General Embryology - Detailed Animation On Neurulation
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- Опубликовано: 7 сен 2024
- Neurulation is the stage of development where the neural plate forms the neural tube. The events that occur during neurulation mark the beginning of the formation of the central nervous system.
The first event in neurulation is the formation of a thickened area of cells, called the neural plate.
Approximately 19 days after fertilization, the notochord induces the ectodermal cells lying just cranial to the primitive node to differentiate into columnar neuroepithelial cells, in a process called neural induction.
The neural plate forms at the cranial end of the embryo, and grows in a cranial to caudal direction. The cranial end of the neural plate indicates the region of the eventual brain, and the narrower caudal end represents the eventual region of the spinal cord.
By the end of the third week of development, the lateral edges of the neural plate become elevated, and fold to form the neural fold.
The groove created by the folding of the neural plate is called the neural groove. Gradually, the two neural folds approach each other, beginning around the level of the fourth somite.
Approximately 25 days after fertilization, the folds fuse together, and the neural plate transforms into the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system.
Fusion of the neural tube usually begins in the cervical region, extending in both cranial and caudal directions. The openings that are formed at the cranial and caudal ends of the embryo are called cranial and caudal neuropores.
During the closure of the neural tube, cells on the lateral side of the neural plate detach forming a new cell population, called the neural crest.
The neural crest cells migrate and displace the cells of the ectoderm to enter the underlying mesoderm. These cells contribute to the formation of the peripheral nervous system, including the formation of neurons and glial cells of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nervous systems.
Once the neural tube has completely fused, the process of neurulation is complete.
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this video helps me a lot to understand what is actually happening in the embryo..... very helpful
Anytime they try to explain this with words, it's like doing a mental gymnastics with a fried brain. This video greatly helps.
Neurulation doesn't occur in the cranial-to-caudal direction. IT starts, because of a certain gradient, somewhere in the middle of the cranial-caudal axis and then moves in both directions. This is why a spina bifida can theoratically happen anywhere along the neural tube.
That depends what species you're talking about. The chick embryo zips from midbrain posterior and anterior to close the neural fold. Humans have 3 sites where the neuropore closes. Failure to close the most caudal neuropore around day 27 results in Spina bifida. The severity depends on the neurotube's exposure before the neuropore finally closes.
+GodofAtheism1 In my book it's only mentioned that the site were fusion begins is in the cervical region, around the fifth somite. What are the othe two sites? thanks in advance for the answer :-) .
No worries, bud. I got my information from "developmental biology, 9th edition by Scott F. Gilbert. Really good book.
+Phedre Delaunay And the book shows neuropore closures. 2 in the rostral area (anterior) and one around two somites down anterior to posterior. The picture with arrows showing closures is from Nakatsu et al. 2000. Hope it helps.
+GodofAtheism1 I managed to find the picture from an extract and really helped clear my mind, my book is far more generic than that....
Thank you for the help (again)!
Thank you very much for the video! It helps my medical study!
Have you finished now ?
Very good video. Just one addition: The chorda dorsalis (mesoderm) initiates the Neurulation as an organisator. Remnants are later found in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs.
The ectoderm initiates the neurolation and also the reminants you’re talking about is from the notochord
Why don't any of these videos finish the explanation of neurulation? They always only stop halfway....
YOU JUST SOLVED MY LIFE
Whoop whoop I finally got it 😊 thank you so much 👏👏
This video really help me to understand what's happen in embryo , thnx lot of
outstanding
thanks for your help
u extremely helped me i couldnt understand that point with my dr so i didnt understand the rest but now everything is fine
Thank you! The animation cleared this concept up for me.
This is exactly what I was looking for thanks.
Val Cronin good
woow such an amazing and easy explanation with great graphics, thanks for making this type of videos
Thank u so much for helping me get rid of all obscurity about those processes👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
Wow 😮😮😮you are amazing ❤❤❤❤
What is that cavity just above the neural tube, that was present before it formed? Like the first pic showed an embryo with two cavities and big yellow one and a small blue one.
yellow one is yolk sac and blue one is amniotic cavity
Thank you, your videos are the best!
OUTSTANDING!
Thank you very much for this nice video. ❤
thank you for the clear explanations from video
Easy to understand, thanks!
thank you
Awesome 👏.I can understand now
Very good explanation!
Ur videos are great sir 👌👌👌
凄くわかりやすいです。
that's very helpful thank you
+1 thank you sir ! There's no other words !
wow thank you
very nice , thank you so much
extremely usefull ,thank you very much
thanku soo much
so useful thanks god bless
Thank you!
Thank you 🌸
Thanks a lot
nicely done!
thank you so much
thanks
thank you so much !
thank you!!!
Very helpful. Thank you.
Thankyou very much
very nice
Hi, can I use this for a report on my biological psychology subject? I will include credits if it's okay? THANKS!
yes
good job
guys i need help with my biology assignment. i gotta name the nutrients that have the most important role during the closure of the neuropores. Pls anyone explain
Hey channel owner. Can I use this in one of my videos on development?
Thank you sir
helpful indeed!
in nonchordates notochord is absent so what makes endoskelton n cns in them
Nice Very Nice
finally life and medical makes sense to me....:)
thanks!
thanks alot 💕💕
awesome
jazakallah
permission to download ^^ thanks
hey guys... im having trouble with the formation of notochord. can anyone explain? and what is prechordal plate?
The prechordal plate is a localised thickening of the hypoblast, and is indicative of the head region and the future site of the mouth. Theres a video on the formation of the notochord in one of the earlier videos as well.
From what I remember,
When the epiblast invaginates and whatever remaining cells --> mesoderm.
Notochord = is the the space the (epiblast remaining invaginated cells) did not arrive to.
Embryology is crazy to describes in words, haha
notochord has 4 stages :
1- notochordal process : the cells migrate through the primitive pit to the space between ectoderm and endoderm .
2- notochordal canal : the primitive pit extends to reach the core of the notochordal process (stage 1)
3- notochordal plate : the inferior plate of the canal , goes away , so the superior plate is left to form a notochordal plate with a new canal connecting the aminiotic cavity with the yol sac .
4 defenitive notochord : the notochord :) .
P.S :
i *now the comment was from 1 year , but to other people who want to understand .
there is a letter missing from my *eyboard you *now it now :) .
LIFESAVER
Human creation in Quran
وَلَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ مِن سُلَٰلَةٖ مِّن طِينٖ
We have created man from an extract of clay.
(Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 12)
ثُمَّ جَعَلۡنَٰهُ نُطۡفَةٗ فِي قَرَارٖ مَّكِينٖ
Then We made him a sperm-drop in a firm resting place.
(Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 13)
ثُمَّ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلنُّطۡفَةَ عَلَقَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡعَلَقَةَ مُضۡغَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡمُضۡغَةَ عِظَٰمٗا فَكَسَوۡنَا ٱلۡعِظَٰمَ لَحۡمٗا ثُمَّ أَنشَأۡنَٰهُ خَلۡقًا ءَاخَرَۚ فَتَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقِينَ
Then We turned the sperm-drop into a clot, then We turned the clot into a fetus-lump, then We turned the fetus-lump into bones, then We clothed the bones with flesh; thereafter We developed it into another creature. So, glorious is Allah, the Best of the creators.
(Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 14)
Exactly. Sperm cannot grow into anything on their own let alone a blood clot. Even then, blood clots also can't grow into anything because they are dead mass. Not only that, bones and flesh are formed at the same time. And in the very end, we are still the same being not a different creature. So Allah is either a liar or Muhammed was a false prophet. Which one is it?
the 1st time i understand this is just nooow
🙏
fuck yeah
Back to God
Apanyan
fml
thank you
Thank you!
thanks
in nonchordates notochord is absent so what makes endoskelton n cns in them
Thank you!!
Thanks