Quantum mechanics as a framework. Defining linearity

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  • Опубликовано: 11 дек 2024

Комментарии • 577

  • @qbtc
    @qbtc 2 года назад +902

    What MIT has been doing for the last decade is give free access to classes that are better than what most university students in the world are paying tuition for. Granted, you don't get a degree nor the benefit of social interaction with other students and professors, but to the student who is willing to put in the time and effort, this is an unbelievable treasure.

    • @RalphDratman
      @RalphDratman 2 года назад +31

      I agree!
      At age 71 I am now auditing on RUclips, for free, the lectures on QM that I wish I could have had when I was a sophomore in college, in 1970.
      The QM lectures I tried to follow at my college then were, as I perceived them, unacceptably awful, and I simply stopped going.
      Quitting the course like that, on impulse, was foolish of me, and the resulting academic failure was entirely my fault.
      Yet the fact remains the few lectures I did attend were terrible --- and these MIT lectures are fantastic, superb.

    • @kinildsongessiopersegueiro
      @kinildsongessiopersegueiro Год назад +6

      Indeed.
      Stanford does that too.

    • @John-ub9dl
      @John-ub9dl Год назад +5

      Best content on the internet.

    • @Chayapathy_S
      @Chayapathy_S Год назад

    • @keepsecret7624
      @keepsecret7624 Год назад +3

      In Germany Uni education is free. A lot of RUclips material is bad, but this is not one of those cases!

  • @jackyfelder2563
    @jackyfelder2563 4 года назад +510

    I'm 69 yrs old, had calculus based physics in college when I was about 37. i barely passed but loved it. I want to learn more.

    • @3zombie81
      @3zombie81 4 года назад +5

      are you an engineer? Did you take statics I'm struggling with it..

    • @en-jw1bx
      @en-jw1bx 3 года назад +17

      you are doing a great job! this comment made me happy!

    • @anonymousguy9263
      @anonymousguy9263 3 года назад +3

      @@3zombie81 I think statics is easy dude..

    • @Yash-wm1nj
      @Yash-wm1nj 3 года назад +4

      Nice

    • @منوبيالفلسطي
      @منوبيالفلسطي 3 года назад +2

      I invite you to read about Islam , I'm an energy engineer..and love physics, I studied Islam and found it the unique religion that's based on proofs and evidences..,I highly recommend you honestly from the bottom of my heart.
      all of us will die someday..plz read about it to see the truth for yourself..

  • @nelsonmichaelvillegasjuro4362
    @nelsonmichaelvillegasjuro4362 5 лет назад +108

    I feel very proud because Dr. Barton is from my FIEE faculty at UNI in Lima, Peru.

    • @phantom2.065
      @phantom2.065 8 месяцев назад +4

      Hay Internet en Perú?

    • @nichokind5233
      @nichokind5233 8 месяцев назад +6

      @@phantom2.065ERES CHILENO?

    • @legere9779
      @legere9779 7 месяцев назад

      @@nichokind5233 más allá de su nacionalidad, debe tratarse de un completo retrasado.

    • @alfa-jorcito
      @alfa-jorcito 4 месяца назад

      @@phantom2.065 xddd no opines subdesarrollado

    • @elwaza888
      @elwaza888 2 месяца назад

      ​@@phantom2.065estas viendo un video de un Peruano egresado de una universidad peruana que dicta clases en MIT

  • @Trey-x6f
    @Trey-x6f 3 месяца назад +32

    I am 15 years old and I am watching this for free, we are blessed to be in this age of information.

    • @ricksmith1382
      @ricksmith1382 2 месяца назад

      Not sure about the blessed part, but with our increase knowledge of science and technology, videos such as this one are accessible to everyone. Enjoy!

    • @hightempest
      @hightempest 2 месяца назад +1

      Fr dude I’m 16 able to try and comprehend these advanced terms well in advance to when I’ll need them mastered. This age is truly revolutionary

    • @vanshagarwalVIII-Arollno48
      @vanshagarwalVIII-Arollno48 2 месяца назад +2

      Im also 15 years old

    • @3x3gaming93
      @3x3gaming93 2 месяца назад +2

      I am also 15 dude amazing

    • @AnaSofiaRivasCruz
      @AnaSofiaRivasCruz Месяц назад +3

      I am 14. Truly amazing!

  • @jco6345
    @jco6345 5 лет назад +135

    I'm french, and it's so easy to understand him because he speaks slowly. Very good job also !! Thanks so much

    • @cuteworld1637
      @cuteworld1637 4 года назад +6

      Bonjour, we are jealous of you!

    • @inspirex1831
      @inspirex1831 4 года назад +2

      Bonjour , je habite a india . Comment cava ???I learnt french in school

    • @Quaresalas
      @Quaresalas 3 года назад +4

      Pardon me, but I really like his accent, it is so magical like a magician in Hogwarts, and I can't stop extending my fond to quantum physics because of him, his charming accent and slow speaking speed ❤️❤️❤️

    • @biblof2210
      @biblof2210 9 месяцев назад

      ​@@inspirex1831hii I just saw your comment and want to have a update on your french vocabulary. Did you improve ? And if yes how much ?

  • @0-To-100
    @0-To-100 7 лет назад +123

    Wow, what a precious opportunity to have this education. thank you MIT OCW for making this possible for everyone!!!!

  • @rogermarceloramirezramirez6120
    @rogermarceloramirezramirez6120 Год назад +26

    Siempre una pequeña emoción de ver a un peruano triunfando en el extranjero y mejor si es de mi univ , de mi humilde UNI
    Tendré un susti en 2 días , te dedido mi próximo 20 querido Barton :")

  • @Physicslover1729
    @Physicslover1729 2 года назад +25

    These professors of MIT OCW are amazing .
    I understood all the concepts very easily.
    The way teach is awesome.

  • @mikethelegendarygamer4581
    @mikethelegendarygamer4581 7 лет назад +608

    I like learning at M.I.T at the comfort of my home!

    • @sezbethc2765
      @sezbethc2765 5 лет назад +7

      @nPlatin You didn't really refute his point with that link. Do you really believe that all of those people on that list became what they are 'just' by listening to lectures? Autodidacts have to practice and discuss exercise sets too - just in an environment outside of the classroom.

    • @black_jack_meghav
      @black_jack_meghav 5 лет назад +3

      @Hugh Jones wow a comment i actually appreciate from the deepest of my conscience

    • @Igi293
      @Igi293 4 года назад +1

      Sezbeth C thank you

    • @themooseyoyos
      @themooseyoyos 4 года назад +13

      This comment holds greater meaning in 2020

    • @qpkwsxcb8277
      @qpkwsxcb8277 4 года назад

      @@themooseyoyos True.

  • @divyamgoel8902
    @divyamgoel8902 7 лет назад +130

    I love the fact that 8.04 has been segmented into smaller videos. This makes it much more easier to learn. Thank You so much MIT OCW.

    • @benbarberian1701
      @benbarberian1701 4 года назад +11

      But they removed students asking doubts, which is like grave sin, gods doubts and doubt resolving is key to the classroom efficacy, because instructors cannot say everything.

    • @aubade8093
      @aubade8093 2 года назад +2

      Mee too love this course

  • @tahirjamil1679
    @tahirjamil1679 2 года назад +26

    I am really really grateful to MIT for providing these online lectures
    and i also admire the instructor Barton Zwieback for his teaching method
    thanks MIT

  • @marialiyubman
    @marialiyubman 4 года назад +38

    This professor’s handwriting 😍

  • @AnjanShrestha1988
    @AnjanShrestha1988 3 года назад +14

    Thank you MIT OCW for bringing the excellent source of lectures to the open world so that everyone can get knowledge and strive to make some contribution after learning it

  • @dhruvshandilya6761
    @dhruvshandilya6761 4 года назад +96

    Quarantine second month : now I am done with series lets study some quantum physics

    • @jackyfelder2563
      @jackyfelder2563 4 года назад +6

      WOW! i'm 69 and just starting this series.

    • @alwaysbored47
      @alwaysbored47 4 года назад +1

      @@jackyfelder2563 how is it going?

    • @peeper2070
      @peeper2070 3 года назад +4

      @@alwaysbored47 He won the Nobel Prize this year

    • @rishabmishra6957
      @rishabmishra6957 3 года назад +1

      @@peeper2070 what is his name ? Can u please tell me

  • @almahmud9508
    @almahmud9508 5 лет назад +10

    I am learning from MIT all times, I hope this is my best School for learning

  • @hemanthkotagiri8865
    @hemanthkotagiri8865 5 лет назад +14

    2X the normal speed will save a lot of time and the pace sounds very normal. Thank you, MIT.

    • @RalphDratman
      @RalphDratman 2 года назад +3

      Thank you for the suggestion, but these are perfect for my specific brain at 1x.

    • @intpsoftware5784
      @intpsoftware5784 Год назад

      I think anything less than 5x is a bore

  • @oldcowbb
    @oldcowbb 7 лет назад +123

    I love how he just laugh from pure joy

  • @leolee4101
    @leolee4101 6 лет назад +64

    Love You MIT!

  • @Dudleymiddleton
    @Dudleymiddleton 5 лет назад +4

    The special ability to portray on a proper blackboard and chalk is shown here in it's entirety. I remember my physics teacher at secondary school, chalked in a very similar way to Barton, but the joined up writing was almost illegible, the speed he did it!

  • @BorysPodwysocki
    @BorysPodwysocki 4 месяца назад

    I am very grateful to have this available completely for free and it's quite refreshing in today's world of paid courses. Great Initiative of Everybody involved!

  • @victoriajiang3673
    @victoriajiang3673 6 лет назад +8

    It is so good and I think it is enjoyable. The fact which is a bit sad is, I found it out just now, not earlier.

  • @PauloConstantino167
    @PauloConstantino167 6 лет назад +9

    THANK YOU MIT. YOU ARE AN ANGEL IN OUR MORTAL LIVES !!!!!

  • @eli-bg9mi
    @eli-bg9mi 4 года назад +10

    Spending time wisely during lockdown by watching MIT OCW lectures 🙌

  • @ThousandYearsInthySight
    @ThousandYearsInthySight Год назад +1

    This introduction to Quantum Mechanics was incredibly clear and insightful. I'm Excited to dive deeper into this fascinating field!

  • @univgate5968
    @univgate5968 4 года назад +3

    You're the best prof. Zwiebach

  • @prachijaiswal6595
    @prachijaiswal6595 3 года назад +2

    Way of speaking is so understanding!! 🤗

  • @zapparolisphotography5383
    @zapparolisphotography5383 6 лет назад +43

    Outstanding professor. Exceptional didactical capabilities.

  • @andycris3072
    @andycris3072 Год назад +4

    Barton, un orgullo peruano 🇵🇪

  • @NatthuSingh-b4u
    @NatthuSingh-b4u 11 месяцев назад +3

    If we get teachers like you we will master in physics or in any subject

  • @ercanonal7177
    @ercanonal7177 2 месяца назад

    It's a very good chance to listen and watch MIT courses (such as being a student in a real university) whoever curious (not only students but also researchers and curious persons) wherever in the whole-world.

  • @ryankim1999
    @ryankim1999 3 года назад +3

    This helped me through my Quantum Mechanics class during covid when my professor just stopped having lessons all together.

  • @allyourcode
    @allyourcode 4 года назад +2

    @16:13 This is (IMHO) very weird notation. What L = d/dt + 1/tau means is that we are defining L to be an operator, and when you apply that operator to some quantity u, then the result is du/dt + u/tau. One problem that I have with this notation is that Lu suggests that we are simply multiplying d/dt + 1/tau with u, but that's not what's going on. Rather, what this definition of L tells us to do with u is take the derivative with respect to t (plus some other stuff), which is emphatically NOT multiplication.
    Of course, every linear operator can be expressed as a matrix multiplication (with respect to some basis), which explains why we write Lu, but it's kind of confusing to present it this way without reminding everyone that linear operators and matrices are "the same thing".

  • @luisfevel
    @luisfevel 3 года назад +1

    I feel proud to see a countryman teaching at MIT. I am from Peru.

  • @subramaniamg8004
    @subramaniamg8004 7 лет назад +17

    just 3 minutes watched the starting lecture, decided to learn full course videos. thanks for sharing the videos, i will try to utilise to my fullest potential. Thanks to instructor also. :)))

  • @Sri_Harsha_Electronics_Guthik
    @Sri_Harsha_Electronics_Guthik 5 лет назад +17

    he is like dr.strange with an accent. these are the best lectures in the quantum mechanics on you tube as far as i know.

    • @tousifalam1681
      @tousifalam1681 4 года назад

      See V. BALAKRISHNAN lectures on u tube IIT MADRAS

    • @Sri_Harsha_Electronics_Guthik
      @Sri_Harsha_Electronics_Guthik 4 года назад

      @@tousifalam1681 tq will definitely check them out. Any lecture in particular, is better than others among these IIT lectures?

  • @jinswindshieldwiperlaugh1978
    @jinswindshieldwiperlaugh1978 4 года назад +8

    I absolutely love these classes.👌

  • @kinildsongessiopersegueiro
    @kinildsongessiopersegueiro Год назад +1

    Greetings from Brasil and thks US and MIT.

  • @sridevi5999
    @sridevi5999 4 года назад +1

    Expressing gratitude from India.

  • @arnoldaguirre8424
    @arnoldaguirre8424 5 лет назад +13

    If you put it on 2x you'll be listening to a friend who is explaining something they like

  • @bryabr5280
    @bryabr5280 11 месяцев назад +1

    "Why must there be complex numbers in quantum mechanics? Because the Schrödinger equation already has an "i" in it" - this is one brilliant explanation!

    • @lepidoptera9337
      @lepidoptera9337 10 месяцев назад

      We don't have to. There is a version that uses quaternions. It just doesn't add anything as far as I know. Neither would a version that would remove "i" and use a vector representation with two real numbers help in any way.

  • @MGdriver77
    @MGdriver77 7 лет назад +7

    I am excited to have found this. You guys are amazing.

  • @noahholbrook3465
    @noahholbrook3465 5 лет назад +2

    I’m only thirteen studying this course by option here in Kentucky and it truly is explained in a great way I can understand it. Thank you.

    • @TheGamingg33k
      @TheGamingg33k 5 лет назад +3

      Im 6 years old. This course is explained so well too. I now understand how to solve quantum gravity.

    • @robertostevens2666
      @robertostevens2666 4 года назад +1

      Any idiot can click on a youtube video, go somewhere else if you want attention, no one here gives a fuck how old you are

  • @likestomeasurestuff3554
    @likestomeasurestuff3554 4 года назад +6

    I appreciate all of these courses tremendously!

  • @carlosalexandreFAT
    @carlosalexandreFAT Год назад

    The association of the main numbers in the field of mathematics with each other, reflects numerical sequences that correspond to the dimensions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun in the unit of measurement in meters, which is: 1' (second) / 299792458 m/s (speed of light in a vacuum).
    Ramanujan number: 1,729
    Earth's equatorial radius: 6,378 km.
    Golden ratio: 1.61803...
    • (1,729 x 6,378 x (10^-3)) ^1.61803 x (10^-3) = 3,474.18
    Moon's diameter: 3,474 km.
    Ramanujan number: 1,729
    Speed of light: 299,792,458 m/s
    Earth's Equatorial Diameter: 12,756 km. Earth's Equatorial Radius: 6,378 km.
    • (1,729 x 299,792,458) / 12,756 / 6,378) = 6,371
    Earth's average radius: 6,371 km.
    The Cubit
    The cubit = Pi - phi^2 = 0.5236
    Lunar distance: 384,400 km.
    (0.5236 x (10^6) - 384,400) x 10 = 1,392,000
    Sun´s diameter: 1,392,000 km.
    Higgs Boson: 125.35 (GeV)
    Golden ratio: 1.61803...
    (125.35 x (10^-1) - 1.61803) x (10^3) = 10,916.97
    Circumference of the Moon: 10,916 km.
    Golden ratio: 1.618
    Golden Angle: 137.5
    Earth's equatorial radius: 6,378
    Universal Gravitation G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N.m^2/kg^2.
    (((1.618 ^137.5) / 6,378) / 6.67) x (10^-20) = 12,756.62
    Earth’s equatorial diameter: 12,756 km.
    The Euler Number is approximately: 2.71828...
    Newton’s law of gravitation: G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N.m^2/kg^2.
    Golden ratio: 1.618ɸ
    (2.71828 ^ 6.67) x 1.618 x 10 = 12,756.23
    Earth’s equatorial diameter: 12,756 km.
    Planck’s constant: 6.63 × 10-34 m2 kg.
    Circumference of the Moon: 10,916.
    Golden ratio: 1.618 ɸ
    (((6.63 ^ (10,916 x 10^-4 )) x 1.618 x (10^3) = 12,756.82
    Earth’s equatorial diameter: 12,756 km.
    Planck's temperature: 1.41679 x 10^32 Kelvin.
    Newton’s law of gravitation: G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N.m^2/kg^2.
    Speed of Sound: 340.29 m/s
    (1.41679 ^ 6.67) x 340.29 - 1 = 3,474.81
    Moon's diameter:: 3,474 km.
    Cosmic microwave background radiation
    2.725 kelvins ,160.4 GHz,
    Pi: 3.14
    Earth's polar radius: 6,357 km.
    ((2.725 x 160.4) / 3.14 x (10^4) - (6,357 x 10^-3) = 1,392,000
    The diameter of the Sun: 1,392,000 km.
    Numbers 3, 6 & 9 - Nikola Tesla
    One Parsec = 206265 AU = 3.26 light-years = 3.086 × 10^13 km.
    The Numbers: 3, 6 and 9
    ((3^6) x 9) - (3.086 x (10^3)) -1 = 3,474
    The Moon's diameter: 3,474 km.
    Now we will use the diameter of the Moon.
    Moon's diameter: 3,474 km.
    (3.474 + 369 + 1) x (10^2) = 384,400
    The term L.D (Lunar Distance) refers to the average distance between the Earth and the Moon, which is 384,400 km.
    Moon's diameter: 3,474 km.
    ((3+6+9) x 3 x 6 x 9) - 9 - 3 + 3,474 = 6,378
    Earth's equatorial radius: 6,378 km.
    By Gustavo Muniz

  • @amritsarawan.p8086
    @amritsarawan.p8086 3 месяца назад +117

    Anyone from sambucha?

  • @christineyang1552
    @christineyang1552 4 года назад +1

    MIT saved my life.

  • @SethuIyer95
    @SethuIyer95 7 лет назад +38

    This is something I always wanted to learn. Thank you MIT OCW.

  • @vladimirzadiran5609
    @vladimirzadiran5609 5 лет назад +2

    Гений, просто гений. A genius, just a genius.

  • @hermannaftaliiek8683
    @hermannaftaliiek8683 5 лет назад +45

    I committed to be a physics student at MIT one day.

    • @michaelwerd4825
      @michaelwerd4825 4 года назад +2

      So you are not in it for physics but just for the status.
      Physics today is more of a hoax than really learning about the nature of objects and processes (while what appears to us as an object also is a process - and the other way around...depends on the angle and distance of view).

    • @sahilrathi_
      @sahilrathi_ 4 года назад +4

      @@michaelwerd4825 Bro it could be the interest too.I always aspired to become astrophysicist but due to some problem during entrance,I couldn't get sufficient rank to get a engineering physics course at a good college .So I now chose job security and studying C.S. but here I am also perceiving my interest side by side!❤️

    • @vaishnav_mallya
      @vaishnav_mallya 3 года назад +3

      @@michaelwerd4825 It's absolutely okay if he wishes for more opportunities. In MIT, you'll come across brilliant people from around the world. The environment also affects the way you learn and understand.

  • @Shubhkaramdeep
    @Shubhkaramdeep 6 лет назад +9

    Thanks MIT OCW for sharing. Wonderful to learn from great teachers

  • @KacemAmineJa
    @KacemAmineJa 7 лет назад +3

    Thank you MIT for this new version

  • @ShermanSitter
    @ShermanSitter 5 лет назад +14

    So...I can take this class on RUclips?! I'm so happy....but I may never leave the house again after finding this and other amazing courses!

  • @stephenanastasi748
    @stephenanastasi748 4 года назад +2

    What a beautiful explanation of linearity.

  • @Rylan_animations
    @Rylan_animations 3 месяца назад

    I am 13 trying to get a job at a nuclear plant. Now to do so I only require I high school diploma but to really stand out I am learning this before going to college for the actual diploma. This first lesson I understood very well. Thank you for this.

  • @lynx141
    @lynx141 Год назад +3

    The names being mentioned at the beginning-Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Planck, Einstein sends a shiver down your spine when you realise this is cutting edge stuff by some of the most brilliant minds of the scientific community.

    • @schmetterling4477
      @schmetterling4477 11 месяцев назад

      It was cutting edge in 1927. That was almost a hundred years ago. Today this level is absolutely trivial.

  • @omarcuerdas
    @omarcuerdas Год назад +2

    Excelent teacher Bartton from Perú

  • @kaushaljain5999
    @kaushaljain5999 4 года назад +1

    5:55 Define dynamical variable in simple language. And explain how do physicists decide which variables should be dynamical variable in every case?

    • @doctordihatti2038
      @doctordihatti2038 4 года назад

      Speak break words and methode writing is well but no teaching because his lecture is recommended in other countries
      He should speak in full word

  • @johnpatrickoldfield534
    @johnpatrickoldfield534 3 года назад +5

    I thought there was going to be four more theories in that episode. I studied derivatives in first year calculus. It’s fairly interesting. I also studied quantitative methods in quantitative economics so I have seen multiple variable analysis in large equations and scatter plots with discrete, unknown and known variables, hypothesis and null hypothesis examples, practices and methods applied mostly to the household. However there’s many application processes. I have also studied linear programming in C# programming. I enjoyed the interpretation of the maxwell equation with four variables and the pairings are quite interesting for application selection. I also liked the practicality of the graph axis explanation and combining the the known and unknown variables. Curious about the gravity equations inclusions into the applications.

  • @kevinhuayanca5744
    @kevinhuayanca5744 5 лет назад +6

    Orgullo PERUANO !!!!!!!!!!!

  • @waindayoungthain2147
    @waindayoungthain2147 Год назад

    0:03 items 0:03 if you doubt it’s normal not need answer why the photons wave 😮is no currently on photon? 0:03

  • @BennettAustin7
    @BennettAustin7 5 лет назад +47

    “Why the laugh?”😂

  • @robingoff521
    @robingoff521 7 лет назад +3

    that's what its all about - i think - feed me - more input
    excellent thanks to all at mit

  • @Kiki-yc5ue
    @Kiki-yc5ue 2 месяца назад

    Grade 10 here, I love this stuff! Happy to learn it

  • @higgs_boson2231
    @higgs_boson2231 4 года назад +9

    Everyone should donate to OCW, they put a lot of effort into something most colleges don't even think of

  • @JohnVKaravitis
    @JohnVKaravitis 5 лет назад +6

    You can run this at 2X speed and it's still understandable. Compare this with Allan Adams's version of this course.

    • @IamLegend573
      @IamLegend573 4 года назад

      Which is better btw ?

    • @JohnVKaravitis
      @JohnVKaravitis 3 года назад +1

      @@IamLegend573 Sorry to take so long to get back to you. I'm reviewing QM this summer. Okay, so Adams is a great guy, and has great presence and delivery. But Zweibach gets into the details a little better, more like my two courses in QM. There are a few "start to finish" QM course playlists here on RUclips, Zweibach has QM 803.4, .5, and .6. There's Brant Carlson's review of Griffith's text. There are a couple of others. My QM professor told me that yo have to forget something three times before your remember it. So....

  • @youziyang
    @youziyang Месяц назад

    It's very important for me, physics student.

  • @johanndavidson6176
    @johanndavidson6176 4 года назад +4

    Such a good lecture. Congrats professor.

    • @__Arif
      @__Arif 4 года назад

      I don’t understand this lectur. Please tell me about prerequisite thing to understand this course

  • @pankajkumarchauhan
    @pankajkumarchauhan 3 года назад

    From India I love MIT lectures

  • @___The_Paradox
    @___The_Paradox Год назад

    I have a great feeling that this teacher is super.

  • @李愚-f7j
    @李愚-f7j 5 лет назад +5

    wow this is so well organised! best on QM ever seen

  • @muttleycrew
    @muttleycrew 2 года назад

    The centenary of quantum theory (as opposed to quantum mechanics) was on December 14, 2000.
    That was, to the day, 100 years after Planck solved the ultraviolet catastrophe by introducing the constant now named after him and the notion, to which he gave no physical basis at all, that a blackbody cavity cooled down but radiating light in what he called "quanta" or "packets".
    In 1905 Einstein interpreted Planck's notion of quanta as discrete particles of light. He found this was helpful in giving a theoretical model of the photoelectric effect, discovered by Hertz and studied by Philipp Lenard. Light, said Einstein, was emitted and absorbed as corpuscles. When he calculates the energy of the photons using Planck's constant, it is the first time a wave-type of equation is connected with the idea of corpuscles. This will become known as wave-particle duality.
    In 1913 Niels Bohr used the notion of non-decaying orbitals in the hydrogen atom to model and compute hydrogen's spectral lines, the infamous Balmer and Paschen lines. You could make a case that the mechanics part of QM started here since everything which has come since is a theoretical refinement on these ideas.
    In 1924 De Broglie wrote the first equation for the momentum of a free particle in terms of a matter wave and used that to show that Bohr's orbitals had the property of periodicity of the matter wave. No question that was a big breakthrough.
    But yeah, 1925 is the big one. That's a watershed year. That's when Schroedinger and Heisenberg both formulate a non-relativistic version of QM and use this bizarre notion of matter waves to describe free particles as de Broglie had, but also the bound states of particles.
    That same year you also get Max Born writing a paper with Heisenberg and Jordan on the inherently statistical nature of QM. This was a shocking development in theoretical physics: it is a seminal paper in which matrices are introduced into theoretical physics with aplomb and their non-commutative algebra is also discussed. Many of the key elements of quantum theory we know and love arrive in 1925.

  • @aiazerchen8005
    @aiazerchen8005 2 года назад

    我虽然是业余爱好者,但是我仍能看懂大部分内容!
    Although I am an amateur, I can still understand most of the content!

  • @wise1xo
    @wise1xo 4 года назад +3

    This is unreal, I get to go to MIT!

  • @wolverinestark-ju2ee
    @wolverinestark-ju2ee 7 месяцев назад

    Watching my 9th MIT lecture series and outperforming my knowledge

  • @coolwilliam101
    @coolwilliam101 2 месяца назад

    I am 11 years old and this is very interesting!

  • @a.h.5296
    @a.h.5296 4 месяца назад +1

    It’s so cool we can watch this for freeeee

  • @flygonfiasco9751
    @flygonfiasco9751 4 года назад +5

    Excellent lecture by an excellent professor.

  • @CarterColeisInfamous
    @CarterColeisInfamous 7 лет назад +11

    this is brilliant love it

  • @vivekranjan47
    @vivekranjan47 5 лет назад +1

    I LIKE MIT VERY MUCH

  • @rezabahani7437
    @rezabahani7437 4 года назад +2

    Thank you so much for this opportunity, but, maybe you can share some mathematical physics courses 😶 pls.

  • @marelywilson8590
    @marelywilson8590 4 года назад +22

    I didn’t know he was Peruvian! 😭Dale Peruano ! 🇵🇪💕

  • @naisyaramadhiani1077
    @naisyaramadhiani1077 Год назад +1

    Thank you sir excellent lectures🎉

  • @dedsec2926
    @dedsec2926 5 лет назад +1

    The videos are very well organized.

  • @isafinllr9840
    @isafinllr9840 4 года назад +1

    I guess I found the necessary videos for practicing my English

  • @UntakenNick
    @UntakenNick 4 года назад +6

    I noticed that there are two different courses, from 2013 and 2016.. anyone has and opinion on which one to watch, or to watch first..?

    • @MudahnyaFizik
      @MudahnyaFizik 3 года назад

      They are the same course. Watch this one since 8.05 and 8.06 is also taught by the same person

  • @kareemhassaan7039
    @kareemhassaan7039 3 года назад

    Barton zewibach is very good physicist

  • @somphottongkanta2602
    @somphottongkanta2602 4 года назад +1

    I like to learn from his lecture.

  • @mastLight23
    @mastLight23 4 года назад

    Love you MIT for opencourseware

  • @Diegomoji22
    @Diegomoji22 Месяц назад

    This is actually a really interesting topic that instead of watching family guy to sleep i will watch this maybe i will wake up smarter

  • @theFitProfessor
    @theFitProfessor 2 года назад

    What a great Professor!

  • @sally-cinnamon
    @sally-cinnamon 2 месяца назад

    Im so done with my life so im thinking of learning this to do something productive.

  • @idrisbabatunde6629
    @idrisbabatunde6629 4 года назад +1

    Run this at a speed of 2x and you will see how fantastic the lecture is.

  • @shoshinsamurai7901
    @shoshinsamurai7901 4 года назад

    @4:16 Complex Numbers is not written as #'s. No apostrophe. Damn, I can't believe this.

  • @zaharazettira3214
    @zaharazettira3214 3 года назад

    Thanks for aploding OCW

  • @pandorossii4565
    @pandorossii4565 Год назад

    A la mrd ,y pensar que este tipo es el erudito mas notable de la UNI en peru
    orgullosos se han de sentir los de esa universidad

  • @umerbinshabir9819
    @umerbinshabir9819 4 года назад +2

    Why don't they record these all lectures and let whole world learn.... These are priceless lectures

    • @ameerhamza4816
      @ameerhamza4816 3 года назад +3

      They already record many lectures and provide for free you should be thankful to them

    • @schmetterling4477
      @schmetterling4477 3 года назад

      The same material is being taught every year at hundreds of universities around the world. This is nothing special. I have been to half a dozen universities as a student and I sat in basically the same lecture over and over again to find out if I could have gotten a better education somewhere else. The comparison was disappointing. It's pretty much the same across the board at this level. Graduate education is a different matter, but at the undergrad level the differences are marginal.

  • @manoranjansahu7161
    @manoranjansahu7161 3 года назад

    Simply Elegant!!!

  • @adeptusmemeicous
    @adeptusmemeicous 3 месяца назад +1

    I just found this out from a RUclips short and imma try and see if i do well

  • @kernal2077
    @kernal2077 2 года назад +1

    Amazing lecture 👏🏼🌄

  • @jwzxgo
    @jwzxgo 4 года назад +1

    16:55 How do you write an operator alone if it contains non-linear component, such as Lu = d(u^2)/dt + 1 ? Does it mean that an operator has to be linear? Thx!

    • @drizzly9936
      @drizzly9936 4 года назад

      There is no standard way to notate It alone in that case
      But you can still define an operator such as what you did
      And you could still invent new notation in which its specified