John Lennon's Death Story
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 10 июл 2024
- December 8th, 1980, the death date of John Lennon. A former member of The Beatles, John Lennon was killed outside of the Dakota building in New York City. John Lennon was just 40 years old. In this episode, we’re going to explain why Mark David Chapman killed John Lennon, and show you John Lennon's assassination video (animated video reconstruction).
On a cold December night, Mark David Chapman, a man who killed John Lennon, was sitting in the arch of Dakota building waiting for John Lennon. John’s limousine pulled over next to Dakota. Yoko Ono got out first, Lennon - second. As Lennon entered the arch, he saw Chapman and recognized the fellow who had asked him for an autograph a few hours earlier. Yeah, that sounds crazy, but just a few hours before shooting Lennon, Chapman had managed to get his autograph.
________________________________________
* Need an animated video for yourself or your business?
how-it-was.com
* Follow us on Instagram:
/ howitwasofficial
* Follow us on Facebook:
/ howitwasofficial
________________________________________
00:00 - 00:38 - Mark Chapman is waiting for John Lennon near his home
00:39 - 00:52 - Intro with John Lennon’s death date and place
00:58 - 01:09 - John Lennon leaves The Beatles and moves to the U.S.
01:22 - 02:08 - Why Mark Chapman killed John Lennon
02:10 - 02:35 - Mark Chapman and the book The Catcher in The Rye
03:12 - 04:14 - How Mark Chapman decided to kill John Lennon
04:15 - 05:20 - John Lennon’s death scene (animated reconstruction)
05:22 - 05:38 - John Lennon is pronounced dead at the age of 40
05:40 - 05:48 - Mark Chapman was taken to prison
05:49 - 05:54 - The end 
Кино
"Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans." - John Lennon
Before you go to sleep take my hand
Bro that's my yearbook quote!
I miss him
Beautiful beautiful beautiful ( beautiful john )
Borrowed Time, from his 1984 Milk and Honey album, give it a listen you won’t regret it
John once said “I'm not afraid of death because I don't believe in it.
It's just getting out of one car, and into another.” (I understand his vision, meaning something else is going on, another form of life after death maybe) but it's creepy because that's how things went on that night at the Dakota... He got out of the limo, shots were fired, policemen arrived promptly on the scene, among them Police officers Bill Gamble and Jim Moran took him immediately into their police car (John incredibly still had a pulse, no time to wait for ambulance) drove to the Roosvelt Hospital... and John probably had his last breath in this police car.
Thanks for such an informative and insightful comment. It's awesome to see how this community adds some really-really interesting details on top of our stories. This benefits all of us. Thanks a lot and have a great one!
@@Howitwas I've read the "getting out of one car and into another" theory before. Very ironic statement. Thank you for mentioning it.
I hope he repented like the thief on the cross as he laid dying.
I read a different story.
No time to wait for the police, he was placed in a cab.
This was the driver giving the account.
He didn't know who his passenger was.
John was still alive but crouched on the back seat facing down.
Driver asked who he was and he was able to say "John Lennon".
Driver was surprised and said "The John Lennon?"
But no answer ever came out.
John was totally quiet from thereon.
Upon reaching the 🏥, he was attempted to be revived like hell by the trauma team for 30 mins.
The truth, he was actually DOA.
Further investigation showed, John never had a chance.
The very first bullet alone already blasted away the Right Aorta and other vital blood vessels which no one can survive from.
It was actually amazing how he was able to take those bullets, remained upright & staggering, and even said "I got shot!" twice.
Continued to stagger up to the footsteps of his condo bldg before collapsing.
I wanted to believe this more because it would still take a few mins for cops to arrive.
The cab was already there waiting for prospective passengers.
I read John died a few minutes after he arrived at the hospital.
My Grandmother actually met John Lennon about a week before he died. He would buy clothing to donate to a local donation shelter and would stop by frequently. My Grandmother was one of the people who worked there. He was supposed to stop by the place on the day he died but it never happened.
Amazing.
That’s an interesting story. Fascinating
ruclips.net/video/3BVWLM_M_vA/видео.html
Lennon is so generous
Do you have any photos or more info about this.......
The thing is when John made the statement of "The Beatles is more popular than Jesus" he was actually on about how the number of christianity beliefs had been declining and at this point it felt as if The Beatles was more popular than Christianity, he was actually just sharing his concern on that. He even explained it too many times.
I heard this too! I hope it's true because I really like John Lennon and as a christian that would really get in the way of that! If that was his intention that would make me feel a lot better about him! No matter what, obviously his death is incredibly tragic and should of never happened!
I watched the whole interview unedited. I saw his statement as a warning to his fans. It was the mainstream media that has twisted his statement with edits and half-truths making him look like the bad guy.
@@thiagoteixeira6537 John briefly accepted Christ watching Oral Roberts during his time of seclusion. Yoko threatened to leave him if if continued to embrace Christ
he was right
True. When I first glanced at his "Bigger than Jesus" statement, I thought he's just making a hyperbole joke. But when I read about how people were very offended by what he said, I realized how serious this is. When I read the full statement, it turns out John isn't being anti-religious in his statement. He's telling people how, as time goes by, more people would will stop believing in religion and they would rather go to a Beatles concert than in church. And the last part, "Jesus was all right but his disciples were thick and ordinary. It's them twisting it that ruins it for me." What he meant was Jesus was ok, but there are SOME Christians who twist the Bible's words and force it down other people's throats, which might be one of the reasons why some Christians are beginning to stop believing in religion.
This whole controversy reminds me of Friedrich Nietzsche and his 'God is Dead' quote and people took it out of context.
It’s sad I never got to witness legends like Tupac, Biggie, John Lennon, and Freddie Mercury. Atleast I got to see Michael Jackson before he passed
Oh wow!!! Where was that? If you saw MJ alive, you're part of the 0,000000000000001% of the people on the Earth to have seen him.
@@Howitwas It was In New York at Madison Square Garden , I believe it was September 7th, 2001. The energy in the air was just absolutely INSANE. Seeing him perform almost felt supernatural! By far the most talented person I’ve ever seen
@@makaveli6873 omg you went to the MJ 30th anniversary concert special!! Lucky duck! I wish I got to see MJ live!
Or the biggest of all Elvis
@@makaveli6873 Yeah I also visited that concert, It was so insane and so much crowd oof. Good old days when you didn't have to wear a mask :|. Ah and that moonwalk he did
“Everybody loves you when you're six foot in the ground” -John Ono Lennon
Same thing that happens with Kurt Cobain.
Everybody loves you when you’re down and out. I was looking for someone to reference this Walls and Bridges underrated classic!
Know your history. John changed his name and eliminated the name Winston.
@@miryamamar5442 Ok thank you for the correction
@@Grungeboy-br9wt biggie smalls said “you’re nobody till somebody kill you”
It's crazy in a interview a reporter asked him how do he think he would die and his response was maybe by one of my crazy fans and it actually happened that shows you your tongue is very powerful 😔 may he R.I.P
Thanks for sharing this info! We didn't stumble upon this interview while working on the story. You're right, he'd predicted it all.
@@Howitwas you're welcome thanks also ,I LOVE YOUR CHANNEL.♥️
ruclips.net/video/3BVWLM_M_vA/видео.html
ruclips.net/video/LcOBmPWsPPM/видео.html
Not tongue, but brain to be honest
I saw this documentary about John Lennon. It talked about how he was humble and would talk to any fan that walked up to him, give autographs without hesitation, and say yes to anyone who wanted a picture with him. Maybe he was rich, but he was very down to Earth and kind.
Not really. He was not a kind person. Sure he had some down to earth and kind moment but he definitely had his flaws. He left his son Julian and ex wife for yoko ono and had Sean with her. He turned a blind eye on them. He was abusive too.
@@karladiaz383 And blah,blah,blah.Troll!:)
I don't know about that! He composed a song named "all you need is love" and he, i think was a very violent man. Of course, i am NOT 100% sure of what i am saying. The information i am telling i got it from a video.
Not really John Lennon was a huge bastard he beat on his wife and his son
@@seanm7539 i once watched a video of John Lennon. A documentary so to speak. In there, although John composed the song "All you need is love" i think he was anything but and that he was very violent. Of course, i am not certain of telling you this.
The fact he got off with second degree murder is insane, it’s common knowledge that he planned to kill him, bought the gun just to kill him, snuck it through airport security to kill him.
Don't worry, he's never getting out. That monster was denied parole, and many Beatles fans with John Lennon fans even protested to make sure he doesn't get out of jail.
R.I.P. John Lennon 🎸💚🍏👓
denied parole 11 times
Cause he's mentally ill?
Isn't people who're mentally ill won't be convicted if they kill someone?
@@norakirayumi Well he did it anyway when he was interviewed by Larry King. He even read Catcher in the Rye before he killed John. After what happened, I am never going to read that book! That monster is awful and I don't care if he had a horrible life growing up! Did you know that before he settled to kill John, he had a choice to kill Paul McCartney, Jacqueline Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, or Elizabeth Taylor?
P.S. Larry King must have had huge guts to interview him. I want to give him an around of applause for that.
@@lisettegarcia7013 the catcher in the the rye is a really good book, and Holden never does anything more violent than what a normal teenager would do. Albeit he did get his ass beat once. And to be honest, he’s sorta right, John Lennon is a huge hypocrite. He talks about wanting no possessions or money, and yet he owned more than any normal person could ever get. He was an amazing artist, a complicated person, and a hypocrite.
Most underrated channel about Celebrity deaths. Hope you guys dont change when you explode in views
Agree
Agreed
Thanks for your kind words! We're flattered :) We are going to keep putting in hours and hours into the research, the story, the audio and the graphics!
@@EzGiannis Thanks!
@@Polska_Edits Thanks a lot!
I hate how underrated this channel is, the effort put into the videos doesn’t match the views or likes
What is scary is that while we were enjoying Lennon’s music and in awe of the Beatles Chapman was gunning for him for a long time.
It will 41 years since he was killed,
His legacy will live on forever.
Still feels sad for him, such a legend...
he his John "Legend"
It felt like a movie. Love how you explained how chilhood trauma effected him so much. You for sure deserve more than a million views
"That's life.....that's all people say" - Arthur Fleck
@@TheCzx cringe
Obviously, the fellow who put this together wasn't around on December 8th, 1980. He twice states that it was a cold December night. It was anything but. It was an unseasonably warm night, almost balmy, which some have attributed to being another reason why Chapman was able to hang around outside The Dakota for untold hours.
I've never heard that. If it was balmy why was Chapman wearing a scarf, jacket, and hat?
@@1w72st I'll never forget that night and distinctly remember what the weather was like. Also, I worked for 32 years in the mental health field, on the wards of psychiatric hospitals. Chapman had definite mental health issues and some mentally ill people will wear multiple layers of clothing regardless of the weather. The temperature in NYC on December 8th, 1980 was 64 degrees after dark, the warmest temperature recorded that month.
@@jltrem I'll take your word for it but I think John was wearing a black sweater and his black fur collar jacket that you see in the photoshoot that morning. Must have been a cool 64 degrees.
@@1w72st Lennon was wearing an Italian sweater over a red T-shirt and his leather bomber jacket. It was December. You never know what December weather will be. I also happened to be wearing a bomber jacket that night as well. I was working a 3-11 shift at the hospital. I remember looking at the nurse's station wall clock at 10:50 pm, when Lennon was shot. Heard the news on the car radio after I left work. Yes, it hit the news that fast. I went to my best friend's house. We were both Lennon fans. It was a long, long night.
I lived in New York City at the time. Still do. Monday, December 8, 1980 was almost balmy in the afternoon. By the evening it was cooler, but not "cold" by NYC standards. According to the police report, Lennon managed to stagger up the stairs to the office of The Dakota, (I believe there are six steps), stopped at the desk and said, "I'm shot!" after which he immediately collapsed face down. I will never forget it.
In my view, the thing that gets really overlooked about John’s death, specifically why it was so tragic, is because his life was truly just beginning.
To explain what I mean, John’s father neglected him growing up and his mother died when he was just a child. He had a loving, yet authoritative, auntie that looked after him for the rest of his youth. You could imagine (no, really) that he really didn’t know how properly manage his emotions.
His marriage to his first wife, Cynthia, was more so done out of spite and their son Julian (ironically, was neglected by him) wasn’t planned. With John’s underlying trauma, things got worse when he started taking drugs which led to his behaviour radically shifting to the point of him hitting her.
It wasn’t until he met Yoko and the two shared a similar traumatic upbringing that lead to him finding somebody who could get him out of his comfort zone. After some soul searching during their brief separation in the early seventies and the birth of their son, Sean, John started to break the cycle by raising his child, reconciled with his past, and gained a sense of maturity in general. After many years of being lost, he finally found himself. He goes in-depth about this in his last interviews with the BBC and RKO, which you can find here on RUclips.
The thing is, I think if Chapman knew about John’s upbringing and realized how similar it was to his own, I don’t think he would have done what he did.
But we’ll never know for sure, and with all that said, this layer to the story makes the whole event more tragic than most realize.
Bryton, thank you so much for such an insightful comment. It's an awesome addition to the story!
You got all but one thing right: according to Cynthia in her book "John", Lennon only ever smacked her once when they were still students, because she went out with another boy the night before. They broke up for about 2 months, and got back together again, with Cynthia saying that she'd leave him for good if he'd ever do that again. Besides that, everything else is right.
Look, I somewhat feel a bit sorry for Mark Chapman but what he did was silly at best I'm afraid.
@@saiyerugara9038 Killing John Lennon was silly ??? Surely you jest.
@@ghoppr71 Yes it was tbh.
Just discovered your channel & I’m obsessed. Please keep uploading videos 🔥
Love your content mate, you deserve more than 1 million subscribers, keep it up!
Thanks for being part of this community!
Ive been waiting for this for so long!!!!!
Hope it's been worth the wait! Please let us know what your thoughts are.
You explain so well
Your channel is so underrated
I love everything you say
It makes me sad seeing how underated you are you deserve way more subs
I absolutely love your videos it's so incredible all the correct info you put, you actually do some research not like other people, thank you for this video and you got a new sub 🔥
Wow, thank you Diego! Appreciate your feedback. We hope to her more of your feedback about the existing videos and the new episodes!
Mark chapman, like many assassins had the same type of mental psychology like many assassins did. Had very poor relationships with their family and friends, emotionally disturbed, and lonely at it’s greatest.
John Lennon had the whole world, Chapman had nothing. I can’t imagine what some of these guys were feeling when they were about to pull the trigger. R.I.P Lennon ❤️
On top of that it was jealousy.
You have grown so much but you deserve more you always put so much effort that’s probably why you upload every month cause it’s so much effort and good 👍
Even though I was not alive to experience John Lennon..... It breaks my heart what happened to him.
Rip
same
I was waiting for this one! I swear! Good video!
Great summary of what happened, great narration and graphic design, too. Just one goof: It wasn't Nixon who started a war in Vietnam, it was Johnson who started the American ground war in Vietnam.
I hope in the future you could do video of Marilyn Monroe. Nice work on the animation!
We certainly will! Thanks for sharing your ideas :)
She was taken long before she was due... an Angel too good for this world. (And yes I personally do believe the rumors that she was murdered)
@@Howitwas yes please do Marilyn!
I heard, that when Chapman shot him John Lennon hit the ground and shouted „He’s just shot me!”
How many years old r you?
@@cutetwins3415 21
That seems like a reasonable thing to say immediately after getting shot
He was filled with hot metal I'd be surprised he could even say that when his lungs were full of blood
His last words were reportedly "I'm shot!"
i really admire your videos they are just awesome. keep them coming dude
I've never clicked so fast,you've gained like 25k since your last video well deserved keep up the great content 👏👍👌
Marcus, thank you so much! It's cool to see our fellows noticing the growth that's been happening. Kudos and stay safe!
@@Howitwas Your'e welcome just doin my job 👍
Your videos are so well done!
Thanks! We are thrilled to hear such feedback!
We were robbed of 40 years of John Lennon. I’m so angry
Me too Justin. Never forget, Never forgive!
Its been 4 years and it still breaks my heart Oh dear
40 and probably more
@@justthinking650 41
In no way did he deserve to die, but he wasn't the best human being. Considering he Beat and abused Yoko Ono, and his wife before her, and the fact he disowned and neglected his son, but Lennon didn't deserve to die.
This channel is amazing! I hope to see more videos in this one :)
Interesting fact. According to a tv producer who was at the hospital when Lennon was pronounced dead, “All My Loving” was playing over the speaker system. Kind of eerie considering the first three words are “close your eyes.”
This channel deserves 1 mil,, so underrated
i love your channel.... everything is sooo perfect.
Thanks! We've been working super hard on this one. Glad you liked the new episode and hope to hear from you again.
love the animation style
This is the video that introduced me to your channel!
Rip lennon one off the greatest artists ever
I love John Lennon, he seemed so real and down to earth. His 2 sons sure look so much like him. ❤
Just a shame he abandoned one of them isn’t it?
@@aviationlba747 He was neglected by his father too so he got an underlying condition and did same as his father did to him
@@ChemicalPrecipitate Still doesn't justify anything.
He also disowned his son calling him "an Unfortunate Accident" , and beat and abused both Yoko Ono, and The Wife he had before her.
The quality of this channel is impeccable.
What an incredible channel! Great work guys 👍
Ah....thanks a lot!! We're absolutely thrilled with all of the support we've been getting so far!
Man keep making videos, keep spreading the truth love ur videos btw why ur channel is so underrated .
Thanks a lot! We are growing this community together. It's about the journey, not about the number of subscribers. :)
I missed this amazing channel. It’s 100% going to be big in the future
Thanks!!
Very underrated channel mate, You have gotten a subcriber. The amount of research you do in these videos is just amazing, I loved the Michael Jackson one too because I have seen him and know his history a lot too. Also, The Beatles was not that kind of Beatles like it was when Lennon was alive. keep it up!
Been here since 10k! Also I never really watched Beatles but his death was sad!
This channel will defenitly grow past at least 500k at the end of 2021. So if you guys see this, thank you for the interesting videos!
We certainly appreciate your support and never take it for granted. Thank you so much for all of the kind words and for making us feel amazing knowing that you've found our content interesting and engaging! We really hope to stay in touch with this community regardless of how many subscribers there are or will be. Thanks!
hey this video is absolutely high class and artistic! I just would’ve really liked to see some more of what Lennon was up to around the time of his death, like how he wanted to go see his son before he ‘would’ go to dinner that night, how his life was getting a bit more hopeful and stuff like that. That’s what makes it so tragic too. But besides that this video pretty much captures it all!!!
“Forgive you’re enemies, but never forget there names.” -John F Kennedy
Their*
Your youtube channel is probably the best. Keep it up. I just subbed 😁
Wow, thanks!
This is more than just a "death review" channel.. actually it shows history!
You deserve a bunch of subscribers, keep going ;)
I love the Beatles music and johns solo and his death story is just so sad
Thank you i was waiting for it
Yeah!! That's great! Thanks for supporting us.
@@Howitwas man i should thank you for providing us a great content
@@abhyudaykapil More to come! Thanks again! It means a lot to us. Have a good one!
Yes yes yes, I have been waiting forever for someone to do this.
Remember when you had 9 k subs been here since keep it up man!
Thanks for being part of this from the very beginning :) It's been an interesting journey. Hope you like the new episode!
@@Howitwas of course love the episode! Like seeing the channels trip to the top!
@@vincent--boss9516 great to hear that! Thanks again!
@@Howitwas a fan since 8k
@@disappearingenderman4348 Thanks for your continuous support!
This channel is genuinely the most underrated channel I’ve ever seen like wtf 😳
Thanks :) We are growing this community and all of us behind this channel believe that it's not about the number of subscribers. It's our hobby and passion!
I agree.
good video thank you for uploading this (:
Hi How was it ,
Eagerly waiting for next upload . Hope it comes out 🔜 .
Regards,
A Fan of ur Content 🙌😍
THANK YOU! OH MY FREAKING GOD! Love this channel
John Winston Lennon (October 9th, 1940-December 8th, 1980) a misunderstood angel was killed in a sad and sorry sickening sight
Thank you so much!
@@Howitwas you’re welcome! Hey maybe could you tell the story of Linda McCartney?
"God is a concept with which we measure our pain". One of the deepest lines ever put to paper.
Measuring pain is where it BEGINS.. he then provides the therapy for as long as you don’t keep him out of your sight
Yoooo new subscriber 😊🤧🥳
Great videos idk how you dont have 1 mil subs
I feel so fortunate that I've heard the wonderful music of The Beatles and John Lennon my entire life. For the vast majority of human history we could only heard mystic played live.
This is great! Please make one about Michael Hutchence🙏🏻
Thanks for the idea!
Man I love this channel we want more videos!!!😂
You got my subscribe😄
If he would be alive today, he would be 81 years old but he’s in a good place now and creating songs with the angels 😇
John Lennon definitely went to hell. Sorry.
How do you know?
@@ryderrants7444
HELL DOSE NOT EXIST
ADAM WAS NOT CREATED IN HEAVEN LOL
EVOLUTION OVER 7000 OLD CREATIONIST MYTH
@@ELIAB424Perhaps correct your grammar before acting like a Nazi
A dream you dream alone is only a dream.- John Lennon
Even #9 dreams...
You guys are awesome
I have watched your videos. I don't know why your videos were not recommended to me earlier. Your videos are awesome.
Thanks for uploading these videos. Your videos forced me to subscribe you.
I am late because while you uploaded this video I was sleeping ( it was night in my region).
Thanks for your support and for subscribing to our channel! We appreciate it and hope to hear from you again!
Great video! I just loved every element of it. 💙 definitely I watch all the rest of them. Maybe you can talk later about Marilyn Monroe, Selena Quintanilla, Sharon Tate and for sure I will leaving more suggestions 💙
Great channel!! Always enjoy watching!!
Rip john lennon
Thanks for the feedback!
I love your videos it’s good information
Thanks!
@@Howitwas OMG
Explained very well. Thank you.
Wow, I can't believe how many interesting details were left out of this.
All I know is that Chapman is still in prison. He got denied parole about 12 times. I believe that he will stay there until he dies.
John Lennon has been made immortal through his music.
You won a new sub. 👍🏻
Just came across your channel and I love it ! Watched all videos !! This is great. You should do a video about the death of Selena as well.
Creepiest thing about it is that theres actually a picture of Lennon giving Chapman an autograph. Its not even hard to find but the look on Chapmans face REALLY showed he was ready to do it.
John has now been dead for longer than he lived and yet some people still choose to chastise both him and his wife. Chapman took away his ability to defend both himself and Yoko. I hope that you will step forward and do what he can’t do, when and if needed.
This channel is underrated
you guys are the mf best, keep it up ! every video u guys make is great (:
It’s crazy to believe this happened 12 years before I was born
It's crazy to believe this happened 26 years before I was born.
Yeah
This happen 20 years before I was born
Thas happened 40 years ago before I was born
25 years for me
He didn't know the difference between "famous" and "infamous".
this is a good one ... thank you
Great episode
Thanks!
You should make Selena Quintanilla Death Story, very interesting one.
Agreed
Thanks! Her story is on the list - it's been requested a number of times already. Every story requires quite a lot of research, so we'll definitely put it out once it's ready. Thanks!
@@Howitwas Can you do the death of Robin Williams as well?
@@Howitwas Can you also do the deaths of Eddie Guerrero and Chris Benoit?
@@arcticangel1628 im a fan of both wrestlers
I just started to binge all your previous videos lol
That sounds awesome! What's your favorite so far? Just curious.
The Bruce lee one
@@Howitwas Mine is Michael Jackson.
New early subscriber!
That's awesome! Thanks, Nolan.
Nice vids
Is it just me or am I just crazy with 🥰 these videos?
Hey Rose, thanks a lot for your comment. We're glad that you're enjoying our content. It means the world to us!
The song "Imagine" by John Lennon will be my all time favourite. RIP John.
Great song, indeed.
@@Howitwas my parents also like it too. I agree too.
Maybe you wanna see the movie yesterday. You will be glad to see John there. 🙂
@@-JohnnyWaIker- :)
In my life is better
I was expecting this channel to have a few million subscribers, but when I checked, I was surprised.
I was born just one year before, great video btw!
You read my mind!!, I was just gonna suggest you about this one
That's awesome!
correction: Nixon didn’t start the war in Vietnam. He did continue it.
He did break his promise on pulling the troops immediately after taking office, only 4 years later he did. Nixon also believed Lennon was a threat to his reelection. So he did everything he can to have Lennon deported, but was unsuccessful. Nixon is one of the most corrupted presidents in history.
Correct, but on Mister Beats song about Nixon, it mentions “got out of Vietnam”.
Class videos dude!! How do you have 77k only?
Your channel is really great. Please make videos about the deaths of Notorious Big, James Dean, Marilyn monroe and Brandon Lee. And videos about Serial Killers like Zodiac would be cool.