Bordetella pertussis : Microbiology

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  • Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024
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    Bordetella pertussis is the bacterial agent chiefly responsible for whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory illness primarily affecting infants and young children. While vaccination has significantly reduced its incidence, outbreaks still occur, especially in unvaccinated populations or among those with waning immunity. The disease typically manifests in three distinct phases: the catarrhal phase, resembling a common cold with symptoms such as low-grade fever, runny nose, and mild cough; the paroxysmal phase, marked by severe, repetitive coughing fits followed by a characteristic "whooping" sound during inhalation; and the convalescent phase, where symptoms gradually diminish but may persist for weeks. Diagnosis primarily hinges on clinical symptoms and patient history, although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and bacterial cultures can provide definitive confirmation, particularly in atypical or severe cases. Treatment generally involves antibiotic administration, commonly azithromycin or erythromycin, to limit bacterial spread, along with supportive measures like hydration and cough relief. Preventive approaches include widespread vaccination with the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) or DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) vaccines, which are administered as part of routine childhood immunization schedules. The understanding of each stage, from initial symptoms to convalescence, is critical for timely diagnosis and intervention.
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