8 Types Of Aquarium Filtration System | Basic Types of Aquarium Filtration Systems

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A healthy aquarium depends on maintaining clean water, which requires some means of filtration to remove contaminants and purify the water. Technically, there are three means of filtering aquarium water:
Biological filtration refers to the process by which beneficial bacteria break down ammonia and nitrite to transform them into nitrate, which is much less toxic. For beneficial bacteria to thrive, oxygen-rich water is needed, as well as a surface that bacteria can attach to, such as rocks or sand, or the media in the filter. All aquariums should have some provisions for biological filtration, and with very small fish populations, this alone might be sufficient to sustain the aquarium. However, in most aquariums, biological filtration will be just one method that is combined with others.
What is Biological Filtration?
The biological filter (sometimes called a biofilter) in a fish tank is a filter containing porous media that allows water to pass through it. This filter media serves as a home for aerobic, nitrifying bacteria that break down fish waste to keep the environment safe and non-toxic.
Chemical filtration is a process by which chemical additives remove dissolved wastes from the water. The most common method for chemical filtration uses activated carbon. Other chemical media added to the filter can remove chorine, ammonia or phosphate from the water. The chemical media needs to periodically be replaced.
Mechanical filtration is what most people think of as true filtration-machinery that removes solid particles from water by circulating water through filter membranes that strain out solid particles. It is important to understand that mechanical filtration alone is not sufficient since it does not remove or detoxify ammonia or nitrite in the water. Mechanical filtration serves to remove free-floating waste before it decays into harmful substances, and to be beneficial the filter material must be cleaned or replaced every two to four weeks. In addition to filtering particulates from the water, mechanical filtration assists in aerating the water.
To effectively maintain an aquarium, a filter should run all the water in the tank through the filter at least four times each hour. When choosing a filter system, pay attention to what kind of filtration it offers-biological, chemical, or mechanical. Some systems combine the different forms of filtration, to varying degrees of success.
There are eight common forms of filtration systems from which you can choose.

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