6:18 sugar molecules are like batteries. We can store energy from solar panels into a battery storage during the day and using it at night. Pretty clever! Thank you trees!
It's because Photosystem II and so therefore the Oxygen Evolving Complex is initiated by photons, and then the OEC breaks the H2O to use the H protons and electrons, and expels H2 (it's called the Kok Cycle). CO2 comes in in a totally different part, the Light Independent Reactions.
It's because Photosystem II and so therefore the Oxygen Evolving Complex is initiated by photons, and then the OEC breaks the H2O to use the H protons and electrons, and expels H2 (it's called the Kok Cycle). CO2 comes in in a totally different part, the Light Independent Reactions.
I rememeber doing this in science class. Put a fresh clipping of gillyweed in a glass vial, and shine a bright light on it. You can see tiny bubbles of oxygen coming up.
@@TheBestRedditDaily well, you said "if" I do understand this joke, but I don't understand his and your carelessness about the seriousness of the situation
I did this exact process in my biology class in high school. This was a fun experiment that shows us how photosynthesis and cellular respiration is done.
Hey action lab.I got a video request. I was playing with my beach ball on my house tiles when i saw something weird happen. I spun the ball backwards,but instead of rolling backwards,it rolled foward while spinning backwards,then it stopped and rolled backwards while spinning backwards. When i tested it out on a surface that is not smooth,it just rolled backwards and never do the weird thing it did on a smooth surface. Can you please answer
The ball at first has enough momentum to continue forward, but when it slows down the spinning creates a stronger reverse with friction so it changes direction. The other surface was presumably a higher friction surface as well.
Forward motion in inertia and cetripital and centrifugal force in inertia combined with a smooth surface has no traction therefore allows the ball to move forward while spinning backwards there is a cushion of air between the ball and tile. That's my guess. I'm sure I could elaborate more but I'm tired.
I do aquascaping and to get some aquatic plants to grow you have to add CO². Some plants photosynthesize really quickly and produce a lot of oxygen bubbles, we call this "pearling" and it's a very beautiful sight.
@@alexh349 a container for vaccum and the connections I have bought. Now I try to figure out what vaccuum pump to buy that will give good result. But also not to loud. Plan to order pump next week
Why do you need baking soda for CO2? PSII and therefore the Oxygen Evolving Complex are activated by photons and H2O. CO2 doesn't come into play until the Light Independent Reactions. So you don't need CO2 to activate PSII and the OEC to release O2.
Leaves don't require CO2 to produce oxygen. The CO2 is used in the production of sucrose. Leaves produce O2 by using photons to excite the hydrogen, breaking the hydrogen-oxygen bonds in H20. The H+ bonds to CO2 in another process and the leftover O2 from the water is released as a gas. So, to produce oxygen, all you need to do is break the hydrogen bonds in water. The real trick is absorbing carbon dioxide from the air so that it gets bound into stable solids.
Must stop eating chicken,turkey,pork,beef, fish,crocidile ,etc first ,😑 they're much more sensible whereas fruits have that much 👉 0.0000000000000000001% which is negligible
There is a reason Japanese scientists used skin flakes from two male mice and made a new mouse in the lab with no mother. The cells on skin flakes are still living. Technically a scientist can take your skin cells from around town, let's say from the mall, and someone else's skin cells and make your baby without the need of a physical mother 🤯
There is a reason Japanese scientists used skin flakes from two male mice and made a new mouse in the lab with no mother. The cells on skin flakes are still living. Technically a scientist can take your skin cells from around town, let's say from the mall, and someone else's skin cells and make your baby without the need of a physical mother 🤯
@@knine4542 you can use a small piece of plexiglass on a cup, with a syringe. it really is reasonably easy, though i can see your point to some degree. ;)
Finally, Thank you, I was getting triggered so much by people only speaking about the first part of photosynthesis as if plants literally didn't have mitochondria an thus no cellular respiration(kreb's cycle) wich produce ATP AND CO2
This is for if you felt a little dizzy just do it, let the plant give oxygen inside your house And put it outside to throw back the carbon dioxide This is one way to live, he's absolutely not doing it for fun
@@tormendor8585 first of all, it's never about the mass when we're talking about gasses Second of all, this was just a little sample, you could make much more Least and never the last, you don't breathe jokes, you breathe oxygen, so stop joking about it because this could take place of an oxygen mask if someone suffocated
I told my mom that it's not about avoiding to be the most polluting contry, it's about TRYING TO BE THE BEST🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸 We and our schools even have solar pannels
Photosynthesis technically adapts to the amount of CO2 in the air, which means that if there are less trees, the rest of them would work harder and make more O2, while feeding themselves better in the process. Unfortunately, there's a limit to how much they can adapt.
You're wrong in something. Adaptation is slower than production. If the production is too high in just a little of time, we're doomed, which is basically what is happening
@@TheSpecialAviator It does. Trees grow better if there's extra CO2 in the air. However, if there's too much, they'll die; something similar happens when you give them too much water.
I cant recall if you mentioned the plant releasing hydrogen ions to increase ph to free up minerals in the soil/ substrate or water. Very cool video, thank you
Those bubbles are definitely from photosynthesis but the bubbles are not coming from the actual leaves, but from the edge of the leaves where you cut them, because the oxygen formation is just too rapid to come from the leaves. The same rapid oxygen formation can be observed on freshly cut aquatic plants in fish tanks although there it is much more apparent with CO2 diffusion and liquid fertilization being a thing.
"For $1 they will plant one tree and we need to raise $20 mil to plant 20 mil trees". Aha!!! so there are already 20 mil trees somewhere doing their job of cooling earth down. So, no need to donate just to relocate trees from point A to B.
I’m kinda late to this video with a comment, but I have 2 questions: 1) Why would the water boil if left in vacuum longer? 2) How do we know that the O2 from the atmosphere is not diffusing back into the water?
The Action Lab: Sodium bicarbonate! His brother: Actually, it is baking soda. The Action Lab: That’s what I said! Sodium bicarbonate! His brother: No dude, you said sodium bicarbonate. People already know you are smart, so you don’t need to call things their scientific name. You call soda soda, so why do you call baking soda sodium bicarbonate? Baking soda is just soda for baking, dude.
If whole team trees goal was to create as much oxygen/ photosynthesis as possible they should have gone with grass. A field of grass produces 10x more oxygen than the same field with a full canopy of trees.
i did this in 9th grade biology, I don’t remember how we got rid of the oxygen in the leaves and we used an overhead lamp so it didn’t look as cool as this but it was still fun, we also got to hole punch leaves. Oh, I remember, we just did that same thing with a syringe, very fun.
How do you know that is not CO2 coming from the backing soda degradation that makes that bubbles? Can you put together with the spinach disks some paper disks or light plastic disks has a control? If it's oxygen production, only the spinach disks will float, if it's CO2 from backing soda degradation all of them should float.
Great video, and thanks! You missed a trick though: you've now made some oxygen that you've carefully captured in those bubbles (with the soap, assume). What happens if you put a piece of magnesium ribbon into the bubbles? Also, if you just wanted to keep the leaves down (to make oxygen) you could trap them under some metal gauze, which means more leaves, more oxygen, and more fun with the magnesium ribbon!
Wonderful initiative of planting trees !! A suggestion, at 3:05 you can put light translation background below the text so that it is highlighted well 😊
You are one of mu favourite youtuber.. i was always waiting for the time we have a team and a lab inventing things you ..me.. mr teslonian ..codyslab.. and king of random..RIP.. maybe in another life..
You were just being offered the course You obviously didn't learn anything or else you'll know what's the difference between learning and being taught 😤 Also, play your role or die miserably
@@alexh349 any type of help is a big difference, no matter what If not donating then personally planting, if neither one then convince who can so there is eventually a difference to occur
Very cool. More stuff should be taught like this in schools and in college, with experiments to show it. My only worry about team trees is that last time they didnt seem to really think about what kind of trees they would plant, because just randomly planting trees somewhere can cause (depending on how many trees of such species is planted in one place) ecological problems. Plus the results would only be seen years/decades later (not a problem in itself, but should find a way to make sure the maximum ammount of buds, sapplings, young trees make it to plant adulthood...
![KSI - Dirty [Official Visualiser]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/VoDh1h1dPUE/mqdefault.jpg)
Who’s addicted to oxygen? 🙋♂️
I prefer carbon dioxide
It can kill you if you breathe 100% oxygen
I'm still trying to stop. The struggle is real.
Me
Me it’s too addicting
6:18 sugar molecules are like batteries. We can store energy from solar panels into a battery storage during the day and using it at night. Pretty clever! Thank you trees!
You're making a video that would've been a fun way to teach me as a kid at school that would make me understand more easily. Props to you!!!
When the spinach dots get enough oxygen they decide to leaf.
Underrated
Oh my god take my like
Nice one...
😂😂😂
Unbeleafable
Mom: Get up son ! It's Sunrise 🌄
Son : And what do you want me to do .. Photosynthesis !!?
You are right 😂
😂😂
Mom: Son, you not a plant, are you?
Son: *ye*
Mom:- you are not a human to tho🙂😂😂🤣
Too much effort, I go sleep now.
When the conditions are right, plants in aquariums create oxygen which bubble up quite rapidly. It's called pearling and is really cool to watch.
Idc
It's because Photosystem II and so therefore the Oxygen Evolving Complex is initiated by photons, and then the OEC breaks the H2O to use the H protons and electrons, and expels H2 (it's called the Kok Cycle). CO2 comes in in a totally different part, the Light Independent Reactions.
It's because Photosystem II and so therefore the Oxygen Evolving Complex is initiated by photons, and then the OEC breaks the H2O to use the H protons and electrons, and expels H2 (it's called the Kok Cycle). CO2 comes in in a totally different part, the Light Independent Reactions.
This guy: look im making my own oxygen.
Spinach leaf: wut.?
Lolz
BREAKING NEWS: Crazy scientist invents new lava lamp that uses living cells instead of wax!
They don't care about what's real to post it as "breaking news"
Scamming is what they work with
What’s a lava lamp?
@@jbmst1450 something from the 60,s
I'm waiting for a lava lamp that uses actual lava
1:44 that camera movement was clean
yes it was
“Sorry, you cannot donate in this country or region”. SEE! its not me causing global warming!
Change vpn is free 1 week
Wht country r u in?
PixeL GameR4321 a country thats ass obviously!
I'm in morocco and i see it too... It sucks
@@darcoz3028 is it China? Or north Korea or the philipenes or in africa whitch one
I'm glad to see that youtubers are collaborating for the sake of our planet... awesome.
Also I like your vids alot
I wanna see just one millionaire to donate a million dollars for the fund raiser
I would if I was a millionaire
Elon musk will
Watch mr beast video he donated
Elon Musk should donate to the fund raiser
Largest donator is mr beast at 100k
All : in 2019 we will have flying cars
2019: making my own oxygen...
Aeroplanes and rockets : are we crawling then??
I rememeber doing this in science class.
Put a fresh clipping of gillyweed in a glass vial, and shine a bright light on it.
You can see tiny bubbles of oxygen coming up.
That's the best and most amazing part
u sure you aren't at Hogwarts?
In Soviet Russia
Photosynthesis makes you with oxygen
I saw you in an other video
Ya
Just Some Bigfoot With Internet Access the best comment I’ve ever read😂😂
@@ellitt1148 get off the internet if you can't understand jokes
@@TheBestRedditDaily well, you said "if"
I do understand this joke, but I don't understand his and your carelessness about the seriousness of the situation
It’s so fascinating that plants use this in-between step to convert energy
Yaaa
Next episode: making fuel with algae.
You can see it in planted tanks. Pump in co2 and watch air bubbles come out of plants.
Breaking news : man makes leaves float up wards without soul sand
Minecraft elevator in real life
I dont get it
I mean it is technically sou sand still included, hes using something that should be considered alive in a small scale to produce gas to make it float
Well it not minecrafttt
I did this exact process in my biology class in high school. This was a fun experiment that shows us how photosynthesis and cellular respiration is done.
Hey action lab.I got a video request.
I was playing with my beach ball on my house tiles when i saw something weird happen.
I spun the ball backwards,but instead of rolling backwards,it rolled foward while spinning backwards,then it stopped and rolled backwards while spinning backwards.
When i tested it out on a surface that is not smooth,it just rolled backwards and never do the weird thing it did on a smooth surface.
Can you please answer
Friction
The ball at first has enough momentum to continue forward, but when it slows down the spinning creates a stronger reverse with friction so it changes direction. The other surface was presumably a higher friction surface as well.
You just experienced friction my friend
Forward motion in inertia and cetripital and centrifugal force in inertia combined with a smooth surface has no traction therefore allows the ball to move forward while spinning backwards there is a cushion of air between the ball and tile. That's my guess. I'm sure I could elaborate more but I'm tired.
It's a third law of motion bro
I do aquascaping and to get some aquatic plants to grow you have to add CO².
Some plants photosynthesize really quickly and produce a lot of oxygen bubbles, we call this "pearling" and it's a very beautiful sight.
Who are all come after oxygen crisis in India🙋♂️ and also eager to know about oxygen generation
"okay there's my leaf discs", this guy's accent always cracks me up because you can tell it's an aspen tree because of the way it is
this dude is literally google personified
A soulless Monopoly with a long term game of controlling the world?
sauce of your pfp?
I saw four different channels in my notif talking bout trees, I checked at The Action Lab and I guessed right
I learn so much from your videos, thank you for existing!
Thank you so much!
I'm biology lover. @TheActionLab
Always great to see your videos. You inspired me to buy a vaccum chamber to use in my future videos on my channel.
You mean the container in a vacum?
@@alexh349 a container for vaccum and the connections I have bought. Now I try to figure out what vaccuum pump to buy that will give good result. But also not to loud. Plan to order pump next week
@@BaronOfSweden amazon reviews
@@alexh349 Ty. I will check that out for sure.
Why do you need baking soda for CO2? PSII and therefore the Oxygen Evolving Complex are activated by photons and H2O. CO2 doesn't come into play until the Light Independent Reactions. So you don't need CO2 to activate PSII and the OEC to release O2.
Should’ve made this video before my photosynthesis unit test ;) i got a 60 on it😢 pray for me.
This video actually helped me better than my notes😂
Leaves don't require CO2 to produce oxygen. The CO2 is used in the production of sucrose. Leaves produce O2 by using photons to excite the hydrogen, breaking the hydrogen-oxygen bonds in H20. The H+ bonds to CO2 in another process and the leftover O2 from the water is released as a gas.
So, to produce oxygen, all you need to do is break the hydrogen bonds in water. The real trick is absorbing carbon dioxide from the air so that it gets bound into stable solids.
How come I just realized that even after we picked vegetables leaves from its plant, their cells are still alive.
Must stop eating chicken,turkey,pork,beef, fish,crocidile ,etc first ,😑 they're much more sensible whereas fruits have that much 👉 0.0000000000000000001% which is negligible
Death is a process, ionized
@@divyanshkherde5019 that sentence doesnt make any sense...
There is a reason Japanese scientists used skin flakes from two male mice and made a new mouse in the lab with no mother. The cells on skin flakes are still living.
Technically a scientist can take your skin cells from around town, let's say from the mall, and someone else's skin cells and make your baby without the need of a physical mother 🤯
There is a reason Japanese scientists used skin flakes from two male mice and made a new mouse in the lab with no mother. The cells on skin flakes are still living.
Technically a scientist can take your skin cells from around town, let's say from the mall, and someone else's skin cells and make your baby without the need of a physical mother 🤯
god: who wants to go to heaven
leaf: me
leaf: 3:43
Action lab without vaccum-😞
Action lab with vaccum-😍
Thanks for the experiment. It saved me for my biology gcse paper 1 this year
James : Making my own oxygen with photosynthesis
Leaf : AM I A JOKE TO YOU???
Is James his actual name?
@@QH-173 yup
I am greek and the word fhotosynthesis at greek is: Φοτοσύνθεση
that was a fun easy experiment, very cool.
dijasom very easy to obtain a vacuum chamber
@@knine4542 you can use a small piece of plexiglass on a cup, with a syringe. it really is reasonably easy, though i can see your point to some degree. ;)
It's my 7th grade cell unit all over again
tbh, it's kind of fascinating
Finally, Thank you, I was getting triggered so much by people only speaking about the first part of photosynthesis as if plants literally didn't have mitochondria an thus no cellular respiration(kreb's cycle) wich produce ATP AND CO2
This is for if you felt a little dizzy just do it, let the plant give oxygen inside your house
And put it outside to throw back the carbon dioxide
This is one way to live, he's absolutely not doing it for fun
@@ellitt1148 yay 5 micrograms of oxygen!
@@tormendor8585 first of all, it's never about the mass when we're talking about gasses
Second of all, this was just a little sample, you could make much more
Least and never the last, you don't breathe jokes, you breathe oxygen, so stop joking about it because this could take place of an oxygen mask if someone suffocated
@@ellitt1148 people must love you since youre that friendly
RUclipsr are doing a better job than so many other company's
I paid 6$ for teamtrees
I'm the guys that love environments from TH🇹🇭
I’m glad you explained the gold leaf. I thought maybe you were an alchemist!!
I wanna cry, all youtubers are doing this. I still have faith un humanity
I told my mom that it's not about avoiding to be the most polluting contry, it's about TRYING TO BE THE BEST🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸 We and our schools even have solar pannels
@@alexh349 thats cool but in my country the fucking car fumes make your nose burn
I love this I have always wonders how it realy worked thank you
Photosynthesis technically adapts to the amount of CO2 in the air, which means that if there are less trees, the rest of them would work harder and make more O2, while feeding themselves better in the process. Unfortunately, there's a limit to how much they can adapt.
What about the mass of the tree doesn't that come from carbon dioxide
You're wrong in something. Adaptation is slower than production. If the production is too high in just a little of time, we're doomed, which is basically what is happening
@@TheSpecialAviator It does. Trees grow better if there's extra CO2 in the air. However, if there's too much, they'll die; something similar happens when you give them too much water.
@@gamesanime268 all the trees around us are diying or dead because MY STEP DAD KEEPS KILLING THE SAPLINGS I TAKE CARE OF!
yes but no
I cant recall if you mentioned the plant releasing hydrogen ions to increase ph to free up minerals in the soil/ substrate or water. Very cool video, thank you
Nope didn't mention that
Wow this la amazing. I love this channel!
How organized science its. science is art... and otherwise
PS Saludos desde Argentina A.Lab!
I never thought these reactions would be so fast! Great demonstration!
Mom: What's that smell coming from my plant?
Me: Oxygen.
The smell it's not that you thinking. Mom I swear
Those bubbles are definitely from photosynthesis but the bubbles are not coming from the actual leaves, but from the edge of the leaves where you cut them, because the oxygen formation is just too rapid to come from the leaves. The same rapid oxygen formation can be observed on freshly cut aquatic plants in fish tanks although there it is much more apparent with CO2 diffusion and liquid fertilization being a thing.
"For $1 they will plant one tree and we need to raise $20 mil to plant 20 mil trees". Aha!!! so there are already 20 mil trees somewhere doing their job of cooling earth down. So, no need to donate just to relocate trees from point A to B.
Amazing video! congratulations for your work! i love those videos about science
Holy crap the donations are going by the thousands in MINUTES!!!
Half of the money is probably from MrBeast lol
now there are millions of trees being planted
I’m kinda late to this video with a comment, but I have 2 questions: 1) Why would the water boil if left in vacuum longer? 2) How do we know that the O2 from the atmosphere is not diffusing back into the water?
The Action Lab: Sodium bicarbonate!
His brother: Actually, it is baking soda.
The Action Lab: That’s what I said! Sodium bicarbonate!
His brother: No dude, you said sodium bicarbonate. People already know you are smart, so you don’t need to call things their scientific name. You call soda soda, so why do you call baking soda sodium bicarbonate? Baking soda is just soda for baking, dude.
Dumb person triggered by intelligence.
Fink Ployd I was trying to do the sodium chloride meme, if you know what I mean...
*raises eyebrows like tennis ball and golf ball did in bfb 6*
@@CTGReviews obscure as hell
you are one of the few youtubers that makes me realize how little I know about anything. And I say that as a good thing!
Zoomed in slow motion probably would be neat to see
Love you and your videos..... they are very informative 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Eating these leavrs would be sweet cos of sugar molecules?
No
I'm literally gonna search on RUclips every science channel I know
You don't heart comments anymore?! Been so long! Nice to see everyone getting on #teamtrees
Indian!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
When I started the photosynthesis lab in AP Biology that started today, I suddenly remembered this video
It's just beautiful how tons of youtubers have join forces for this cause
It's good to see photosynthesis in action. #TeamTrees
Without this oxygen thousand of covid patient dies in India 😥
No leaf was harmed in the making of this video.
lol
Imagine making an underground shelter and instead of having the lights above you, you have collums of lights at the sides with this set up
*The only thing faster than light:* My recognition of the gold leaf from his other video
Hi
2:25 Ohp! ther seenkin!
1919: Money doesn't grows on trees
2019: Trees grows on money
good one
Momma O 👍
Universe collapses
When the leaves drop and then slowly go back up... SCIENCE!!!
You ever just breath air to flex on fish🗿
Fernando these jokes are all so cute. Specially on this good cause. Feeling happyyy
Thanks for supporting TeamTrees!
Plz be first coment
What
Wow!! Nature is beautiful indeed.
First. I guess
oxygen: im better than you!
nitrogen: no! im better than you!
hydrogen and helium; let us introduce ourselves.
Aight guys I’m holding a poll. How many tree related videos have you recieved in your subscription list within the last 40 minutes? I have 11
Is this what you care about? Instead of caring about at least making a difference yourself
Get your own life or leave others' you piece of crack
Your not getting ANY numbers out of me bozo, it's about makeing a difference not about CATAGORY!
@@alexh349 this is one comment reported
Just few thousands to go....
@@ellitt1148 my comment or the rude one we are replying to?
@@ellitt1148 China unsencored has ALOT of comments that need to be reported because there are spammers with propaganda like conor x2
This is the bestest photosynthesis experiment ever
If whole team trees goal was to create as much oxygen/ photosynthesis as possible they should have gone with grass. A field of grass produces 10x more oxygen than the same field with a full canopy of trees.
i did this in 9th grade biology, I don’t remember how we got rid of the oxygen in the leaves and we used an overhead lamp so it didn’t look as cool as this but it was still fun, we also got to hole punch leaves. Oh, I remember, we just did that same thing with a syringe, very fun.
How do you know that is not CO2 coming from the backing soda degradation that makes that bubbles? Can you put together with the spinach disks some paper disks or light plastic disks has a control? If it's oxygen production, only the spinach disks will float, if it's CO2 from backing soda degradation all of them should float.
Great video, and thanks! You missed a trick though: you've now made some oxygen that you've carefully captured in those bubbles (with the soap, assume). What happens if you put a piece of magnesium ribbon into the bubbles?
Also, if you just wanted to keep the leaves down (to make oxygen) you could trap them under some metal gauze, which means more leaves, more oxygen, and more fun with the magnesium ribbon!
I had to do this for Bio....
YOU KNOW 100% I SCREWED IT UP.
Amazing video. You are awesome...😁😁🙂
This would really be a huuuge help to the corona patients out there .
Wonderful initiative of planting trees !!
A suggestion, at 3:05 you can put light translation background below the text so that it is highlighted well 😊
really really cool experiment to exhibit photosynthsis
This is cool, didn't know Photosynthesis happened that quickly!
I am learning this to survive at places that doesn't have oxygen. Thank you teacher :)
You are one of mu favourite youtuber.. i was always waiting for the time we have a team and a lab inventing things you ..me.. mr teslonian ..codyslab.. and king of random..RIP.. maybe in another life..
Ur very smart man your channel is going very good love ur videos
You are amazing!❤️❤️❤️
Thank you for helping me with a school project❤
A spinach flan recipe would be nice, thanks.
Awesome experiment, why didn't i see this in science class? Great video Thanks for sharing!
I was learning about this in my science class today!!!!
How old are u
@@paulvonhindenburg3668 Same, learning about solar energy today.
You were just being offered the course
You obviously didn't learn anything or else you'll know what's the difference between learning and being taught 😤
Also, play your role or die miserably
@@ellitt1148 good thing we are playing our role we have solar pannels (not on roof in yard)
@@alexh349 any type of help is a big difference, no matter what
If not donating then personally planting, if neither one then convince who can so there is eventually a difference to occur
Very cool. More stuff should be taught like this in schools and in college, with experiments to show it. My only worry about team trees is that last time they didnt seem to really think about what kind of trees they would plant, because just randomly planting trees somewhere can cause (depending on how many trees of such species is planted in one place) ecological problems. Plus the results would only be seen years/decades later (not a problem in itself, but should find a way to make sure the maximum ammount of buds, sapplings, young trees make it to plant adulthood...