Energy isn't a mechanism of incapacitation. You have to put a hole in specific vitals to quickly stop an aggressor, especially an aggressor that's drunk, drugged, psychotic and crazy, or determined to do as much harm as possible before being stopped.
You can get much tighter patterns with a standard full choke shotgun with pellets 00 or smaller than you can with a rear breaking style wad and cynder bore, plenty of videos proving this. Standard chokes work fine for pellets 00 or smaller. Don't need buckshot specific chokes and it works with all conventionally loaded brush wad/gas check style loads. What you are referring to are chokes that have wad grabbing fingers specifically defines to work with loads using shot cups, which comes from birdshot loads.
Thats good information on the 10 inch max velocity. Kind of like IIRC the 7.62x39 maxing out at about 12 inches of barrel. It is nice to know because barrels often exceed their necessary length for the cartridge used. A lot of the time due to legal reasons. I wasn't aware of the choke issue. That is good to know. What's your opinion on mini shells, buck or slugs or w/e, are they mostly a gimmick or are they viable? Or is there no point because 5 shells of standard will usually stop any situation? Thanks, keep up the videos. Would love to see some of this information demonstrated in a video. Especially the choke situation and velocity tested on chrono. Thanks.
Good stuff, personally, I'd say stay away from the mini shells. Reasons being, they're harder to find in most places for purchase, cost more then conventional 2.75 and 3 inch shells and yes, they arnt as good in my opinion as a standard or low recoil load, to top it off, most standard shotguns have reliability issues with them without an adapter. My advice, personally, would be get a standard 12 gauge that works for you and use low recoil options or standard loadings in 2.75 inch shells. I always make sure though that if I buy a shotgun or am helping someone else with one they are buyin to make sure its 3 inch chamber. Reason being, it's better to atleast have the option to shoot 3 inch shells if that's all you can come across for whatever reason. Hope this helps some, stay safe and god bless from ole Carolina.
Why I'm preparing to experiment, making 20-gauge home defense loads for my dove gun. My biggest concern is penetration thru all walls putting people outside (or in their homes) at risk as I live in the suburbs. Paul Harrell did some great work here. Personally given 15 yards maximum distance in my home, I'm pretty sure #3 buck will fill the bill, but I'm more interested in smaller, even down to BB size (.177) loads. The only factory equivalent I've found is #3 buck at over $2 per round. Well, sounds like an experiment!
Sometimes using the same ammo as local law enforcement is good for the witness stand. Better than the DA or plaintiff attorney asking why you used “human jellymaker” shells.
Never knew that about barrel length and projectile velocity, but it makes sense considering the relatively low pressure of the ammo (google is saying like a 5th of 5.56 pressure). Looking into why waterfowl guns are so long then, the answers I found said it's for more inertia on the end for a smoother swing and follow-through (but it varies from shooter to shooter, and is partially just a holdover from the black powder days when everything needed long barrels to fully burn the slower powder)
I think the content of this video is based on generalities around defensive shotgun loads specifically.... not bird hunting loads. Bird loads in my experience tend to be effected by barrel length unlike buck. Buck is far more stable when leaving the muzzle.
Hi, I've got a question, and it's not(!) meant rhetorical: If longer barrels don't give tighter patterns and don't give (significantally) more velocity: Why are hunters all over the world using "long" shotguns instead of "coachguns"?
Because they’re believed to be much easier to point and swing fluidly than something shorter when hitting aerial targets with a bead. Also because everyone learns on long bird guns which means that’s what they will shoot best regardless of format. People do best with that which they have most experience with.
A lot of it is practicality. Speaking from experience. A coach gun loaded with buck is excellent for four legged game, but the same gun loaded with birdshot is terrible on birds. Whereas a long bird gun with an interchangeable choke will effectively run both birdshot with a choke....... and buckshot with the choke removed. Why bring two guns on a trip when you could just bring one?
Another potential reason is that longer barrels are quieter. I found a chart that says a 28" barrel 12 gauge is 151 db, while an 18" barrel is 161 db (it doesn't say what kind of ammo). Given how the decibel scale works, that means the 28" barrel will sound half as loud to the human ear. And I know of several clay ranges that ban shotguns with barrels shorter than a certain length, to avoid noise complaints from the neighbors. Of course, that brings us back to the reasoning that most people will learn on a long-barreled shotgun.
@hardlylivin6602 u would definitely want to run choke , if shotgun has interchangeable chokes u need to have 1 in , i think you ment change choke to cylinder from modified
I 100% DISAGREE with you regarding pellet spread. Unless you're dealing with a hostage situation or a crowded house full of family members, you DO NOT always want a tight buckshot pattern spread. That defeats the whole purpose of using buckshot. You might as well just use a slug. If someone is worried about errant pellets hitting a family member or roommate, they probably shouldn't use a shotgun. They should use an AR-15 or a PCC instead. BTW I trained on the Mossberg 500 shotgun in the Army Corp of Engineers for breaching and CQB and I've owned a similar Maverick 88 pump shotgun for over 20 years. For someone like myself living in a house alone, I WANT a large spread of buckshot to maximize hit probability, but not TOO large where multiple pellets aren't likely to hit. But at the end of the day, especially with a slower shooting pump shotgun, you want that first shot to hit the target. If not, and they start blazing away with their semiauto pistols, you're in for a bad day as you're going to have a hard time getting a second shot off. If you've ever done sim-munition or airsoft force on force training with an airsoft pump shotgun vs. someone using an airsoft semi-auto pistol, it becomes very clear that no matter how fast you work the pump, it's never as fast as a semi-auto weapon. The person with the semi-auto always gets fire-superiority making it very hard to move from behind cover to get a second shot off. So the logic of increasing hit probability with that first shot via increased spread, is very sound logic. Now someone can use a semi-automatic shotgun, however in general, whether someone should want tighter or wider shot spread, is very much situationally dependent on how many people are living in a home or apartment and how a home is laid out. Myself I'm worried about over-penetration more which is why I typically run either #4 buckshot (which tends to also have a wider spread than 00 buckshot) or, with an OpSol adapter, I run Aguila #4/#1 buckshot minishells that have a pretty wide spread and less overpenetration than 00 buckshot. Another thing that you don't mention is that dry construction material penetration is NOT THE SAME as ballistics gel (wet material) penetration. Bullets and slugs react a whole lot differently in the two different materials. Take one of those slugs that you say don't over-penetrate and see how many layers of play wood it goes through compared to a 124 gr. 9mm JHP round, a 55 grain .223 soft-point (or FTX) round, or some #4 buckshot. I promise you that there's going to be a world of difference. Now you might say "Well then don't miss" but the reality is in real life home defense situations people miss all the time. Even the police often miss their target when engaging a suspect with pistol or rifle fire.
So, if you're looking to widen the spread - What's the maximum spread you feel you're achieving at inside-building distances? Even wide-spreading 00 loads seem to make a tight pattern inside 10-15yd which its already a long distance relative to the inside of most homes. Do you have a specific load/choke combo that gets you the spread you like? How wide of a pattern do you get at 10 yards?
@@Jim_Jimworth I don't keep any 00 buckshot loaded in my shotgun anymore. These days I'm primarily running Aguila buckshot Mini-shells which have seven #4 buckshot pellets and 4 #1 buckshot pellets. Their spread at 5 to 7 yards tends to be around 8", which for me is ideal spread for home defense. It's not a crazy large spread but it's large enough that if you aim isn't perfect, you're still likely to get a few of the pellets on target. However if you get a solid center chest hit, you are all but guaranteed that some of those pellets are going to hit vital organs and drop the target.
@@wigon How deep into ballistic gel does a mini-shell penetrate, and at what muzzle velocity? My assumption, without data yet, would be that the velocity and thus gel penetration would be much lower than regular 2-3/4” 00 loads.
@@Jim_Jimworth Lucky Gunner does a good overview of how deep various brands of minishells penetrate. In the Aguila shells, the #4 buckshot penetrates between 8 to 10" however the #1 buckshot in the shell penetrates between 11 1/2 to 13". As long as the #4 pellets don't hit bone they'll likely do the job while the #1 pellets almost certainly will. All that being said, full power 2 3/4" #4 buckshot will certainly do the job if mini-shells aren't an option. They also spread more than 00 buckshot and don't over-penetrate. Most of those rounds tend to penetrate well past 12" due to their higher velocity. They just kick like a mule. I chose minishells because of the lower recoil (easier follow-up shots) and higher magazine capacity which is almost doubled from standard size shells.
I don't really understand why someone would use a choke on a home defense shotgun. I would prefer if my shotgun patterns 6-12" instead of all the pellets going through the same hole like a slug. Obviously you don't want a shotgun that pattern 3 feet at 20 yards, but thats very rare TBH. I personally reload my own full power 2" 16pellet #1 buckshot so i get full power, but also added capacity compared to full size 2.75"&3". It patterns around 12" at 25yards. Absolutely perfect.
Tube full, bolt closed, one on lifter is fine for the 1301 and similar autos. Some will try and stage a full tube and a partially open action on pumps to get an extra shell in the gun while avoiding drop dangers. It ends up binding the action enough of the time for me to call it a no go.
You should be using completely unslit wads/monolithic cushioned shot cups with your mentality... lead BB - F or T buck is devastating with this method. Also, take a look at what steel ball bearings/slingshot ammo can do against vehicles, not to mention tungsten... this is very easily done with shot cups to protect the barrel. Also, a two petal half length conventional slit holds a tighter pattern than rear breaking petal designs.
A 1 oz 1600 fps foster slug is the most devastating thing you can get shot with ... regardless of magical FBI pen numbers. All than energy will blow a bad arm right off.
@markchambers2812 Go getcha some flite control and have yourself a good time. Personally I wanna try the Hornady #4 buck with the Versatite wad to see how it works.
@@lordhellfire153 I have one shotgun that shoots good with federal flite control, but on not as well. Personally, I think all shotguns shoot & pattern differently.
Soft lead foster slugs can be fired safely through a full choke shotgun. Unlike hard cast Brenneke or Federal truball which can not squreeze bore. Even Hexolit steel slugs (which work even better on vehicles) can be fired through a standard full choke due to the soft plastic jacket. Again, conventionally loaded gas check/brush wad 12 gauge 00 loads pattern FAR tighter in a standard factory full choke than any rear breaking flitecotrol or versatite wad in a open bore, and pure lead hollowpoint slugs do FAR more damage than hard cast that does not deform. As someone who presents themselves as a paid professional you really need to educate yourself before correcting people...
0:08 - Yeah, but a rifled barrel will spread it out a bit. :) 1:26 - Who the heck tries to choke #00? Never seen anyone do that. 3:47 - Correct me if I'm wrong, but Mossbergs don't use a free-floating firing pin. Theirs's use a spring. Unless I'm completely off the mark.
lucky gunner tested this. Like he said high quality buckshot doesnt not benefit as much from chokes while cheap buck does. Ive personally got a shotgun loaded with 8 pellet fiocci defense buckshot (no special wad like filtecontrol) and a full choke. heres lucky gunner's testing if you're interested watch?v=3LeIjpdofeQ
Good stuff like Federal flight control will get worse with a choke but bargain basement 00 can/ will tighten up with the right choke.... It has been tested.
How dare you! What you said IS NOT OK! Take your privilege somewhere else! I believe in science! Love is love! Stay home stay safe! Women’s rights are human rights! Climate change is real!
Unfortunately for your feelings he is spitting mostly straight facts. A few pieces in here are generalizations and are correct in most scenarios. But all solid info for most cases.
put it on paper, pattern your shotgun and know how the load you are using works.
Nice discussion of some shotgun issues and misconceptions.
Just get good quality ammo. I'm glad someone else is saying this. P.S. what is your opinion on flechet rounds.
Flechettes are gimmick, dont work.
Use proper plated buffered tight low recoil no. 1 or 00 buck.
There are no substitutes.
@@titanscerwthis^
Great information as always. Thanks Rhett
Energy isn't a mechanism of incapacitation. You have to put a hole in specific vitals to quickly stop an aggressor, especially an aggressor that's drunk, drugged, psychotic and crazy, or determined to do as much harm as possible before being stopped.
Sure, guns aren’t pulse cannons. That doesn’t mean that energy is some kind irrelevant stat.
@@Hornet135 Energy is irrelevant in the context of a physiological mechanism that compels an aggressor to involuntarily stop.
You can get much tighter patterns with a standard full choke shotgun with pellets 00 or smaller than you can with a rear breaking style wad and cynder bore, plenty of videos proving this. Standard chokes work fine for pellets 00 or smaller. Don't need buckshot specific chokes and it works with all conventionally loaded brush wad/gas check style loads. What you are referring to are chokes that have wad grabbing fingers specifically defines to work with loads using shot cups, which comes from birdshot loads.
Preach it, brother Rhett!
Fantastic info
Thats good information on the 10 inch max velocity. Kind of like IIRC the 7.62x39 maxing out at about 12 inches of barrel. It is nice to know because barrels often exceed their necessary length for the cartridge used. A lot of the time due to legal reasons. I wasn't aware of the choke issue. That is good to know. What's your opinion on mini shells, buck or slugs or w/e, are they mostly a gimmick or are they viable? Or is there no point because 5 shells of standard will usually stop any situation? Thanks, keep up the videos. Would love to see some of this information demonstrated in a video. Especially the choke situation and velocity tested on chrono. Thanks.
Good stuff, personally, I'd say stay away from the mini shells. Reasons being, they're harder to find in most places for purchase, cost more then conventional 2.75 and 3 inch shells and yes, they arnt as good in my opinion as a standard or low recoil load, to top it off, most standard shotguns have reliability issues with them without an adapter. My advice, personally, would be get a standard 12 gauge that works for you and use low recoil options or standard loadings in 2.75 inch shells. I always make sure though that if I buy a shotgun or am helping someone else with one they are buyin to make sure its 3 inch chamber. Reason being, it's better to atleast have the option to shoot 3 inch shells if that's all you can come across for whatever reason. Hope this helps some, stay safe and god bless from ole Carolina.
@@tylertapp131 Great, info, most helpful comment I have ever got. Thank you.
@@cokedaz glad it helped brotha, stay safe out there and god bless from ole Carolina 🤙💪
I forget where but there is actually a slide presentation online that goes over velocity differences
Why I'm preparing to experiment, making 20-gauge home defense loads for my dove gun. My biggest concern is penetration thru all walls putting people outside (or in their homes) at risk as I live in the suburbs. Paul Harrell did some great work here. Personally given 15 yards maximum distance in my home, I'm pretty sure #3 buck will fill the bill, but I'm more interested in smaller, even down to BB size (.177) loads. The only factory equivalent I've found is #3 buck at over $2 per round. Well, sounds like an experiment!
Sometimes using the same ammo as local law enforcement is good for the witness stand. Better than the DA or plaintiff attorney asking why you used “human jellymaker” shells.
Very concise. No disagreement.
He's wrong
Never knew that about barrel length and projectile velocity, but it makes sense considering the relatively low pressure of the ammo (google is saying like a 5th of 5.56 pressure).
Looking into why waterfowl guns are so long then, the answers I found said it's for more inertia on the end for a smoother swing and follow-through (but it varies from shooter to shooter, and is partially just a holdover from the black powder days when everything needed long barrels to fully burn the slower powder)
I think the content of this video is based on generalities around defensive shotgun loads specifically.... not bird hunting loads. Bird loads in my experience tend to be effected by barrel length unlike buck. Buck is far more stable when leaving the muzzle.
Hi, I've got a question, and it's not(!) meant rhetorical:
If longer barrels don't give tighter patterns and don't give (significantally) more velocity: Why are hunters all over the world using "long" shotguns instead of "coachguns"?
Because they’re believed to be much easier to point and swing fluidly than something shorter when hitting aerial targets with a bead.
Also because everyone learns on long bird guns which means that’s what they will shoot best regardless of format. People do best with that which they have most experience with.
A lot of it is practicality. Speaking from experience. A coach gun loaded with buck is excellent for four legged game, but the same gun loaded with birdshot is terrible on birds. Whereas a long bird gun with an interchangeable choke will effectively run both birdshot with a choke....... and buckshot with the choke removed.
Why bring two guns on a trip when you could just bring one?
Another potential reason is that longer barrels are quieter. I found a chart that says a 28" barrel 12 gauge is 151 db, while an 18" barrel is 161 db (it doesn't say what kind of ammo). Given how the decibel scale works, that means the 28" barrel will sound half as loud to the human ear. And I know of several clay ranges that ban shotguns with barrels shorter than a certain length, to avoid noise complaints from the neighbors. Of course, that brings us back to the reasoning that most people will learn on a long-barreled shotgun.
Thank you!
@hardlylivin6602 u would definitely want to run choke , if shotgun has interchangeable chokes u need to have 1 in , i think you ment change choke to cylinder from modified
Unrelated question, what did you change in your life to dial your physique lately?
2 years of daily lifting for mass. Before that most of my lifts were less frequent and strictly for power.
I 100% DISAGREE with you regarding pellet spread. Unless you're dealing with a hostage situation or a crowded house full of family members, you DO NOT always want a tight buckshot pattern spread. That defeats the whole purpose of using buckshot. You might as well just use a slug. If someone is worried about errant pellets hitting a family member or roommate, they probably shouldn't use a shotgun. They should use an AR-15 or a PCC instead. BTW I trained on the Mossberg 500 shotgun in the Army Corp of Engineers for breaching and CQB and I've owned a similar Maverick 88 pump shotgun for over 20 years. For someone like myself living in a house alone, I WANT a large spread of buckshot to maximize hit probability, but not TOO large where multiple pellets aren't likely to hit.
But at the end of the day, especially with a slower shooting pump shotgun, you want that first shot to hit the target. If not, and they start blazing away with their semiauto pistols, you're in for a bad day as you're going to have a hard time getting a second shot off. If you've ever done sim-munition or airsoft force on force training with an airsoft pump shotgun vs. someone using an airsoft semi-auto pistol, it becomes very clear that no matter how fast you work the pump, it's never as fast as a semi-auto weapon. The person with the semi-auto always gets fire-superiority making it very hard to move from behind cover to get a second shot off. So the logic of increasing hit probability with that first shot via increased spread, is very sound logic.
Now someone can use a semi-automatic shotgun, however in general, whether someone should want tighter or wider shot spread, is very much situationally dependent on how many people are living in a home or apartment and how a home is laid out. Myself I'm worried about over-penetration more which is why I typically run either #4 buckshot (which tends to also have a wider spread than 00 buckshot) or, with an OpSol adapter, I run Aguila #4/#1 buckshot minishells that have a pretty wide spread and less overpenetration than 00 buckshot.
Another thing that you don't mention is that dry construction material penetration is NOT THE SAME as ballistics gel (wet material) penetration. Bullets and slugs react a whole lot differently in the two different materials. Take one of those slugs that you say don't over-penetrate and see how many layers of play wood it goes through compared to a 124 gr. 9mm JHP round, a 55 grain .223 soft-point (or FTX) round, or some #4 buckshot. I promise you that there's going to be a world of difference. Now you might say "Well then don't miss" but the reality is in real life home defense situations people miss all the time. Even the police often miss their target when engaging a suspect with pistol or rifle fire.
So, if you're looking to widen the spread - What's the maximum spread you feel you're achieving at inside-building distances? Even wide-spreading 00 loads seem to make a tight pattern inside 10-15yd which its already a long distance relative to the inside of most homes. Do you have a specific load/choke combo that gets you the spread you like? How wide of a pattern do you get at 10 yards?
@@Jim_Jimworth I don't keep any 00 buckshot loaded in my shotgun anymore. These days I'm primarily running Aguila buckshot Mini-shells which have seven #4 buckshot pellets and 4 #1 buckshot pellets. Their spread at 5 to 7 yards tends to be around 8", which for me is ideal spread for home defense. It's not a crazy large spread but it's large enough that if you aim isn't perfect, you're still likely to get a few of the pellets on target. However if you get a solid center chest hit, you are all but guaranteed that some of those pellets are going to hit vital organs and drop the target.
@@wigon How deep into ballistic gel does a mini-shell penetrate, and at what muzzle velocity? My assumption, without data yet, would be that the velocity and thus gel penetration would be much lower than regular 2-3/4” 00 loads.
@@Jim_Jimworth Lucky Gunner does a good overview of how deep various brands of minishells penetrate. In the Aguila shells, the #4 buckshot penetrates between 8 to 10" however the #1 buckshot in the shell penetrates between 11 1/2 to 13". As long as the #4 pellets don't hit bone they'll likely do the job while the #1 pellets almost certainly will.
All that being said, full power 2 3/4" #4 buckshot will certainly do the job if mini-shells aren't an option. They also spread more than 00 buckshot and don't over-penetrate. Most of those rounds tend to penetrate well past 12" due to their higher velocity. They just kick like a mule.
I chose minishells because of the lower recoil (easier follow-up shots) and higher magazine capacity which is almost doubled from standard size shells.
I like the 410 Winchester defender or else aguila short shells for more rounds.
I don't really understand why someone would use a choke on a home defense shotgun. I would prefer if my shotgun patterns 6-12" instead of all the pellets going through the same hole like a slug. Obviously you don't want a shotgun that pattern 3 feet at 20 yards, but thats very rare TBH.
I personally reload my own full power 2" 16pellet #1 buckshot so i get full power, but also added capacity compared to full size 2.75"&3". It patterns around 12" at 25yards. Absolutely perfect.
Someone has been pumping iron 👍
Why no round/shell on the lifter? Asking for 1301 specifically
Tube full, bolt closed, one on lifter is fine for the 1301 and similar autos.
Some will try and stage a full tube and a partially open action on pumps to get an extra shell in the gun while avoiding drop dangers. It ends up binding the action enough of the time for me to call it a no go.
You should be using completely unslit wads/monolithic cushioned shot cups with your mentality... lead BB - F or T buck is devastating with this method. Also, take a look at what steel ball bearings/slingshot ammo can do against vehicles, not to mention tungsten... this is very easily done with shot cups to protect the barrel. Also, a two petal half length conventional slit holds a tighter pattern than rear breaking petal designs.
What's up with the vertical video
Thank you for schooling us
A 1 oz 1600 fps foster slug is the most devastating thing you can get shot with ... regardless of magical FBI pen numbers. All than energy will blow a bad arm right off.
The goat
When did bro get yoked
Thanks! It’s just a filter 😂
What’s the best buckshot & slugs. ?? Thank you
Federal Flite Control
@@lordhellfire153 I have mostly turkey loads & 4 0 buck , federal slugs
@markchambers2812 Go getcha some flite control and have yourself a good time.
Personally I wanna try the Hornady #4 buck with the Versatite wad to see how it works.
1600 fps Foster hollowpoint and 24 pellet #2 buckshot.
@@lordhellfire153 I have one shotgun that shoots good with federal flite control, but on not as well.
Personally, I think all shotguns shoot & pattern differently.
good points
Soft lead foster slugs can be fired safely through a full choke shotgun. Unlike hard cast Brenneke or Federal truball which can not squreeze bore. Even Hexolit steel slugs (which work even better on vehicles) can be fired through a standard full choke due to the soft plastic jacket. Again, conventionally loaded gas check/brush wad 12 gauge 00 loads pattern FAR tighter in a standard factory full choke than any rear breaking flitecotrol or versatite wad in a open bore, and pure lead hollowpoint slugs do FAR more damage than hard cast that does not deform. As someone who presents themselves as a paid professional you really need to educate yourself before correcting people...
More stopping power 12ga? That’s literally overkill 😅
0:08 - Yeah, but a rifled barrel will spread it out a bit. :)
1:26 - Who the heck tries to choke #00? Never seen anyone do that.
3:47 - Correct me if I'm wrong, but Mossbergs don't use a free-floating firing pin. Theirs's use a spring. Unless I'm completely off the mark.
Even if the spring keeps inertia from jamming the pin into the primer, the sear still has a tendency to let loose when the gun is dropped
The amount of comments telling me to ‘just use a choke’ to tighten up my buckshot patterns was much of the motivation for this video.
lucky gunner tested this. Like he said high quality buckshot doesnt not benefit as much from chokes while cheap buck does. Ive personally got a shotgun loaded with 8 pellet fiocci defense buckshot (no special wad like filtecontrol) and a full choke.
heres lucky gunner's testing if you're interested
watch?v=3LeIjpdofeQ
Good stuff like Federal flight control will get worse with a choke but bargain basement 00 can/ will tighten up with the right choke.... It has been tested.
@@blantant flitecontrol specifically gets worse because the choke messes with the special wad thats designed to keep the pattern tighter.
So basically, 3.5" 00 out of a 28" barrel, with a turkey choke is the best set-up for home defense?? Got it!🤣
Only if you come out with your turkey suit on but just the top part full Winnie the Pooh
😂
🎯
This day and age we should be focusing on offense
Looking yoked
Thanks!
This man has such a "full of himself" demeanor.
How dare you! What you said IS NOT OK! Take your privilege somewhere else! I believe in science! Love is love! Stay home stay safe! Women’s rights are human rights! Climate change is real!
Unfortunately for your feelings he is spitting mostly straight facts. A few pieces in here are generalizations and are correct in most scenarios. But all solid info for most cases.
@@willbibbee338 I did not make an emotional statement, i made a factual statement.
He ain't wrong, though
@@hijackbyejack1729 your statement is an opinion. Which is fact only to you.