Thank you so much! These videos are very instructive. There is something I would like to know, the salt origin is a brine, but when it is in this state, it is dry, isn’t it? What amount of pressure (range) is the salt suffering to flow? Can it have traces of water inside? Thanks again.
Thanks for your interest and question! Salt here is flowing - by cystalline plasticity - which is the same way as ice flows in a glacier. (for example). Salt can flow under its own weight - it has an effective finite viscosity (like syrup, but with a higher viscosity). So if it's thick enough it can flow at the Earth's surface (hence the "salt glaciers" (at 6'.45" in the video). Ideal halite is dry, but it can have (small amounts of) water as part of its crystal lattice, or as very thin films on grain boundaries - and this will greater enhance deformation (reduce viscosity) not least, because it enhances diffusion. Hope these asnwer your questions...
Hi Rob. In the vertical movement of the salt in a salt diaper, while it's pushing through/piercing through the overlying thick sediments, how much heat is generated ?and is it possible of some crystalization in top salt layers?
Thanks for the question. Salt bodies are expected to be associated with higher heat-flows because salt conducts heat more effectively than porous sedimentary rocks. But take care interpreting salt bodies as "intrusive" - pushing through overburden (the classical diapiric explanation) - down-building of strata adjacent to the salt dome may be a better explanation - revealed by stratal relationships .... So the apparent intrusive truncation of strata against salt domes could be onlap.... Hope you enjoy the seismic interpretations....
Hi Rob, I have two Questions 1 why is there no example from the Himalayan Salt Range of Salt Glaciers, this is also a thrust belt. 2 In Salt Range, Eocambrian Salt Range Formation SRF has upper content with younger fms of Cambrian to early Permian ages in different parts of the range, what are the causes of this variation of ages of fms of upper contact of SRF on outcrops.
Interesting questions about the Salt Range. Check out the video here on NW Himalayan thrust front. There's a lot about salt in the (ancient) paper: Butler, R.W.H., Coward, M.P., Harwood, G.M. & Knipe, R.J. 1987. Salt control on thrust geometry, structural style and gravitational collapse along the Himalayan mountain front in the Salt Range of northern Pakistan. In: Dynamical geology of salt and related structures (ed. I. Lerche & J.J. O'Brien) pp. 339-418. Academic Press, Orlando. There is salt extrusion (not huge) near Khewra. The different strat contacts are interpreted to be unconformities (see also the work of E.R. Gee) ....
Hi Rob, I was wondering how to explain drastic sediment thickness differences either side of a salt diapir? Would it simply be down-building on 1 side of the salt allowing for the generation of more accommodation space? Thanks
Yes - differential down-building is the obvious explanation... there's no particular reason why these mini basins need to form by synchronous salt evacuation... interesting to think about the 3D and if structures like this form rim withdrawn synclines... but we can't go there in this particular case - with this single 2D profile...
@@robbutler2095 Hi Rob, leading on from this, is it possible that sediment can also withdraw or apparently thicken above a salt pillow. I've been interpreting a seismic line of the southern North Sea and the Jurassic package apparently thickens above a salt pillow, which I thought was counterintuitive to downbuilding. I came across a paper but can't which that stated it could to do with the mechanical properties of different rocks. Thanks again.
@@jakefry6563 It's not uncommon for a salt dome to drain out (especially on slopes) so that you get in effect a minibasin downbuilding between two early ones (that formed as the dome initially formed) .... you can get some crazy stratal geometries with salt ... sometimes the only evidence that salt was in the system if it has all drained out.....
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Thank you, your videos are very good. I learn many new things
Fantastic explanation. Please make a video on AVO as well. Thanks
Thanks... I've not done things (yet) on attributes etc...
Thank you so much! These videos are very instructive. There is something I would like to know, the salt origin is a brine, but when it is in this state, it is dry, isn’t it? What amount of pressure (range) is the salt suffering to flow? Can it have traces of water inside? Thanks again.
Thanks for your interest and question! Salt here is flowing - by cystalline plasticity - which is the same way as ice flows in a glacier. (for example). Salt can flow under its own weight - it has an effective finite viscosity (like syrup, but with a higher viscosity). So if it's thick enough it can flow at the Earth's surface (hence the "salt glaciers" (at 6'.45" in the video). Ideal halite is dry, but it can have (small amounts of) water as part of its crystal lattice, or as very thin films on grain boundaries - and this will greater enhance deformation (reduce viscosity) not least, because it enhances diffusion. Hope these asnwer your questions...
Thanks a lot 🙏🙏
Hi Rob. In the vertical movement of the salt in a salt diaper, while it's pushing through/piercing through the overlying thick sediments, how much heat is generated ?and is it possible of some crystalization in top salt layers?
Thanks for the question. Salt bodies are expected to be associated with higher heat-flows because salt conducts heat more effectively than porous sedimentary rocks. But take care interpreting salt bodies as "intrusive" - pushing through overburden (the classical diapiric explanation) - down-building of strata adjacent to the salt dome may be a better explanation - revealed by stratal relationships .... So the apparent intrusive truncation of strata against salt domes could be onlap.... Hope you enjoy the seismic interpretations....
Wow ty.
Hi Rob, I have two Questions
1 why is there no example from the Himalayan Salt Range of Salt Glaciers, this is also a thrust belt.
2 In Salt Range, Eocambrian Salt Range Formation SRF has upper content with younger fms of Cambrian to early Permian ages in different parts of the range, what are the causes of this variation of ages of fms of upper contact of SRF on outcrops.
Interesting questions about the Salt Range. Check out the video here on NW Himalayan thrust front. There's a lot about salt in the (ancient) paper: Butler, R.W.H., Coward, M.P., Harwood, G.M. & Knipe, R.J. 1987. Salt control on thrust geometry, structural style and gravitational collapse along the Himalayan mountain front in the Salt Range of northern Pakistan. In: Dynamical geology of salt and related structures (ed. I. Lerche & J.J. O'Brien) pp. 339-418. Academic Press, Orlando. There is salt extrusion (not huge) near Khewra. The different strat contacts are interpreted to be unconformities (see also the work of E.R. Gee) ....
I'm gonna cry
Hi Rob,
I was wondering how to explain drastic sediment thickness differences either side of a salt diapir? Would it simply be down-building on 1 side of the salt allowing for the generation of more accommodation space?
Thanks
Yes - differential down-building is the obvious explanation... there's no particular reason why these mini basins need to form by synchronous salt evacuation... interesting to think about the 3D and if structures like this form rim withdrawn synclines... but we can't go there in this particular case - with this single 2D profile...
@@robbutler2095 Hi Rob, leading on from this, is it possible that sediment can also withdraw or apparently thicken above a salt pillow. I've been interpreting a seismic line of the southern North Sea and the Jurassic package apparently thickens above a salt pillow, which I thought was counterintuitive to downbuilding. I came across a paper but can't which that stated it could to do with the mechanical properties of different rocks. Thanks again.
@@jakefry6563 It's not uncommon for a salt dome to drain out (especially on slopes) so that you get in effect a minibasin downbuilding between two early ones (that formed as the dome initially formed) .... you can get some crazy stratal geometries with salt ... sometimes the only evidence that salt was in the system if it has all drained out.....