Signal Encoding 1: Digital Signals

Several digital encoding schemes are presented: NRZ-L, NRZI, Bipolar-AMI, Pseudoternary, Manchester, and Differential Manchester. Much of this material is based on content from the book Data and Computer Communications by William Stallings.

[@googlable]

0:40 NRZ-L
2:08 NRZ-I
4:57 Bipolar-AMI
8:00 Pseudoternary
9:24 Manchester
12:32 Differential Manchester

[@guytonktgigi]

Is 4B/5B digital encoding the same thing as pseudoternary encoding?

[@shreyaredkar9983]

Thanks bud!!

[@amandavalentini5603]

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[@amandavalentini5603]

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[@imankhouny5682]

יחיח

[@SBala-xk6lr]

Not all heroes wear capes

[@train4905]

Dear sir,absolutely explained.crystal clear clarity.
You have a very gifted way of teaching.
Keep up the great work sir.

[@Strasbourgeois]

Vertical lines representing clock signal frequency helped a lot! Thank you Jacob!

[@jozefsoucik3115]

thanx. This explanation is much more clear, than readings tons of papers.

[@hamzahakimi267]

I read the chapter from Behrouz A. Forouzan 's data communication book but i didn't understand anything because i m not a good in English language ;i m from Yemen
,But this video with cc English auto-generete i finally understood this schemes ,so thank u very very mr.jacob

[@Daniel-wq4og]

for people, who like to skip parts:
NRZ-L @ 00:41
ruclips.net/video/i_TLLACZuRk/видео.html
NRZI @ 02:08
ruclips.net/video/i_TLLACZuRk/видео.htmlm8s
Bipolar-AMI @ 04:41
ruclips.net/video/i_TLLACZuRk/видео.htmlm41s
Pdeudoternary @ 08:02
ruclips.net/video/i_TLLACZuRk/видео.htmlm2s
Manchester @ 09:24
ruclips.net/video/i_TLLACZuRk/видео.htmlm24s
Differential Manchester @ 12:32
ruclips.net/video/i_TLLACZuRk/видео.htmlm32s

[@TheWebPotato]

Thanks. You're a hero.

[@m_yankin]

Thank you so much for the explanation. I've been struggling to find a good video on this topic, but you delivered it perfectly!

[@tonnymutebi9754]

truly thank you sir, i was facing a problem with Manchester and Differential Manchester but this video clarified it, thank you,😄😃

[@athmajaashinsani5469]

Thank you so much for this very clear explanation!

[@miguelangellopezdibenedett9783]

Many thanks, very good and detailed explanation.

[@tariqqazzaz8101]

I am so grateful to you sir Jacob

[@facelesstech6422]

thank u so much, this will help me with my upcoming computer science exams

[@tungbme]

very easy to understand and helpful, thank you very much

[@fadinasri8377]

كفووووووووووووو الرب
GODLIKE!
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

[@ΑντρέαςΣωτηρίου-π8γ]

great work

[@juhijuhi2074]

GREETINGS FROM INDIA SIR,THANKS FOR THIS

[@himanshutiwari8176]

well old is gold

[@PrinceWesterburg]

Its worth mentioning that in digital audio, one of the biggest problems is that bits are measures on the rise time and not the mean. If this is not fast enough due to cable capacitance or a host of inductance issues, then the bit can be read wrong and errors occur. So in computing and nicely designed circuits with proper RF connectors this rise time may be a good idea but in the grubby real world it can be worth avoiding, even in the relatively slow khz range.

[@RahulKumar-wu1dv]

Thanks a lot......very good explanation..........a big thumbs up

[@Huy3ker]

Thank you very much

[@YoungVinny]

Some other videos say that a 1 goes from high to low and 0 goes from low to high....I'm confused and unsure which one to believe now..

[@tadiniteriad8093]

Doesn't really change much. It's just the same signal reversed.

[@swaroop6044]

thx sir, it helped for preparing for my exams hope u do more videos which r helpful

[@riaeydal-mqrey4948]

Thanks thanks thannnnnnnnks
you are abest man to got me info

Very good explanation, dude!

[@zgnmedia]

Sir,Thanks for great explanation.

[@nimsarafernando8084]

14 slides on one paper : )

[@rakib562]

Thanks sir that was really helpful for me

[@muhammadziaulhaq7254]

u learning also?

[@neelsen1027]

Thank you sir.. It was beautifully explained..

[@harshavardhankakarla4579]

What if there is a 1 at the beginning of Differential Manchester ?
What should I assume ?

[@mihaidogaru9938]

I guess you should know a previous state. I would ask the teacher if I ever got that as an exercise. Or simply assume a previous state and write it down on the paper.

[@chanelpierre7247]

Thanks!

[@rishiyaswanth]

Super explanation dude👌🏼 my sir explanation is waste infront of you

[@kashback7448]

Very Very Helpful.... Thanku sooo Much...

[@अंशुमानअवस्थी]

Great work 👍

[@parthasarathysil1300]

Thank you very much.

[@poonambansal2874]

extremely helpful video!!!

[@robertfaney4148]

in differential manchester if there is a zero you transition at the begining. OK. So at the beginng you have two choices to transition either you go up or down . So which way ?? that is the issue that is not clear , if anyone could help ??

[@robertfaney4148]

@glyn hodges Thank u heaps, u replied to a post I posted almost a year ago. really appreciate !

[@nickhlope1717]

What's the answer

[@rock-afire-fan]

differential manchester is the same thing as biphase mark code except the data is offset 1/2 clock cycle and the bits are inverted.

[@heemabhsonowal658]

simple yet beautifully crafted.. Thank you.. u rock

[@mg-di5zd]

Thanks Scacob Jhrum

[@ibrahimalmalluhi6602]

Thank you so much !!!!!

[@arpitajana9051]

thank u ..it was a big help

[@arshiesalonga6005]

Hi, I have a question in NRZ-L, I just read before that the binary 1 represents positive, then 0 represents negative. But in your video the binary 0 represents positive. Can you please help me to explain? I a bit confuse. Thanks in advance.

[@JacobSchrum]

My discussion is based off of William Stallings' book on Data and Computer Communications, but I believe that a scheme in which the meaning of +/- is reversed would also be legitimately referred to as a NRZ-L scheme ... the idea is the same, and as long as both ends of the communication agree on the same convention, communication should be possible.

[@arshiesalonga6005]

Ow I see, thank you Sir Jacob

[@alinaqializadah]

Hello to all
I have a project titles (Effects of coding techniques on network performance in fiber optic networks). But I don't understand exactly the coding techniques in optical fiber networks. what are techniques ? In optical fiber, modulation and coding are the same?

[@abdullahs3489]

thanks a lot bro! helped a lot

[@larryvaughn5843]

What type of encoding is used by computer network cards sending a signal through Ethernet cabling?

[@JacobSchrum]

I don't think there is a single answer for that. Different networks can use different encoding schemes. It's up to what the hardware supports and how it is configured, though standards change and evolve over time.

[@sto2779]

You know any books that discusses about these "line codes"?

[@anthonyyoussef01]

That's amazing. I go to Northeastern University, how ironic

[@memes6587]

is there a diffrence between english and french systems in incoding for example with manshester they teach us 1 is a drop while 0 is up

[@mihaidogaru9938]

Thank you, sir.

[@whytushar]

Difference between Bipolar-NRZ and AMI, anyone?

[@alta-sh]

Bipolar-NRZ has unpredictable drastic mood changes...

[@mohamednasr6914]

god bless you :)

[@nathan5508]

thank you

[@Calm_Energy]

why are there different encoding methods rather than stick with one?

[@arshaachu7323]

Sir, for the forth bit rpstn in diff, should there be high-to-low than shown.....is that a mistake???

[@aboalhassan448]

thank you :)

[@vishaltomar121]

thnku sir that was really really helpful

[@hatembenmussa4988]

so helpful thank u

[@lukestanleycastro6722]

sir, in the differential manchester part, what if the starting point is 1? should I draw a line, or what?

[@samuelsugur383]

0 will start same for NRZ-I as started in NRZ-L ...

[@TheNDSharma]

thank you!

[@amitsingh-th7em]

IF THE encoding value starting is 1 than NRZ -I IS starting form up or down??

[@samimesele4475]

am proud to be ethiopia....long live abyssiniya

[@MichaelLearnsToCode]

thanks ALOT

[@shatakshikapdi9685]

Excuse me sir Jacob Schrum
Could you please check the starting of Manchester coding ?
It seems a bit contradictory

[@JacobSchrum]

Can you clarify what seems contradictory about it?

[@shatakshikapdi9685]

Sorry For the late reply
Was applying your concepts in my exam (Serious here)
It was my mistake
I was getting confused between the up transition and the down transition
Anyways Thankyou for this great video!
Helped me a lot!

[@parthgajiwala9829]

For NRZ-L is it necessary to use High level for 0 and low level for 1?

[@JacobSchrum]

NRZ-L is a particular encoding scheme that follows these particular rules, but in principle there is no reason why a communications scheme that reversed the roles of 0 and 1 would not work, as long as both parties agreed on the same convention.

[@Techtips_AU]

Can you please answer this question, I saw your video just to answer this....
How many signal levels will be required to encode 4 bits in a single symbol??
->Is the answer 12(As per my research)
Thanks in advance

[@JacobSchrum]

4 bits can represent up to 16 distinct values, so you would need that many signal levels, but you probably cannot successfully transmit a signal with this many signaling levels because the noise would make it too difficult to determine the difference between signal levels, unless you use a much more advanced scheme that anything discussed here.

[@muhammadziaulhaq7254]

thanks

[@halorisma132]

thanks a lot

[@johnzydryxcstaana9002]

What if it's all 1 on NRZ-L and no zeroes?

[@omeshtiwari3673]

R u a researcher if u r I have a question

[@mehdinouira3540]

can you send me the Miller encoding video

[@vinothvk2711]

In nrz i . Suppose we have 1 in start , whether should start up or down?

[@superqaxclub]

Start from down

[@guytonktgigi]

Is 4B/5B the same as pseudoternary?

[@andrew1om]

Thank you for explanation. Does anyone knows where signal encoding can be used? I mean the knowledge

[@JacobSchrum]

Any signal sent along a phone line or network (Internet, etc.) has to be encoded in some way.

[@JacobSchrum]

Certain encoding standards are more common in particular countries, and a variety of different encodings may be used throughout the transmission of a signal for different legs of the journey. Conversions happen depending on the particular medium of transmission, distance, etc.

[@andrew1om]

There's so much I don't know

[@santoshmunagala5154]

These encoding mechanisms are used especially to support clock recovery in transceiver circuits.

[@oguz-kagan]

i didn't understand manchester

[@fadinasri8377]

- GG
= THANK UU 👍👍

[@mohdnasir5140]

Who is Nap. Hill?

[@samuelsugur383]

NRZ-I is going wrong for starting 0..

[@basicswithgayand]

Thnx

[@michelerosito923]

Thank you! I've understood!

[@xBlue.10]

Can we have a word from this code?

[@hamoudalotaibi2278]

2019 !!!

[@crankMiHoffer]

Oh Hi 👋

[@ibrahimmohammed2303]

رائع جدا جدا

[@Natkhat_reels_n_Vlogss]

bad sound quality

[@anweralikhan9791]

da sa ghwal de yar

[@mengstudesale]

work ip address

[@MikeYKesh]

t.y (y)

[@hernandomora3635]

¹

[@stanleyngugi1675]

every time he draws over a line, i cringe

[@abbadkamel8839]

thank you so much

[@OmarAhmed-zj8mg]

thanks

[@awaisbutt7159]

thanks