I am very grateful for your multiple trips to the volcano, you give the best reports by far. I can’t wait to get home from work to see your next report. Greetings from Australia 🇦🇺😍
Would be great if the hiking boot company would sponsor you with new boots !!! That lava has got to be chewing up your boots !!!! Again, Great videos !!! Thank You from Colorado !!!!
I very much enjoy your videos! More than anyone else, you have documented and shared the changes and details of this volcano system. This is the next best thing to being able to go there myself. Thank you!
What an I interesting landscape. I wish I could travel there. I am not very mobile, getting around with Walker. The beauty of the internet let's me enjoy so much. Thank you Roman for providing all the extra footage.
I gather there are quite a number of us Gutn Tog fans in the same predicament. But we sure know how to have fun all THANKS to Mr. Roman alias Gutn Tog and his charming wife Nina. Enjoy and have a lovely day.
Roman, you are Iceland’s “Curiosity Rover”! The stark, rocky landscape is so reminiscent of the surface of Mars. What an adventure you are taking us on!
Beautiful lava valley! … I sure hope the lava doesn’t even think of coming near the drinking stone. I love the story behind it. It does make me think of it as sacred. ❤️
Your smile at the beginning says it all... you love going there as much as we love seeing it! (Is it me, or are most of the Icelandic men I've seen been pretty good looking?)... Might have to come on a long vacation, and check out the scene, man. Or man scene! 😉.
The rocks of this canyon seem to be composed by an alternation of lava flows and volcanic breccia, a detrital rock of volcanic origin where small blocks are cemented by even finer elements, including tephras. A big thank you for all your explorations and explanations! All we need are the smells, the temperatures and the physical effort to take part in your hikes in this exceptional site ...
Half expected to see an Icelandic elf house / village tucked up into that small canyon complete with some tiny flower gardens! Thank you for taking time to visit eruption sites so often!
So many thanks for sharing the raw beauty and what mother nature is doing. Very interesting drinking water stones. The little violets at the beginning of the video, we have maybe the same small species in Maine USA, and I've have always called them field violets.
Thanks for your great video coverage! Please show more from Meradalir. The lava flow seems to mostly be going down there for the last 24h. The other parts of the eruption are very well covered by 24/7 live streams now, but no cam showing Meradalir.
One of my biggest hobbies is Gemology & Geology, they both go hand in hand with each other, when looking for gem stones… I know there has to be a lot of loose, large diamonds in the rough, on the ground & stuck on the rocks!!! I would take bets that there is a lot, along with other gem stones also there too!!! I wish I could go there & walk through that canyon with my pick & take a nice long look around, to see what I could find!!! I collect all kinds of jewelry & a lot of loose gem stones for my collection & I can just feel it, that there is a lot there plus, the amounts of raw stones that could make up a huge parcel of them & that there is so much of them, on that land!!! LOL… A volcano & glacier area’s, are very rich in precious stones, that are formed under extreme high pressure & extreme heat especially, coming from & out of the earth’s core… And, I’d have such a great time looking around, lightly digging into the surrounding area, it would be truly amazing!!! All ya need is a minors pick & a screwdriver plus, a small pale or sac, to put your sparkly, rough treasures in & you would be good to go!!! There’s a lot of money to be made also, in loose gems too… I would love to get in there & check it out, to see what I could find… I’ve done some amazing & really fun digging here in the US especially, in the Carolina’s & Georgia, where there is a lot of crystallized material to be found!!! 👍🏻🌋☄️💥🔥⛰🧊💍💎⛏🔹♦️🔸
What I would love to see in Iceland is the oldest archeological Viking site in Stöðvarfjörður, eastern Iceland. Artefacts dating to 800 AD have been found apparently. Roman and middle eastern coins found, show the extent to which the Vikings were connected to the world at this early time. I would love to take a look at these archeological treasures.
Hi from Ontario Canada - have been following you from the beginning of the eruption. Thanks for the side trip to the little church - very beautiful and well kept. Enjoy your conversations in the videos and also Polly and her ball when you go out walking. Greetings to you and your wife. Blessings always.
Thanks also for taking us to see the glacial stone (I don't know the middle word you're saying :) ) to see how close the lava is. It will undoubtedly be overtaken, and if the volcano keeps erupting, it will be buried. So sad, but the world is constantly changing, and at least there are photos of it. . . .and your video!
Igneous rocks form when magma (molten rock) cools and crystallizes, either at volcanoes on the surface of the Earth or while the melted rock is still inside the crust. All magma develops underground, in the lower crust or upper mantle, because of the intense heat there. Igneous rocks can have many different compositions, depending on the magma they cool from.
I visited Iceland two years ago across the Southern coast and up through the Golden Circle - wonderful and amazing but... I should have had you as my guide!!!!
The rock looks like conglomerate, could be formed by glacial action, the nuggets of stone look like they are cemented by silica. Great video as are all your others.
From 8:40 to 9:10 when you were filming from the Natthagi cam .. You identified the choke point exiting the valley which would make a good location for the next earthen berm or other diversionary barrier
Roman, thanks for another very interesting video of an area that could succumb to the traveling lava flows, the drinking stone you shown on other video was cool & you tasting the water. You really need to be selling merch, you tube takes to much, you tube is greedy
Those types of volcanos wont erupt a 2nd time. The basaltic magma cools closing off access to the surface. When it comes back it's easier to find a new path to the surface than use an old one.
@@pegflorida9700 Just about one to two miles away. If you would like an idea of where it is in relation to Natthagi Valley enter Iceland Volcano Fan Map into Goggle search. Very interesting and helpful to follow his videos.
@@jonathancolwell5918 if they cover it with dirt it's to prevent direct contact with the lava. That why I said it could be dug out. SIMPLE gps pin and some excavators and alot of good luck and it might be intact. The other is watch it get covered without trying. If you have a better idea let us know!
@@josefsaldivar9172 you are assuming many things that may bot be true: you may cover the rock with dirt but the lava will just bake that dirt and glue the lava-dirt-rock into a single mess that cannot be separated. Then, what is really the point? Let the natural process evolve. It is worth to spend all the proposed resources you propose to save a “drinking stone”? I don’t think so, much less with taxes. Now, if you are willing to pay for all that yourself…
@@Petrvsco unless your a scientist, your guess is as good as mine. Some things are worth savings. And if I was there I would talk to the authorities and use my money for something good. But I live in texas. So good luck to you and the rock.
That little canyon is great. It looks like the rocks are composed of large angular fragments suspended in a matrix of finer material. The fragments appear angular. I would guess that rock is a volcanic breccia (pronounced ‘bretcha’). If so, it records a much more violent and explosive eruption called a pyroclastic flow. Those result from cooler magmas that are rich on volatile gases (water vapor and CO2). Instead of fountains like we’ve been seeing here, you get a massive explosion. Also - the pattern on the ground at 10:15 is strange. It looks like a garden rake went over the surface. What is that?
@5:28 mark. Looks like the fishing box is used to water the livestock. Just haven't come gotten it yet. Looks like they are tearing down the fencing because of the Lava coming
That looks like a man in a hooded cloak looking back at you when you turned back in the glacier rock channel. Pareidolia at it's best. I nearly fell off my bed I was so shocked.
Maybe. Purely basaltic eruptions are normally not explosive enough to produce those except very localized near the vents. More common at volcanoes erupting dacite or rhyolite compositions (higher silica content).
@@sgtbilkothe3rd Basalt though can be explosive as there is signs Mauna Loa has been explosive in the past, likely due to water getting into the volcano in enough amounts to trigger a explosive release but after that blast it just kind of oozes out like normal.
Who owns the camera we see at #9:05 in this video? Does it belong to the Government, a TV Station or Vidburdastofa Vestfjarda (I think they are a 🇮🇸tourist company?) looks like they’ll be out of another camera when the Lava reaches it. Gutn Tog & his lovely wife. will be in the best physical condition. 21 very LONG walks along a most rocky terrain ever.
The rock looks like a lahar deposit from a volcanic mudflow, based on the variety of particle sizes and orientation. Hard to tell from 5000 miles away.
Not just the terminal moraine from a now-gone glacier then? Which would be composed of whatever rock types the glacier had encountered. [EDIT - corrected spelling]
🤣 . . . Roman I DO love your videos! 🤗 . . . You may not be the most knowledgeable explorer (I'm not sure that IS a canyon 😕) but then neither am I ! You present things just as you see them and it's like you take all the little kids inside everyone on a 'discovery adventure' I'd love to be there and I would check out everything exactly the same way you do! I saw this green field last week in your video is it a field that was plowed and planted or has it just developed naturally? The Nátthagi Valley seems much lower than where the lava is coming from so it would take a long time for the 'drinking stone' to be consumed, I think they are safe for a long time yet . . . BUT, if this does go on for decades then say 'bye bye' 😞
The lava is not going towards any house or towns. It will, however cut the coast road, which is the only proper road on that side of the peninsular. It will also bury the internet and telecommunications fibre connection with Europe. Which is OK - until it breaks down and they have to dig through possibly still hot lava
Moraine - word used in English (comes from French), meaning pile or hill of rocks, stones and earth deposited across the end or along the side of a glacier (remaining after the glacier itself has vanished).
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
It's good you are documenting so much so that at least the vidios can be archived for future generations. So valuable!
God Bless you, you are the greatest., and your lovely spouse Nina…
So peaceful, beautiful landscape, and even flowers! Another very interesting video. Thank you!
I am very grateful for your multiple trips to the volcano, you give the best reports by far. I can’t wait to get home from work to see your next report. Greetings from Australia 🇦🇺😍
Thank you for sharing your stunning country and its active volcano with us!
Those Ice Age rocks are amazing! Thanks for showing them to us. How you keep from breaking an ankle is beyond me. You must be part mountain goat!
Thanks again Gutn Tog for sharing a new perspective of this amazing place! Really interesting and very much appreciated!
wow... great heart shaped rock at 2.22 🧡 thanks for sharing these interesting landscapes, as well as the volcano updates, with us all.
Thanks again for all you've shown us & Hope to continue on. Praying for you & yours, Also, for your Beautiful Country.
Thank you for spending so much time at the volcano for our benefit!
Thanks for all your trips. You and Nina really provide a "local" perspective. Very enjoyable. Be safe!
Roman, such a beautiful video! And also your narration. 💛🙏🏼
Would be great if the hiking boot company would sponsor you with new boots !!! That lava has got to be chewing up your boots !!!! Again, Great videos !!! Thank You from Colorado !!!!
What a lovely video, had to see it twice
I very much enjoy your videos! More than anyone else, you have documented and shared the changes and details of this volcano system. This is the next best thing to being able to go there myself. Thank you!
What an I interesting landscape. I wish I could travel there. I am not very mobile, getting around with Walker. The beauty of the internet let's me enjoy so much. Thank you Roman for providing all the extra footage.
Same here, Sep. The Internet allows me to "armchair" travel, for which I am grateful!! Take care.
I gather there are quite a number of us Gutn Tog fans in the same predicament. But we sure know how to have fun all THANKS to Mr. Roman alias Gutn Tog and his charming wife Nina. Enjoy and have a lovely day.
Got that right!
Much obliged for the continuous, kind and gentle presentation of the Icelandic eruption, its changes and consequences.
Thank you for showing us all this interesting stuff!
You are a Legend my friend sharing remarkable features of your magnificently beautiful country, appreciating you.
I like the pattern in the soil around 8 minutes. Very cool. Thanks for bringing us along on another cool exploration!
That makes sense, thanks!
Thank you for taking 21 trips! You're coverage has been RIVETING 🌋🌋🌋
Sincerely, A New Subscriber
Roman, you are Iceland’s “Curiosity Rover”! The stark, rocky landscape is so reminiscent of the surface of Mars. What an adventure you are taking us on!
I like to see the different things that you show us that we don't see from anyone else.
Me too! Really adds interest!
I love this trek and commentary on the rocks and the drinking stone. How marvelous.
21 trips. wow. thanks for sharing
Thank you for another interesting upload. Take care and stay safe. xx
Beautiful lava valley! … I sure hope the lava doesn’t even think of coming near the drinking stone. I love the story behind it. It does make me think of it as sacred. ❤️
Your smile at the beginning says it all... you love going there as much as we love seeing it! (Is it me, or are most of the Icelandic men I've seen been pretty good looking?)... Might have to come on a long vacation, and check out the scene, man. Or man scene! 😉.
21 trips that have made several thousand people very happy!
The rocks of this canyon seem to be composed by an alternation of lava flows and volcanic breccia, a detrital rock of volcanic origin where small blocks are cemented by even finer elements, including tephras. A big thank you for all your explorations and explanations! All we need are the smells, the temperatures and the physical effort to take part in your hikes in this exceptional site ...
I ain’t got no dictionary, but I think I figured it out... Chunky papier-mâché of the lava lands.
It always amazes me when you see life clinging on to whatever little piece of soil.
Thank you, now I have an idea of the real distances and where the lava could flow.
Half expected to see an Icelandic elf house / village tucked up into that small canyon complete with some tiny flower gardens! Thank you for taking time to visit eruption sites so often!
You seemingly missed the "giant" just peeking down the canyon here: ruclips.net/video/mZrVaslQ3fU/видео.html
Yes show the future path
Thank you for taking us along on your hikes to the volcano. Your videos are so beautiful and interesting.
After all the wind and lava noise,that canyon was lovely and silent. The quietest of your films,. Thanks again Roman🏴👍🤔🏴
Wow. I love the tour. Thank you so much from Phoenix, Az, USA
Good stuff, You must be as fit as a butcher's dog with all your adventures up and down hills and valleys, love your wee channel.
Not heard that expression in a long time 😂♥️
I've been thinking the same thing for a while: "Wow, he & Nina must be in their best physical condition ever."
..fit as a butcher’s dog...I’ve never heard that expression before, but I love it!!
And I love you comment. What country? Greetings from OHIO!
@@redhedhik-chik2510 Newry and mourne N Ireland xx
So many thanks for sharing the raw beauty and what mother nature is doing. Very interesting drinking water stones. The little violets at the beginning of the video, we have maybe the same small species in Maine USA, and I've have always called them field violets.
Thanks for your great video coverage! Please show more from Meradalir. The lava flow seems to mostly be going down there for the last 24h. The other parts of the eruption are very well covered by 24/7 live streams now, but no cam showing Meradalir.
Thanks for all your films . You have brought this volcano into our homes for us to see. Carry on with your interesting films.
I appreciate all ur good work showing us what's happening. 👍
You are in some great shape from all these hikes bro!
So happy you got to see the "glacier exotic stone". Been waiting to see this video. Be safe there.
Edit: Congratulations on your 21 trip
One of my biggest hobbies is Gemology & Geology, they both go hand in hand with each other, when looking for gem stones… I know there has to be a lot of loose, large diamonds in the rough, on the ground & stuck on the rocks!!! I would take bets that there is a lot, along with other gem stones also there too!!! I wish I could go there & walk through that canyon with my pick & take a nice long look around, to see what I could find!!! I collect all kinds of jewelry & a lot of loose gem stones for my collection & I can just feel it, that there is a lot there plus, the amounts of raw stones that could make up a huge parcel of them & that there is so much of them, on that land!!! LOL… A volcano & glacier area’s, are very rich in precious stones, that are formed under extreme high pressure & extreme heat especially, coming from & out of the earth’s core… And, I’d have such a great time looking around, lightly digging into the surrounding area, it would be truly amazing!!! All ya need is a minors pick & a screwdriver plus, a small pale or sac, to put your sparkly, rough treasures in & you would be good to go!!! There’s a lot of money to be made also, in loose gems too… I would love to get in there & check it out, to see what I could find… I’ve done some amazing & really fun digging here in the US especially, in the Carolina’s & Georgia, where there is a lot of crystallized material to be found!!! 👍🏻🌋☄️💥🔥⛰🧊💍💎⛏🔹♦️🔸
What I would love to see in Iceland is the oldest archeological Viking site in Stöðvarfjörður, eastern Iceland. Artefacts dating to 800 AD have been found apparently. Roman and middle eastern coins found, show the extent to which the Vikings were connected to the world at this early time. I would love to take a look at these archeological treasures.
Hi from Ontario Canada - have been following you from the beginning of the eruption. Thanks for the side trip to the little church - very beautiful and well kept. Enjoy your conversations
in the videos and also Polly and her ball when you go out walking. Greetings to you and your wife. Blessings always.
GutnTog - You the Man !!!!!!!!! Y T M !!!
Iceland is a beautiful place! Thanks👍❤🙏🙏🙏
Good to see you found your way out of the forest and found your car. Thanks for the trip and great update.
Thanks also for taking us to see the glacial stone (I don't know the middle word you're saying :) ) to see how close the lava is. It will undoubtedly be overtaken, and if the volcano keeps erupting, it will be buried. So sad, but the world is constantly changing, and at least there are photos of it. . . .and your video!
@Personal PronounSir Perfect response - thank you very much!
This type of stone is called hyaloclastite, its formed by subglacial or underwater eruptions.
This is correct.
So “interesting for the people” 😂👍 Thank you so much 😊❤️
Very cool path through the rocks!
Thank you for your videos. We have been following you from the beginning. Watching from the island of Dominica, West Indies
You showed me ghedrinking stone earlier today. Amazing 👏🙀😮😲🏴
Roman, thanks for another side trip, after the Church by the sea. That small canyon you climbed up is interesting. Ice age eruptions.
It's obvious that people in Iceland are accustomed to walking considerable distances.
All those rocks in the walls of that small canyon are from the tourists back in the day throwing rocks into the lava. :)
Ha ha!
Igneous rocks form when magma (molten rock) cools and crystallizes, either at volcanoes on the surface of the Earth or while the melted rock is still inside the crust. All magma develops underground, in the lower crust or upper mantle, because of the intense heat there. Igneous rocks can have many different compositions, depending on the magma they cool from.
I visited Iceland two years ago across the Southern coast and up through the Golden Circle - wonderful and amazing but... I should have had you as my guide!!!!
So pretty!! Thank you!
The rock looks like conglomerate, could be formed by glacial action, the nuggets of stone look like they are cemented by silica.
Great video as are all your others.
I love the way you say 'Lava'!
From 8:40 to 9:10 when you were filming from the Natthagi cam .. You identified the choke point exiting the valley which would make a good location for the next earthen berm or other diversionary barrier
Roman, thanks for another very interesting video of an area that could succumb to the traveling lava flows, the drinking stone you shown on other video was cool & you tasting the water. You really need to be selling merch, you tube takes to much, you tube is greedy
Yep! You only live once! Take the path that calls You
You saw what happened with the last wall. Once breached you get ALL that lava at once instead of a slow creep forward
Those types of volcanos wont erupt a 2nd time. The basaltic magma cools closing off access to the surface. When it comes back it's easier to find a new path to the surface than use an old one.
Not necessarily true Kilauea, and Manaloa in Hawaii is the same type of volcanic system and have erupted before and will probably again.
Your a peach of a guy!! Good to see your face! Pretty canyon !
Awesome video love rocks
This is the camera that monitors the Lava Flow into the Valley.. x10.
Gutn, as a suggestion you could show the possible path of the lava, until it reaches the ocean
Yes please! Where is the ocean?
Previous video from above the valley showed the path
@@pegflorida9700 Just about one to two miles away. If you would like an idea of where it is in relation to Natthagi Valley enter Iceland Volcano Fan Map into Goggle search. Very interesting and helpful to follow his videos.
@@manuelabreinich3019 Thank you very much!
The “fish box” is a water trough.for livestock, maybe sheep?
Seems obvious. Repurposed fish box. Same happen in my country. You see some odd objects used as drinking trough. EG. Porcelain baths
🙏🙏👍🏻🥰❤️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️❤️👍🏻prenez bien soin de vous 🤗🌺🌻🌼
The government should cover the drinking stone with dirt, hopefully it can be unearth once the volcano calms.
Good idea. Take tomorrow off and pay yourself 8 hours.
it would still get entombed in the lava even if covered in dirt
@@jonathancolwell5918 if they cover it with dirt it's to prevent direct contact with the lava. That why I said it could be dug out. SIMPLE gps pin and some excavators and alot of good luck and it might be intact.
The other is watch it get covered without trying.
If you have a better idea let us know!
@@josefsaldivar9172 you are assuming many things that may bot be true: you may cover the rock with dirt but the lava will just bake that dirt and glue the lava-dirt-rock into a single mess that cannot be separated. Then, what is really the point? Let the natural process evolve. It is worth to spend all the proposed resources you propose to save a “drinking stone”? I don’t think so, much less with taxes. Now, if you are willing to pay for all that yourself…
@@Petrvsco unless your a scientist, your guess is as good as mine. Some things are worth savings. And if I was there I would talk to the authorities and use my money for something good. But I live in texas. So good luck to you and the rock.
If you ever find a beer drinking stone, I'll gladly bless it.
Look!He's making all things new!
That little canyon is great. It looks like the rocks are composed of large angular fragments suspended in a matrix of finer material. The fragments appear angular. I would guess that rock is a volcanic breccia (pronounced ‘bretcha’). If so, it records a much more violent and explosive eruption called a pyroclastic flow. Those result from cooler magmas that are rich on volatile gases (water vapor and CO2). Instead of fountains like we’ve been seeing here, you get a massive explosion. Also - the pattern on the ground at 10:15 is strange. It looks like a garden rake went over the surface. What is that?
I hope that volcano u showed us dont go off destoy them loverly ice age rocks thanks for walking to it showing us
You must eat good food to be so healthy!
Did you get some sleep at least? Thank you for your beautiful images and information!
@5:28 mark. Looks like the fishing box is used to water the livestock. Just haven't come gotten it yet. Looks like they are tearing down the fencing because of the Lava coming
I know Iceland better than my hometown ! Thank you
Maybe Comgromalate Stones full of Fossils. From prior time when it was the ocean bottom. Now preserved in stone.
That looks like a man in a hooded cloak looking back at you when you turned back in the glacier rock channel. Pareidolia at it's best. I nearly fell off my bed I was so shocked.
Wow, erratic stone strong!
how many miles (kilometers) to the highway?
I wonder if that rock is a welded tuff from a pyroclastic airfall event.
Maybe. Purely basaltic eruptions are normally not explosive enough to produce those except very localized near the vents. More common at volcanoes erupting dacite or rhyolite compositions (higher silica content).
@@sgtbilkothe3rd Iceland has all kinds of volcanoes.
@@sgtbilkothe3rd Basalt though can be explosive as there is signs Mauna Loa has been explosive in the past, likely due to water getting into the volcano in enough amounts to trigger a explosive release but after that blast it just kind of oozes out like normal.
@@generaldong-dong5635 Hyaloclastite is more likely, sub ice.
@@josephastier7421 Nope. Not all kinds.
I would love to hopefully see a image of this volcanic area from the ISS!
Who owns the camera we see at #9:05 in this video? Does it belong to the Government, a TV Station or Vidburdastofa Vestfjarda (I think they are a 🇮🇸tourist company?) looks like they’ll be out of another camera when the Lava reaches it.
Gutn Tog & his lovely wife. will be in the best physical condition. 21 very LONG walks along a most rocky terrain ever.
Some news of the lava spreading in north Meradalir? Nobody looks at the northern side of the eruption. Would it not be a new field specially for You?
Thank you x
Your videos are informative and helpful to a stranger of your lovely island, how far away is the lava from main road or the sea gutn tog?
The rock looks like a lahar deposit from a volcanic mudflow, based on the variety of particle sizes and orientation. Hard to tell from 5000 miles away.
Not just the terminal moraine from a now-gone glacier then? Which would be composed of whatever rock types the glacier had encountered. [EDIT - corrected spelling]
If you dug a trench where I am trying to dig post holes for my new wood shed it would look just like this canyon.
🤣 . . . Roman I DO love your videos! 🤗 . . . You may not be the most knowledgeable explorer (I'm not sure that IS a canyon 😕) but then neither am I ! You present things just as you see them and it's like you take all the little kids inside everyone on a 'discovery adventure' I'd love to be there and I would check out everything exactly the same way you do!
I saw this green field last week in your video is it a field that was plowed and planted or has it just developed naturally?
The Nátthagi Valley seems much lower than where the lava is coming from so it would take a long time for the 'drinking stone' to be consumed, I think they are safe for a long time yet . . . BUT, if this does go on for decades then say 'bye bye' 😞
Question why dont they build a trench so the lava can follow it to the ocean,and stay away from the town or village?
The lava is not going towards any house or towns. It will, however cut the coast road, which is the only proper road on that side of the peninsular. It will also bury the internet and telecommunications fibre connection with Europe. Which is OK - until it breaks down and they have to dig through possibly still hot lava
That canyon looks like a pretty good funnel to direct lava to ocean away from the fishing town.
I hope you managed to get the moment the big rock got surrounded.
Moraine - word used in English (comes from French), meaning pile or hill of rocks, stones and earth deposited across the end or along the side of a glacier (remaining after the glacier itself has vanished).