As a 20 year veteran physics teacher I can say this is one of the best descriptions of the phenomenon I have seen online and this will so be used by my class this year. I also love being able to give my female physics students a role model so they can see themselves in physics and engineering and you are great for that. Please keep making more of these although i also love showing your engineering videos to my robotics class as they show how much prototyping, retooling, redesigning, etc that is necessary to make things actually work. Thanks for this and all the other content.. (btw one of your flight proven Seasons Yeetings ornaments has a place of pride in my classroom)
If you're looking for additional good videos to show your students, check out the Animagraffs video "How the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird Works". There is a ton of useful information in that video, about sonic booms and a whole range of other related topics.
@@xylafoxlin Good presentation, but in all that you never mentioned that where you can hear the boom is within the conic section ie where the ground intersects the cone of the sonic boom. Parts of calculus books are devoted to conic sections, and that is a succinct way to look at it.
I'm actually a middle school science teacher and I had to comment to that this video is really well done. Probably not something I would use in everyday middle school classes, but something I would absolutely use as a resource at either an extra-curricular level or high school level. The information, visuals of the video, and clarity in presentation of information all merged together really well to create an engaging and comprehendible video. Nice job! Would love to see more like this from you. (As a side-note, I've shown your videos before in extra-curricular or off-day settings as an example of an awesome woman in science and engineering putting her work out in an engaging way for kids to discover. Love your channel; keep it up!)
As a high school science teacher...I agree, but I would change or explain that sound waves are longitudinal pressure waves and not transverse sine waves...especially the graphic showing the sine wave emanating from the speaker. This is a very well done and clear video about sonic booms. Thank you for both making this and sharing this Xyla. This would be a very relatable EDpuzzle for an introduction to Physics class.
@@albatross8361 On the other end, I've found watching at 1.5x helps fight ADD/ADHD... at least for me. Overstimulating makes it so I have to focus *_more,_* thereby having less chance of being distracted.
@@christinezacharer1035 The sine wave doesn't represent the actual wave being propagated through our environment (atmosphere, the reflective surfaces surrounding us etc). It's more of a representation of the electronically recorded waveform. It's what we would basically need to record the sound in the environment and then reproduce that sound artificially via a loudspeaker. It's an acceptable substitute for a brief explanation of soundwaves... the same way one would describe a force vector with an arrow.
Liked it! I'm a physics teacher and the timing of this video was perfect--I'm literally talking about sonic booms today in class! Also I've got a crew of super nerdy rocket kids at my school who I will turn on to your channel. Keep it up Xyla!
I haven't seen any of your videos before, but this was not just well made and interesting, but you're bringing just the best vibe and delivery. Love it!
So you draw them in with bullet proof dresses, rocket powered christmas trees and stripper jokes and then when they least expect it you hit them with educational content. Very sneaky, I like it.
Literally this meme (except the dino is Xyla with science facts): i0.wp.com/mediachomp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/zzclever-who-comic-01.jpg?resize=680%2C340&ssl=1
Definitely keep making science explainers; you're good at it, and they're fun to watch. Also really enjoyed the quality of the animations, your animator(s) did a fantastic job.
Strongly agree - and to add, just my personal opinion, I prefer maker videos and explainer videos are kept separate, not mixing both formats in one. (As this was.) I am usually in different moods when I'm after one or the other sort of video!
@@StuartCuthbertson very much agree. I like the idea of having maker videos augmented by little theory videos and or a big one at the end. When it's dispersed it feels like your attention is split too much.
I loved this format, Xyla. A mix of this format and "watch me make something cool" on your channel would be great! Back when I was a "steely-eyed missile man" and ran my own teensy aerospace company, I was at the launch of many supersonic rockets. Never heard a boom once--for precisely the reasons you describe. Was at the launch of a minimum-diameter, "O' class vehicle that was predicted to go to 12+km, and hit mach 3 on the way up. When it came back (a few hours after launch), the gorgeous paint job had been stripped away from the front meter of the vehicle due to aero heating. This was with Mike Dennett who was with Cesaroni Aerospace at the time.
Loved the really clear, and thorough, description! The animations/artwork that went with them were spot on, and worked perfectly. Really nicely done, and I'd love to see what other topics you find to bring your educator skills to!
When I was a kid it was still legal to break the sound barrier over the U.S. and, living near an Air Force Base, I heard sonic booms regularly. I always found it fascinating how distinct it sounded from any other boom you could hear.
My friend was a civilian working on a naval air base. They were trying to process in-flight data faster, and tried to save their work every few minutes, because they never knew when they would be hit with a sonic boom that would knock out their power, losing everything they'd done since the last save.
They still will in an MOA (Military Operations Area). They're typically further away from base and over sparsely populated areas. The training time windows are published by the FAA but not a guarantee that military jets will be in the area. They do that so pilots know to avoid the area as military aircraft may be practicing maneuvers going well beyond the civilian legal speed limits. Sometimes beyond Mach 1.
It was Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri for me. If you've never experienced a sonic boom, no video, no description can make you understand what it feels like. To this day I hear jet fighters and if they have a certain sound, I'm always anticipating that boom a couple of seconds later...
@@Ichibuns When I was stationed at NAS Fallon NV a civilian pilot decided he wanted to take a shortcut through an active MOA. He was screamed at by the controllers to get his but out of there but either he had his radio off or he ignored the controllers. The result was that he and a navy pilot lost their lives that afternoon.
This was a fun video (the pacing felt like a 15 minute long Short- it was very engaging the whole way through). I'd definitely enjoy this style of video in the mix for your channel!
I enjoyed Science educator Xyla, good job! Also another sonic-boom analogue is the wake of a boat. that's what happens when the boat is going faster than the waves it makes, and that may be a great visualization for why you don't hear the boom from a rocket. start with a boat at the shore and have it go straight out until it is going 2.2 times the speed of waves, then see if the wake ever gets back to that same point.
The other gravity wave "boom" is a tidal bore, where the water coming into a channel due to rising tide is going faster than the speed of gravity waves. (For those who don't know, the simplest form of a gravity wave is the waves on the surface of a body of water.)
@HweolRidda oh cool! Now i really want to go back to Truro Nova Scotia to see the largest tidal bore in the world. (missed it due to poor timing when i was there)
@@KevinH.Rev0 Truro doesn't have the largest tidal bore in the world. The highest tides in the world are nearby but in Canada Moncton has a better tidal bore and there are much better ones around the world. China has one that is amazing. It depends on the height of the tide and the shape and depth of the river.
You’re a great communicator and bring your practical experience to your explanations which is something a lot of science communicators don’t do. Keep it up🙌
You're really good at revealing science. You should do it more often. I love your making videos, and I think this would be a great format for in-between builds.
Your channel is one of my teen's favorites because of her love of science and engineering. Anything you produce will get her logging on within moments of getting home to see what you are doing.
Pistol Shrimp for Boomy award. A little shrimp has a huge snapping claw that can snap and create a cavitation in the water. The tiny cavitation bubble is compressed and collapses causing a sonic boom, enormous heat (5000+ C) and sometimes light. It can kill or stun other aquatic life.
Their speed is still only a paltry fraction of the speed of sound, you probably drive your car faster than the speed of their claws on your way to work. Inducing cavitation does not require you to be moving at the speed of sound, nor is it an indication that the object that created the bubble has gone supersonic.
Wow, just stumbled across this channel and I am hooked! The energy is just off the scale and so is the science and technical knowledge underpinning every word! Such a breath of fresh air! I wish I had more students like you!
Yes, Xyla, this type of video is very much appreciated. I may be a test engineer, but there was an age when I would have really appreciated this sort of explanation with such clear imagery. Well done. Keep up the great work.
Love it. The animations were really helpful. I never have witnessed anything going supersonic, especially a prop plane. I bet when you were roasting in yours going across the country, you would have loved that kind of speed. 😀
3:28 I love the idea of a little prop plane going faster than Mach 1 🤣 Jokes aside, I love this video and your explanation! Definitely wouldn't mind more of these types of 'Xyla teacher' type videos in the future if you desire to.
I grew up in the 70's in the high desert near Edwards air force base. Sonic booms were common everyday from the flights out of Edwards. I remember hearing them during class. Now a days, there's a whole generation who's never experienced a sonic boom.
Well the rockets returning from space come in supersonic downwards, so there's an audible double boom from multiple shockwaves. There will be more of these rockets becoming operational so more people will hear it. And rocket launches going up also make shockwaves from hypersonic plume interacting with still air.
Another common place for sonic booms in everyday life is inside certain turbochargers and superchargers. Between the conditions inside the compressor section and the speed of the compressor itself, the blade tips may exceed the speed of sound and create sonic booms. Depending upon the number of blades and the rotational speed at which it takes place, that can be anything from a rattling sound to a tone.
I thought this viddy was a standout from your usual work, which is A+. The little animations and Boomies were awesome! Great job Xyla! I thoroughly enjoyed it! 👏🏼🤙🏼✨🧠✨
Seems a model rocket travelling horizontally, instead of vertically, an audience within the boom carpet would experience a boomy 💥. Sounds like a video opty.
@@BradSmithSC can the audience be in the boom carpet but still far enough out of the possible path of the rocket? Where would a rocket launched horizontally land and how? I presume Xyla wants the rocket and audience reusable…
Heck yes, this was such a good explanation! I love a good science explainer, and I think I understand sonic booms a lot better now, which is saying something because I _thought_ I understood them before but I sure couldn't answer the question of why we didn't hear one from Spite. I also love the idea of you mixing and matching science explainers with build videos, if that's something that makes your production schedules easier (albeit more expensive).
If you want to hear the sonic boom from Spite, you could launch it from an aircraft downwards. Or put a recording device on an aircraft orbiting your launch area.
@@jakobrosenqvist4691 Wernher von Braun once said of the V2 rocket (the worlds first rocket powered guided ballistic missile) that "The rocket worked perfectly except for landing on the wrong planet." So it could be argued that a missile is just a rocket that lands on the wrong planet, and happens to carry an explosive (non-scientific) payload.
I lived in Camarillo, CA in the 80s. Even from there I could hear the Space Shuttle when it returned (to land at Edwards). It shook my windows. Also a sonic boom is usually a double boom-boom as the two shockwave fronts pass over you.
Very well explained and especially well animated and visualized. The ability to do something and the ability to explain it simply without compromising on accuracy are not the same skill, but no surprise they are both skills you have!
I’m all for it! Maybe if there’s a science concept you’re curious about it could inspire a new build? Kind of backwards from your usual . You’re a great role model - I love watching your vids with my nerdy middle-school daughter ❤
I think it could probably be a reasonably small balloon, insta 360, a shotgun mike, and transponder and let her rip. It'd be a bummer to set it all up and end up with a launch abort though, so tethered is probably better.
@@ADBBuild light or more accurately massless particles always travels at it's max speed, it can't go slower or faster. When traveling through a medium it's not actually slowing down the massless particles, it's the waveform interacting with the material creating a combined waveform that isn't entirely massless anymore, and thus travels slower. So travelling trough a medium actually changed the light so something else during transit.
@@jakobrosenqvist4691 How can the mere interaction of the light with the medium increas the resting mass of light? On a microscopic level it's still photons bouncing between atoms in a vacuum.
@@cahdoge it's not really bouncing around, that is an inaccurate model. If it was true then all mediums would scatter photons randomly. And the interaction doesn't give the photon mass in the conventional sense, it combines with the photons waveform to temporarily create a combined waveform that has a tiny bit of mass. Another way of thinking about it is electron waveforms causing drag on the photons waveform when passing through a medium.
Lady in STEM, Expressive Face, Expressive Hands, Warm looking Purple Velour Jumpsuit (super-comfy looking), I get to Learn Stuff- This is a great day...
You're a good presenter and the content is good either way. Builds that reference big concepts, but gloss over the details are fine by me, but going deeper like this is also good.
I live down the coast a bit from Vandenberg, and it's interesting how much the perceived loudness varies of sonic booms from various Space-X launches. The exact trajectory they're launched on matters a lot.
Xyla, congratulations! Top notch editing and production values! This is a premier explainer video. Although few other subjects will be as fun to watch, you have the spark to light up any subject you choose. Were you to team up with a science explainer publication such as Science News, you would work with some of the best writer/interpreters working at the forefront of human knowledge and have a huge amount of potential content to choose from, as well as immense support, and they would get a presenter that could reach a whole new audience for them. It might not be all rapid makerville, but it would be steady for as long as you could stand it. Blaze trails!
You missed one important thing. Speed of sound depends not only by the medium, but also other factors. In atmospheric air it depends mostly by the temperature. With higher altitude, temperature drops. About 2K per every 1000 ft. So in higher altitude, we have slower speed of sound. That's why airline pilots uses Mach number instead of knots at some point of climb - to not exceed speed of sound on top of the wing, where air moves faster than other places around aircraft.
I got to see the launch of Voyager 2 in Florida, 1977. I don’t remember a sonic boom but I remember the crackling sound from the Titan engines which I’ve been told are a series of mini sonic booms from the exhaust stream as it goes supersonic. I’ve also been up close to an F16 with its afterburners lit up. It was really pretty - pink and purple flames with shock diamonds caused by the supersonic exhaust. More than loud - you could feel the rumble through your skull and chest cavity. (Also, no back ache… core strength exercises and yoga and plenty of fiber)
Apparently it's not that hard to get supersonic jets with compressed air (including canned "air"), the requisite pressure is something like 6 atmospheres (IIRC, with assumptions I don't recall)
bullets fired from a gun at over 1100fps are supersonic,and make a characteristic "crack". use of a suppressor ("silencer") does not affect that unwanted shock wave. Military uses suppressors on their sniper rifles to hide the muzzle flash and diffuse the muzzle blast to prevent giving away their position. BTW,living in the Orlando-area,I often heard the shuttle's twin sonic booms. Xyla,it's a shame you never got to see a shuttle launch,they were awesome. the SOUND washing over you even from 5 miles away was incredible. I wish I had been around her for the Saturn/Apollo launches. Every once in a while I drive over to Kennedy Space Center and do the tour and Imax movie. The Saturn V they have is in a building and you can walk all around and under it.
While it does hide the muzzle flash, the primary purpose of the suppressor is to suppress the noise from the gas behind the bullet, which is much louder than the crack from the bullet itself. While this does help conceal the shooter's location, they are primarily used to protect the shooter from the very loud noises produced by their own weapon. As you said, it still doesn't get rid of the ballistic crack; you need subsonic ammunition for that. This also shouldn't be confused with muzzle breaks used on most of the anti-materiel rifles; while they do help hide muzzle flashes, they are primarily there to mitigate recoil by directing some of the excess force backward, thus pulling the gun forward by the barrel.
There is a sonic crack, so it's still pretty load. Typically you use subsonic ammo with a suppressor, however its not too dampening like we see in movies. It wouldn't be substantial for the NATO 5.56, if it were. The M16 would have suppressors built in.
Joining in with everyone else to say this was really well done and a great watch. It was only when you mentioned at the end that it wasn't your usual style of video that I realised you'd never done one like this, because it still felt like a video of yours and didn't come across as something you've never done before because it was so well done.
Most common sonic boom boomies - now I'm wondering if, since the start of the 20th century, more sonic booms have been created by bullets than by thunder. (Though the average person is still far more likely to hear thunder on a routine basis - which is one definition of common)
Based on some random googling, there's around 1.2B lightning strikes a year, and at least a few years ago, at least 12B rounds of ammo made a year. Not every round will be fired, and some percentage would be subsonic, and it's probably ramped up a lot the last few years. Based on wild speculation, I'd guess the number of supersonic gunshots probably exceeded thunder during WWI and then again in WWII, and then stayed that way from that point on, with the changes in manufacturing, weapons, culture, and the way conflicts are fought
@@NewtoRah I guess a lot of this depends on definitions, are we talking about most common overall or the current frequency, if the former the fact lightning has been doing that for billions of years probably still wins. Similarly are we talking about only on Earth? Because lightning is not a uniquely terrestrial phenomena, in our solar system alone they have also been observed on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune so if we are talking about all lightning yeah the universe probably produces way more that way. Defining the question is really important to determining what numbers we are even attempting to compare here.
My thoughts when I saw the title of this video: 1) Not all sonic booms are equally loud. A tiny whip tip is not going to generate as much force as a jet, so its boom has less volume. 2) That rocket is super aerodynamic. Much thinner and sleeker than a jet, no wings, and tiny fins instead of tail wings. That's much less drag, so it'll have a smaller boom. 3) Rockets are loud, and we stand far away from them for safety. So with a smaller boom, all the rocket noise, and our distance away from them, I really wouldn't expect a sonic boom to be very noticeable.
I wrote a paper in 2019 where we investigated the sonic boom produced by .50 caliber bullets and moved the microphones away from the trajectory. The Witham formula gives the amplitude and duration of the N wave produced. It isa function of the projectile’s length, diameter and velocity and more importantly the miss distance, the receiver’s distance away from the trajectory.
In a rocket launch, you do actualy hear sonic booms. They are not from the rocket body it self but from shock waves insdie the exhaust gases of the rocket motors. It is this caracteristic crackling sound you can hear from big rockets.
@@altair7001 In that regard they are more similar to the sonic booms from lightning where it the the rapid lateral expansions of the superheated plasma generated by the strike. Different mechanism but in both cases you have material heated to such extremes of heat and pressure that they expand laterally way faster than the speed of sound in the much colder lower pressure air around them.
@@williammurphy8227 Some of the cracks can actually be small sonic booms, although it is actually not a good thing when they do occur it's a sign of instability within the expanding gas plume. Some is to be expected as during ascent the rocket nozzle can not possibly have the perfect expansion for the outside air pressure which is constantly changing as it ascends. When these two do not match you get instability in the plume that actually wastes energy and makes thrust sub optimal this is also why we engineer rockets with multiple stages to switch to engines better tuned for the stage of ascent but there is also a weight cost in adding extra engines and staging components so it's a compromise between having some suboptimal effects like this going on i order to have the stages burn for long enough to justify the staging cost of each.
She also said the formula for the shockwave cone is "sine alpha" instead of what was on the screen which was sine theta. But we all make mistakes sometimes.
This is a video that should never been needed if people just had paid attention in school. But I’m glad anyway it was made, because it was fun as hell 😂
I truly enjoyed you going more in depth! I loved the video so much I didn't even think about the sonic boom, so I'm glad others asked the question because I got to learn more
Sonic booms were common for observers of the Space Shuttles because of the path the vehicle would take on re-entry. It did various S shapes and other manoeuvres in order to shed its velocity, that meant that it was making the cone point in a lot of directions, and always downwards.
If interest in sonic booms continues, you could try this experiment. Place a tethered balloon near the launch site up to about 300 to 500 meters in altitude. Put an audio recorder (like the small clip-on kind you are wearing in your shop?) at the balloon end, and possibly additional recorders along the tether separated by known distances from each other. After the rocket launch, pull the balloon back down to retrieve the recorders. Listen for the horizontal-radiating boom from the rocket as it passes by the recorder hanging in midair. If there is a time stamp on the audio file, you could compare the time of the boom in each audio recordings, and see if the distance between each recorder correlates to the phase shift of the boom as it passes by each mic, given the speed at which the rocket is expected to be moving at that stage of its flight. Trying to calibrate the same time on each audio recording would be a significant issue to consider. Either the timebase of the recorders would have to be very stable (unlikely?), or use a distinctive external audio source that could be heard by the recorders just before the rocket launch (such as a very loud siren on the ground blaring out an identifiable pattern, or even a sub-sonic "sounding" rocket launch just prior to the super-sonic launch).
This style definitely gives off Dianna Cowern/Physics Girl vibes, & I mean that in the highest form of praise. Getting people interested in & understanding STEM is every bit as valuable now as it's ever been. Good work!
73 y.o. Retired Pharmacist here. I love your explanation on this complex subject . A thought popped into my head that with your great body of practical science knowledge and the variety of your projects to date, you could put together a great college course. You are a great instructor. 👍
Xyla, I'm sure Jamie Hyneman and Adam Savage will _LOVE_ being called "hippie aunts"... as _they_ are the ones who made a couple of episodes of their TV show where shockwaves were, in fact, visualized through slo-mo cameras that allowed us to actually _see_ the shockwave front as it propagated through the air - but that's not the point, the point is the mental image of The Human Walrus and his hat-wearing co-host as hippie aunts.
Quick checks. 1) speed of sound in air is not constant. It can vary based on temperature 2) most frequent sonic booms I wonder if it would be (sad to say) guns/bullets which are well consumed in very high rates
Speed of sound essentially depends on air density. Temperature, pressure and humidity are the main factors. Her analysis of sonic boom is subtly wrong because the speed of sound is very high in the compressed air of the shock wave, and it is in fact a sound wave, just not a normal one.
@@kurtamesbury6679 Density is the primary factor and temperature depends on it. But no she doesn't get a pass. She said speed of sound is constant. She could have said nothing, but she tripped over a rabbit hole.
I was a whopping 9 in 1991, tyvm.... okay so my oldest kid is now 19 and gone and....the POINT is, you COULD use a weather balloon for a silent, stable microphone platform at a given height, as long as the wind cooperated, or dangle the mic (with a squirrel tail) from a drone low enough that you don't hear much from the props.
Yes, more like this please. As much as I really enjoy the actual building of your projects, it would be really cool if you could explain the science as you go as well, or maybe at the end of the video, I know this would make your videos longer, but I always think you can't have to much of a good thing 🙂🙂
Well done xyla. I learned about the sonic boom in highschool. I was very fascinated about it and still am. Nice to hear about the special booms at the end of the video. Didn't know that. Keep making these educational videos now and then.
Mantis shrimp got snubbed in the Boomies.
Yup, should have got the 'smallest' prize!
And would have made for another cool visual. 😎
@teaurn I thought 'Most Common'
I was just coming here to post exactly the same thing 😁
Oh noooo!😢
As a 20 year veteran physics teacher I can say this is one of the best descriptions of the phenomenon I have seen online and this will so be used by my class this year. I also love being able to give my female physics students a role model so they can see themselves in physics and engineering and you are great for that. Please keep making more of these although i also love showing your engineering videos to my robotics class as they show how much prototyping, retooling, redesigning, etc that is necessary to make things actually work. Thanks for this and all the other content.. (btw one of your flight proven Seasons Yeetings ornaments has a place of pride in my classroom)
Aw thank you so much!
If you're looking for additional good videos to show your students, check out the Animagraffs video "How the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird Works". There is a ton of useful information in that video, about sonic booms and a whole range of other related topics.
Xyla as a guest speaker! 👍
@@xylafoxlin Good presentation, but in all that you never mentioned that where you can hear the boom is within the conic section ie where the ground intersects the cone of the sonic boom. Parts of calculus books are devoted to conic sections, and that is a succinct way to look at it.
@@Anon54387 That's what the carpet is.
I'm actually a middle school science teacher and I had to comment to that this video is really well done. Probably not something I would use in everyday middle school classes, but something I would absolutely use as a resource at either an extra-curricular level or high school level. The information, visuals of the video, and clarity in presentation of information all merged together really well to create an engaging and comprehendible video. Nice job! Would love to see more like this from you.
(As a side-note, I've shown your videos before in extra-curricular or off-day settings as an example of an awesome woman in science and engineering putting her work out in an engaging way for kids to discover. Love your channel; keep it up!)
As a high school science teacher...I agree, but I would change or explain that sound waves are longitudinal pressure waves and not transverse sine waves...especially the graphic showing the sine wave emanating from the speaker.
This is a very well done and clear video about sonic booms. Thank you for both making this and sharing this Xyla. This would be a very relatable EDpuzzle for an introduction to Physics class.
@@christinezacharer1035 As I am a bit slow, I found it really helped to watch the video at 0.75 speed, much easier to understand that way.
@@albatross8361 On the other end, I've found watching at 1.5x helps fight ADD/ADHD... at least for me. Overstimulating makes it so I have to focus *_more,_* thereby having less chance of being distracted.
Teachers, always causing problems, another thread I have to leave before it devolves.
Trust me, if I stay, it'll go badly.
(Grumble grumble grumble )
@@christinezacharer1035 The sine wave doesn't represent the actual wave being propagated through our environment (atmosphere, the reflective surfaces surrounding us etc). It's more of a representation of the electronically recorded waveform. It's what we would basically need to record the sound in the environment and then reproduce that sound artificially via a loudspeaker. It's an acceptable substitute for a brief explanation of soundwaves... the same way one would describe a force vector with an arrow.
Liked it! I'm a physics teacher and the timing of this video was perfect--I'm literally talking about sonic booms today in class! Also I've got a crew of super nerdy rocket kids at my school who I will turn on to your channel. Keep it up Xyla!
I haven't seen any of your videos before, but this was not just well made and interesting, but you're bringing just the best vibe and delivery. Love it!
Ms. Foxlin is the coolest substitute teacher, she lets us watch rocket videos
Yup so true😊
But I want a cat video! :)
Dam contact lenses............. Ok ill get help but its a valid point.
Ms. Foxlin is the coolest cool substitute teacher: she makes her own rocket videos!
I'm walking away, this thread is going to cause problems, especially if I stay here. 😂😢
"How's your back feeling?" Ouch.
I was alive in 1991 and my back is fine, thanks for asking. My knees, on the other hand...🤣
It's the knees... and hips... But most have been replaced at this point. lol
What did she say?? I couldn't hear it over the racket of those kids on my lawn.
So "ouch" is a good description of how you're back is feeling?
now that you spell it out, I get the joke. Whew I am slow today... Slept bad because of my bad back
So you draw them in with bullet proof dresses, rocket powered christmas trees and stripper jokes and then when they least expect it you hit them with educational content.
Very sneaky, I like it.
Literally this meme (except the dino is Xyla with science facts): i0.wp.com/mediachomp.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/zzclever-who-comic-01.jpg?resize=680%2C340&ssl=1
Bullet proof dress on Taofledermaus was my introduction to Xyla 👗🔫
🤘😫🤘
@DUKE_of_RAMBLE I was lucky and caught the very first of the canoe videos.
0:45 don't forget baseballs. Destin made a baseball go mach 1.3
Nicely done side-stepping of the speed of sound in air at different altitudes and temperatures!
Definitely keep making science explainers; you're good at it, and they're fun to watch. Also really enjoyed the quality of the animations, your animator(s) did a fantastic job.
Strongly agree - and to add, just my personal opinion, I prefer maker videos and explainer videos are kept separate, not mixing both formats in one. (As this was.) I am usually in different moods when I'm after one or the other sort of video!
@@StuartCuthbertson very much agree. I like the idea of having maker videos augmented by little theory videos and or a big one at the end. When it's dispersed it feels like your attention is split too much.
I loved this format, Xyla. A mix of this format and "watch me make something cool" on your channel would be great! Back when I was a "steely-eyed missile man" and ran my own teensy aerospace company, I was at the launch of many supersonic rockets. Never heard a boom once--for precisely the reasons you describe. Was at the launch of a minimum-diameter, "O' class vehicle that was predicted to go to 12+km, and hit mach 3 on the way up. When it came back (a few hours after launch), the gorgeous paint job had been stripped away from the front meter of the vehicle due to aero heating. This was with Mike Dennett who was with Cesaroni Aerospace at the time.
It reminds me of Mythbusters, the fun mix of making and explaining.
Loved the really clear, and thorough, description! The animations/artwork that went with them were spot on, and worked perfectly. Really nicely done, and I'd love to see what other topics you find to bring your educator skills to!
Love this new style of video, keep it up!
Wow, thank you so much!!
When I was a kid it was still legal to break the sound barrier over the U.S. and, living near an Air Force Base, I heard sonic booms regularly. I always found it fascinating how distinct it sounded from any other boom you could hear.
My friend was a civilian working on a naval air base. They were trying to process in-flight data faster, and tried to save their work every few minutes, because they never knew when they would be hit with a sonic boom that would knock out their power, losing everything they'd done since the last save.
I heard it from the Concord a few times when I was at the beach.
They still will in an MOA (Military Operations Area). They're typically further away from base and over sparsely populated areas. The training time windows are published by the FAA but not a guarantee that military jets will be in the area. They do that so pilots know to avoid the area as military aircraft may be practicing maneuvers going well beyond the civilian legal speed limits. Sometimes beyond Mach 1.
It was Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri for me. If you've never experienced a sonic boom, no video, no description can make you understand what it feels like. To this day I hear jet fighters and if they have a certain sound, I'm always anticipating that boom a couple of seconds later...
@@Ichibuns When I was stationed at NAS Fallon NV a civilian pilot decided he wanted to take a shortcut through an active MOA. He was screamed at by the controllers to get his but out of there but either he had his radio off or he ignored the controllers. The result was that he and a navy pilot lost their lives that afternoon.
Very high production value. Awesome work!
This was a fun video (the pacing felt like a 15 minute long Short- it was very engaging the whole way through). I'd definitely enjoy this style of video in the mix for your channel!
I enjoyed Science educator Xyla, good job!
Also another sonic-boom analogue is the wake of a boat. that's what happens when the boat is going faster than the waves it makes, and that may be a great visualization for why you don't hear the boom from a rocket. start with a boat at the shore and have it go straight out until it is going 2.2 times the speed of waves, then see if the wake ever gets back to that same point.
The other gravity wave "boom" is a tidal bore, where the water coming into a channel due to rising tide is going faster than the speed of gravity waves.
(For those who don't know, the simplest form of a gravity wave is the waves on the surface of a body of water.)
@HweolRidda oh cool! Now i really want to go back to Truro Nova Scotia to see the largest tidal bore in the world. (missed it due to poor timing when i was there)
@@KevinH.Rev0 Truro doesn't have the largest tidal bore in the world. The highest tides in the world are nearby but in Canada Moncton has a better tidal bore and there are much better ones around the world. China has one that is amazing. It depends on the height of the tide and the shape and depth of the river.
@@HweolRidda So Truro lied to me ?!?!? ;-) still going to have to try to see it.
You’re a great communicator and bring your practical experience to your explanations which is something a lot of science communicators don’t do. Keep it up🙌
You're really good at revealing science. You should do it more often. I love your making videos, and I think this would be a great format for in-between builds.
Your channel is one of my teen's favorites because of her love of science and engineering. Anything you produce will get her logging on within moments of getting home to see what you are doing.
This is so different from the videos I've gotten used to seeing on your channel, and I love it!
Pistol Shrimp for Boomy award. A little shrimp has a huge snapping claw that can snap and create a cavitation in the water. The tiny cavitation bubble is compressed and collapses causing a sonic boom, enormous heat (5000+ C) and sometimes light. It can kill or stun other aquatic life.
Agreed. I hear my pistol shrimp snapping every day!
Their speed is still only a paltry fraction of the speed of sound, you probably drive your car faster than the speed of their claws on your way to work. Inducing cavitation does not require you to be moving at the speed of sound, nor is it an indication that the object that created the bubble has gone supersonic.
Dude the content of and production quality of this video has really leveled up.
Wow, just stumbled across this channel and I am hooked! The energy is just off the scale and so is the science and technical knowledge underpinning every word! Such a breath of fresh air! I wish I had more students like you!
Yes, Xyla, this type of video is very much appreciated. I may be a test engineer, but there was an age when I would have really appreciated this sort of explanation with such clear imagery. Well done. Keep up the great work.
spite is my primary motivator
Spite and caffeine…. 😂
Whereas Spite's primary motivator was a solid rocket motor ☺️
_[I'll see myself out...]_
Basil Brush the British childrens entertainer still holds the world record for the most powerful BOOM BOOM known to man.
I love this!! Such stuff integrated with your building videos or even as separate videos would be awesome!!
Love it. The animations were really helpful. I never have witnessed anything going supersonic, especially a prop plane. I bet when you were roasting in yours going across the country, you would have loved that kind of speed. 😀
Those animations (especially the supersonic Cessna) were so good!! Lovely video 😊
And here I thought I was the only one watching the C140 break the sound barrier!
@@knussear Yeah, that put me in mind of some of the XKCD exercises that dropped a Cessna into various planetary bodies...
Hehehe, thank you!!!!
Great Job Xyla, never stop teaching. Every moment in front of people you are teaching, even with a smile.
The animation of how the sonic boom forms was fantastic. Whole video was great!
Xyla teaching or Xyla building, we love them all, but this was a brilliant video and well worth the extra effort it took you to make!
3:28 I love the idea of a little prop plane going faster than Mach 1 🤣
Jokes aside, I love this video and your explanation!
Definitely wouldn't mind more of these types of 'Xyla teacher' type videos in the future if you desire to.
Those poor wildlife! That was a good laugh.😂
I grew up in the 70's in the high desert near Edwards air force base. Sonic booms were common everyday from the flights out of Edwards. I remember hearing them during class. Now a days, there's a whole generation who's never experienced a sonic boom.
Well the rockets returning from space come in supersonic downwards, so there's an audible double boom from multiple shockwaves. There will be more of these rockets becoming operational so more people will hear it.
And rocket launches going up also make shockwaves from hypersonic plume interacting with still air.
Another common place for sonic booms in everyday life is inside certain turbochargers and superchargers. Between the conditions inside the compressor section and the speed of the compressor itself, the blade tips may exceed the speed of sound and create sonic booms. Depending upon the number of blades and the rotational speed at which it takes place, that can be anything from a rattling sound to a tone.
I love this format... seeing the technical/science side of more of your projects would be great!
I thought this viddy was a standout from your usual work, which is A+. The little animations and Boomies were awesome! Great job Xyla! I thoroughly enjoyed it!
👏🏼🤙🏼✨🧠✨
So that's the reason why you can't hear a bullet flying away but can hear it crack when it goes over your head (if its a super sonic round). Dope.
Unless it ricochet and goes off at an angle where you can hear the shockwave with sufficient energy to still be super sonic.
Seems a model rocket travelling horizontally, instead of vertically, an audience within the boom carpet would experience a boomy 💥. Sounds like a video opty.
@@BradSmithSCYep! See my comment on this regarding Vandenberg Falcon 9 launches. Yes, we can hear the ascent transonic boom.
@@BradSmithSC can the audience be in the boom carpet but still far enough out of the possible path of the rocket? Where would a rocket launched horizontally land and how? I presume Xyla wants the rocket and audience reusable…
@@ElukeNLXyla could pull this off with a 'reusable audience' being a primary priority 😂
Loved the new format! Definitely would watch another one there smarty pants! ;)
Awesome! Xyla, you rock! Keep doing this.
Heck yes, this was such a good explanation! I love a good science explainer, and I think I understand sonic booms a lot better now, which is saying something because I _thought_ I understood them before but I sure couldn't answer the question of why we didn't hear one from Spite. I also love the idea of you mixing and matching science explainers with build videos, if that's something that makes your production schedules easier (albeit more expensive).
First video of yours I have seen. The coverage of the science is why I subscribed immediately. Keep up the strong work; it was a fantastic video.
If you want to hear the sonic boom from Spite, you could launch it from an aircraft downwards. Or put a recording device on an aircraft orbiting your launch area.
What is the difference between a rocket and a missile?
Or launch it horizontally and stand somewhere downrange.
@@jakobrosenqvist4691 Wernher von Braun once said of the V2 rocket (the worlds first rocket powered guided ballistic missile) that "The rocket worked perfectly except for landing on the wrong planet." So it could be argued that a missile is just a rocket that lands on the wrong planet, and happens to carry an explosive (non-scientific) payload.
Yes FAA this guy right here
I lived in Camarillo, CA in the 80s. Even from there I could hear the Space Shuttle when it returned (to land at Edwards). It shook my windows. Also a sonic boom is usually a double boom-boom as the two shockwave fronts pass over you.
Very well explained and especially well animated and visualized. The ability to do something and the ability to explain it simply without compromising on accuracy are not the same skill, but no surprise they are both skills you have!
damn you put that way better than me. Exactly this!
I’m all for it! Maybe if there’s a science concept you’re curious about it could inspire a new build? Kind of backwards from your usual . You’re a great role model - I love watching your vids with my nerdy middle-school daughter ❤
Incredible video!!!! I definitely love this format and would watch more of it in addition to the build videos.
You obviously need a weather balloon* launched right before your rocket launch to capture the sonic boom.
*crown optional
Was going to suggest a balloon as well, but a tethered one as it could be held at a steady altitude and distance, and easier to retrieve afterwards
I assume 250M is too high for conventional drones? (hanging an audio recorder below a quad would maybe reduce the prop noise enough...)
I was thinking a veritasium helicopter video collab, but weather balloon tied to the ground sounds safer
I think it could probably be a reasonably small balloon, insta 360, a shotgun mike, and transponder and let her rip. It'd be a bummer to set it all up and end up with a launch abort though, so tethered is probably better.
'light can be made to move slower through certain materials' Ooooo, thats a veeeeerrry deep rabbit hole.
A nice little side tangent consisting of several reserch careers worth of information.
Light travels slower than it's max speed because its max speed is in a vacuum. Literally every other time it's traveling slower.
@@ADBBuild light or more accurately massless particles always travels at it's max speed, it can't go slower or faster. When traveling through a medium it's not actually slowing down the massless particles, it's the waveform interacting with the material creating a combined waveform that isn't entirely massless anymore, and thus travels slower. So travelling trough a medium actually changed the light so something else during transit.
@@jakobrosenqvist4691 How can the mere interaction of the light with the medium increas the resting mass of light? On a microscopic level it's still photons bouncing between atoms in a vacuum.
@@cahdoge it's not really bouncing around, that is an inaccurate model. If it was true then all mediums would scatter photons randomly.
And the interaction doesn't give the photon mass in the conventional sense, it combines with the photons waveform to temporarily create a combined waveform that has a tiny bit of mass. Another way of thinking about it is electron waveforms causing drag on the photons waveform when passing through a medium.
Lady in STEM, Expressive Face, Expressive Hands, Warm looking Purple Velour Jumpsuit (super-comfy looking), I get to Learn Stuff- This is a great day...
*sprays him down with liquid nitrogen*
Just to be safe.
Discovered this channel in recommendations and instantly fell in love with you and your content! Keep it up!
I loooved this format! Keep the building, but definitely add more of this 😁
You're a good presenter and the content is good either way. Builds that reference big concepts, but gloss over the details are fine by me, but going deeper like this is also good.
I live down the coast a bit from Vandenberg, and it's interesting how much the perceived loudness varies of sonic booms from various Space-X launches. The exact trajectory they're launched on matters a lot.
I do all things through spite, which strengthens me.
Xyla, congratulations! Top notch editing and production values! This is a premier explainer video. Although few other subjects will be as fun to watch, you have the spark to light up any subject you choose. Were you to team up with a science explainer publication such as Science News, you would work with some of the best writer/interpreters working at the forefront of human knowledge and have a huge amount of potential content to choose from, as well as immense support, and they would get a presenter that could reach a whole new audience for them. It might not be all rapid makerville, but it would be steady for as long as you could stand it. Blaze trails!
Just when I thought this channel couldn't get any better! I am so here for this!
You missed one important thing. Speed of sound depends not only by the medium, but also other factors. In atmospheric air it depends mostly by the temperature. With higher altitude, temperature drops. About 2K per every 1000 ft. So in higher altitude, we have slower speed of sound. That's why airline pilots uses Mach number instead of knots at some point of climb - to not exceed speed of sound on top of the wing, where air moves faster than other places around aircraft.
yes. was wondering if somebody would mention it. Especially noticeable if it's a really hog , muggy day .
...and continuing underwater, the speed increases with depth. (pressure)
"mostly by the temperature" Isn't it mostly the difference in pressure at different altitudes that effects the speed of sound at those altitudes?
@@fewwiggle No, temperature has a much larger effect. The speed of sound even increases as you go up the stratosphere since the temp goes up.
I got to see the launch of Voyager 2 in Florida, 1977. I don’t remember a sonic boom but I remember the crackling sound from the Titan engines which I’ve been told are a series of mini sonic booms from the exhaust stream as it goes supersonic.
I’ve also been up close to an F16 with its afterburners lit up. It was really pretty - pink and purple flames with shock diamonds caused by the supersonic exhaust. More than loud - you could feel the rumble through your skull and chest cavity.
(Also, no back ache… core strength exercises and yoga and plenty of fiber)
Apparently it's not that hard to get supersonic jets with compressed air (including canned "air"), the requisite pressure is something like 6 atmospheres (IIRC, with assumptions I don't recall)
bullets fired from a gun at over 1100fps are supersonic,and make a characteristic "crack". use of a suppressor ("silencer") does not affect that unwanted shock wave. Military uses suppressors on their sniper rifles to hide the muzzle flash and diffuse the muzzle blast to prevent giving away their position.
BTW,living in the Orlando-area,I often heard the shuttle's twin sonic booms. Xyla,it's a shame you never got to see a shuttle launch,they were awesome. the SOUND washing over you even from 5 miles away was incredible. I wish I had been around her for the Saturn/Apollo launches. Every once in a while I drive over to Kennedy Space Center and do the tour and Imax movie. The Saturn V they have is in a building and you can walk all around and under it.
While it does hide the muzzle flash, the primary purpose of the suppressor is to suppress the noise from the gas behind the bullet, which is much louder than the crack from the bullet itself.
While this does help conceal the shooter's location, they are primarily used to protect the shooter from the very loud noises produced by their own weapon.
As you said, it still doesn't get rid of the ballistic crack; you need subsonic ammunition for that.
This also shouldn't be confused with muzzle breaks used on most of the anti-materiel rifles; while they do help hide muzzle flashes, they are primarily there to mitigate recoil by directing some of the excess force backward, thus pulling the gun forward by the barrel.
There is a sonic crack, so it's still pretty load. Typically you use subsonic ammo with a suppressor, however its not too dampening like we see in movies. It wouldn't be substantial for the NATO 5.56, if it were. The M16 would have suppressors built in.
Joining in with everyone else to say this was really well done and a great watch. It was only when you mentioned at the end that it wasn't your usual style of video that I realised you'd never done one like this, because it still felt like a video of yours and didn't come across as something you've never done before because it was so well done.
Awesome video. I have heard the boom from the shuttle when landing at Edwards. Very cool.
Most common sonic boom boomies - now I'm wondering if, since the start of the 20th century, more sonic booms have been created by bullets than by thunder. (Though the average person is still far more likely to hear thunder on a routine basis - which is one definition of common)
Based on some random googling, there's around 1.2B lightning strikes a year, and at least a few years ago, at least 12B rounds of ammo made a year. Not every round will be fired, and some percentage would be subsonic, and it's probably ramped up a lot the last few years.
Based on wild speculation, I'd guess the number of supersonic gunshots probably exceeded thunder during WWI and then again in WWII, and then stayed that way from that point on, with the changes in manufacturing, weapons, culture, and the way conflicts are fought
@@NewtoRah I guess a lot of this depends on definitions, are we talking about most common overall or the current frequency, if the former the fact lightning has been doing that for billions of years probably still wins. Similarly are we talking about only on Earth? Because lightning is not a uniquely terrestrial phenomena, in our solar system alone they have also been observed on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune so if we are talking about all lightning yeah the universe probably produces way more that way. Defining the question is really important to determining what numbers we are even attempting to compare here.
My thoughts when I saw the title of this video:
1) Not all sonic booms are equally loud. A tiny whip tip is not going to generate as much force as a jet, so its boom has less volume.
2) That rocket is super aerodynamic. Much thinner and sleeker than a jet, no wings, and tiny fins instead of tail wings. That's much less drag, so it'll have a smaller boom.
3) Rockets are loud, and we stand far away from them for safety.
So with a smaller boom, all the rocket noise, and our distance away from them, I really wouldn't expect a sonic boom to be very noticeable.
Except a sonic boom doesn't come from drag. Instead, drag comes from sonic booms.
I wrote a paper in 2019 where we investigated the sonic boom produced by .50 caliber bullets and moved the microphones away from the trajectory. The Witham formula gives the amplitude and duration of the N wave produced. It isa function of the projectile’s length, diameter and velocity and more importantly the miss distance, the receiver’s distance away from the trajectory.
In a rocket launch, you do actualy hear sonic booms. They are not from the rocket body it self but from shock waves insdie the exhaust gases of the rocket motors. It is this caracteristic crackling sound you can hear from big rockets.
Right! In fact, they come from the LATERAL expansion of gases under the rocket.
@@altair7001 In that regard they are more similar to the sonic booms from lightning where it the the rapid lateral expansions of the superheated plasma generated by the strike. Different mechanism but in both cases you have material heated to such extremes of heat and pressure that they expand laterally way faster than the speed of sound in the much colder lower pressure air around them.
Crackle is not a sonic boom, it is a nonlinear steepening that occurs in the combustion plume.
@@williammurphy8227 Some of the cracks can actually be small sonic booms, although it is actually not a good thing when they do occur it's a sign of instability within the expanding gas plume. Some is to be expected as during ascent the rocket nozzle can not possibly have the perfect expansion for the outside air pressure which is constantly changing as it ascends. When these two do not match you get instability in the plume that actually wastes energy and makes thrust sub optimal this is also why we engineer rockets with multiple stages to switch to engines better tuned for the stage of ascent but there is also a weight cost in adding extra engines and staging components so it's a compromise between having some suboptimal effects like this going on i order to have the stages burn for long enough to justify the staging cost of each.
Teacher Xyla is awesome. This is every bit as interesting as your build videos.
Honestly, I'll watch just about anything you upload, because you make great content regardless. So just keep up the great work!
2:26 - I dont actually lol often, but that one got me good.
Now exactly wildlife though 😂
11:34 video is Starships booster recover, not Falcon 9. I figure you know that, but wanted to clear the air just in case.
She also said the formula for the shockwave cone is "sine alpha" instead of what was on the screen which was sine theta. But we all make mistakes sometimes.
And I'm pretty sure it made no audible boom on the way up!
I think the re-entry shockwave cleared the air there pretty well
This is a video that should never been needed if people just had paid attention in school. But I’m glad anyway it was made, because it was fun as hell 😂
I truly enjoyed you going more in depth! I loved the video so much I didn't even think about the sonic boom, so I'm glad others asked the question because I got to learn more
Sonic booms were common for observers of the Space Shuttles because of the path the vehicle would take on re-entry. It did various S shapes and other manoeuvres in order to shed its velocity, that meant that it was making the cone point in a lot of directions, and always downwards.
Excellent explainer video. I definitely like this format, and hope to see more.
Seconded
This video reminded me of physics girl
I think I understood better here
Can't hear or see rocket sonic booms
Oh, whatever happened to her?
@leviichabod Sadly, she's still extremely sick. I think slightly better, but still really bad.
Yeah, I miss her. Hopefully she recovers soon.
13:57 Yes. More of these. Veritasium watch your heels you got competition... And yes I know he was your mentor😂
If interest in sonic booms continues, you could try this experiment.
Place a tethered balloon near the launch site up to about 300 to 500 meters in altitude. Put an audio recorder (like the small clip-on kind you are wearing in your shop?) at the balloon end, and possibly additional recorders along the tether separated by known distances from each other. After the rocket launch, pull the balloon back down to retrieve the recorders. Listen for the horizontal-radiating boom from the rocket as it passes by the recorder hanging in midair.
If there is a time stamp on the audio file, you could compare the time of the boom in each audio recordings, and see if the distance between each recorder correlates to the phase shift of the boom as it passes by each mic, given the speed at which the rocket is expected to be moving at that stage of its flight. Trying to calibrate the same time on each audio recording would be a significant issue to consider. Either the timebase of the recorders would have to be very stable (unlikely?), or use a distinctive external audio source that could be heard by the recorders just before the rocket launch (such as a very loud siren on the ground blaring out an identifiable pattern, or even a sub-sonic "sounding" rocket launch just prior to the super-sonic launch).
Excellent presentation clearing up the numerous misconceptions people have. Thank you for doing this. (Applause)
How's your back feeling....I felt that. Literally.....in my back.
wow that jumpsuit looks really good
also cavitation in water, like when a ship's propeller/screw moves too fast and gets all pitted and... screwed up 😄🚢
That's not supersonic.
@@whocares2277 true i guess it's technically what happens below the shockwave rather than in front of it
Fantastic video! Love seeing the new format, more of this, or maybe some parts like this in normal build videos, are very much welcome!
This style definitely gives off Dianna Cowern/Physics Girl vibes, & I mean that in the highest form of praise.
Getting people interested in & understanding STEM is every bit as valuable now as it's ever been.
Good work!
73 y.o. Retired Pharmacist here. I love your explanation on this complex subject . A thought popped into my head that with your great body of practical science knowledge and the variety of your projects to date, you could put together a great college course. You are a great instructor. 👍
Xyla, I'm sure Jamie Hyneman and Adam Savage will _LOVE_ being called "hippie aunts"... as _they_ are the ones who made a couple of episodes of their TV show where shockwaves were, in fact, visualized through slo-mo cameras that allowed us to actually _see_ the shockwave front as it propagated through the air - but that's not the point, the point is the mental image of The Human Walrus and his hat-wearing co-host as hippie aunts.
I think meteors entering the atmosphere should have gotten a Boomie 💁♀
Although those that cause damage _explode_ due to rapid heating and kinetic impact, not so much the sonic boom.
The universe of awesome science communicators on RUclips is lucky to have you Xyla. Keep it up!
I love adding the details this video had. Great explanation and adds to the whole context of your build. 🎉
Quick checks.
1) speed of sound in air is not constant. It can vary based on temperature
2) most frequent sonic booms I wonder if it would be (sad to say) guns/bullets which are well consumed in very high rates
Nah, there are 8 million lightning strikes per day. They're very common in the world
That's why I downvoted. Temperature matters. High school physics.
Speed of sound essentially depends on air density. Temperature, pressure and humidity are the main factors. Her analysis of sonic boom is subtly wrong because the speed of sound is very high in the compressed air of the shock wave, and it is in fact a sound wave, just not a normal one.
Not only temperature, but density. But I give her a pass on that. You can't go down EVERY rabbit hole in a 15-minute video.
@@kurtamesbury6679 Density is the primary factor and temperature depends on it.
But no she doesn't get a pass. She said speed of sound is constant. She could have said nothing, but she tripped over a rabbit hole.
6:40 dB not DB!
capitalisation matters!
also m/s not M/S
decabels!
@@Em4gdn1m deca has the prefix 'da' not 'D'
so... if we attached a mic to a balloon with 400m of string tied to the ground we could record it?
Yup! She should do that on her next launch!
I was a whopping 9 in 1991, tyvm.... okay so my oldest kid is now 19 and gone and....the POINT is, you COULD use a weather balloon for a silent, stable microphone platform at a given height, as long as the wind cooperated, or dangle the mic (with a squirrel tail) from a drone low enough that you don't hear much from the props.
This video was amazing! A complex topic explained on a such dynamic way. Hope I get to see more like it.
Epic epic epic... Keep it up!
How's your back doing??! OH SNAP!! LOL!
Ooff
11:34 "spacex falcon 9 launch" while showing the catch of super heavy aka starship lol
Yes, more like this please. As much as I really enjoy the actual building of your projects, it would be really cool if you could explain the science as you go as well, or maybe at the end of the video, I know this would make your videos longer, but I always think you can't have to much of a good thing 🙂🙂
Well done xyla. I learned about the sonic boom in highschool. I was very fascinated about it and still am.
Nice to hear about the special booms at the end of the video. Didn't know that.
Keep making these educational videos now and then.