Scaling up to a 1-million qubit quantum computer is already extremely hard from an engineering point of view, as this video nicely illustrates. However, getting those 1 million qubits entangled, and more importantly: keeping them entangled long enough to perform meaningful calculations, that is a challenge of an entirely different magnitude. Sadly, most informational videos on quantum-computing fail to properly address this enormous elephant in the quantum room.
@menno Knol How long do you think it will take for a practical Quantum Computer to be built ? Is 'never' a real option, because of the entanglement issues?
@@ericvosselmans5657 I won't claim to be an expert on the matter in any way. That is one of the reasons I would like to see more videos addressing the decoherence problem for large scale quantum computers. But based on what I think I understand about the subject, I would reckon it will take longer then most of the popular media would like us to believe. Quite a bit longer. A bit like with practical fusion energy.
The enormous elephant is the unescapable truth that quantum theory is but a model of reality. That we can all agree. My point being is that these unusual behaviours such as superposition are not laws of nature but just peculiarities of the mathematical model on which the theory is based. Need I say more?
This video explains such a complex topic in so simple way. This is by far the best quantum computer video i've ever seen. Thank you Anastasiia for your work.
I’m not gonna lie.. trying to comprehend how these electrons spins are controlled and used for computing and can maintain multiple different states at one time.. makes my brain kinda melt.. but it is absolutely fascinating stuff to see that people are making it work. To imagine they can get this scaled down into home or handheld devices in the next.. idk, 50 years? Is just amazing to contemplate what they will be able to achieve
Hi Anastasia! I just wanted to let you know that this is the most informative and well put together video that I have seen on Quantum Computing. Simply fascinating and refreshing. Also your voice and accent are absolutely amazing. Such a unique blend of culture emanating in a harmonious and pleasing tone. I could listen to you talk ALL DAY. Thank you for inspiring me! Also thank you to Dr. Stefano Pellerano for breaking this cmplicated concept down into a digestible and comprehendible format. Bless you.
Always fascinating info here.. thanks for what you do to expose us all to this incredible tech! And great to see you being to get amazing guests to help explain some of these things
Thanks for this interesting interview. The algorithms of quantum computers are not easy to imagine due to we are not used to it. The power of this kind of computer is the capability to entangle qubits (to link all their qubits capacity to each other by linear relations) and to keep it away from the classical projection of our univer until quantum computing is completed. When one of the qubit is read, then it determines the state of all the other then we cannot add any other operation to the compute but we have to read all the final state that gave us the solution of the complex operations applied to the qbits system. Each quantum operation can be seen as causality between qubits and it is done into a kind of isolate univer from us that is why we say that it is zero and one at the same time but in reality the value of the isolate qbit are not defined at all for our univer until we touch (read) the qbits ;).
Your voice is so amazing I just can't stand it. If all my teachers in high school had your voice I would have listened to every single thing they said and aced the classes lmao
Yet again, another informative and beautifully produced introduction to a very complex and very interesting topic even for laymen like myself. Your thorough engaging manner in explaining these issues, and in this case bringing us another equally interesting and talented speaker who really knows this subject and can articulate it so well makes it all the more worthwhile. Looking forward to your next. Cheers.
@@trusterzero6399Busted! She is simp worthy in the extreme, in my opinion, though having an interest in computer techs for as long as I can remember...which is long enough to remember when computers were room sized...I've always tried to stay current on the tech and have watched a lot of boring (and not nearly as visually appealing) experts try to explain what is new, and what it means, but few of them put it all together as well. Her grammar and syntax are impeccable, her use of language, including her accent which reminds me of of my Italian family, makes listening a joy. My niceness is exceeded only by my verbosity. Cheers.
Wonderfully educational and entertaining as always! This channel really fills a niche for people who want to learn about advanced topics in a detailed yet approachable format. Some requests: 1) please switch back to the original (or some other gentle) video transitions: the new effect starting from around January clashes with the serious theme and tone of your content. The glitchy or flashing video transition effect is very visually jarring; it breaks the flow of one's concentration :'( 2) please leave the informative visuals like graphs/diagrams/tables up for longer, instead of the looping promotional animations :)
Thanks for the really well made video. This was a random hit on yt for me and it was great. Guess I found another channel to add to my watchlist. Also, as a man trying to get in shape for some upcoming metal concerts, I am super jeallous of your hair :-D
Small remark, for quantum computing you need Tangled qubits, not just separate millions... That's more complex to initiate, to keep them useful and stabile in tangled state. Just million doesn't help and doesn't solve anything. P.s. possibly that's physically not possible Heisenberg uncertainty. QC is over hyped
Super interesting Anastasi! I work on the field (on the superconducting side and algorithms) but I find the semiconductor approach to be very interesting. Keep up the good work!
I'm impressed! A million qubits! :O 120 qubits was too much for me until I saw this video. Thank you! I really love interviews, keep doing them Miss Engineer :D
Since the nineties of the last century... And the algorithms, the treatment system, has evolved into something that is difficult to understand. How?! This was done in the time of the earth! Today, life, technology, artificial intelligence... and the human being in this, and the information spread, but! This needs a school in society and a difference in what is now in the whole world - thank you..!
I don't understand most of what you teach us, but I'm really digging the steampunk vibe of these quantum computers. Feels like time travel is on its way.
@@hateme5010 Among physicists, there is no real doubt that time does really, truly exist. It's a measurable, observable phenomenon. Physicists are just divided a bit on what causes this existence, and what it means to say that it exists.
@@hateme5010 One common misconception spread by an unclear discussion of the nature of relativity and other physics related to time is that time does not, in fact, exist at all. This comes across in a number of areas that are commonly classified as pseudoscience or even mysticism.
@@hateme5010 Time is actually an integral part of the universe. The very linear concept of time is tied into the concept of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which is seen by many physicists as one of the most important laws in all of physics! Without time as a real property of the universe, the Second Law becomes meaningless.
I think developing quantum computing is like the chicken/egg paradox in reverse. Quantum mechanics is about the probability of finding the quantum twin of an electron in any one place. If you can do that with enough accuracy, you can harness quantum mechanics to perform quantum computations. But to do that you would need a quantum computer.
learning a lot, and enjoying your humour. a tiny wish regarding names. the people's names are okay, but the companies are sometimes very shortly visible.
A complex matter superb presented. Concise and contemporary. Quantum dots are a fascinating development. Quantum computing will likely improve itself and then provide solutions for a room temperature quantum computer.
The real challenge is implementing the entanglement gates (or two-qubit gates). Since science journalists only want a single number, they latch onto the number of qubits while ignoring everything else. I do not think cryptography will be broken in the next thirty years.
If most operations are yes or no, what is the practical application of a system that can be both simultaneously? (Perhaps I need to understand computing at a core level?)
Fascinating. do they have an actual working prototype of this Silicon quantum dot chip? I would imagine setting these bits with an RF transmission line could make cross talk a big problem no? I imagine if they are setting the Qbit state with an RF pulse then they also read the bit by measuring the RF Any specifications? How are the qbits coupled or entangled?
Anastasi Just looking at all the RF Microwave plumbing its like Art Very Expensive Art but can I say Wonderful 👏 I have my own Microwave Test Equipment & that is massively expensive, I wouldn't guess how much that Copper Gold Microwave Quantum Computer costs, it's Government Research & very high end companies that could ever provide the funding, even Cryogenics to cool that is costly, I feel I am as curious as a Cat 🐈 in Electronics & Microwaves, For your next maybe we could talk about actual programming of FPGAs ? Devices used etc, Philip
We need topological (meaning in a in-unfoldable loop) qubit system on a chip (I'll name it TOQUSOC). This way, entanglement can be permanently preserved.
@@joannewilson6577 lol. Way to be the optimist. 70 years. Hahahaha. But with quantum tech in your phone, it will be both there and not there at the same time.
@@MrWitchblade So far, no one has scientifically proved that QC is impossible. So, the hunt for a QC is a meaningful hunt. Some simple ones already have been build. It is not yet certain that the promise of large scale quantum computing will even be realized; but many are hopeful that it will happen eventually. A practical quantum computee might take 15 years or 50 years,many country are in the process of designing a 100 qubit machine. Technological revolutions of this magnitude have many odds to go over. Let us not forget how many years it took for the traditional computer to come up.
@@MrWitchblade There may be any number of technological roadblocks ahead that simply haven't been accounted for. Taken together, these considerations would place us to somewhere around 50 years at the minimum. Of course, the caveat is that the possibility of achieving scalable universal quantum computing still needs to be proven. In that case, we might make an analogous prediction borrowed from nuclear fusion reactor research; scalable universal quantum computing is ten years away and always will be…. The bottom line is that we really are still at the beginning of a promising new technology with no clear or obvious path to achieving both a robust and scalable architecture.
@@joannewilson6577 temperature is the big problem currently. The ones which are sold are all minus 256 °c Not practical for everyday home use. It'll get there.
At one point as you were discussing the potential for quantum computing, you were comparing the number of discrete states that the machine could achieve to the number of atoms or particles in our observable light cone. But, and please correct me if I am wrong here, we can only output by sampling over and over again from that large pool of states to look for the most dominant states. That is the processor could be in a super position across 10^100 states, but your sampling output might only sample 10^10 of them. So, from a informatics perspective, the limitation of quantum computers is not a function of the size of the PROBLEM SPACE they can compute IN, but rather of the size of the SOLUTION SPACE that they can output TO.
A main feature of infamous quantum computing algorithms is to find and highlight the one solution in a gigantic problem space that's otherwise supposed to be impossible to search within the limited size of the universe. So outputting only the strongest value subset is all they need.
Optical vortices can create a void at the center. I don't know if they can create a vacuum, but it may be that we can use optical vortices as a means to produce localized vacuums around these qubit particles to meet cooling needs without all the equipment. Great video, thanks for sharing!
Great Video, TYVM. You never fail to leave me excited for how this tech is going. Exciting Times :) cannot wait to see the fruits of this technology when mature
Thank you. Me too, novice in this subject but like to learn more. Hope you could share in the next video on how silicon is able to achieve qbits? Is it by quantum spin? Also how were these chips fabricated? By lithography too?
Great editing and solid content, it very far in the future for sure, what about the current CPU's a little closer to the ones people might use normally?
Wonder if the hardware could be simplified by operating in space, always in sun shadow, with far less power needed to maintain mK temperatures. This would be a relatively light payload & low cost to orbit, although cosmic rays would be a troubling background, perhaps suppressed with an anti coincidence shield. The main question to me is what problems can you solve that traditional architectures can not. There are clear opportunities to ensure a message has not been read, but what other applications are interesting or useful? Super video, thanks for sharing!
As it requires power, could a solar panel of some type be efficient enough to provide the necessary shade? I could see a comms issue due to maintaining an orbit which keeps the satellite on the dark side of the Earth. I'm no expert on solar panels, engineering, or the climates of space... but it seems like a panel with some type of solar shield/insulation could allow these systems to operate around the globe without need for avoiding the sun.
@@mattallred the mid infra red camera on the James Webb telescope operates at 7 Kelvin & is kept that cold by a cryocooler powered by solar I believe. Quantum computers need milli Kelvin, about 1000 times lower, but in principle your idea can probably be made to work.
Thank you for CAPTIONing! It's easy ( just turn it on) and autocart dies about 75-85% correct FOR FREE! I really appreciate your videos and being able to see( the cart) and hear you ! Wado Mvto
Very nicely done, a uniquely pleasant way of presenting complex topics in easily digestible form. Although entangled electron spin strategies are the common current focus, it is the entangled photonic approach which may eventually become the prolific arena of development. There are many (myself included) who see optical computing as the eventual manifestation of the next great paradigm in computation, including optical neural networks, etc. Perhaps a program on this would be interesting?
I’m wondering how a megabit QC will help tell us if we’re alone in the universe? (A simple bit of math seems instructive. If intelligent life like ours requires, say, FIVE events with a 1/10^4 probability - e.g. right star, right planet, right distance, needing gas giants in the outer system, needing a large moon for tidal pools, etc - then the odds of intelligent life are 1/10^20. There are only about 10^11 stars in the galaxy, so the odds are good that we’re alone.)
Imho, the problem with Quantum computing is fundamental physics, making it's relevant in very limited field of use. It's best use in solving quantum level problems, and it's going to be of limited use in classical world we operate.
Room temperature superconductors seem to be the key to unlocking many different problems in technology today. Superconducting magnets for fusion reactors and radiation shields in space to quantum computing and desalination and so much more.
It is not only about where WE(as US) are in this quantum computer hardware research, but also, at what stage are other nations(if they are any).....like for example Canada and China/Baidu Co. or OQCT and Huawei and others.....I would like to hear/see some comparisons of at what stage everybody else is and if there are other nations working on a future of computing (like Singapore atc.)
I'm not particularly sure about using size and hardware comparisons between early binary computers and qubit computers when it comes to scaling. The two are completely different processes that work differently on a fundamental level. Introducing this method might shrink it a little bit, maybe at best to a bulky desktop size in a distant future, but the fact of the matter remains that it requires things far above and beyond even what the most sophisticated binary supercomputer needs hence why scaling it down to a compact phone-size level is unfeasible with current or even foreseeable future technologies. Room temperature superconductors is the thing holding everything back. The same reason Fusion is so difficult to create among many other extremely complex technologies. And room temperature superconductors only exist in theory but not in the universe (at least in a solid, tangible form that could have practical application) hence why massive, bulky freezers among other things are required to achieve near absolute zero conductivity/superconductivity and that is something classical computing does not require, which allowed it to shrink and shrink as they only had to make transistor manufacturing smaller/more efficient, you can't do that with a quantum computer. It's not the actual process, it's the lack of superconductivity and there's no way around it when it comes to scaling. You can't eliminate or bypass laws of thermodynamics which is the main factor that makes it be so massive and bulky whereas for binary computing the bulk just came because of lack of infratructure and transistor/silicon manufacturing streamlining, but they knew how it works and what exactly to build and plan for. The reason it took so much time to shrink it wasn't because they didn't know, but because it takes that long to get the industry for it built as on a fundamental level there is no difference between a modern CPU and one from the 70's, whereas for qubit computers streamlining it requires technologies we haven't even discovered or conceived of yet. I understand he is trying to imply that eventually we might and will have the technology, but comparing it to how a binary computer evolved is not really applicable in this context. Despite both of them being computers, they are totally apples to oranges. What works for one doesn't work for the other. That's really my only gripe about it. Otherwise - excellent content as usual! Keep up the good work
I think quantum computing for commercial application will only be achieved thru something similar but not exactly quantum dots.perhaps we shall need to research new material and how different materials could achieve a qubit in different ways .we could simulate -1 ,0,1 state where 0 is similar to a stationary wave by use of different ideas like reflection or spin of atoms with in a new material not necessarily silicone.but that is just a thought?????.
May you can do a video on how to reuse older chip-sets for new roles. I spend a lot of time showing people how you can take older IT systems and give them new roles in today world. Just a thought! We today can get our hands on pretty high end hardware that is being sold on Ebay like sites and people want to learn to do new things with old gear... Thinking out side the box! Keep having fun for I know you are having fun (I think)!
Can you imagine cloud Q-bit processing on a 5G network guided by Real A.I.. You asked for ideas, look into nuclear diamond battery or N.D.B. Also interesting would be a segment on 5G and new technologies that will be possible thanks to it's latency.
Well we're decades away from real AI. We haven't even scratched the surface on that one. Although media hype with claims of AI tech would make you think otherwise.
Would the design be the same for all quantum qubits since its so precious, this is perfect for langsatie holmium time crystals that hold up and can do the spin thing you talk of
MIT Technology Review recently had an article titled "Quantum computing has a hype problem". As far as I can see, we are still at the exploratory stage. I have no idea whether it would move beyond a curiosity, to producing something useful, a genuine "killer app". Even if one can expand the number of physical qubits dramatically, there's a question on whether error correction can outrun the noise, esp. when dealing with a large number of entangled qubits. Quantum computing relies on two fundamental properties of quantum mechanics: (1) superposition, (2) entanglement. This could just reflect my ignorance. But the superposition strikes me as almost like an analog problem. And along with this, all the problems that come with analog systems, such as calibration (e.g. the control pulse for setting the superposition state). The other is entanglement. As mentioned in the video, you have to have interconnects between the qubits, to enable this. How would you manage this for a million qubits? What are the effects from different distances, and geometries?
Forget about a million qubits,just to make this work well with 300 would be awesome if they can do it in the next 30 years and that is very optimistic....50 to 75 years is more realistic if ever...
As for calibration, that shouldn't be the biggest problem. Take a look at LIGO/VIRGO to get an idea of the calibration-capacity Humankind has developed. Decoherence of a million-qubit entanglement is by far the bigger problem. From true experts in the field, I would like to hear their opinion on the feasibility of this?
I feel like a lot of the hype about supposed civilian uses is just a cover story to get people to support this ultimate weapon against privacy and freedom.
It's got a massive hype problem. No one seems to understand the purpose of these things, they all spout rubbish about being able to game with them at home 🙄 It's just as bad with companies that tout AI technology. Like AI? Really? NO. I think this stuff should be regulated. How can you claim something is AI when we have nothing even close to a functional AI. We have some impressive learning algorithms. But none of them are even capable of real learning. It drives mew nuts how much stuff gets hyped.
I am curious about how this will affect regular human life. Probably we will be doing completely different things in completely different ways. I also wonder what office chair you have? It looks nice!
I have a video idea for you. You can make a video for making your own chips. You can make a series of videos for people who want to build cpu architecture from nothing to the finished product.
Anastasi! Wonderful technical video! Excellent content! OBTW, has anyone mentioned today that you are incredibly cute and adorable? (Yes, you are very intellectually talented as well.) Cheers from Texas! 🤠
Seems like laser cooling would be the way to go if you want a compact quantum chip. Of course, if and when this kind of technology is realized, a lot of modern cryptography will be obsolete. Not sure how I feel about that.
@@ericvosselmans5657 Asymmetric algorithms that depend on factoring large prime numbers are what is broken by Shor's algorithm. In other words, https. Symmetric algorithms like AES and ChaCha are ok, afaik.
Very good question. If you imagine asking a normal computer to guess an 8 bit number, it would have to try each one in turn (so 2 to the power 8=256 comparisons). A quantum computer can have each combination of bits tested at the same time since they're superposed. One operation. The power of this doubles with each extra bit. If it were 256 bit, you could ask it to guess the private key for a bitcoin wallet. That is completely infeasible with classical computing. As an electronics engineer who has designed computers, the power of a million bit quantum computer boggles my mind. I feel like a blacksmith would in a silicon fab.
Important message is no.3 below, 1. A fridge in 4 Kelvin is also called a fridge?🤔 Putting me inside of it then I immediately become a stone.😆😅 2. By the time he can create a hand-held quantum computer in our hand, Dr. Stefano may be about to time to retire, I guess.😅 So many challenges ahead, but he must be enjoying it. 3. This leads me thinking of an article of a journal I read almost… no, exactly 20 years ago when I was a university student. A female Danish physicist called Lene Hau in Harvard experimented light alighted into sodium atom cloud, by which made the light slowed down to 17 meters per second, and completely stopped afterwards. I also went to Harvard and met a graduate discussing a bit, just a bit, about it around 5 years ago. This led me to think about how a computer can progress in the future. Although these two discoveries look unrelated, but I think these two discoveries can integrate together to develop an commercial advanced technology or computer. I just rechecked this physicist online and Wikipedia, she also had some articles about quantum computing and qubit. I’m sure Dr. Stefano definitely know this physicist as well, maybe you can discuss something about that with him. I think something high-tech similar with the movie inside Star Trek will become true in the future. My work is unrelated to these high-tech for now, otherwise, I do like to research these fields as well.
Breeding microscopic cats to achieve a quantum computer that only needs to be powered by sun beams shining on a hardwood floor, would be a fun sci-fi fiction.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
Let me know what you think! :)
Just had a friend tell me he’s working on qubits. I’m excited to watch!
we think you are as beautiful as your input from these amazing videos :D
I love your videos, they are very well made and it is refreshing to see a woman in tech. Keep it up!
Anastasi can you please do a video about the new Tenstorrent Risc V cpus.
Very interesting video by the way!
i like new style of your videos !
Scaling up to a 1-million qubit quantum computer is already extremely hard from an engineering point of view, as this video nicely illustrates. However, getting those 1 million qubits entangled, and more importantly: keeping them entangled long enough to perform meaningful calculations, that is a challenge of an entirely different magnitude. Sadly, most informational videos on quantum-computing fail to properly address this enormous elephant in the quantum room.
Aka Schroedinger's Elephant.
@menno Knol How long do you think it will take for a practical Quantum Computer to be built ? Is 'never' a real option, because of the entanglement issues?
If man was mean to quantum compute, it would have happened already! Everything that can be invented has been invented... (sarcasm)
@@ericvosselmans5657 I won't claim to be an expert on the matter in any way. That is one of the reasons I would like to see more videos addressing the decoherence problem for large scale quantum computers. But based on what I think I understand about the subject, I would reckon it will take longer then most of the popular media would like us to believe. Quite a bit longer. A bit like with practical fusion energy.
The enormous elephant is the unescapable truth that quantum theory is but a model of reality. That we can all agree. My point being is that these unusual behaviours such as superposition are not laws of nature but just peculiarities of the mathematical model on which the theory is based. Need I say more?
I could listen to you talk forever. Quality content delivered by the sweetest voice and accent in the history of ever
Super exciting as always to hear about the cutting edge. Very well done on this video Anastasi.
This video explains such a complex topic in so simple way. This is by far the best quantum computer video i've ever seen. Thank you Anastasiia for your work.
I’m not gonna lie.. trying to comprehend how these electrons spins are controlled and used for computing and can maintain multiple different states at one time.. makes my brain kinda melt.. but it is absolutely fascinating stuff to see that people are making it work. To imagine they can get this scaled down into home or handheld devices in the next.. idk, 50 years? Is just amazing to contemplate what they will be able to achieve
Hi Anastasia! I just wanted to let you know that this is the most informative and well put together video that I have seen on Quantum Computing. Simply fascinating and refreshing. Also your voice and accent are absolutely amazing. Such a unique blend of culture emanating in a harmonious and pleasing tone. I could listen to you talk ALL DAY. Thank you for inspiring me! Also thank you to Dr. Stefano Pellerano for breaking this cmplicated concept down into a digestible and comprehendible format. Bless you.
Yeah...she is computer engineer and yet at the same time very feminine individual! You do not see that often!
Thanks!
Thank you!
Always fascinating info here.. thanks for what you do to expose us all to this incredible tech! And great to see you being to get amazing guests to help explain some of these things
Thanks for this interesting interview. The algorithms of quantum computers are not easy to imagine due to we are not used to it. The power of this kind of computer is the capability to entangle qubits (to link all their qubits capacity to each other by linear relations) and to keep it away from the classical projection of our univer until quantum computing is completed. When one of the qubit is read, then it determines the state of all the other then we cannot add any other operation to the compute but we have to read all the final state that gave us the solution of the complex operations applied to the qbits system. Each quantum operation can be seen as causality between qubits and it is done into a kind of isolate univer from us that is why we say that it is zero and one at the same time but in reality the value of the isolate qbit are not defined at all for our univer until we touch (read) the qbits ;).
Your voice is so amazing I just can't stand it. If all my teachers in high school had your voice I would have listened to every single thing they said and aced the classes lmao
You're always a pleasure to watch and listen to.
Keep up the great work :)
I love seeing your enthusiasm and mastery of the subject matter
Yet again, another informative and beautifully produced introduction to a very complex and very interesting topic even for laymen like myself. Your thorough engaging manner in explaining these issues, and in this case bringing us another equally interesting and talented speaker who really knows this subject and can articulate it so well makes it all the more worthwhile. Looking forward to your next. Cheers.
HIS subject?
@@spacetimeworm typo...should have read "this"...definitely not 'his'. Thanks for catching that. Cheers.
Are you just his nice or are ya simpin brah?
@@trusterzero6399Busted! She is simp worthy in the extreme, in my opinion, though having an interest in computer techs for as long as I can remember...which is long enough to remember when computers were room sized...I've always tried to stay current on the tech and have watched a lot of boring (and not nearly as visually appealing) experts try to explain what is new, and what it means, but few of them put it all together as well. Her grammar and syntax are impeccable, her use of language, including her accent which reminds me of of my Italian family, makes listening a joy. My niceness is exceeded only by my verbosity. Cheers.
Shes not going to date you. No woman is ever worth simping over. You sub human.
And in your video, these parallelepipedic components can be seen at minute 11:43
Wonderfully educational and entertaining as always! This channel really fills a niche for people who want to learn about advanced topics in a detailed yet approachable format.
Some requests:
1) please switch back to the original (or some other gentle) video transitions: the new effect starting from around January clashes with the serious theme and tone of your content. The glitchy or flashing video transition effect is very visually jarring; it breaks the flow of one's concentration :'(
2) please leave the informative visuals like graphs/diagrams/tables up for longer, instead of the looping promotional animations :)
Thanks for the really well made video. This was a random hit on yt for me and it was great. Guess I found another channel to add to my watchlist. Also, as a man trying to get in shape for some upcoming metal concerts, I am super jeallous of your hair :-D
🤣
Awww you have a cute cat, I want to cuddle it :( Oh and good video as always! Keep the good work up!
Small remark, for quantum computing you need Tangled qubits, not just separate millions... That's more complex to initiate, to keep them useful and stabile in tangled state. Just million doesn't help and doesn't solve anything.
P.s. possibly that's physically not possible Heisenberg uncertainty.
QC is over hyped
I love how you edit your video, nice 🙂👍
Using binary levels we can able to find that logic 1 for 5v and 0 for 0v(TTL).
THEN how do they find state of quibit? that means 0 or 1 or 01,10
Dr. Pellerano lives in my city! It's amazing to think someone as smart as him lives near me.
Super interesting Anastasi! I work on the field (on the superconducting side and algorithms) but I find the semiconductor approach to be very interesting.
Keep up the good work!
Great production very pro, 10 years from now will be interesting to see if ai has solved any of this,!!
You have a better chance if you live another 50 years...;)
Thank you for presenting this video. It is good to see how engineering will be used in 10, 20, 30 years into the future. Thank you.
I'm impressed! A million qubits! :O 120 qubits was too much for me until I saw this video. Thank you! I really love interviews, keep doing them Miss Engineer :D
Since the nineties of the last century... And the algorithms, the treatment system, has evolved into something that is difficult to understand. How?! This was done in the time of the earth! Today, life, technology, artificial intelligence... and the human being in this, and the information spread, but! This needs a school in society and a difference in what is now in the whole world - thank you..!
I enjoy your videos.
I always learn something interesting on your channel.
Keep up the good work!
Thank you for asking the right questions to the right people, keep up the great work, Kitty is super cute
Great content. Thank you Anastasi!
Your work is fascinating.
Very good info. Love your graphics.
With such a unique voice, I think you should consider hiring it out for voice overs in animations (in your spare time).
This seems to be more about storage capacity rather than processing architecture (actual computing). ?
Great explanation!
Lovely voice and narration. Perfect example for.future AI to impersonate.
Thank you for these videos. This information is very useful.
Have you looked into Photonic Quantum Computing?
AWESOME CONTENT!!
I don't understand most of what you teach us, but I'm really digging the steampunk vibe of these quantum computers. Feels like time travel is on its way.
Time travel is impossible in your life time at least.But who know maybe in 200 years!
@@joannewilson6577 Provided time even exists and isn't a consequence of gravity and entropy.
@@hateme5010 Among physicists, there is no real doubt that time does really, truly exist.
It's a measurable, observable phenomenon.
Physicists are just divided a bit on what causes this existence, and what it means to say that it exists.
@@hateme5010 One common misconception spread by an unclear discussion of the nature of relativity and other physics related to time is that time does not, in fact, exist at all.
This comes across in a number of areas that are commonly classified as pseudoscience or even mysticism.
@@hateme5010 Time is actually an integral part of the universe.
The very linear concept of time is tied into the concept of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which is seen by many physicists as one of the most important laws in all of physics!
Without time as a real property of the universe, the Second Law becomes meaningless.
Another fantastic video. Thanks A!
Thanks for the explation
I think developing quantum computing is like the chicken/egg paradox in reverse. Quantum mechanics is about the probability of finding the quantum twin of an electron in any one place. If you can do that with enough accuracy, you can harness quantum mechanics to perform quantum computations. But to do that you would need a quantum computer.
learning a lot, and enjoying your humour.
a tiny wish regarding names. the people's names are okay, but the companies are sometimes very shortly visible.
A complex matter superb presented. Concise and contemporary. Quantum dots are a fascinating development. Quantum computing will likely improve itself and then provide solutions for a room temperature quantum computer.
The real challenge is implementing the entanglement gates (or two-qubit gates). Since science journalists only want a single number, they latch onto the number of qubits while ignoring everything else. I do not think cryptography will be broken in the next thirty years.
The technology is very exciting!
another briliiant video Thanks for the upload!!!!!! :)
If most operations are yes or no, what is the practical application of a system that can be both simultaneously?
(Perhaps I need to understand computing at a core level?)
Fascinating. do they have an actual working prototype of this Silicon quantum dot chip? I would imagine setting these bits with an RF transmission line could make cross talk a big problem no? I imagine if they are setting the Qbit state with an RF pulse then they also read the bit by measuring the RF Any specifications?
How are the qbits coupled or entangled?
Anastasi Just looking at all the RF Microwave plumbing its like Art Very Expensive Art but can I say Wonderful 👏
I have my own Microwave Test Equipment & that is massively expensive, I wouldn't guess how much that Copper Gold Microwave Quantum Computer costs, it's Government Research & very high end companies that could ever provide the funding, even Cryogenics to cool that is costly, I feel I am as curious as a Cat 🐈 in Electronics & Microwaves,
For your next maybe we could talk about actual programming of FPGAs ? Devices used etc,
Philip
We need topological (meaning in a in-unfoldable loop) qubit system on a chip (I'll name it TOQUSOC). This way, entanglement can be permanently preserved.
Nicely put.
Quantum computing in the home would be very nice.
In 100 years it will be awesome for sure but we will all be dead...;)
@@joannewilson6577 lol.
Way to be the optimist.
70 years. Hahahaha.
But with quantum tech in your phone, it will be both there and not there at the same time.
@@MrWitchblade So far, no one has scientifically proved that QC is impossible. So, the hunt for a QC is a meaningful hunt.
Some simple ones already have been build.
It is not yet certain that the promise of large scale quantum computing will even be realized; but many are hopeful that it will happen eventually.
A practical quantum computee might take 15 years or 50 years,many country are in the process of designing a 100 qubit machine.
Technological revolutions of this magnitude have many odds to go over.
Let us not forget how many years it took for the traditional computer to come up.
@@MrWitchblade There may be any number of technological roadblocks ahead that simply haven't been accounted for. Taken together, these considerations would place us to somewhere around 50 years at the minimum.
Of course, the caveat is that the possibility of achieving scalable universal quantum computing still needs to be proven.
In that case, we might make an analogous prediction borrowed from nuclear fusion reactor research; scalable universal quantum computing is ten years away and always will be….
The bottom line is that we really are still at the beginning of a promising new technology with no clear or obvious path to achieving both a robust and scalable architecture.
@@joannewilson6577 temperature is the big problem currently. The ones which are sold are all minus 256 °c
Not practical for everyday home use.
It'll get there.
Thank you for your passion bring the knowlege about quantum technology status update
is quantum computing complex enough to lead to consdciousness?
At one point as you were discussing the potential for quantum computing, you were comparing the number of discrete states that the machine could achieve to the number of atoms or particles in our observable light cone. But, and please correct me if I am wrong here, we can only output by sampling over and over again from that large pool of states to look for the most dominant states. That is the processor could be in a super position across 10^100 states, but your sampling output might only sample 10^10 of them. So, from a informatics perspective, the limitation of quantum computers is not a function of the size of the PROBLEM SPACE they can compute IN, but rather of the size of the SOLUTION SPACE that they can output TO.
A main feature of infamous quantum computing algorithms is to find and highlight the one solution in a gigantic problem space that's otherwise supposed to be impossible to search within the limited size of the universe.
So outputting only the strongest value subset is all they need.
Optical vortices can create a void at the center. I don't know if they can create a vacuum, but it may be that we can use optical vortices as a means to produce localized vacuums around these qubit particles to meet cooling needs without all the equipment.
Great video, thanks for sharing!
Great Video, TYVM. You never fail to leave me excited for how this tech is going. Exciting Times :) cannot wait to see the fruits of this technology when mature
i think that is better vidoe i can watch in my live because im devlopper and i pruchated your work so thank you so much
Thank you. Me too, novice in this subject but like to learn more. Hope you could share in the next video on how silicon is able to achieve qbits? Is it by quantum spin?
Also how were these chips fabricated? By lithography too?
Yes, the fabrication process is the same as for traditional silicon chips
@@AnastasiInTech thank you
DWave also build quantum ship for years, what are the differences with Intel ?
If you was my teacher at school I would have never missed a class 😍
Me neither, but I wouldn’t have learned anything either….
Would it be best to build a mega Quantum Computer in Space since its very cold and quiet? (Once we Master Scalability.)
Great editing and solid content, it very far in the future for sure, what about the current CPU's a little closer to the ones people might use normally?
Wonder if the hardware could be simplified by operating in space, always in sun shadow, with far less power needed to maintain mK temperatures. This would be a relatively light payload & low cost to orbit, although cosmic rays would be a troubling background, perhaps suppressed with an anti coincidence shield. The main question to me is what problems can you solve that traditional architectures can not. There are clear opportunities to ensure a message has not been read, but what other applications are interesting or useful? Super video, thanks for sharing!
As it requires power, could a solar panel of some type be efficient enough to provide the necessary shade? I could see a comms issue due to maintaining an orbit which keeps the satellite on the dark side of the Earth. I'm no expert on solar panels, engineering, or the climates of space... but it seems like a panel with some type of solar shield/insulation could allow these systems to operate around the globe without need for avoiding the sun.
@@mattallred the mid infra red camera on the James Webb telescope operates at 7 Kelvin & is kept that cold by a cryocooler powered by solar I believe. Quantum computers need milli Kelvin, about 1000 times lower, but in principle your idea can probably be made to work.
How much computation would a million Qbits create? Like if they scale exponentially
Thank you for CAPTIONing! It's easy ( just turn it on) and autocart dies about 75-85% correct FOR FREE! I really appreciate your videos and being able to see( the cart) and hear you ! Wado Mvto
Id like to hear about all the theoretical/plausible application of time crystals including quantum entangled time crystals.
Innovation will take over now
Nice to meet you Cupid.
Wait one day it will fit in your pocket, anticipation, I see everything with Quantum computer's.
At 9:35 you have a picture of a CDC 6600 and you're referring to it as a Cray-1. The 6600 preceded the Cary-1 by about a decade.
Very nicely done, a uniquely pleasant way of presenting complex topics in easily digestible form. Although entangled electron spin strategies are the common current focus, it is the entangled photonic approach which may eventually become the prolific arena of development. There are many (myself included) who see optical computing as the eventual manifestation of the next great paradigm in computation, including optical neural networks, etc. Perhaps a program on this would be interesting?
I’m wondering how a megabit QC will help tell us if we’re alone in the universe?
(A simple bit of math seems instructive. If intelligent life like ours requires, say, FIVE events with a 1/10^4 probability - e.g. right star, right planet, right distance, needing gas giants in the outer system, needing a large moon for tidal pools, etc - then the odds of intelligent life are 1/10^20. There are only about 10^11 stars in the galaxy, so the odds are good that we’re alone.)
Imho, the problem with Quantum computing is fundamental physics, making it's relevant in very limited field of use. It's best use in solving quantum level problems, and it's going to be of limited use in classical world we operate.
Room temperature superconductors seem to be the key to unlocking many different problems in technology today. Superconducting magnets for fusion reactors and radiation shields in space to quantum computing and desalination and so much more.
It is not only about where WE(as US) are in this quantum computer hardware research, but also, at what stage are other nations(if they are any).....like for example Canada and China/Baidu Co. or OQCT and Huawei and others.....I would like to hear/see some comparisons of at what stage everybody else is and if there are other nations working on a future of computing (like Singapore atc.)
I'm not particularly sure about using size and hardware comparisons between early binary computers and qubit computers when it comes to scaling. The two are completely different processes that work differently on a fundamental level. Introducing this method might shrink it a little bit, maybe at best to a bulky desktop size in a distant future, but the fact of the matter remains that it requires things far above and beyond even what the most sophisticated binary supercomputer needs hence why scaling it down to a compact phone-size level is unfeasible with current or even foreseeable future technologies.
Room temperature superconductors is the thing holding everything back. The same reason Fusion is so difficult to create among many other extremely complex technologies. And room temperature superconductors only exist in theory but not in the universe (at least in a solid, tangible form that could have practical application) hence why massive, bulky freezers among other things are required to achieve near absolute zero conductivity/superconductivity and that is something classical computing does not require, which allowed it to shrink and shrink as they only had to make transistor manufacturing smaller/more efficient, you can't do that with a quantum computer. It's not the actual process, it's the lack of superconductivity and there's no way around it when it comes to scaling. You can't eliminate or bypass laws of thermodynamics which is the main factor that makes it be so massive and bulky whereas for binary computing the bulk just came because of lack of infratructure and transistor/silicon manufacturing streamlining, but they knew how it works and what exactly to build and plan for. The reason it took so much time to shrink it wasn't because they didn't know, but because it takes that long to get the industry for it built as on a fundamental level there is no difference between a modern CPU and one from the 70's, whereas for qubit computers streamlining it requires technologies we haven't even discovered or conceived of yet.
I understand he is trying to imply that eventually we might and will have the technology, but comparing it to how a binary computer evolved is not really applicable in this context. Despite both of them being computers, they are totally apples to oranges. What works for one doesn't work for the other.
That's really my only gripe about it. Otherwise - excellent content as usual! Keep up the good work
The next 50 years will indeed be very interesting the only sad part about it all is I won't be around to see it.
love your content
Nice video, would you be covering a video on MEMS too including radiation hardened packages for MEMS Thank you
I think quantum computing for commercial application will only be achieved thru something similar but not exactly quantum dots.perhaps we shall need to research new material and how different materials could achieve a qubit in different ways .we could simulate -1 ,0,1 state where 0 is similar to a stationary wave by use of different ideas like reflection or spin of atoms with in a new material not necessarily silicone.but that is just a thought?????.
Quantum photonics chip? Is possible?
May you can do a video on how to reuse older chip-sets for new roles. I spend a lot of time showing people how you can take older IT systems and give them new roles in today world. Just a thought! We today can get our hands on pretty high end hardware that is being sold on Ebay like sites and people want to learn to do new things with old gear... Thinking out side the box! Keep having fun for I know you are having fun (I think)!
I think your videos are excellent. Would you like to do an updated video on Bitcoin mining ASICs?
Brain to Brain,interface,presente and futuro.Is a good topic,for a video.
Can you imagine cloud Q-bit processing on a 5G network guided by Real A.I.. You asked for ideas, look into nuclear diamond battery or N.D.B. Also interesting would be a segment on 5G and new technologies that will be possible thanks to it's latency.
Well we're decades away from real AI. We haven't even scratched the surface on that one. Although media hype with claims of AI tech would make you think otherwise.
Parallel Quantum Computing, via superposition is the area that intrigues me.
ive found your channel by acciedent.... damn your voice is lovely
Would the design be the same for all quantum qubits since its so precious, this is perfect for langsatie holmium time crystals that hold up and can do the spin thing you talk of
what happened to tristate logic that I published in 1994 ?
MIT Technology Review recently had an article titled "Quantum computing has a hype problem". As far as I can see, we are still at the exploratory stage. I have no idea whether it would move beyond a curiosity, to producing something useful, a genuine "killer app".
Even if one can expand the number of physical qubits dramatically, there's a question on whether error correction can outrun the noise, esp. when dealing with a large number of entangled qubits.
Quantum computing relies on two fundamental properties of quantum mechanics: (1) superposition, (2) entanglement.
This could just reflect my ignorance. But the superposition strikes me as almost like an analog problem. And along with this, all the problems that come with analog systems, such as calibration (e.g. the control pulse for setting the superposition state).
The other is entanglement. As mentioned in the video, you have to have interconnects between the qubits, to enable this. How would you manage this for a million qubits? What are the effects from different distances, and geometries?
Forget about a million qubits,just to make this work well with 300 would be awesome if they can do it in the next 30 years and that is very optimistic....50 to 75 years is more realistic if ever...
As for calibration, that shouldn't be the biggest problem. Take a look at LIGO/VIRGO to get an idea of the calibration-capacity Humankind has developed.
Decoherence of a million-qubit entanglement is by far the bigger problem. From true experts in the field, I would like to hear their opinion on the feasibility of this?
I feel like a lot of the hype about supposed civilian uses is just a cover story to get people to support this ultimate weapon against privacy and freedom.
@@johndododoe1411 I feel like you're a tad paranoid.
It's got a massive hype problem. No one seems to understand the purpose of these things, they all spout rubbish about being able to game with them at home 🙄
It's just as bad with companies that tout AI technology. Like AI? Really? NO. I think this stuff should be regulated. How can you claim something is AI when we have nothing even close to a functional AI. We have some impressive learning algorithms. But none of them are even capable of real learning. It drives mew nuts how much stuff gets hyped.
Great, thank you!
I'll listen to whatever cuty wishes to discuss.😘
Q: The music you play at the end of your is ? FYI I love your videos !
I am curious about how this will affect regular human life. Probably we will be doing completely different things in completely different ways. I also wonder what office chair you have? It looks nice!
I have a video idea for you. You can make a video for making your own chips. You can make a series of videos for people who want to build cpu architecture from nothing to the finished product.
Anastasi! Wonderful technical video! Excellent content! OBTW, has anyone mentioned today that you are incredibly cute and adorable? (Yes, you are very intellectually talented as well.) Cheers from Texas! 🤠
Seems like laser cooling would be the way to go if you want a compact quantum chip. Of course, if and when this kind of technology is realized, a lot of modern cryptography will be obsolete. Not sure how I feel about that.
No it won't. There have already been developed, quantum-computer-proof cryptographic schemes. 20 years ago already I thought .
@@ericvosselmans5657 Asymmetric algorithms that depend on factoring large prime numbers are what is broken by Shor's algorithm. In other words, https. Symmetric algorithms like AES and ChaCha are ok, afaik.
Can anyone explain for me why a qbit's ability to maintain two states simultaneously makes it far more powerful than a standard logic memory bit?
@@manuhernz4431 That's just word salad. Why do you think that increase happens?
Very good question. If you imagine asking a normal computer to guess an 8 bit number, it would have to try each one in turn (so 2 to the power 8=256 comparisons). A quantum computer can have each combination of bits tested at the same time since they're superposed. One operation. The power of this doubles with each extra bit. If it were 256 bit, you could ask it to guess the private key for a bitcoin wallet. That is completely infeasible with classical computing.
As an electronics engineer who has designed computers, the power of a million bit quantum computer boggles my mind. I feel like a blacksmith would in a silicon fab.
Important message is no.3 below,
1. A fridge in 4 Kelvin is also called a fridge?🤔 Putting me inside of it then I immediately become a stone.😆😅
2. By the time he can create a hand-held quantum computer in our hand, Dr. Stefano may be about to time to retire, I guess.😅 So many challenges ahead, but he must be enjoying it.
3. This leads me thinking of an article of a journal I read almost… no, exactly 20 years ago when I was a university student. A female Danish physicist called Lene Hau in Harvard experimented light alighted into sodium atom cloud, by which made the light slowed down to 17 meters per second, and completely stopped afterwards. I also went to Harvard and met a graduate discussing a bit, just a bit, about it around 5 years ago. This led me to think about how a computer can progress in the future. Although these two discoveries look unrelated, but I think these two discoveries can integrate together to develop an commercial advanced technology or computer. I just rechecked this physicist online and Wikipedia, she also had some articles about quantum computing and qubit. I’m sure Dr. Stefano definitely know this physicist as well, maybe you can discuss something about that with him. I think something high-tech similar with the movie inside Star Trek will become true in the future. My work is unrelated to these high-tech for now, otherwise, I do like to research these fields as well.
Thank you!
Breeding microscopic cats to achieve a quantum computer that only needs to be powered by sun beams shining on a hardwood floor, would be a fun sci-fi fiction.