This might be another case of the NASA/STS definition differing from the typical definition, but typically this is not the "critical angle of attack." Crit AOA normally is maximum coefficient of lift (irrespective of drag) aka stall. The speed referred to in this video is maximum lift/drag ratio, which is a smaller AOA.
Yes, you're right I confused max L/D and max L. That was a silly mistake on my behalf and I should have been more careful with my terminology. However, the front and back side still remains in the context of the L/D curve, just imagine "Critical AoA" replaced with "Max L/D AoA". Thanks for pointing it out, if you don't mind I'll pin your comment so others can get the correction.
The URL below links to a declassified DoD document regarding observed heat loads on the X-15 during testing. I can tell you for certain that it gets hot enough to melt steel at the leading edge of the wing root. They nearly lost a vehicle that way on a low altitude high speed run. apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/328494.pdf
@@forfun5238 the absolute theoretical maximum can be found with the formula T = sqrt(5c/(mv^2)) in the case of Earth's atmosphere, where c is the stefan boltzmann constant and m is the average mass of an air molecule. The actual temperature will certainly be less that this, depending on how blunt the surface is against the airflow.
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, i may be daft but i am not stupid, WHAT A DRAG E
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, i may be daft but i am not stupid,
This is, by far, the most concise and easy to understand demonstration of how shuttle re-entry and approach works I've ever seen. Shuttle-hugger approved.
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, i may be daft but i am not stupid,
@@harrymacdonald858If I understand correctly, you're saying that the shuttle goes too fast and and at that speed the airframe should have failed? If so, then the answer is that in low earth orbit, above the atmosphere, there is no air so no resistance. And the shuttle "flies like a brick" precisely because it has wings. Without wings it couldn't glide.
I am fascinated by the amount of knowledge you'd need to have and amount of fact fact-checking you'd need to do to make such a fantastic video. And then... The wonderfully simplistic yet extremely comprehensible animation to aid that information. Beautiful job, mate. 👍 PS: long time no see!
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, i may be daft but i am not stupid, WHAT A DRAG, So Space is a Cartoon.
Another awesome video, Ben! The animations, diagrams, and graphs are all easy to interpret and understand and the voice over is easy to follow. The particle effects look amazing with the glow and the bright colors really pop. I learned a lot in this one, especially about the re-entry phase maneuvers. I look forward to the next one. Oh, and thanks for the shoutout!
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail, i may be daft but i am not stupid, WHAT A DRAG, So Space is a Cartoon.
Awesome video! The Space Shuttle is a remarkable vehicle, as it had to deal with all of the challenges of spaceflight and aeronautics, and you covered that very well in this overview! I can't wait for your next video
Wow congrats on 15k subs, I remember when you were only at 2.3k! I got very excited this morning when I saw that you posted a new video! Hope you are staying safe and can’t wait for more of your amazing content!
Even if the shuttle didn't serve its purpose of bring cost down, but I am still proud to hang pictures of it on my wall! Good job, you earned a new subscriber!
I'm honestly surprised about this. I thought I knew everything about the space shuttle and its re-entry after nearly four months, and I just learned a ton of new things. New subscriber earned.
What you animated as as 'bank angle' is actually yaw, usually controlled by the rudder of an aircraft.The wings are drawn as being kept level - it incorrect. Bank is the displacement angle to the horizontal after an aircraft has rolled along the direction of flight (using the ailerons) which is exactly what the Shuttle performed during its S-turn maneuver - it used its ailerons
Managing velocity, drag, lift, and energy while keeping your azimuth error low was really hard when I tried it manually in Orbiter 2016. Mad props to the shuttle flight computer and Joe Engle!
Joe was awesome. He performed a short alpha modulation of +/- 5 degrees and witnessed plasma attach to the windscreen right when he was starting to push the nose back down.
Re-entry is a complex subject, and radically different schemes have been used. The X-15, the Mercury and Gemini capsules, the Apollo capsules, the Shuttle, the SpaceX Starship, and Artemis/Orion, all used very different ways of handling the stresses of re-entry. (Artemis/Orion has an interesting way of handling return from the Moon, and will probably surprise a lot of observers.)
Many many thanks for this awesome video, with very cool animation and amazing explanation...Love your work man. I request you to please make a video on Orbital Mechanics covering all aspects like this one.
One thing I find amusing is that despite the shuttle's reputation as a flying brick, if you took a shuttle and another delta winged craft, say Concorde for example, and dropped them both from 50,000 feet Concorde would hit the ground long before the shuttle would as the shuttle of the two is actually the better glider!
Everybody who's played Kerbal Space Program knows, how difficult it is, to design a re-entry plane that has a controllable AoA and doesn't flip into the airstream either nose-first, tail-first or worse yet, alternating between the two.
If it wasn’t crazy enough that a ‘flying brick’ aka Shuttle was actually a glider for landing I was stunned to learn that the ‘flight corridor’ had to factor in a short phase during which it was planned to skip off the atmosphere due to an initial high angle of attack to bleed off a large amount of re-entry speed. Then land on the relative postage stamp of a runway.
In addition to the velocity changing with the bank angle due to the changing descent rate, there is one more important factor to bank angle I think: Since the atmosphere becomes denser the closer you get to the ground drag will increase faster with a high descent ratio
Yes but no, that's a common misconception as far as reentry is concerned. Yes, it's technically true, but it's insignificant during drag management. The atmospheric density variation in the altitudes of the reentry is minimal (Note the bulk of the density variation is at lower altitude mosaic.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/image_12133-2.png ), and has much less of an effect compared to velocity variation in the drag equation. Drag is linearly proportional to air density but proportional to the SQUARE of velocity ( i.stack.imgur.com/Z7t0b.png ). Which means at the orbiter's high velocity, drag is very sensitive to even small changes in velocity. However!... Atmospheric density starts to become the more dominant factor at lower altitudes where the variation in density by altitude is larger, and the orbiter's velocity is lower and more constant, meaning drag is influenced less by velocity (but still prominent). So what you said is technically true but really only comes into play after the reentry during terminal area energy management (Which isn't flown by drag, but by total energy state of the orbiter).
Hey just a quick question in the beggining of the video we hear "Endeavour Houston we see a nominal MECO Welcome to space" just wondering in which mission did that transmission occur?
1:35 , This incorrect overshoot drag just means you will over shoot the target point, there is no skipping out of the atmosphere or altitude rise. The aircraft is still dropping, due to speed decrease.
Very informative SS.....just out of interest, timewise roughly how long is it from red hot re-entry to the very cold temps of the stratosphere ? In other words that transition period ?
I've been wondering: If the Columbia crew had known there was a problem with the left wing, could they have altered the entry profile to minimize the problem, and possibly make it through? My understanding is that at the time of the breakup, they were past the point of maximum heating-or, at least, what normally would have been past the point of maximum heating.
This video was AMAZING. I had no idea that non-zero bank angle was used at all during re-entry, and certainly not that it was critical for a successful re-entry! What sort of maximum bank angles did orbiters typically reach in the re-entry guidance phase?
A friend of mine in my Freshman year at Harvey Mudd College did a simulation for these parameters for Shuttle Re-entry as his previous years' senior project. Was it the one used? I doubt it but using any amount of computing power for that by a buncha undergrads in '78 was purty cool.
Hello, I am a player of Manual Docking. It is very hard to do mission 5, aka Skylab Visit because of low propellant. Can you add more propellant on mission 5?
This might be another case of the NASA/STS definition differing from the typical definition, but typically this is not the "critical angle of attack." Crit AOA normally is maximum coefficient of lift (irrespective of drag) aka stall. The speed referred to in this video is maximum lift/drag ratio, which is a smaller AOA.
Yes, you're right I confused max L/D and max L. That was a silly mistake on my behalf and I should have been more careful with my terminology. However, the front and back side still remains in the context of the L/D curve, just imagine "Critical AoA" replaced with "Max L/D AoA". Thanks for pointing it out, if you don't mind I'll pin your comment so others can get the correction.
@@SimplySpace could you tell me what will be the skin temperature of rocket going 2km/s at 32 km altitude ? I'm talking bout X-15 and X-45
The URL below links to a declassified DoD document regarding observed heat loads on the X-15 during testing. I can tell you for certain that it gets hot enough to melt steel at the leading edge of the wing root. They nearly lost a vehicle that way on a low altitude high speed run.
apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/328494.pdf
@@forfun5238 the absolute theoretical maximum can be found with the formula T = sqrt(5c/(mv^2)) in the case of Earth's atmosphere, where c is the stefan boltzmann constant and m is the average mass of an air molecule. The actual temperature will certainly be less that this, depending on how blunt the surface is against the airflow.
Nerrrrrrrrrrrrrrd
This guy didnt deserve 15k+ subs,
He deserves 100k+ subs
He s so informative
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
i may be daft but i am not stupid, WHAT A DRAG E
you don’t deserve those 15k subs-
YOU DESERVE 10MILLION SUBS THIS IS SO DETAILED OML REEEEE ILY
Welcome Back You Legend!
SFS PLAYER
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
i may be daft but i am not stupid,
Man this is so fascinating. So much more detail than I've seen elsewhere
This is, by far, the most concise and easy to understand demonstration of how shuttle re-entry and approach works I've ever seen. Shuttle-hugger approved.
Shuttle and Buran are the greatest machines ever made. Love them so much since my youth. Never forget.
Crazy that the buran could land without any people on board!
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
i may be daft but i am not stupid,
@@harrymacdonald858If I understand correctly, you're saying that the shuttle goes too fast and and at that speed the airframe should have failed? If so, then the answer is that in low earth orbit, above the atmosphere, there is no air so no resistance. And the shuttle "flies like a brick" precisely because it has wings. Without wings it couldn't glide.
Amazing job, love your animation and to-the-point narration!
Excellent video. The AOA sensor in the nose of the shuttle is a pretty interesting piece of hardware that I haven't seen anyone cover in depth yet.
Lets face it William the SHUTTLE is pretty interesting !
This how RUclips should be .well done simply space
Marvelous video for Aerospace student, Sir Deserves minimum 1M subscribers.. 💕 From Nepal
I am fascinated by the amount of knowledge you'd need to have and amount of fact fact-checking you'd need to do to make such a fantastic video. And then... The wonderfully simplistic yet extremely comprehensible animation to aid that information.
Beautiful job, mate. 👍
PS: long time no see!
Yea, there was a lot of reading.
@@SimplySpace Much appreciated! I can hear you saying the above in an Australian accent now! 😀
@@FredPlanatia I think he's New Zealish, not Australian haha
Another great video! Keep up the amazing work!
That's a drag but quite up lifting, really good video with great detail. I miss the shuttle. 👍
Me too, I miss the shuttles. What great engineering, to put it mildly. Bless those with the brains!!!
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
i may be daft but i am not stupid, WHAT A DRAG, So Space is a Cartoon.
Another awesome video, Ben! The animations, diagrams, and graphs are all easy to interpret and understand and the voice over is easy to follow. The particle effects look amazing with the glow and the bright colors really pop. I learned a lot in this one, especially about the re-entry phase maneuvers. I look forward to the next one. Oh, and thanks for the shoutout!
Sr 71 blackbird top speed mph 2200 miles per hour any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
If a space shuttle flies “like a brick”, why does it need wings? To attain orbit at a speed of 17,500 mph (5 mile per second) Sr71 ...0.61 Miles per second, any faster the air frame will WILL Fail,
i may be daft but i am not stupid, WHAT A DRAG, So Space is a Cartoon.
Really good video, with much information and animations so I learn new things. Keep up this amazing work!
Awesome video! The Space Shuttle is a remarkable vehicle, as it had to deal with all of the challenges of spaceflight and aeronautics, and you covered that very well in this overview! I can't wait for your next video
Wow congrats on 15k subs, I remember when you were only at 2.3k! I got very excited this morning when I saw that you posted a new video! Hope you are staying safe and can’t wait for more of your amazing content!
Thanks! I live in New Zealand, staying safe isn't too challenging.
Even if the shuttle didn't serve its purpose of bring cost down, but I am still proud to hang pictures of it on my wall! Good job, you earned a new subscriber!
Thanks you! I've got many pictures of the orbiters hanging up. No matter what, they're engineering marvels of their time.
what a fantastic explanation of bank angle, and its utility. amazing video. thank you so much, DA
Damn, this is the best video I've ever seen on this subject !! Really a clever job ! =)
I'm honestly surprised about this. I thought I knew everything about the space shuttle and its re-entry after nearly four months, and I just learned a ton of new things. New subscriber earned.
Please come back and make more videos
You must be a NASA aerospace engineer!! Your technical knowledge and ability to explain it so proficiently, is brilliant.
Great videos every space nerd would love this and even a lot of normal people you do a great job saying things keep up the good work man.
This is amazing! I want more of these videos!
Thanks you for fueling my obsession with the shuttle program and the nuts and bolts of re-entry, one of the most dangerous parts of the journey
I've got only 1 thing to say
You are underrated af
What an amazing video! Amazing! Great job in explaining the complexities if Shuttle re-entry! Kudos?
Judging by the black chines, this is the orbiter Columbia
Nice spotting. I like that unique detail on Columbia.
@@SimplySpace so do I, Columbia was unique in many ways which made her my favorite. RIP STS-107
@@Oklahomarailfan.agreed
Amazing explenation and very useful illustration, well done, precious space channel !
Wonderful little study. Thank you.
This video is simply amazing
I already watch 3 times. And the YT keep sending to me watch again.
You are good in mine book,well done sir.
Great video! Looking forward to future uploads!
This was so intense, I watched it twice!
Thank You Sir
amazing! excellent work. very well explained.
Very well put together video. Blew my mind when I realized you only had 15k subs. Keep it up and I see many more in the future. Excellent work!
Great video! And very informative. It also makes me miss space shuttle landings.
Don’t we all?
Keep at it Ben! The quality and quantity of your videos keep getting better and better!
Clarkson!!!
@@SimplySpace Look what you've done to my bloody shed, man!
One of the best. Videos that I've seen thank you
Outstanding mate, great job!
Nice one. Enjoyed the video and graphics. Makes it very clear.
Wonderful video! You honestly deserve a lot more recognition for such quality work!
What you animated as as 'bank angle' is actually yaw, usually controlled by the rudder of an aircraft.The wings are drawn as being kept level - it incorrect. Bank is the displacement angle to the horizontal after an aircraft has rolled along the direction of flight (using the ailerons) which is exactly what the Shuttle performed during its S-turn maneuver - it used its ailerons
Managing velocity, drag, lift, and energy while keeping your azimuth error low was really hard when I tried it manually in Orbiter 2016. Mad props to the shuttle flight computer and Joe Engle!
Joe was awesome. He performed a short alpha modulation of +/- 5 degrees and witnessed plasma attach to the windscreen right when he was starting to push the nose back down.
I just searched for spacestuff, found this video , it's really interesting and easily understandable..
This was excellent. Thank you!
Amazing video with really good simulations
Very well explained. You deserve a thumbs-up and a subscription!
I am at the first MIR station level of the manual docking and it is awesome
Incredible representation 🤗
This is great video! Well done!
Legend!
Sticky outy front bit... peed my pants from laughter! 😂🤣👍
Great job!
Re-entry is a complex subject, and radically different schemes have been used. The X-15, the Mercury and Gemini capsules, the Apollo capsules, the Shuttle, the SpaceX Starship, and Artemis/Orion, all used very different ways of handling the stresses of re-entry. (Artemis/Orion has an interesting way of handling return from the Moon, and will probably surprise a lot of observers.)
keep up the good work! the video is very informative
Many many thanks for this awesome video, with very cool animation and amazing explanation...Love your work man. I request you to please make a video on Orbital Mechanics covering all aspects like this one.
One thing I find amusing is that despite the shuttle's reputation as a flying brick, if you took a shuttle and another delta winged craft, say Concorde for example, and dropped them both from 50,000 feet Concorde would hit the ground long before the shuttle would as the shuttle of the two is actually the better glider!
Hey I have completed all the docking in that docking game! I really enjoyed it.
How did you get all your knowledge?
10 min on...OK, here is my subscription.
Outstanding video!
Come back Simply Space, we miss you. :'(
I will soon, but at the moment I'm quite busy.
Amazing video. Thanks!
Where r u bro why u don't uploading vids now:(
Everybody who's played Kerbal Space Program knows, how difficult it is, to design a re-entry plane that has a controllable AoA and doesn't flip into the airstream either nose-first, tail-first or worse yet, alternating between the two.
Simply an amazing video!!
Great video thx for sharing
🖖🏼👽
thank you
Thank you
Very well explained!
If it wasn’t crazy enough that a ‘flying brick’ aka Shuttle was actually a glider for landing I was stunned to learn that the ‘flight corridor’ had to factor in a short phase during which it was planned to skip off the atmosphere due to an initial high angle of attack to bleed off a large amount of re-entry speed. Then land on the relative postage stamp of a runway.
In addition to the velocity changing with the bank angle due to the changing descent rate, there is one more important factor to bank angle I think: Since the atmosphere becomes denser the closer you get to the ground drag will increase faster with a high descent ratio
Yes but no, that's a common misconception as far as reentry is concerned. Yes, it's technically true, but it's insignificant during drag management. The atmospheric density variation in the altitudes of the reentry is minimal (Note the bulk of the density variation is at lower altitude mosaic.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/inline-images/image_12133-2.png ), and has much less of an effect compared to velocity variation in the drag equation. Drag is linearly proportional to air density but proportional to the SQUARE of velocity ( i.stack.imgur.com/Z7t0b.png ). Which means at the orbiter's high velocity, drag is very sensitive to even small changes in velocity.
However!... Atmospheric density starts to become the more dominant factor at lower altitudes where the variation in density by altitude is larger, and the orbiter's velocity is lower and more constant, meaning drag is influenced less by velocity (but still prominent). So what you said is technically true but really only comes into play after the reentry during terminal area energy management (Which isn't flown by drag, but by total energy state of the orbiter).
This is excellent.
Imagine how proud the Wright Brothers would be.
amazing stufff !!
i love this guy's accent.
Hey just a quick question in the beggining of the video we hear "Endeavour Houston we see a nominal MECO Welcome to space" just wondering in which mission did that transmission occur?
No idea, it's been a long time since I grabbed that audio bite.
@@SimplySpace Ah that is sad however thank you for responding
1:35 , This incorrect overshoot drag just means you will over shoot the target point, there is no skipping out of the atmosphere or altitude rise. The aircraft is still dropping, due to speed decrease.
Great video ! Always very technical information ! I try to give a bit more like you in my last one as well
Excellent animation and explanation. You got yourself another subscriber. Do you have anything similar on capsule reentries?
What kind of aluminum did they make the frame out of? 6061 2024?
Very interesting! Congratulation!
Dont forget to like guys, lets help him gain more subs!
Will you post again pls?
Yup
@@SimplySpace Wait so when are you gonna upload? These videos are so good!
Very informative SS.....just out of interest, timewise roughly how long is it from red hot re-entry to the very cold temps of the stratosphere ? In other words that transition period ?
Ayyy finally you're back!
I've been wondering: If the Columbia crew had known there was a problem with the left wing, could they have altered the entry profile to minimize the problem, and possibly make it through? My understanding is that at the time of the breakup, they were past the point of maximum heating-or, at least, what normally would have been past the point of maximum heating.
love your work
This video was AMAZING. I had no idea that non-zero bank angle was used at all during re-entry, and certainly not that it was critical for a successful re-entry! What sort of maximum bank angles did orbiters typically reach in the re-entry guidance phase?
Thanks. Off the top of my head, the bank angle limit was 80 degrees.
@@SimplySpace Wow - so it could come in almost sideways!
A friend of mine in my Freshman year at Harvey Mudd College did a simulation for these parameters for Shuttle Re-entry as his previous years' senior project. Was it the one used? I doubt it but using any amount of computing power for that by a buncha undergrads in '78 was purty cool.
i love this job
useful video i re enter and landed safely my shuttle on Kerbal Space Program
Why is the overshoot boundary such an issue? is it because it affects where the landing takes place?
Hello, I am a player of Manual Docking. It is very hard to do mission 5, aka Skylab Visit because of low propellant. Can you add more propellant on mission 5?
Excellent video
I gotta ask, are you Aussie or Kiwi? I’m not sure but I’m leaning Kiwi
Kiwi 🇳🇿
Absolutely amazing video, thanks. I find the shuttle so complex yet fascinating.
What do you use to animate your videos?
Blender