What is Enlightenment? (Immanuel Kant)
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- Опубликовано: 21 июл 2024
- www.tomrichey.net
In 1784, the Enlightenment had been going strong for decades, prompting Immanuel Kant to publish an essay attempting to clarify exactly what Enlightenment was and the goals of this powerful eighteenth century intellectual movement.
Kant defined Enlightenment primarily as the abandonment of nonage - a state of self-imposed intellectual immaturity. The enlightened individual is one who is capable of questioning prevailing beliefs and trusting their own understanding - especially in matters of religion. The essay does a brilliant job of briefly presenting the key values of the Enlightenment: freedom, nature, toleration, and a general optimism about the ability of human beings to shape their own lives in a free society.
Students in AP European History and Western Civilization courses should find this lecture helpful.
Thank you so much! I'm currently writing an essay about the Enlightenment and your breakdown of Kant is making it unmeasurably easier. We need more educators like you!!
Me too, today😂 and it’s due tomorrow
same and it's till the end of today cause procrastination :))
@@mahlatsimojela592 sameeee
Hello, I hope you're good good you share with me your essay about enlightenment and thanks. I'm undergraduate student and I'm studying about enlightenment.❤
Qqq@@mahlatsimojela592
I’m crying tears of joy right now. I have been having panic attacks and constant anxiety now that the end of the semester is culminating in holiday and financial stress. Your video brought me SO much relief because it’s so clear, understandable, and answers exactly a question i didn’t think it was possible to get an answer to (Kant’s reference to the imposed nonage of women “the entire fair sex.”
Your video and clear explanation has honestly helped me in unprecedented emotional and psychological ways. I came here to understand Kant’s Enlightenment a bit more and I walked away with that exact expectation fulfilled, as well as relief that I’m not entirely an idiot and people out there can explain these things to me. Thank you for the help on my paper!!!!!
I found Kant's essay on enlightenment both inspiring and surprising. It is one of my favourite essays. He really was an optimist and that is worth remembering today. He said it was not really that hard to learn to use your own mind; it can be done! How good is that to hear today? Yet it was written in the 1700s. I appreciate your explanation of nonage, a concept I missed in my reading of the essay. Thank-you for explaining that. I would enjoy attending your lectures on enlightenment.
This is the most well mannered comment section I’ve ever come across
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Pandemic and social contract theory
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@@ajayshukla42bhk48a lol
this dumb ass Moyd certainly can"t think. Pandemic? Says who? Evidence' ( the Tv). You are now a slave and will NEVER EVER be free again. Respond to this in three or four years and see if im not wrong. Nothing will have changed. The life you know befor this LIE is forever gone. Belive NOTHING the media, or the Universities say. This teacher is OK, but even he plays the master's game. Notice the lines people won't cross, or are afraid to cross. Whatever the media pushed is a lie designed to destroy you, especially if your white. The Suicide of the West does not hapen all at once by chance. One country may adopt liberal self hate, but not every single one of them. Trust only yiur senses and your instincts that have grown from those senses. I could write an hour longer on this. You're all suckers. You're all slaves. This teacher has to know this, the question is why he wong say it. He can't, hes a slave too. If he really spoke the truth, he woulnt be allowed to teach. Anyway stop beliven the obvious lie. This so called virus is a lie.
@@Richard-1776 don’t let a random comment on the internet get you so upset and take so much time out of your day.. just move and laugh on brother! 😊 hope you had a good day today
@@rameezpatel8784 well, if the whole world hadn't lost its mind, smart, dumb, rich, poor...All seem insane to me. The ONLY world "plague" today, exists in the mind, and it is the plague of suicidal stupidity (based on rejection of objective reality, an Aristotelian logic). It alarms me, when I, a life long flunkie, and thus ostensible dunce, has to take on the role of youtube Socrates.
Other than that I agree. I keep to myself, don't watch the news (leftist propaganda), stuff like that. I live in my own little world, but unlike most, I don't deny that a real world exists.
"Life is a shipwreck, we must not forget to sing in the lifeboats." Voltaire. That's good advice, but everyone in my life boat is throwing meat in the water to attract the sharks, and there is NO land in sight!
Thanks.
This was absolutely excellent. The way you described Enlightenment made it easily digestible, and the commentary on Kant's essay added substantial clarification to many of his points. Thank you for teaching!
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Pandemic and social contract theory
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I feel more Enlightened, thanks.
ruclips.net/video/dkTT6Sau0AM/видео.html
Pandemic and social contract theory
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Thank you so much! you somehow took a University level paper that made no sense to me 30 min ago and made it all make sense! you have brought me so much peace in knowing I can now write my assignment with an in depth understanding. Blessings!
Fantastic video Mr. Richey. It appears that modern society has fallen back into nonage: blind conformity, lack of creativity, acting just as machines - it is nearly impossible to find people who can think for themselves!
EvuL In matters of religion, its almost impossible to have an independent thinking since religion is based on a supernatural authority dictated in scriptures. In matters of philosophy, its always possible.
Fallen back into? No sir... (or Ma'am, my apologies), but no. Society has not yet attained escape from nonage, that's the point. We haven't fallen back at all, we simply haven't progressed. The more populated we become without universal and unifying words and constructs, the closer we come to imploding, sure. Society is STILL in need of Enlightenment. And society is STILL without it.
moonlington Interesting this became as shallow as American politics as now this president’s challenger can ne’er do the same. I’m afraid philosophy, even political, is far deeper a subject.
The reason why it is nearly impossible is that those people who think for themselves usually end up as victims of the cancel culture.
I like how there is big books then there's just a dr.Seuss book
I’m in college, why am I watching you at 1 in the morning?
Must be that lovely accent :)
because you are in college
same and I have a test tomorrow
@@najibawar4861 how was your test buddy?
@@ayouxy im in college too and watching 2.04 a.m
What a topic to listen to while walking around the city! Thanks for the great work
I love your videos :) Wrote a dissertation on natural rights and focused a lot on the enlightenment, this is great :)
Don't bother yourself standing all that time sir , you're very much helpful either way. I wanna say that I'm grateful for your teaching and thanks a lot 🖤🖤
I just wanted to say this helped get a 5 on my AP Euro DBQ last year on Enlightened absolutism. I used some information from this in my contextualization, like quoting "Dare to know" and "nonage" to contextualize the Enlightenment before going into its effects in my body paragraphs to argue that it produced gradual rather than radical change (that was the prompt I got).
Comparing then VS now we've come a long way in the 200 orso years since this piece has been written. Surely some of it has been realized now the modern age has brought about the technology to connect more and more of these Enlightened individuals from across the globe to share our sacred rights in some form of freedom. Talk about optimism! It sure is a term to live by during the liberation of humankind. For many a reassurrance, for some an example. Nonetheless, it's beautiful to see these words from long ago resonate with this time.
Dear Prof. Good lecture! whose translation is it? where can I get a copy?
I WISH YOU WERE MY PROFESSOR!! Thank you so much for this video, it was amazing!
Best lecture on enlightenment that I have ever heard
Could you please add your sources for the quotes you used in the description box? (Appreciation to anyone in the audience who would be able to do this as well.)
Could look up Kant quotes or enlightenment quotes
Tom Richey, I enjoy the way you presented the information on enlightenment ( and the comparisons with the scientific revolution). I wanted to ask could you make a book list that has books you find rich in perspective,knowledge, and understanding?
Plato's Republic is great starting point. I personally went from Plato to the Bible, then The Federalist Papers, Kant, then legal treatises of Coke, Blackstone, and Kent.
Obviously my area of interest is law and nature, but I don't think there is a wrong approach to enlightenment as long as you can keep your own personal bias held in check the majority of the time
Tom Richey you are amazing, Thank you!
+Gurmen B I'm sure you're pretty amazing, too. And you're welcome!
I think this is great!! Gonna use this for my upcoming university exam and will definitely quote what you have said. Thanks Tom!!
look you Kant, cuz the whole point is to think for yourself.
Great video. What process does Kant compare enlightenment to?
I am confused on the topic of public and reason and how this concept is linked to freedom?
I have essay on 15th hope you could answer before.
Oh man it's been so long since I've heard this voice!!
This one is really enlightening on enlightenment! : D
Great explanation, ...but is anyone else also trying to see what books are in the background?
Kant's enlightenment definition has inspired Sartre's portrayal that "we are doomed to freedom" ... Very few philosophers from the 19th century have not adopted a more or less part of Kant's positions. Kant's definition of intellectual independence constitutes a "bible" for every reflected person.
where can i find a book on this subject?
Tom, I apologize if this has been discussed in the comments already and I'm being redundant, however, it seems to me that what Kant was saying about rights to public expression (around 11:00) isn't just about maintaining freedom of speech, it's about maintaining freedom to be IN PUBLIC expressing ANYTHING. This was about establishing and maintaining the freedom to preach in the public square and establish a flock of followers who were atheists and understood the churches power at the time was imprisonment. At this point in history, wasn't Kant saying "people have to be free to dissent religious constructs and establish a mature truth within themselves regarding reality and what it means to be a human being" with the SAFEST words possible? For me, there is genius in expressing anything that attempts to dismantle the religious constructs that are without question maintaining nonage across the land.
Nice introduction, Sir👍😊
Great video!!! More than a machine, but in accordance with his dignity.
I found this video very useful and I enjoyed watching it thank you 😊
Such a fantastic video, much appreciated!
THANK YOU, I found this reading impossible to follow and my class is in 30 minutes!
thank you so much for your information... I am looking for an easy understandable answer for meaning enlightenment... your video made me crystal clear... :)
New subscriber here. Enjoying these Enlightenment videos. You explain things in a very accessible way. Thanks.
+Siobhan Ní Loinsigh Thank you so much! It's a pleasure to make this material accessible for you.
I am enjoying how much more active you are! ha ha :)
so great sir! helping me to prepare my exam
Good articulation of essential ideas. But it would have been great if you could have shared about private use of reason.
what was Kants view on women in this period?
Thankyou. Kant seems to be in the skeptical tradition which was a characteristic of the Enlightenment together with its' inclination to view science in opposition to organised religion. His thinking is a cultural consequence of 300 years of Protestantism, rejecting Catholic Church authority.
I don’t even go to St. Charles West but I do live in Saint Charles and that was a Jump scare to say the least
i like the historical contextualization!
I love this video. I had so many agreements with this passage.
Immensely helpful, thank you.
Superb presentation!
If the people who have subscribed to PewDiePie start watching these philosophy videos, the world would see another resonance.
*renaissance. But yeah, you're right
Actually the same people that started covid, that did 9/11, etc
, and the same people that want a NWO want this "enlightenment"..So I'd be careful what you wish for.
They conflate Gnosis, Enlightenment and knowledge or knowing with freedom. They worship enlightenment and knowledge as a god ahead of any real type of love of care, and in this internet age, they can control what people get enlightened to using algorithms.
Videos like this are pretty scary, especially when I see the comments.
Amazingly beautiful explanation.
Its a tough road but once the path is known you can't go back nature is so wonderful i often find myself looking at birds habits only to hear someone ask me " are you ok". People are mean but sometimes just talking or the act of kindness changes things. Being enlightened is good but alot of times tough.
1 am. Thank you Trich. Packet was empty and now its barely done. I got something closer to being done :) #EUROSQUAD ty i can go to sleep
So helpful species.. thx for your information love from india🇮🇳🇮🇳
In what minute did he explain what enlightenment was
This was absolutely fascinating
I’ve heard that enlightenment is not good in fact it destroys a person, is it true?
Thanks man! FYI: Cyrus the Great was one of the first people in the world to offer religious tolerance
Very timely words.
Great video, thank you, Watched all of it 20:04
my ap euro final is tomorrow and i’m watching this at 10:30 in 2x speed to fit the most information in before 12
+Delaney Chagolla The 2x is a popular option with my videos around exam time!
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Pandemic and social contract theory
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Thanks, that was really an 'enlightening' lecture.
HAAGAHJAHA I SEE WHAT YOU DID THERRREREEEEE
Why is it "self-incurred knowledge?" I've always read it as "self-incurred immaturity."
I find similarities with Kant's main points with Buddha's 'Kalama Sutta'
Thanks, you're amazing
😍 I love you Tom Richey
+Ella Powell The feeling is mutual!
hey! great stuff! really concerned how the russsian doll with putin's doing?
This philosophy is very relevant today!
CAN YOU PLEASE EXPLAIN IT BY BODY ,MIND,SOULE PICTURES
We still deal with a lot of nonage even outside of religion. The educational system teaches you things and tells you to "shut up and listen to what we tell you". Even with this "scientific revolution" and technocracy, people still fall to nonage. Religious or not.
What do you think the philosophers of the enlightenment would think of all the censorship today? All the canceling?
You are the best !
My faviorate Dr. Seuss book.
I think there has to be a balance. Some times your not aware of all things.
Jesus say “ seek and you shall receive”. I believe this is enlightening thinking because if you look and ask a question you should receive the answer.
Thank you.
Wonderful.
Thinking is dangerous
I think you and Theo Von sound so much alike. Your videos are Incredible by the way
I knew there was something with this guy when i heard him.
this was really helpful
The 18th book of the Bible is Job , followed by Psalms and then Proverbs. Books 18-22 are the poetic books and the 18th-22nd centuries reflect or pattern the 18th-22nd books of the Bible. (Well, the 22nd century isn’t here yet).
I’m not surprised to see the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century as Job was learning through his sufferings how God rules over men.
The telephone was invented in the 19th century just as Psalms the 19th book is a cry/call (phone means call) unto God.
The 20th century reflects Proverbs/Luke/3John. While Luke was a physician (Repha in Hebrew, a Reish word, the 20th letter of the Hebrew Alphabet) John wishes the readers to be in good health in the 20th epistle. The 20th century saw a rise in the medical provision.
Dude, thank you.
good work
I’ve just read this for my first reading in University.. but I think you just spoiled my lecture 😂
😊 Dr. Seuss on the shelf!!! 💜
Cambridge University has a better translation. They use “minor” or “minority” in substitution for notage
You the best!
Nice video
❤
woah! thank you!
John Locke, OG.
+Justin Parrish That's a great way to put it lol
Indoctrinate the youth with the sacrosanct rights of life, liberty, and property. We need a Lockean episode.
My 9th grade teacher wants us to watch this... yet it is meant for college students
Personally, I think the hate speech laws are a tool for debate and free exploration of ideas. It's absolutely fine in England to debate multiculturalism, but people are not allowed to 'express themselves' by harassing a ethnic minority woman down the street shouting racial slurs at her. Surely for Enlightenment values, the ethnic minority woman should be enabled to feel safe enough to express her thoughts, too? To have a religiously tolerant society, didn't they first need to have laws against abusing/attacking/murdering members of other religions? Our hate speech laws don't touch anyone engaging in non-abusive, intellectual, debate.
Chandana Nimal Sepala
Makes perfect sense even in this day and age.
Thanks Matt Damon
Are thy really thinking so but are thy so thinking that? I think. Therefore I was.
When you say sacred, do you mean inherent? Since Kant is challenging religious ideas, it seems odd to use the term "sacred" implying something God-given. You use the phrase Nature-given as one might use the phrase God-given. Irregardless of how humanity came to have the capacity for self thought & self direction, and cautiously considering his optimism that people will consider the impact of their personal freedoms on society & the world, Kant's ideas are a very solid rallying cry of all people who challenge the status quo of any aspect of society. My advice is challenge it, just try not to be too stupid.
That's part of the trick, he's not actually challenging religious ideas, he's trying to replace other religious ideas with his own.
The same people that started covid, that did 9/11, etc
, and the same people that want a NWO want this "enlightenment". Look into things like Sufism, Jewish Mysticism, the eastern Orthodox and western Catholic church split. Research Freemasonry, why they want Eucenism, why they use of Kabbalah, etc...
They conflate Gnosis, Enlightenment and knowledge or knowing with freedom. They worship enlightenment and knowledge as a god ahead of any real type of love or care, and in this internet age, they can control what people get enlightened to using algorithms.
I’m glad that truly following Christ isn’t a system of religion or philosophy or structure of doctrine
I wonder which religious institution this gentle man has been interacting with. I like most but not all what he says out of believing cliches and biases about "Faith". Dr.Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and many other people of faith influenced people's lives greatly and fought for the freedom of those oppressed by the government-NOT BY RELIGION.
Sapere aude ✍️
You're assuming a lot of Kant's motives.