Why wheels appear to move backwards
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- Опубликовано: 8 сен 2024
- I little bit of insight into why it appears that wheels move backwards at high speeds. This is also known as the wagon wheel effect and it is a product of the limitations of the human brain. We can only take snapshots of the world around us at a particular speed. Our brain tries to piece together these snapshots to make them make sense and that can lead to some odd illusions.
Comment below any other tech/science related topics you'd like me to explain
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I am dead serious when I say this was the best, simplest, and most tangible explanation of this phenomenon that I have ever heard. Well done sir you explained this fantastically. Short and to the point
You have that gift of clarity of explanation. Thank you!
No, it's not. This effect is caused by the camera frequency for a film/video camera, you will normally not experience the effect in real life.
You might experience the power frequency of electrical light.
@@thorbjrnhellehaven5766i have definetley experienced this looking at cars kn teh highway in real life
Best explanation of this phenomenon
No, it's not. This effect is caused by the camera frequency for a film/video camera, you will normally not experience the effect in real life.
You might experience the power frequency of electrical light.
@@thorbjrnhellehaven5766 actually you can experience this effect in real life by your own eyes 👀
Just go to drive on the nearest highway and look at the wheels of the cars that is going fast, you will see it. I have done it.
Or if you like you can by a wheel and do the experiment in this video by your self and see the phenomenon to convince your self.
@@user-pz7ys3mf8u there are some experiments where they report a Wagon-wheel_effect in continous light. However they have been explained by some external force causing the eyeballs to vibrate at a frequency. Some experiments show i was possible to stop and reverse the rotation by humming at different frequencies. It is also believed that vibrations from a traveling vehicle can have the same effect, if you blink you eyes fast, you can get an effect. I have not seen any peer reviewed research the concluded the Wagon-wheel_effect can be caused by the human visual perception, operating at a frequency,
@@thorbjrnhellehaven5766i can see it on my ceiling fan or any fan actually, i can actually trick my brain into making it seem like its going forwards and then change it to make it seem like its going backwards
Looking thru your videos and I didn't expect to get a physics explanation lool
haha yea most people dont know I have a Master's Degree in Electrical/Computer Engineering
@@MattyMacNJ that's amazing, I want to get my masters in computer science. How were you able to stay on track an keep your grades good?
Ok now I can die in peace.😅
don't die before learning why Rolls Royce center wheel logo stays always static and never rotates 😋
Holy sh**! I have a graduate degree in Engineering and specialized in Signal Processing (the field where this phenomenon and related concepts are studied) and this is to date the best explanation of frequency aliasing I have seen.
hheeeeyyyyy awesome! happy this helped
I am trying to innerstand this phenomena and I looked at several videos; they all made it even more complicated. Yours did the opposite: simple, concise. I know what happens now. Thank you for being a good teacher.
Happy to help!!
wow,you explain so well,using the simplest illustrations
My son and I have watched so many videos about this and this is by FAR the best explanation and easiest to comprehend.
DIDN'T KNOW DANIEL RICCIARDO TEACHES TECH
You made this very simple to understand without any complex video demonstrations, thanks for the explanation buddy!!
Awesome explanation, I’ve been watching a lot of f1 recently and was wondering what the effect was that would make the wheels suddenly seem to start spinning backwards! Thanks for explaining it so clearly 😊
Sure thing! When you're watching on TV you also have to factor in that the camera can only capture so many frames per second as well but the explanation is the same.
@@MattyMacNJ if you experience this in real life, it is probably caused by the power frequency of electrical light. In a video or movie it is caused by the framrate.
You will never experience this in sunlight. Or other lights without flickering.
I always wondered why this happened in fidget spinners. Thank you Matty!
best explanation of the wagon wheel effect, i finally understand it. thanks for the explanation.😁
Nyc 1 Bro..........
I was searching for it from long time
25 years ago, my father got a speeding ticket because, the illusion works to a certain speed, then the wheels will look to spin forwards but if you go even faster they look to spin backwards again. My dad and I have tried it to see if it was just BS and it's actually true although I forget the speeds.
theoretically this would work but depending on size of wheel/tire the speed will vary. Larger wheel or tire will spin slower while smaller wheels or tire spin slower while both vehicles are moving the same speed
Wow. Firstly this blew my mind and I also learned something I did not know about lights. I've always wondered why sometimes I see lights just barely flickering n it drives me nuts
Bro that was the best explanation I have heard so far .
Just watching your video in 2023 and still very relevant !
great video. no idea why this only has 38k views
This was the best bro, like you solved my problem.
Beautiful explaintion ...❤️❤️ So lucid ..And perfect
when the light bulb is bright enough it's hard to tell but we can definitely sample fast enough to see even a single frame of difference at 60hz! It is a bit subjective though I think, some people say it's more or less noticeable and your ability to see or react to small things like that can get worse as you age as well.
You have explained the problem so I can understand how this can happen..
That's always why a spinning wheel basically always look the same when it does this. it does this cycle you explained once everytime it seems to stop moving and start moving again.
Thank you so much for sharing! Regards from the Republic of Panama.
I’m a bit confused about the lightbulb. You showed an LED lightbulb but don’t these use DC? I thought only candescent lightbulbs do the AC flickering. Would appreciate if someone can clarify!
This is a great video. Very well done, sir. All the dislikes are science teachers who can't explain this to their students in any way that actually makes sense.
haha thanks james!
LOL - best explantion of the effect ever :-)
Literally the best explanation
thanks bro . that was really east to understant
Brilliantly expalined! Thank you (animation student)
Underrated explanation 👏👏👏
Great video!
Now that is how you explain temporal aliasing!
I love this
Yes ..wow the explaination was really amazing .
At 0:30 yes, it is about the frequenzy, but not the human eye, it is about the framerate of the camera,
Nice video.
holy shit dude, your so articulate.
You're so cool man... Let's ge t you to 500k subs bro!
Salute to this man..... 👏🏼
The light bulb explanation 🤯🔥
I read once an explanations says that may be because the all tyre motion is forward but the upper half is moving forward while the lower half actually moving backward that at some point making the confusion
Yea I'm not sure how the upper half and bottom half could be moving in different directions though. This is the correct explanation
I do see LED bulbs flickering and it drives me absolutely crazy. And the worst part is people have no idea what I’m talking about
Thank you so much
This video is so underrated
Very well explained 👍🏼. Goodjob buddy.
Thank you sir
thank you!!
very cool
Totally cool and understandable.
Great video brother. Explained well and well spoken man. I’m subbing!
Thank you, i've been habing this question for so long
Awesome video thanks
Yup no problem!!
Amazing
How do I increase the frame/refresh rate of my brain? What graphics card do you use?
haha i do not believe there is any science to back what I'm about to say and in some state's it is completely illegal so I am not suggesting that you do it BUT some folks believe that Psilocybin mushrooms can increase the sampling frequency of the brain for a period of time. That is why the time seems to dilate when you ingest them. More brain processes per second makes the time seem slower. You're also able to process colors and other visuals differently
@@MattyMacNJ experience the world in 4K quality! Lol
Thank you so much bro! This is my 3rd video trying to understand it and you nailed it 👍
sure thing! happy to help
That was cool thanks
Thanks!! This was a great explanation!
No it's not, it's wrong
@@thorbjrnhellehaven5766 bru
@@sauskar3308 your eyes and brain does not take "snapshot" at a given frequency, the reason has nothing to do with a frequency of human vision.
You can see it in movies/videos, where it is related to picture frequency (aka. frame rate, usually 12, 24, 25, 29.97, 50 or 60 depending on system).
You can see it in artificial light with AC power source, where it is related to flickering frequency (usually 2× grid frequency, 2×50 or 2×60, depending on country)
@@thorbjrnhellehaven5766 i replied because i saw you replying to every single comment on this video
kinda cringe
@@sauskar3308 yes I replied to a few, because I think it's bad when people believe they learned something useful but it is wrong.
Then I realize almost every single comment was that they learned something, and thaught it was a great explanation. And decided I had to stop.
What really annoyed me is that all the parts about picture frequency and forward or backwards is so close to reality that it makes sense, except the reason for that frequency has nothing to do with visual perception, but framerate of a video/movie, or flicker frequency of lights.
I love when people learn and understand stuff.
I don't like when people believe they understand stuff, but they don't, especially when they make others believe the same misunderstanding.
It's called the stroboscopic effect
Cool bro
I think your content is about Music
Not interested honestly
But if you're interested in as you said tech and physics and stuff
Then i hope you make more videos about it
Your explanation is actually good and fast
Maybe if you focused on this content you may make great explanation videos
Yea I have a Master's in Electrical and Computer engineering. I'm working on an intro course for electronics and coding and all future videos will be geared towards this, on a separate channel of course. Included in that will be a program you can run to test your own brain with an LED blinking. For me I can only see it blink up to about 45 hz then it seems solid. I'm interested to see how that changes from person to person
WOW THANKS!!!!!!!!!!! You are the man
Okay there Dr. P lol. Someone misses DSP.
Pahaha actually been doing a lot of dsp trying to make a custom loop pedal
I want to know at what speed the wheel looks like its not moving at all and does it have an equation?
I just saw a car out here backwheeling. I had to search this right away
Great video for explaining the basic affects of strobing however UTTERLY WRONG in suggesting the human eye can function as a strobe - that requires either a film camera or some sort of Alternating Current artificial light (If you blink really fast when looking at something lit with natural or artificial light you can re-create some type of strobing with the naked eye). Eg look at the wheels of a passing car on a lit stretch of freeway at night or film it in the day - both can work but not a "live" view with a MK1 eyeball in natural daylight (Unless the shadows of some passing railings or trees are introducing the strobe effect required)
The idea of the human brain having a sampling frequency can be proven with a simple experiment . Under the influence of psilocybin, colors behave differently because if the sampling frequency of the brain increases then the Nyquist frequency is raised which means the max frequency that we can see is raised. We are able to see higher color frequencies than normal which we describe as "tripping". This is my own theory I doubt you'll find any peer reviewed journals of it but it matches the Digital Signal Processing laws found with audio that is how I made the connection. I haven't even thought about the Nyquist frequency in about 7 years so some of my terminology in this elementary explanation may be off but look into Nyquist sampling frequency and how it effects the max frequency that can be observed.
@@MattyMacNJ That is so "off piste"! and shows a fundamental misunderstanding of the effects of psychotropic drugs on the human brain. I don't mean to be rude but I strongly suggest that if you wish to understand more completely how "eyesight" and the "creation of reality" by human mental processes actually works. I suggest you read more widely (much more widely) within this field - peer reviewed research of course! PS you may be confusing "sampling frequency" with the shortest duration an image has to be present for the brain to recognise it - these are two entirely different things. the former doesn't exist and the latter (bar some agreed values) is widely debated within the scientific community. 🙂
@@alexmonroe613 if there is a certain length of time that an image has to be present for the brain to recognize it then that means there are only a certain number of images that we can recognize per second. We can only take so many samples per second. Your other comment suggests that maybe it is 16 hz, which is the frequency at which we can process individual frames of data. I don't see how this isn't the definition of a sampling frequency.
@@MattyMacNJ You need to re-read my comments! Ok I'll bite - In the hopes of finally convincing you that you are conflagrating different things. I trust we are agreed that a movie filmed at 20 - 24 fps is perceived by humans as "motion"? this means that we are unable to process this as a series of stills - with me so far? However if you were say looking at a steady image (or a moving image - but lets keep this simple for now so we will go for the example of a steady image) then another image was present for a short duration of time say in this example a 24th of a second (equivalent to one frame in a movie) can a human perceive/notice/interpret/identify the brief alternative image? Lets for the moment say "yes" although much research has shown that at least three frames are needed (1/8th second) in order to get widespread perception.. This does NOT mean that we could process 24 different images every second (or even 8 for that matter) Human perception and the processes involved are complex and involve recognition of "learnt realities" there is no "frame rate" of the human eye it feeds a continuous set of signals to the brain. There is no "frame rate" to the brain - it interprets these signals into things we have learnt to recognise. the question of how briefly you show a person an image and whether or not they recognise it has nothing to do with any kind of set "frame rate" and far more to do with cognition, recognition and filters such as "is it important" "is it a threat" "does the image stimulate a pleasure receptor" and many many more. For instance when you look from one place to another the eye feeds the entire "pan" to the brain and the brain disregards it as information overload. However if halfway across that pan there was an angry tiger/naked person/something totally out of the ordinary the brain may well register it as something of importance that "catches your eye" . As I said originally, humans do not create their own "strobe" your four primary options to enjoy such effects are to use a camera, use artificial light powered by ac (this can include things such as switched mode power supplies driving LED's etc), blink really quickly or wave your hand in front of your face whilst looking through your fingers! I hope the above missive helps improve your understanding or at least encourages you to do your own research into human cognition. 🙂
@@alexmonroe613 okay okay now I think I see what's happening. I think we're splitting hairs on semantics and how literally I mean sampling rate. I just don't now what other term to use to describe your last comment. You're saying the actual signal from eyes to brain is continuous (which I agree with) but it takes us 3 frames to notice the difference. What would you call the length of time (1/8th of a second) that it would take me to perceive a change? I'm describing that as my sampling rate to the outside world. Every "sample" of the continuous reality happens when I actually perceive and notice it regardless of how out of order my brain actually "redraws the pixels" and presents them to me (not accurate either but I only know technology terms here) That rate is not constant across all light frequencies, situations, or people but how do you button that up into one term. Time to perceive? Time to process? rate of perception? frequency of perceived change? I think I get it now though, I was talking within the context of my perceived reality as the software (my consciousness) talking to the hardware (my eyes brain body). You're describing that the hardware does not actually work that way and I can see how literal sampling rate of the eyes/brain is inaccurate.
I vuess its same as if we see the fast moving river beneath the bridge and it feels like we are moving and the river stays still.
thanks man
That's trippy
Why does it only happen on video then? I've never seen it when looking at a wheel in real life but only when watching a video?
You express yourselves well. I envy you.
This is outsatning 🔥🔥🔥
When i read about ths phenomenon first time and realized the important part of the "Hz" or "samples" i still did not understand what about the same effect during daytime? The Sun doesn't have a "frequency" what our mind can handle. Then, later i have learned because our mind is still takes "snapshots" so that is why. But it was a long time paradox for me (before the internet era of course).
So our brain takes screenshots 😅
Cool
Following this logic and considering that not all humans have the same eyes... Would that mean that we perceive this effect differently? Could two persons look at the same spinning wheel and could person1 see the dot standing still while person 2 sees it slowly moving?
Yup you nailed it, and I would even say that it is probably more rare that two people see the same wheel the exact same way, most people would see it a little bit differently. Now, I'm not sure how drastic the difference is or if we'd ever be able to test that.
Do we see the world in images or snapshots
That was cool...
Best experience 👌😍😍😍😍👌
Oh yeah
You remind me of matthew mcconaughey in the wolf of wall street lunch scene. maybe that’s why your name is matty mac
I'm doing well thanks.
Why do we use 3 point seatbelts instead of 4, 5 or 6 point seatbelts? Which is safest? What is the science behind it?
Hey Darren, I'll see what I can find on seatbelts but that's not really my area of expertise. Any other questions regarding technology or the way the brain works?
Thank ya!
Pretty awesome dude, how'd you find out about that.
I was actually searching for illusions on moving backwards loops for an art piece I'm working on an stumbled across this.
A wheel as to light is not even fast. Our brains as great as we are is as surprising we are too. God truly is the In in genius
I had an advanced digital signals processing course in grad school and my professor described it this way. He used more math and jargon but this is the basic principle
@@MattyMacNJ very interesting subject. Sounds like it would have been a cool course. I always find it amazing the way God made life both technical and basic but beyond comprehension. He truly is a maker of love.
You brought your point across clearly and yet very appealing. Thanks for sharing
what's the sampling frequency of our brain/eye?
There isn't really an concrete number here. I've seen 30 to 60 "frames" per second and also estimates all the way up to 1000 "frames" per second. I think it might depend on each person as well.
@@MattyMacNJ What a load of absolute tosh! Humans do not have ANY sort of "frame rate"! and... if they did anything above 20-24 fps would have prevented a movie from ever working as an optical illusion to recreate movement.
@@alexmonroe613 lights blink at 60hz per second which means our sampling rate is lower than that otherwise you would see lights blinking all the time.
@@alexmonroe613 You can do an experiment right now grab an Arduino and an LED write a script that lets you change how quickly the LED will blink and gradually increase the frequency until you stop seeing it blink. If you can't implement that then where are you getting your information or experience from
@@alexmonroe613 your TV also redraws itself at 60hz are you saying you can see it flash and redraw the pixels? If you can't, which I know you can't, then the screen redraws faster than you can see.
what's funny is it looks like it's slowing down then accelerating
How many rotations per second are needed to observe this effect?
you mean rounds per minute *(RPM)*
.. and probably alot
the human eye loses the ability to percieve fluctuations above 60hz. our vision is running at 60fps.
I'm going to release a video soon where I did a test with an LED. For me personally as the led gets to blinking at 45-46hz it starts to become solid. I'm interested to put this up and have other people try it to see how much it varies person to person
@@MattyMacNJ I think 60 may be the upper limit for humans, but much lower is enough to trick our brains. The standard for film and tv is 24 to 30 fps, and I've never noticed Breaking Bad looking like a flip book.
On a related note, cats have 100fps vision, so they do sometimes perceive a stop motion world.
What about clocks
I aways look at analog clocks and they seem to go backwards
Its a crime not to like this video
DUDE UPLOAD MORE VIDEOS !
haha i am actually thinking about doing more tech videos. I make robots so i was going to do some of that kind of stuff
Exactly what i thought of then i went to research to check if it's right
+ your brain frequency is fixed so the wheel rpm is changing
Actually deceleration
So when the car breaks we see the wheels moving backwards
This is my theory till i do more research to make sure
Note :
Not sure about the brain frequency part
As i know it's the same as camera frames
But I don't know if there is major difference that effects the "theory"
So do our brains process vision in samples like a camera's framerate? More evidence were living in a simulation 😏
thanks lord
Cooool
Time for high FPS videos and movies
Wait so we can’t actually see motion if it’s to fast interesting