Just so you know Drew, your score is determined by how your start is. So if you start really strong and grow your score won’t be as high as if you started as a tiny nation and tripled in size. Good video :) Plz like so he sees.
@@rock7343 It makes sense if you want the score to be a representation of how well each nation did in the campaign. Otherwise, you would keep seeing the same nations winning every time. Keep in mind that this isn't a Great Powers list, but a score leaderboard.
@@timelapseparadox9126 But, a tiny nation that that starts next to an empire that always falls apart will always do good in the score, and as you just saw in the video, Rome fell apart, so you would not always see the same names every time as you describe. And a strong nation that gets crippled early in the campaign but makes a comeback and take huge swaths of land is still valued less than a little nation that got lucky. They can keep this weird "improvement" score if they want, but have a great powers list as well, just like all their other games (Stellaris sort-of has this)
The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian Empire. Elephants are good swimmers by the way
The Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt, Phrygia and Macedon were all run by Alexander the Great's former generals. Seleucus I Niactor, Ptolemy, Lysimacus and Antigonis I Monophthalmus (One-Eyed) repectively.
Your spelling of Boii-es is incorrect. He was referring to the Boii tribe - a Celtic tribe of the late Iron-Age and occupied territories in current-day Austria.
erni muja absolutely none, Iberia has turned into Georgia as a nation state and Albanians assimilated into Georgians and Armenians cause turks took over
@@tornikemeparishvili836 Turks? They was asimilated by persians in Atrapatena. The actual name Azerbijan mean Atropatena. Albania are more like Lezgins, but they were fully asimilated by atropatenese in XII
Mauryans dominating everyone is historical. They beat Seleucids and actually united India and became its first empire. The only thing that stopped them was the fact that deserts of Persia make supplying armies insanely hard, and their competent emperors kept dying too fast until they collapsed. Also, there was no "Sri Lanka" back then. Lanka island was considered just another regular part of India, and was even a province of many empires.
I mean the main thing was Ashoka's conversion and way of peace which broke the empire, if they kept going they could have been like the Mongols and had their influence all over asia and parts of Europe like they did
4:00 The Byzantine Empire took its name from the city Byzantion that later became Constantinoupole. During this time periode it is the old good Greek Byzantion. A Megarian colony.
3:58 Byzantion was a Greek City State. Long time after conquering Greece by Rome, imperator Constantine decided to settle new city on the ruins of Byzantion. Later eastern romans will refer to Byzantion and name their country Byzantium.
Vikings weren't just in Norway, the other Europeans even called scandinavians Danes because it was mixed and they didn't know the difference. The majority were from Denmark and Sweden because the milder climate gave space for more people.
Tyranny- Imp Rome- CK2- EU4- MoTE- VIC2- Darkest Hour- HOI4- Cities Skylines- Survivng Mars- Age of Wonders: Planetfall- Stellaris. Cant wait to see the ultimate time line
I hear they finally added engine tools for map games going forward which made Imperator Rome easier to make and the largest map in a Paradox game yet. So the mod situation will probably be huge for this game.
Seeing this video, I have a few new impressions of the game. There are things that I am very happy about, and there are things that disappoint me. Positives: States can collapse. Negatives: Immense border gore and failures on paradox's side to establish a realistic expansion logic. The collapses don't occur in cases when they definately should. Massive trend of political unification. It makes sense to an extent as what happened in real life was that Rome conquered "basically everything". But barbarian tribal empires should still fall apart way more often. There is a reason that there were so many small tribes across Gaul at the start of the game, and the same rules should apply after 100 years of the game running. There may be some temporary tribal empires that pop up, like Samo's Empire or the Empire of Genghis Khan, but it should take a lot to establish a Gaulish empire involving a slow expansion.
Man you read my thoughts. Seeing that Gaulish empire and how Maruya just rolled into persia and carthage in england. It's just sad. I hoped for a game that treated ancient blobning like it truly was, situational and hard
The first civilization in history was the Durnilian civilization. With their god: Painbrush, they conquered the universe and left the garbage planet of Earth.
Score doesn’t indicate power lol.if u make a large empire from an originally small country get slot more points then from making an empire from a really big starting country
From what it looks like the score is increased depending on your starting situation maybe? So say if you start as a small province that becomes an empire it scales up.
I'm terribly sorry, but could you please tell me this charming melody you use as the background music for this delightful video, if its no problem of course, again i'm terribly sorry for this bother.
I think the score system takes into account the starting size of the state. States that start off very small and grow into massive empires score more highly
Iberia is Georgia btw and albanians were blonde people who lived in where Azerbaijan is now and they migrated north of caucasus and west towards crimea.
After unification with other Kertvelian tribes Abkhazia, Tao-Klarjeti, Kakheti we became Sakartvo. West from Iberia colchis is just, western kingdoms of Georgia: Imereti and Abkhazia. Most eastern are Hereti and Kakheti. All this tribes spoke same language “Kartuli” and were same people “Kartvelian”. For the first time we unified in 975. King Bagrat III inherited all the kingdoms(Most of them). And he conquered last bits.
Bro pleeaasse do a mega campaign with this and all the other paradox games + the modern day mod for your 400 or 500,000 sub special. I know it's a lot of work for you, but if you have nothing else planned, they're so good and some of my favourite of your videos :) (Plus maybe to avoid gore you could use mods to clean up the borders?)
My parents: disappointed I like playing video games My friends: surprised I like watching other people play video games on RUclips Me: fascinated with watching computer games play themselves.
@Drew Durnil: That score screen is measuring how well the country did based on their starting difficulty. It isn't a power ranker. Basically, it divides the number of happy pops you have by the starting difficulty of your tag. The lower division number indicates a harder starting position.
The name Iberian Peninsula is a modern naming phenomenon and it was never historically referred to as such. Its always been Spania or Hispania. Iberia was a kingdom in modern country of Georgia. I believe the origin is the theory that Hispania was the location of the Golden Fleece as described in the Argolid (Jason and the Argonauts), but as there was an extant kingdom at the time named Iberia it is thought that _that_ location is the place of the legendary Golden Fleece. It is reminiscent to how modern historians use the name Byzantium to refer to Ancient Romania (geographical name for the Empire of the Romans). Caucasian Albania is also a historical kingdom to the area and has nothing to do with the modern Slavic-Illyrian Albania of the Balkan Peninsula other than coincidental naming. (to expel confusion I will say that Wallachia is called Romania in the modern day because of Ottoman dubbing as the Vlachs spoke a Latinate language, they not differing between Latin and Greek as they were similar enough to these alien Persianized Turks).
I miss china and genrelly east asia i mean yea its Imperator ROME but china also had some interesting stuff going on at that time werent the three kingdoms at that time? (correct me if im wrong im Not THAT interested in asian history) oh and sorry for my Bad grammar. my First language is german not englisch
Three kingdoms is way after when this game takes place. Drew just ran the game far past its end date. IE over 200 years past this game’s end date is the three kingdoms.
Well crete had the first european empire (Minoans), as well as the first extensive colonisation in the Mediterranean Sea. So its not that far-fetched to have a more extensive role in a game of the ancient world
![Wiz Khalifa - Khalifa's Home [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/wnrLCTe0Nz4/mqdefault.jpg)
Fan fact: drew is thanos, who destroys countrys by saying that they will win
he's the pewdiepie of countries
Dark Otaku ok
So is antman goin up his butt or som’n?
He will make it perfectly balanced
That is true
“I love boys” -Drew 2k19.
Things have really taken a turn for the worst haven’t it
Nothing has changed really
"Things have really taken a turn for the worst haven’t it"? Please elaborate?
Good times
somewhere in the world, a certain rambling man is very happy.
Who would have thought?
I think we all know that the reason new religions don't pop up is so Paradox can make a DLC about that
Truth is being spoken lol
New DLC: "AD"
New DLC: "The Rus"
New DLC: "Africanus"
New DLC: "Qina"
New DLC: "Asymalation"
@@cpMetis that is a genuinely good prediction
@@cpMetis Besides the fact it's assimilation, that's probably very accurate.
@@PhoenixFires Assymilation as in assyria
Top Tip: If Drew says they might win, they are doomed
And if (he) says they are doomed they are going to win
TheAwillz The Paint Brush of death
He's the speedwagon of this universe
Just so you know Drew, your score is determined by how your start is. So if you start really strong and grow your score won’t be as high as if you started as a tiny nation and tripled in size. Good video :)
Plz like so he sees.
Ayyyyyy my boy got the heart by the soi boi himself
becareful
he like boys
That is a terrible way to do score.
@@rock7343 It makes sense if you want the score to be a representation of how well each nation did in the campaign. Otherwise, you would keep seeing the same nations winning every time. Keep in mind that this isn't a Great Powers list, but a score leaderboard.
@@timelapseparadox9126 But, a tiny nation that that starts next to an empire that always falls apart will always do good in the score, and as you just saw in the video, Rome fell apart, so you would not always see the same names every time as you describe. And a strong nation that gets crippled early in the campaign but makes a comeback and take huge swaths of land is still valued less than a little nation that got lucky.
They can keep this weird "improvement" score if they want, but have a great powers list as well, just like all their other games (Stellaris sort-of has this)
The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian Empire.
Elephants are good swimmers by the way
Thanks, now i don't have to look this up on wikipedia
@@d.hermanski7731 You should anyway, it's super interesting.
@@d.hermanski7731 Well worth looking into
Wow, James, great moves, keep it up, proud of you!
The Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt, Phrygia and Macedon were all run by Alexander the Great's former generals. Seleucus I Niactor, Ptolemy, Lysimacus and Antigonis I Monophthalmus (One-Eyed) repectively.
Carthage! Delete Rome! Damn Drew you went all out on the Roman attire, massive respect!
"I love boys" - Drew Durnil 7:14
Great Minds think alike I see
@@ryanmaslak5416 i doubt thinking is an available trait in the drew durnil community
#CRNK Konstus same here
*bois
Your spelling of Boii-es is incorrect. He was referring to the Boii tribe - a Celtic tribe of the late Iron-Age and occupied territories in current-day Austria.
Ulm vs Boi... would be the greatest battle of all history
HECK YEAH
Ulm vs Boi vs Luxembourg
Boi has Kratos on his side, too OP.
ulm vs boi vs menguko vs banat
The Boi people once lived in the region now known as Ulm. They are one in the same!
Iberia is an ancient Georgian kingdom alongside Kolchia, and Albania is pre-Azerbaijani kingdom basically what was before turks came in region
erni muja absolutely none, Iberia has turned into Georgia as a nation state and Albanians assimilated into Georgians and Armenians cause turks took over
@@tornikemeparishvili836 Turks? They was asimilated by persians in Atrapatena. The actual name Azerbijan mean Atropatena. Albania are more like Lezgins, but they were fully asimilated by atropatenese in XII
7:14 "I love boys"
Thank you Drew, very cool!
Maurya: "The Persian Empire has collapsed! Time to conquer all of India!"
"Most of India"
Ah, man of culture :))
'Hey get out of here, will you get out if I give you 500 elephants ok'
"But no one conqueres the Tamil Kings. Who are the Tamil Kings? Merchants, probably!"
Janus and the end got **SPICES**
That wasn't a persian empire , that was a greek empire
That Rome was Controlled by Benito
"I love boys"
Truly, a roman.
Nero Dino Sulla, after having retired from his dictatorship for life, went to some island to live with his male lover. Yes, indeed.
Nero Dino *Greek
@@mdelucia28 It was a Roman thing too, they were major hellenophiles.
@@victorconway444 Greeks discovered orgies, Romans added woman in it
@@ruslang4794 Yeah but Romans weren't against male-to-male relations any more than the Greeks either. Until Christianity came along, of course.
10:40 Cersei Lannister wants to know your location.
bbonner422 elephants xD
hahaha Xd
A.z wants to know tour location
Title could be compared to the status of the Middle East.
heh
made me heh
How?
Too real lol
Very edgy, I'm impressed
Everyone was Persian back then in Middle East or eygptian
"I like boys"- emperor Drew
Don't we all
No_Name *boiis
Maybe
He don’t just like boys, he love boys
Left ear reveal on 400k special
Not even 400K but that lovely ear 👀👂
As soon as a Imperator rome converter comes out WE CALL FOR A SUPER MEGA CAMPAIGN.
Mauryans dominating everyone is historical. They beat Seleucids and actually united India and became its first empire. The only thing that stopped them was the fact that deserts of Persia make supplying armies insanely hard, and their competent emperors kept dying too fast until they collapsed.
Also, there was no "Sri Lanka" back then. Lanka island was considered just another regular part of India, and was even a province of many empires.
Bharat ak din akhand hoga
I mean the main thing was Ashoka's conversion and way of peace which broke the empire, if they kept going they could have been like the Mongols and had their influence all over asia and parts of Europe like they did
"I need to stop being lazy, but that's hard." -Drew Durnil 2019
Byzantion was originally a greek colony
Its Byzantion in this game. The spelling "Byzantium" is a latinisation (form lack of a real word lol) of the original.
@Reunite The British Empire
Yes, it was. Did you even bother looking it up?
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantium
Reunite The British Empire yes it was
Reunite The British Empire it was
@Reunite The British Empire What did you said that ? I mean, its was obviously a greek colony...
Hey Drew wanna play call of duty ?
Drew : Do I have to like actually press buttons and shit to play it ?
yeah
Drew: Get out of my sight
Alternative path
Me: Hey Drew, you wanna play Call of Duty?
Drew: Does it have the Holy Roman Empire?
Me: *_Shakes nervously_*
Next time dress up as cleopatra you will look so hot
What the Maurya Empire would have been like had Ashoka not turned Buddhist...
Byzantion was a Greek city founded around 660 BC where now the occupied city of Constantinople lies.
Roman empire is proud of you drew... NOVA SPQR
Roman republic*
I prefer: SQPR
I'll come back in a year and there will be a million DLCs
im pretty sure that there's already a unit pack...soo the money squeezing is still a thing!
4:00
The Byzantine Empire took its name from the city Byzantion that later became Constantinoupole. During this time periode it is the old good Greek Byzantion. A Megarian colony.
Rather it was given that name by Wolf.
I thought it was first called byzantium
@@WallaceBreenFromKentucky
Byzantium was the Latin name. Byzantion was the Ancient Greek one.
super mega campaign HYPE!
3:58 Byzantion was a Greek City State. Long time after conquering Greece by Rome, imperator Constantine decided to settle new city on the ruins of Byzantion. Later eastern romans will refer to Byzantion and name their country Byzantium.
The name "Byzantium" was first used in the 16th century by a German to refer to the Empire. During its time it wasn't actually used.
@@aantony2001 Yeah, i know. I've just simplified that for our Boiiii
Fun Fact about the name Albania, it's also a name for Scotland
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_(placename)#Albania_(Scotland)
Vikings weren't just in Norway, the other Europeans even called scandinavians Danes because it was mixed and they didn't know the difference.
The majority were from Denmark and Sweden because the milder climate gave space for more people.
WE NEED PARADOX MEGA CAMPAIGN WITH CITY SKYLINES
Yeah
From Imp: Rome to Ck2 to eu4 to vic2 to hoi4 to city skylines to stellaris
@@atomicfission4826 yo wtf, spectating cities skylines is gonna be a blast!
Tyranny- Imp Rome- CK2- EU4- MoTE- VIC2- Darkest Hour- HOI4- Cities Skylines- Survivng Mars- Age of Wonders: Planetfall- Stellaris.
Cant wait to see the ultimate time line
How dare you to not included the best game of paradox games ever
Rebels 2!! I mean Victoria 2
M A R C H O F T H E E A G L E S
"I LOVE BOI"
"I love boys"
- Drew "If He's Old Enough to Pee He's Old Enough for Me" Durnil
I hear they finally added engine tools for map games going forward which made Imperator Rome easier to make and the largest map in a Paradox game yet. So the mod situation will probably be huge for this game.
"I love boys"-Drew 2019
Seeing this video, I have a few new impressions of the game. There are things that I am very happy about, and there are things that disappoint me.
Positives: States can collapse.
Negatives:
Immense border gore and failures on paradox's side to establish a realistic expansion logic.
The collapses don't occur in cases when they definately should.
Massive trend of political unification.
It makes sense to an extent as what happened in real life was that Rome conquered "basically everything". But barbarian tribal empires should still fall apart way more often.
There is a reason that there were so many small tribes across Gaul at the start of the game, and the same rules should apply after 100 years of the game running.
There may be some temporary tribal empires that pop up, like Samo's Empire or the Empire of Genghis Khan, but it should take a lot to establish a Gaulish empire involving a slow expansion.
Maulana Iskandar I'd probably pay for it if it was 80 bucks.
But sadly, I think that the DLCs will just brake the game logic even further.
Man you read my thoughts. Seeing that Gaulish empire and how Maruya just rolled into persia and carthage in england. It's just sad. I hoped for a game that treated ancient blobning like it truly was, situational and hard
It's funny seeing you on this video since we spent a while arguing whether Caesar or Alexander was the better general in another video.
@@IPendragonI I'd say Alexander based on his history but I feel like Caesar would out smart Alexander
@@djavanalderromero Well I was arguing for Alexander but he was Caesar so...
"Rome is doing Roman things, I think only Carthage could stand in their way"
*Hannibal Barca wants to know your location*
What have we learned here today kids...especially you boys, yes do't go to mr Durnils house when he says he has candy in his basement
Well I live in his basement, and personally, I love it.
5:57 Time to conquer all of India....err *most of India*
LOL
Bill Wurtz confirmed.
How is it possible that I literally see you everywhere. Like, it's actually scary. I think we're the same person.
"I need to stop being lazy, but that's really hard."
Made me laugh harder than it probably should have.
B O I S T R O N K
I hope that B O I will be like the Ulm of Imperator Rome honestly, and if not I'll B O I -cott Paradox Interactive
The first civilization in history was the Durnilian civilization. With their god: Painbrush, they conquered the universe and left the garbage planet of Earth.
Loves boys and kush... this has been a revealing video for Drew.
7:14 Alright, i did not expected to hear that from you.
Paradox with... no DLC? *What is this witchcraft that is called a new release*
Score doesn’t indicate power lol.if u make a large empire from an originally small country get slot more points then from making an empire from a really big starting country
10:25
_Hannibal has entered the chat_
And, when does the game end? Like, the time limit.
Who would win?
The largest and strongest empire in Europe history. - One small Boi
I hate to do this but wouldn't the largest and strongest Empire in European history be Great Britain.
@@andirichards7371 If you look only on Europe not
More views on the battles please the army composition is greatly interesting
From what it looks like the score is increased depending on your starting situation maybe?
So say if you start as a small province that becomes an empire it scales up.
I'm terribly sorry, but could you please tell me this charming melody you use as the background music for this delightful video, if its no problem of course, again i'm terribly sorry for this bother.
I think the score system takes into account the starting size of the state. States that start off very small and grow into massive empires score more highly
Time for mega campaign 2: Electric Boogaloo
Wooah Drew knows surprisingly a lot of history. Love from Pella, Greece,🇬🇷
1:31 Luv and kush are brothers in Hinduism btw
Every state independent mega campaign. See how long it takes for you PC to set on fire.
America: i fought the Brits for a few years
France: i fought them for 100 hundred years
Ireland: amateurs
France: whats that?
Ireland: AMATEURS!!!!!
Big Irish Potatoe Boi hey atleast they have potatoes
Iberia is Georgia btw and albanians were blonde people who lived in where Azerbaijan is now and they migrated north of caucasus and west towards crimea.
How did Georgia go from Iberia to Sakartvelo?
After unification with other Kertvelian tribes Abkhazia, Tao-Klarjeti, Kakheti we became Sakartvo. West from Iberia colchis is just, western kingdoms of Georgia: Imereti and Abkhazia. Most eastern are Hereti and Kakheti. All this tribes spoke same language “Kartuli” and were same people “Kartvelian”. For the first time we unified in 975. King Bagrat III inherited all the kingdoms(Most of them). And he conquered last bits.
First A.I Imperator Rome video...
It’s great like always.
Great work
Drew- "i love boys"
His entire audience-" I knew it!!"
What hearts of iron 4 mod is this
1:36 (to the left) “BOI” XD
Reminds me of Rome Total War. Maybe I’ll pick this one up thanks for the video
“I really need to stop being lazy [and learn stuff] ... but that’s really hard” - Drew 2019
You inspire me
i like watching when drew plays, and hes honestly not that bad
the youtuber who are "better" then him, arent nearly as entertaining while playing
Hannibal finally go straight to Rome and did not go like a mad man with bunch of elephants crossing the Alps
Drew looked so happy talking about Kush.
11:57 Just so you know Yuezhi few years after the Imperator end date created Kushan Empire. Yup Kushan.
"I love boys" - Drew Durnil 2019
Nations get more score if they started super small
I bet there is a super Switzerland mod for hoi4 that has Switzerland control every landlocked province in the game
Bro pleeaasse do a mega campaign with this and all the other paradox games + the modern day mod for your 400 or 500,000 sub special.
I know it's a lot of work for you, but if you have nothing else planned, they're so good and some of my favourite of your videos :)
(Plus maybe to avoid gore you could use mods to clean up the borders?)
Agreed
i just love your video's
Kush discovered a ruin and rushed tech then built their first wonder. That's why they're doing so well.
"I love Boys"
Drew
2019
My parents: disappointed I like playing video games
My friends: surprised I like watching other people play video games on RUclips
Me: fascinated with watching computer games play themselves.
I’ve been waiting for you to start doing this game. My day is made.
*clasps hands together*
1:30 *_B O I_*
"I should stop being lazy... but that's really hard." Word's to live by my friend. The dude abides.
Can't wait to see the new Paradox Campaigns starting with Boi facing off against Rome in an epic battle to the death...
4:36 I’m wheezing
the land bridge between sri lanka and india is a really cool touch, its still around today, but as a bunch of islands
*What CK2 mod is this?*
H I L A R I O U S A N D O R I G I N A L
Idk but i is a good one
Please do a campaign as Boi.
I love Drew's attempt to play the game
@Drew Durnil: That score screen is measuring how well the country did based on their starting difficulty. It isn't a power ranker. Basically, it divides the number of happy pops you have by the starting difficulty of your tag. The lower division number indicates a harder starting position.
The name Iberian Peninsula is a modern naming phenomenon and it was never historically referred to as such. Its always been Spania or Hispania. Iberia was a kingdom in modern country of Georgia. I believe the origin is the theory that Hispania was the location of the Golden Fleece as described in the Argolid (Jason and the Argonauts), but as there was an extant kingdom at the time named Iberia it is thought that _that_ location is the place of the legendary Golden Fleece. It is reminiscent to how modern historians use the name Byzantium to refer to Ancient Romania (geographical name for the Empire of the Romans). Caucasian Albania is also a historical kingdom to the area and has nothing to do with the modern Slavic-Illyrian Albania of the Balkan Peninsula other than coincidental naming.
(to expel confusion I will say that Wallachia is called Romania in the modern day because of Ottoman dubbing as the Vlachs spoke a Latinate language, they not differing between Latin and Greek as they were similar enough to these alien Persianized Turks).
Meh, where is Imperator Rome artillery only
you see byzantion was alredy a fishing village there when konstantin founded konstaninople on the same spot as the abandoned fishing village was.
Starting location is accounted for when scoring, the top ones did not have the best starting locations so they got a higher score.
I miss china and genrelly east asia i mean yea its Imperator ROME but china also had some interesting stuff going on at that time werent the three kingdoms at that time? (correct me if im wrong im Not THAT interested in asian history) oh and sorry for my Bad grammar. my First language is german not englisch
Three kingdoms is way after when this game takes place. Drew just ran the game far past its end date. IE over 200 years past this game’s end date is the three kingdoms.
But the han dinasty was i believe, imagine han china against maurya
@@CraftsmanOfAwsomenes oh thank you i wasnt sure about that do you think east asia would be worth to Put in the game?
@@deumevet that would be really cool tho i really wanna see that ^^
@@youbrah1661 afaik China for instance was pretty stable during this period. I don't know how entertaining it would actually be.
I love bois
-Drew Durnil 2019
Well crete had the first european empire (Minoans), as well as the first extensive colonisation in the Mediterranean Sea. So its not that far-fetched to have a more extensive role in a game of the ancient world
*Be Norwegian, always stuck with the south eastern part of Norway in all games*
*Cries in Norse*
They just movin-Drew Durnil. That made me think of king julien
Cathage: *Teleports behind Rome* Nihil personalem, adolescens.