Fixed and Collective Pitch Helicopters | Flite Test
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- Опубликовано: 6 мар 2016
- We purchased the Horizon Nano CP S and the 120 S BNF Helicopter's to show off the differences between fixed and collective pitch.
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This may be the best review I've seen in a LONG time! Easily. You guys show the reality of dealing with these small Blade helis.
Even with the troubles I'm happy to see you guys doing some more helicopter content.
Thank you for this episode. This is exactly my experience as well, went through a couple before deciding on a more consistent platform.
Another fun episode guys I really loved the fact that when you guys got these at the store they wasn't 100% it shows no matter what you guys would be flat out honest.I use to have a Blade BL Mcpx it did some decent sport flying like inverts and such but whenever I tried to get it to hard 3d moves like tick tocks and such it wouldn't work out no matter what I did? But the thing that really made it shine to me of how munch it could really take a beating and such I sold it to one of my buddy's and really loves it.
The CPX/S usually cuts the motor out like that when too many amps are being pulled and the battery can't keep up such as when using a 25c battery with a high motor load. The most likely reason that might happen post crash is something binding at the motor or the swash plate. The rotor head should spin freely and easily by hand. Sometimes the motor or the pinion gets knocked out of wack and the gears mesh too tight which ups the effort required by the motor to spin it a lot and causes the brown outs you experienced. You also need to balance your blades, it's really vibrating up a storm.
Great, finally some more heli episodes :) good job flitetest, my viggen is coming alone nice :)
The nano is actually a beast... I've had mine for 3 years and still runs great. Takes crashes like a champ.
Thanks for doing this guys, I voted in the year-end survey to do a helicopter episode so others can thank/blame me :)
I'm disappointed with the results - especially since I'm looking to purchase my first collective-pitch heli. If you get the issues sorted out please give us an update!
Finally more heli stuff! :D
my dad had the cpx version years ago. I just got the cps and its working just fine, I love the thing and will be getting the cpx brush less mod and reconnecting it to the cps for better power.
Enjoyed the video despite the problems. As a beginner you really need something that will survive many crashes as this is part of the learning and with the larger heli's it will become expensive and disheartening. The Blade Nano CPS is really ideal to start and it will grow with your learning experience. It does need a couple of easy upgrades, first is the swash plate, the plastic oem needs to go and the main shaft replaced by a steel one. I chose the Lynx swash and titanium shaft. The Nano then flies really well and is very durable. It may go into a weird mode following a crash where the elevator servo stops working and the swash is fully forward, the fix is to remove the servo connector from the main board turn on the heli and then off, reconnect the servo and turn on again and it should be fixed.
the 1s lipos do extremely bad in cold weather which is probably why you were not getting much power and why the one heli was cutting off when you were outside
Quad?
+Kflyer sorry typo:D fixed it
+RCflyer729 I can attest to this. Indoors I can get 2:30 to 3:00 of 3D with the Nano CPS, but outdoors when it's 30 or 40 degrees I barely get 30 seconds with the same battery.
+KpilotRCHelis yea kinda a shame they already did there review since these are probably great little helis
+RCflyer729 Yep I love the Nano CPS. look at the video I made on my channel, it's a great helicopter.
Blade already answered the question of, "What's the perfect first heli that I can learn on and grow with?" It's called the Blade 230S and it was available in 2015 almost a year before this video was made. Great heli.
Maybe the "oh crap" switch crapped out?
What about Co-axial (i know how it works) but i'd likt to know how it compares to the others? You know.. cons and pros advantages and disadvantages
You might give the 230 s a try I would get the RTF or bind it to the DX9 I have a lot of fun with mine.
and thank you for doing helis your the best keep it up!!
Would love to see more of Peters Capybara! If possible some detail about build techniques. Huge fan of you guys and all you do for the hobby and community! Thanks!
I've had lots of Blade helis and I have had mixed results. Some are great and some I never seemed to get going right. They're still great to learn on and the higher priced ones are awesome.
Maybe it's time for a update video as to who's still working there, how much control has the mother company assumed, how long will you remain at that location, what's the future of the expansion of your online store?
+Sailor john Great idea mate. ;-)
what kind of stick ends are those on the transmitter? I am having a hard time finding stick ends that help me get a better grip of the controls
Finally its here, a Flite Test video about helicopters!
+Sean Duffy And they have no idea what they are doing! Then give helis bad reviews because of that. LOL
Haha to be fair I'm going to have no idea what I'm doing if I buy my first heli, so that suits me just fine!
I wanted to ask you opinion of the Assault Reaper 500. Your video on collective pitch reminded me. It's very similar to the Stingray 500. I have flown for a little bit now (Close to 8 yrs starting with tiny fixed pitch helis) and I want to get something that I can really do something with. Also how in the world do the controls work for collective pitch machines and is the transmitter thats included with the reaper 500 a good one or no?
They should entertain the thought of bringing in a heli expert local to the area that could really show off the heli side of things. The helicopter side of the hobby is an interesting beast to tame. Just because it's hard doesn't mean it's worthless. It's a challenge but can be rewarding in the end trying new stuff.
I have a nano cps and I love it.I had the problem with the swashplate and I replaced it now it works fine.
One thing to note about the Nano CPS is if you crash the main gear can slip down on the shaft and it will make it fly bad because the main shaft is able to move up and down. You have to push the head down and push on the main gear (to make them closer to the frame) so the shaft can't move.
KpilotRCHelis yup. i was looking on the cps to see if the main gear slipped down. everytime i crash my mcpx its either that, the swash arms, landing gear or tail boom that pop off or break. but always an easy fix
Never have had a problem with my CPs, Bought the RTF, because I got it at the BNF price... The controller "IS" a bit twitchy, but bound to my DX6 it is perfect for in house flying, it will hover in one spot perfect all day long "if you know what your doing" and land on a dime... Best "stress free" flying heli, I have ever owned out of about 10 heli's...
Finally Flite test is talking about helicopters again!
Hey FliteTest is that an EDF model of some description of a RoKAF T-50B Golden Eagle from the "Black Eagles" behind Josh at around 8:30 mark? Just curious.
Thks for sharing Guys!
Is there a good chopper where I can change to either mode/customize controls?
what did you guys do to fix it because i have a heli doing the same exact thing
where do u get ur transmitters im trying to make a RC Harrier (my first build! ((on the planes))
Can you do a video on how to set blade tracking with collective pitch?
I love my CPS so far I've crashed it many times practicing 3D and have yet to replace a part. I haven't even had a linkage pop off. Not sure why yours was giving you so many issues. :(
Good video!
I started RC flying on a KDS 450 first 20 flights have just been crashes. After I bought Realflight things went better. But i then found you on RUclips and now i build your foam planes out of 6mm depron, because i couldn`t find 5mm foam here in Germany. I`m relly looking forward flying my 450 properly one time in the future ... :)
Would love to see a race between a heli and a quad!
i go to Aero Tech way too much for rc trucks i lately decided that I want to get a plane they said that the hobbyzone cub is a good choice what do you think
the heli must be still when plugging in the bat. I always connect the pattery with the heli on a flat surface and when the gyro i all set then i insert the battery into the heli.
anyone know is it easier or more difficult to fly quadcopter since ive only flow helicopters and want to try quadcopter but am not sure if its more difficult or the same
So I have the CPS and a dx6i. The set up in the manual doesn't seem to work for me. When ever I switch the f mode into mode 1, stunt mode, the pitch and throttle go to 100% regardless of where the left stick is. I only have some control over the tail. The full throttle is set so in the throttle curve but the pitch is set standard 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 curve. What would cause it to go full pitch when I flip the f mode switch from 0 to 1?
+Andre K
Don't use the manual settings. I hate them. For normal mode, do 0-80-80-80-80. For stunt mode use 100-100-100-100-100. Pitch curves are ALL 0-25-50-75-100.
KpilotRCHelis I just don’t understand what I have wrong. The pitch curve is 0 25 50 75 100 for all the modes. The throttle curves are 0 and the 85 85 85 85. I don’t have any problems with normal, stability mode. The issue is when I flip the f mode switch to position 1, agility mode. The throttle curve is 100 flat and the pitch is the same as normal, but I don’t have any control over pitch?
When I switch into agility with the gyro in position 0 nothing happens but the led goes red. Then when the throttle goes passed 50% the heli goes full throttle and pull pitch. It’s like an on off switch. When the gyro is in position 1 while in agility mode the heli goes full throttle with full pitch and the led is blue, no control over the left stick.
It’s been over a week now and I still have not been able to fly this helicopter how I want to. Horizon hobby customer service is a joke, waited over 2 hours on hold for two days back to back with no success.
I have a WLToys PowerStar2 V977, it works great out of the box and I really like it. Very powerful and fast, my only problem is that I don't know how to fly it yet.
+FranBunnyFFXII YES! great brushless 3d heli i recomend all day
+FranBunnyFFXII I have the earlier V922 I believe and that was really nice for only $100 rtf, was looking at getting the power star too but then I got XK 120 instead which I recommend if you're looking for another heli for all the reasons of the power star BUT the XK practically has a self stable mode which might help you out if you're learning the things :)
+squarerootof9001 Why would I buy another heli? I already have one silly.
I just need a place to fly it. The V977 is a very nice helicopter and I can hover it inside my apartment. But my apartment is too small to fly in. I need an open space.
Because you're a heli hoarder like I am, fair enough though save your money, and good stuff, If you can hover, you can prevent crashing so you're good to go!
+squarerootof9001
The V977 has too. It's called 6G-Mode. If turned on the V977 is like a FP Helicopter. It autolevels itself and you only can apply positve pitch. And there is much of power for 3D because of the brushless motor.
Finally a copper review. : ) How about a SAB Heli next. Those Goblins seem to be on top of their game. Would be neat to see you guys review it. Although I don't own one (not yet any way), seeing their eye for precision has put them on my radar. Since you guys have a huge following maybe they can send a Goblin for a Filtetest. :)
i got a 120 s and i hit it against a wall not too fast and it killed the forward and reverse servo and i was trying to fix it and the arm that hooks to the servo and the swashplate flew off and i lost it
Hey. Where can I get some of them blue sticks on the DX8??
You always had your next great build in the background as a teaser, all I saw was a giant nutball and the bigT28.
Didnt you do an episode on this in an old warehouse a year+ ago? Still nice to see :)
+( ͡° ͜ʖ͡°) Zevi Rubin They did one on the heli path very similar with the two Josh's.
Mine does the twitching with the tail even in warm weather. What's the deal with that?
why are you guys not doing the World Drone Prix or the Drone Racing League?
been flying the CP s for months now, i have been pretty ginger with it, it has its bugs, has a wierd tail wag/glitch with rudder and everything I read others have that too, I couldn't bind mine to my dx6i without having another copter like the nano QX in bind mode, nothing I tried other then that would get it to bind to my new dsmx dx6i. it's had many many flights on it, no 3d and very minimal crashes, the main drive shaft would move down on a ligj crash and you have to push the plastic spacer below the rotor head down. I've had the as3x board come out of its gromits after a crash resulting in some symptoms like Josh was having, symptoms went away after the vibration balls were reseated. after 100 flights or so I have broken landing gear and that's about it, so time for a new frame. great thing is kids with a little quad experience can fly this, bad thing is they don't know to hit throttle cut right as you crash to avoid more damage. the CP s picked up more damage from non careful flyers, but its going to break at some point, I've love flying this thing
I have a nano which I've had for a few years which I haven't had any problems with that were'nt caused by my bad flying. I did have another blade chopper which had wobble similar to Alex's but it had a weight that slid up and down the tail shaft to adjust balance. It wasn't the same chopper though, so tail weight may or may not be the issue with the wobble.
I had a CPS nano and it vibrated horribly out of the box, I tried everything to fix it and could hardly hover it due to the vibration. Ended up returning it a couple days later.
How do you control forward backward left right movement if the pitch is fixed? I cant find a definitive answer. I see half a swash plate on the fixed pitch, is there still cyclic input??? Im confused...
forward backward left right movement is controlled with the RH stick (Elevator and Aileron), LH stick is Throttle and Rudder.
Did you fix the tail wag as mine is exactly the same very annoying.
That tail wag looks like a gain issue. I have a SR 120, and gyro gains are set on channel 5.
+Ace12GA those are not gyro gains.. those are like dual rates.. in high mode the servos move more giving more angle to the head meaning more movement.. same with the tail rotor.. it allows for fasterTR spin (more yaw)
@@sparrowlt So this so called waggle occurs in beginner and intermediate mode, I've not flown the heli in advanced mode yet since I am just getting into mastering hovering, and some slow forward and side ways flights to get used to the helis orientation ! I've tried tightening the blades ( not to tight ) and it does somewhat reduce the waggle.
I forgot to ask, my UDI tail rotor works sometimes & sometimes it doesn't, why is this? It happens after I'm in the air, which makes it very hard to fly or even land it, I'm a super beginner. Please help, I do have experience in flying R/C wings, sailplanes, also I fly hang gliders, so i understand flight characteristics.
I like both!
4:28 - the blades are way out of track! maybe one of the reasons why its vibrating :) @FliteTest
The nano cp is fun, I put the brushless motor kit in it, but after 3 main boards failed I boxed it, I have a Naz32 in a 250 quad that has had way more abuse and over 40hrs flight time and it still works, I can't figure it out.
I have always wanted to fly a large scale (450 size or bigger) heli... but I want one that flies like a quad... has auto level and mode switch to go into acro mode... etc. I love the sound of these Helicopters blades. Anyone know of a large scale Heli that has auto level? or is it even possible to put something like a cc3d flight controller on a heli? I tried a 3d 450 falcon once and could never manage to fly it more than 30 seconds without crashing.
I would like to see a video of you guys compareing the Inductrix and the Nano Qx you guy's have videos with both and talk highly of both, and you have both available in your store but which is better.
make sure both blades are equally tight(but stil kinda loose) that solved my wobble problem that looks just like your wobble, some of the blade roots are different thickness, i even had to sand one of mine so it wasnt so tight in the blade grip 😀
Thanks guys, but please more heli flight videos we watch and buy from your store also.
yeah..... its a Horizon product!! that has been my experience with the brand so far... especially heli's!
HIGHLY recommend Wltoys v977 for a first CP heli, 100$ rtf and i constantly crash it and its never stopped working... just a lot of hot glue and tape to keep the canopy in 1 peace
+teamSAF bmx Agree 100%, and the V977 is my first helicopter ever. I followed the advice of another YT vlogger, and taped the inside of the canopy with Scotch Extreme Tape 8959-RD, and my V977's canopy has held up really well so far with no cracks, and I have had some big crashes. In fact, my latest one knocked the little brass pinion off the motor spindle.
Been flying a v977 for 6 months and a 500x for 3 months. I'm at that point where I can do light 3d confidently but want a small chopper that does more advance 3d stuff as the v977 does not hold it's tail very well. Would you guys recommend the 180cfx or the new 130s?
that's pretty crazy that they both had issues. I've seen cold weather and water do crazy stuff to the boards, but that cp thing popping off was just bad. Good thing HorizonHobby has TOP notch customer service and warranty :)
+Adam Demas The nano had no issues until they wrecked the mainboard by running it when wet with melted snow -or flying it in cold so the batt cannot make enough power, or flying it with blades terribly out of balance or not tracking properly because they have no clue what they are doing!
Is it normal to wobble so bad out of the box? Is it fixable or you return it? I want to get into flying so I'm gathering all the info I can. Thanks!
The reason that 120 was wobbling so bad was because the blades were out of track. Honestly the guys at FliteTest should of picked up on that with as much experience they have in the hobby, but I know helicopters aren't their bread and butter, fixed wing is. When you start to get a wobble in a small heli like that whether due to resonance or because your blades are out of track, etc., especially if you have no boom stabilizer installed the tail can really start to hunt around and will start to get really wobbly in the air. Blade usually does a pretty good job with their stuff being set pretty well spot-on straight out of the box, but there's always the chance something can get messed up when you're buying a piece of equipment that's been mass produced; on top of that it probably got bumped around in their filming studio and who knows if they had any crashes before this video starts. All you need to do is track the blades and it'll stop that wobble immediately. Then if you have the money and one is available for whatever model you have a boom reinforcement kit is something that I'd always recommend. Although you don't normally run into the same tail support issues with small helicopters this size the higher up in size you go the more the tail is probably going to wobble around for one reason or another. If someone like Microheli or Rakon makes a boom stabilizer for your specific model I'd pick one up for no more expensive than they are, and how quick they are to install.
@@fubar5884 awesome advice. Thank you. I just purchased the blade nano s2 rtf (my 1st aircraft) have yet to fly it. I really want to work my way up to a pro heli. I'll be looking forward to more of your videos.
Does "out of track" mean to lose or to tightly attached to the rotor?
@@brettmccafferty7510 Oh awesome. The Nano S2 is great to start learning with. I have one myself that I eventually tricked out with MicroHeli's CNC'd aluminum/carbon fiber parts, and last Father's Day bought one for my elderly father to learn on and have fun with. It's a small helicopter that doesn't implode into multiple pieces if you crash it, and because it's not some luxury high-end model parts for it are dirt cheap, so if you do break something fixing it is never hard or expensive. I like it because its not fixed pitch like some of the lower-end micro size helicopters, but collective pitch. Because of its size and feature especially with SAFE it's a great starting platform, and you also have something you can still use once you graduate from the basics and to continue advancing your skills with. The thing will still do some pretty amazing 3D flying and do all sorts of trick flying. As for tracking, here's a RUclips video about it ruclips.net/video/OusH8XIfPx4/видео.html and there are tons of other videos out there about blade tracking and just about everything else. Also, this website here has some pretty great information, especially for beginners just starting out www.rchelicopterfun.com/blade-tracking.html The website design and layout leave something to be desired but if you can navigate that website there's loads of info. One thing I would advise picking up is a pitch gauge, either digital or analogue but I like the digital ones.
More helis please!!
I plan on getting a 200srx from blade, anyone had any issues apart from tail motors?
+X-FLIGHT101 It's only a problem if you put the tail rotor on backwards.
What is this song ? Thanks you !!
awesome video guys I liked it and I have a nano CP X at home. please can you review the blade zeyrok quad (when it comes out thanks) .
good video
I still have my nano cpx for almost 2 years now, fly it almost every week. I'm sure the nano cpx parts are compatible with the cpx version.
Unfortunately, this video is not a great representation of helis.... helis are never easy to get flying, however that's part of the fun.
I have a nano cps myself, and I can almost guarantee you that the problems they had with it was because of the cold weather combined with brand new batteries. If you know how to set it up, it flies great! Likewise the fixed pitch heli looks exactly like Alex has too high gain set in his radio (fast tail wag), not necessarily anything wrong with the mechanics at all.
I guess if you'd be upset about anything it would be that blade tries to convince people that helis "just work" in the same way that multirotors do, when that is in fact not the case. They are inherently complicated machines, but again that's part of their charm. Once they fly well, they'll do things no quad or plane will ever do :)
I'd love flitetest to do more episodes on helis, but they should REALLY bring in a pilot that can teach them about it, rather than pretend that they know what they're talking about... Much love to the flitetest crew (you're doing a great job, and you're in fact a big part of why I got into RC at all), but please be fair to those helis and the heli part of the hobby in general.
Blade doesn't make the greatest helis, and micros isn't the best flying size. But, they do in fact fly just fine if you set them up properly. The best thing you can do if you want to get into helis is probably finding a more experienced pilot to help you. There's a lot to learn, and quite a bit more complicated than planes in pretty much every way.... but once you have everything set up, flying helis is very rewarding!
Helis are almost the same in flying characteristics as a quad or multi rotor... The fly bared ones are. If your a beginner (like I was) it's really easy to train yourself to be gentle on the sticks and always keep your pitch at half. But all have there easy and hard moments. Doing stunts for helis and flying "FULL" fpv are the hardest parts. And remember when you crash it just gives you an excuse to buy upgrades😉
Knowledge of product and product catigory is a wonderful to share thank you for your time and consideration from another interested radio enthusiast
Best recommendation for a RTF at the 100 dollar price point?
Ive been flying a Wltoys V911 and V912 I like that little Nano CP thanks for the heads up.....SANTAAAAA
The same thing occurs with the Blade 120 S2, as suggested.by USMC RETIREE DELTA HOTEL, aka NIGHT FLYYER, tightening down on the main blade grips ( not to tight ) does somewhat reduces the wobbling effect.
The problem with the cutout of power was the brushed motor on the 120 S. I have one too and it led to lots of early crashes that didn't make sense. The helicopter would simply fall out of the sky. You have to fly for 4 minutes and wait for 5 minutes before flying again. Once you learn that, you can fly all day long.
so did you fixed collective pitch ? :)
Can I take a double bladed 'copter & make it into a single bladed 'copter? I have a UDI 12, I'd like to make into a single bladed 'copter.
Blade had a real experimental era from 2013-2017. Since 18 been a little better. They tried quadcopter gyros on helis, it works but took time.
I have the nano CP S but I use the dx8 all works fine for me
My Blade 120 sr doesn't have any tail wag. Weird that this one does!
Y'all should do a review on David's new mini tricopter
i've flown toy-grade RC helicopters most of my life. You can guess all were fixed-blade. there was 2 that were the easiest to fly and both had 2 large rotors for lift and direction and a horizontal tail rotor for forward and backward movement. There was a flat bug-looking helicoptor with 4 "legs" that came with a little helipad and there's the little stinger that i have right now, though the motor's old on the latter and doesn't have much power left in it and it can only manage a 1 foot hover at full throttle anymore.
Your helis are co-axial which are easy to fly. Once you step into single-set blade helis it gets a bit more challenging.
very good
My Nano CPX does random falling out of the sky aswell. If you turn off your wifi and your cellphones wifi, etc ,etc It improves. I guess its a problem with the spectrum radios they use.
It could be too cold for the gyro to work properly, hence the tail wag. Not sure where i read this, but seems to be an issue sometimes.
Was that a HUGE pile of waterproof foamboard I saw? We need a flying boat!
oh yes
I wish I had those planes they are realy cool
Never did explain how the fixed-pitch-rotor helicopter is able to pitch forward and back. Gyros? And can it roll at all?
+Chasmodius The cyclic controls (pitch/roll) are transferred to the rotor via the swashplate. The blades don't change pitch (collective) so power is adjusted via rotor speed.
Yes they can roll and go upside down but not for long and only do it if you have enough altitude to recover.
+zzodr Gotcha. I was confusing swashplate and collective.
I rebuilt my nano S3 and actually ended up getting a bad swashplate. So the thing does not fly very well at all when it ever does fly. Because the swash comes loose just like the one on that CPS was doing in this video.
First thing you hear when someone takes off at FliteTest:
Josh: HAHAHAHAAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
The tail waggle is very common in BLADE helis that use a tail rotor motor, though the only heli I've seen it to THAT degree on was the old BLADE SR. This is due to the fact that the tail motor can't spin up or down fast enough.
+VestedUTuber Very true, you see this on any heli with a motor driven tail but this one in particular was awful, I've only ever seen a waggle if you punch the throttle and the tail can't keep up but this one does it in a hover!
+VestedUTuber Did you try to adjust the gyro on your SR? That is the easiest way to fix tail wag on any helicopter. 95% tail wag is from a poorly adjusted gyro.
+flyingchimp99
I did, but the gyro gain potentiometer on that thing is super sensitive. 1/16th of a turn was the difference between waggle and uncontrolled spinning.
The SR had other design flaws, anyway. I eventually called it quits on that model and got an mSR and later on an mCPX before trying a non-micro heli again.
@@VestedUTuber Does the MSR or MSRX have gyros and can they be adjusted?
@@toddy2519
The mSR platform has a built-in heading-hold gyro in its all-in-one control board. The gyro gain can't be adjusted, but it's a LOT better dialed in from the factory than the SR ever was.
The mCPX is the same with this, although it does have an issue with tail wash-out when undergoing hard 3D aerobatic maneuvers. A longer tail boom seems to fix this.
I've got a similar battery problem when I was trying to fly modified Inductrix. I have build a small frame for FPV and replace motors with 7mm MMW. It flies nice with 300mAh 45c battery but do the same funny thing as on this video when I tried to fly with 150mAh or 200mAh battery. The smaller batteries probably just don't give enough current.
The tail wag could be due to too much gain. BTW I rarely ever break main rotor blades. Even in some of my worst crashes the main blades survived. Other things like the boom, the canopy, gears,linkages,tail rotor blades,broke but I have yet to ever break a main rotor blade.
Right on bro
can you make a A-10
the reason the mini cp heli was doing that was probably because it wasnt bound properly. they have to be completely flat. I had the same problem
4:28 Bent feathering shaft/spindle causing blades to not track properly. It ties the blade grips together. Take off the blades and turn the feathering shaft with the included nut driver and the blade grips will move up and down meaning it's bent. Should be zero movement when you spin it. Part # BLH3313 includes feathering shaft/spindle, bushings, and o-rings.