. Thanks for everything
So helpful! For whatever reason I have never been able to retain this information until now. Thank you!
This is one of the best video I have watched during the pandemic. Thank you for making this!
Hi Fahim Akbar. Glad you enjoyed it! :)
So informative! I’ve studied this before for an examination the video helped me remember the information ! Thanks a zillion
Thank you, hadis! Wonderful to hear that! If you want to support us making more videos like this one, you can become our patron on www.patreon.com/sprouts!
Operant conditioning is one of these concepts that never get old! Until this day it is taught in psychology faculties and courses even though it’s nearly 100 years old!
Yeah, people start using it for their pleasure though. Thinking that’s normal and that’s not. They’re identifying with the control method as if they’re inseparable. That’s disgusting.
耳に受信機を埋め込まれた牧畜牛を電波でオペラント条件付けして決められた時間に餌場や寝床に誘導するシステムが実用化されていると既に2000年代前半に郷里の山口県の牧場経営者から聞いた。サイコパスではない一般市民にCOINTELPRO集団ストーカーをさせる仕組みも同様だろう
集団ストーカー加害者が犯行に及んだ瞬間にケータイから脳のtegmentumを刺激しdopamineを放出する電磁波を照射するのを繰り返してオペラント条件付けし集団ストーカー犯罪をやるたびに快感を感じさせることで自発的にストーカー行為をやるようになると考えられる
I'm studying to re-take my test (Certification) and your videos help me to break down this material.
Thanks for all you do!!
Glad to hear that!
Best Video in Skinner I have seen so far! Thank you SO SO SO SO MUCH!
I have just discovered this channel unexpectedly , and I am intensely elated to be a subscriber in this helpful RUclips channel.
your animations are absolutely BEAUTIFUL. your video concepts inspire me ♡
Hi I wish I knew, thank you so much for the lovely feedback! We are so glad to know our videos are useful to you :). If you would like to support us in making more videos.please subscribe or become our Patron at www.patreon.com/sprouts.
Cheers!
This channel is so helpful. Thank you for this great explanation.
I will apply this theory, so that you continue to make great videos like this.....
Positive reinforcement: I will give a like to the video
Negative reinforcement: I will report any inappropriate or hate comment
Positive punishment: I will comment that it could have been better
Negative punishment: I will turn off notifications for your channel
hahaha! I like the first two!!!
i love your channel sprouts! i've learnt some psych so i could incorporate some methods into my own studying ;)
e.g., positive reinforcement = every video i finish editing + chapter i finish of biology, i feed myself some COOKIES ♡
lol so clever !
How about -
Positive reinforcement: I will buy a mug.
But.. If I’ve subbed but has the notification off..?!?...😬😐..
Just came across this channel: absolutely awesome. Notification button hit; keep the good work coming 👍🏻
Hi Awakening 2019. Welcome aboard! If you like our videos and want to support us in making more head over to www.patreon.com/sprouts and become a Patron :) Thank you
You are the best biology teacher,you have a wisdom to explain simply and change learning to entertainment!
Your videos are so entertaining and help me learn. Even when I'm not working, I watch your videos!
Hi MuleOnEarth Sims, thank you for the lovely comment! If you enjoy our videos and want to support us in making more, please subscribe or perhaps become our Patron at www.patreon.com/sprouts :)
@@sprouts thanks! I'll make sure to check you out!
Thank you so much because today is my psychology exam of MPhil. I didn't read a single page of the bulky textbook but I acquired some vital theories and concepts in psychology through your valuable videos within a short time
Happy to hear that!
FINALLY UNDERSTOOD THE 4 CONCEPTS! 😩❤️
I'm a visual learner and this channel is perfect for helping me study for the NCE! Thank you!! :)
This is an excellent channel. Thanks for your videos.
Thank you so much 🔥
The use of the word "pleasant" in describing operant condition is misleading. Reinforcement and punishment are not about adding or removing "pleasant" or "unpleasant" consequences. They're about the relationship between the behavior and the consequence.
If a consequence increases the behavior, that is a reinforcement. If a consequence decreases the behavior, that's a punishment. It doesn't matter if the consequence is pleasant or not. For example, if you give the dog a treat after it performs a trick but that doesn't increase the frequency or probability of the dog performing the trick again, then the treat isn't a reinforcement. Similarly, if you yell at the dog after it poops on the carpet but that doesn't decrease the frequency or probability of the dog pooping on the carpet again, then yelling wasn't a punishment.
A lot of behavioral psychology is actually trying to find out what consequences are reinforcements and what consequences are punishments. Misunderstanding of reinforcements and punishments can lead to desired behaviors not being increased and undesired behaviors not being decreased.
good clarification
It's one of the most accurate (obviously simplistic) that I have seen about operant conditioning. The only thing that I can apoint Is that Skinner It wasn't against free Will, freedom or mental process, but he criticize their use as an explanatory tool, creating some kind of abstract aparatus full of engaging terms but not real evidence. Other thing Is the difference of control of the behaviour against manipulation of the behaviour. When Skinner talks about control, he Is talking about the mutual process of organized behaviour as a product of the consequences. So, for example, in an experiment, the behaviour of the rat Is not the only one that changed, also the behavior of the researcher It's been controled by the schedules of reinforcement of the experiment.
he was against it, hard determinst. But what's funny is that he took a tool, namely science, that can't prove itself by its own criteria over the most fundamental intuition that we all expedience, namely, free will. His ides created many problems in politics and they still do. There are many books on it. Even marxe's ides sound nice and innocent until you put them to practise. Intellectuals should be accountable for the pretentious nonsense they come up with.
Good..I like the video.... thank you... keep doing...
The picture of the man yelling at the dog really got me :(
does it make a difference if the dog just murdered the cat? or ate another dog? or do you envision yelling at a dog completely unjustified no matter the situation?
CircumcisionIsChildAbuse Jesus Christ you ever had or saw a dog eating another dog. Lol why you digging out for extremes. It’s natural to feel for someone getting punished because we understand it isn’t a pleasant thing and can sometimes be cruel and abusive
@@Ash-ty4qp because we are an extremely priveleged species that has been living in luxury for a very long time who forgets what nature is like.
Thank you.
Goodness can be found sometimes in the middle of hell.
In short:
Positive: *Chocolate*
Negative: *Sprays Water* "Bad Leonard!"
Thnx for subtitles
Thank u ❤️ really helpful ❤️❤️
Operant conditioning is used in education as well as the millers tree. The 'class' room, being one example.
Great video :)
I really like the graphics
Thanks camille!
Absolutely well done and definitely keep it up!!! 👍👍👍👍👍
Thanks for sharing this so informative.
Thanks Educ! Very happy to hear that!
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Love this x
Thank you very much.
You are so welcome :)
Thank you so much 💝
You're welcome 😊
Please explain about the priciples involving in shaping
About dog poop on the carpet: why punish the dog when the fault is in the owner? If you walk the dog regularly enough, it has no need to poop indoors. If it still by chance poops on the rug, it is a mistake, not a punishable act done on purpose. You can show the dog (and talk to it about it as you do it) it's unpleasant to clean it up, though; it will understand and feels ashamed. That's completely enough to get the dog understand carpets aren't for pooping.
As for having animals at all, they tend to be a bit messy at times, shedding hair, clawing, littering and wearing down, which is quite natural and unavoidable. It's wise not to have animals at all in a house too tidy and pristine to have these natural consequences, or to make sure they have enough surface to live their lives, replacing, covering or removing sensitive furniture, carpets and fragile things all together.
Very helpful. Tnks
Thank you
Thanks!
Welcome!
I'm watching only because of my exam !
hi I'm looking for t thorndike theory of learning, could you please make one for the same?
I am having a very hard time understanding the difference between reinforcement and punishment. Is there any way you can help clarify somethings with me. P.S your video was great
reinforcement is when the subject gains something good for doing something or gets something bad taken away in reaction to doing something it is supposed to do. punishment is when the subject gets a negative response or gets something good taken away because they did something wrong. reinforcement is almost like a reward, and punishment is the opposite. operant conditioning is used to increase or decrease behaviors, so reinforcement would be used to increase behavior and punishment would be used to decrease behavior.
2:50. This experiment might work in a classroom, or in vitro, but in real life, the person might feel disrespected because you're trying to manipulate them.
In operant conditioning the punishments are supposed to be complying without any emotional or psychological pressure or that’s abuse. American companies are really crossing the line on this and allowing very interpersonally damaging hygiene practices for the person in control
Anyone watching this video for an exam is in great danger of getting an F. That is, if their teacher/professor understands behaviorism at all.
hey bruh thats actually ma situation lol
@@ellios5734 read the operant conditioning chapter in science and human behavior (skinner's book) instead. really. this video is bullshit. good luck!
@@lorenagagamonster yeah OK thanks
🤣🤣🤣
Did u pass?
Great video
Can I translate this video to Portuguese, giving you the proper credit in the description? Great content; thank you for sharing.
Could you please make a video on Gagne's theory.
Thanks
Anyone know the name of the book he wrote I thought it was skinner anf cheese basically he wrote how the inner child chooses there partner based on hurts wounds carried over from childhood
Can u do video on how u undo subconscious programing of abuse since childhood
Good video, but although the procedure of operant conditioning has merits, behavior analysts have always eschewed explaining why it works, and for good reason, for a good explanation derived from neuroscience can upset a lot of apple carts.
To wit:
Operant conditioning and classical (respondent) conditioning do NOT reflect separate processes, only separate procedures.
Reinforcement is due to changing information or expectancies, and not due to S-R linkages.
Reinforcement is affective, or it feels good or bad, mainly due to the neurochemical activity in the brain as represented by dopamine and opioid systems.
Reinforcement is continuous, not discrete, and occurs when information changes or when it is expected to change (also known as priming effects, as when you alert to an incoming surprise, such as a lottery drawing)
Bio-behavioral or ‘unified reinforcement principles’ have been around and accepted by Skinnerian behaviorists and neuro-psychologists alike, and replace operant and respondent paradigms with a new way of looking at and implementing reinforcement that is based on ‘discrepancy’ principles. The good news is that all of this fits perfectly fine under what is called a ‘radical behaviorism’, the bad news is that behavior analysts will have to change how they explain operant conditioning, and even the procedures they use.
More references here from a lay and academic point of view.
www.scribd.com/document/495438436/A-Mouse-s-Tale-a-practical-explanation-and-handbook-of-motivation-from-the-perspective-of-a-humble-creature
www.researchgate.net/publication/262511550_Learning_processes_and_the_neural_analysis_of_conditioning
THANKS
Whew... good thing behavior analysis in the applied setting is radical behaviorism
Could anyone tell me which software they r. U using to create these video?
It's very helpful video 👍👍👍👍
*Sprouts* i like animals also thanks for this
02:10 If the human always gets paid after working, the human behaves predictably. If payment is given randomly (some work days are paid, and others aren't) the human behaves erratically, like an addict.
thanks for sharing video, usefull
Freedom for innocent Kabyles unjustly condamned
Are you guys on insta too?
not yet
dear with which software this video is created? thank you for repying
Which software u used for animation?
Hi patel dipanshu. Head over to our Patreon page www.patreon.com/sprouts to learn more about how we create our videos and what tools we use. You can also support us by becoming a Patron. Hope this helps :)
Greeat video Thank you
I think that it is important to note that denying free will is something extremely serious that shouldn't be taken lightly because free will is the crux of morality which manifests in politics.
To illustrate how wrong that view is, let me do a negative proof-like example:
> Let's assume that free will DOES NOT exist.
> If free will does not exist, we don't make choices.
> If we don't make choices then we are not accountable for our actions.
> If we are not accountable then we cannot be morally judged because morality relies on active decision making.
> as a consequence is a social setting (politics), you can't violate rights because rights wouldn't exist because morality doesn't exist (rights are a consequence of ethics in a social setting).
> this means that there cannot be any "good" or "bad" behavior because good and bad rely on a hierarchy of values which doesn't exist because ethics do not exist.
> and finally, this means that nobody can be persecuted for anything including murder, rape, torture, theft, etc, etc.
If this was true, you would HAVE TO accept that nothing is immoral and thus should be able to do as you please since you are not doing anything of your own free will anyway. Governments would be pointless. Laws would be pointless. Striving for happiness would be pointless. The only system that supports this kind of epistemological falsehood is absolute anarchy. To understand this subject further than I could ever explain, I'd refer to any objectivist book on the topic of epistemology.
Now, what I've presented here is not a proof for the existence of free will. I'm not qualified enough to explain it. I'm just presenting what would happen if it indeed didn't exist. It's a matter of epistemology. What differentiates animals from humans is this free will aspect. That's why we have a moral code while animals do not. Animals do not make choices. They cannot think long term and work on pure instinct (some rare cases do display the ability of free will but to such a minuscule degree of competence that it is practically nullified.
I personally don't see much of a difference between Skinner's conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning. They both seem to work on the lowest form of cognition of cause and effect. Both are correct in application but framed a little differently.
If anyone can explain to me what is the major difference I'd highly appreciate it.
Regarding the class exercise, it seems to be interesting to see the difference in results between children and adults. My hypothesis that if the child was able to understand the cues, then they followed them instinctively and that if the adult understands the cues it's because they are actively aware that they are implicitly asked to do something and follow the pattern. Although I might be wrong. Children might not have enough knowledge but also are not primitive enough to just try and follow a sensory pattern (sound in the clapping case).
you are right and this still didn't prevent politicians and marketing experts to implement these ideas. He comes from an age of positivism where science is take as a unquestionable deity and not the the messy tool that can't prove itself. He'd rather go against the most intuitive thing that he knows for some idea that uses the tool that can't prove itself by its own standards.
A "moral code" is just rule governed behavior based on the values of a specific group. From my understanding, free will is a myth. We only continue to do certain behaviors because in the past, under similar circumstances, said behaviors have been met with a favorable change in the environment. We are a slave to the environment. You only make choices based on how the environment changes
This is serious!
you got 666k subs rn
so interesting
Awesome
:) thanks!
The guy has the same name as me this is propa cool
awesome as usual 👍
Thank you, Abdel ben!
How i trained my dog
Yes!, reward
No!, it already knows punishment with ouch
so when i said No!, it stop doing it, fast way to control it
Good
ambot neng mga ing ane tuga2 way klaro og mga arguments cge rag padala sa emotion neng pastora..
My mother probably whipped my ass three years straight and it only taught me she wasn't doing it to condition my behavior.
Whatever happening in the mind was not a misconception to him-- ironically that is a common misconception
To think the skinner method became a total failure to the point where Chicago student grades were so horrible in the late 60's that Chicago was at the time called a human tragedy.
nice
So many untrues in this video.
Behavioural/learning theory has done so much damage around the world and still does.
If you use the carrot stick method on people, children or adults you'll get quick results in the short term and kill all intrinsic motivation not to mention the relationship.
Very true
Then how would you get someone to do something who wasn't intrinsically motivated, without the use of coercion or punishment?
@@IcanSeeMyselfOutThanks Good question. I suggest you watch the following video. It will probably make inmediate sense to you and leave you with the question, why aren't we doing this on a massive scale? ruclips.net/video/il0pTMHk6Qg/видео.html
Relationship matters (Dr Gordon Neufeld)
Well, just happened across this post again one year later... I'm sure you are just checking your sources.
I'm believer
So....study how rats (oh, and dogs too so as not to discriminate against other speciies) work and translate that to the way to teach humans? That is what I am getting out of this. Can it really be true? How do you see it?
Hello no. 1
Please turkish language🙏
On the way!
@@sprouts thank you 😊
Please provide emotionall intelligence
at 1:30 why does the dude on the left look like hitler lol
Can bf skinner be considered scientific? Say yes or no
Yes
ChatGPT ♥️🌹
Pooping on the carpet is a really poor example.
the experience was made by Skinner with pigeons and not rats
I wonder what was the reinforcement for the narrator to talk with that disgusting cracks in her voice ?
You're here becos of DIASS right?
The voice is annoying. Male voices are always better.
Truly painful to listen to this voice over with her upspeak and vocal fry
False. People are incorrigible and will never learn from the consequences of their actions.
Haha