The Worst Earthquakes in Ancient History
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- Опубликовано: 27 июл 2024
- This video surveys the most infamous ancient earthquakes, and explores how the Greeks and Romans explained and responded to these disasters. To help the victims of the recent earthquake in Turkey and Syria, please consider making a donation to Direct Relief:
www.directrelief.org/emergenc...
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If you liked this video, you might also enjoy my book “Naked Statues, Fat Gladiators, and War Elephants: Frequently Asked Questions about the Ancient Greeks and Romans.”
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Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:27 Earthquakes at Antioch
1:49 Infamous ancient earthquakes
3:20 Earthquake damage at classical sites
4:33 Mediterranean tectonics
5:01 Poseidon the earth-shaker
6:13 Ancient theories about earthquakes
7:23 Ancient earthquake relief efforts
8:40 Direct Relief
I love how you constantly make videos on more obscure topics. Feels like too many history channels are forced to cover surface level or beginner topics in order to appeal to the widest possible audience.
I like hearing about fresh topics instead of for example, the life of Caesar for the 100th time
I doubt you are an expert on Caesar, nonetheless.
@@ok-kk3ic what does that have to do with what he said
250000 thousand people dying at once isnt obscure thats pretty crazy.
@@ok-kk3ic I do believe you miss the point entirely. The OP may not be an expert on Caesar (THE Caesar or any of the many with the title who came afterward) but Dr. Ryan could be called such. You certainly aren't. LOL
By far the best Roman history period RUclips channel out there! Thank you for the videos!
Couldn't agree more. Listening to him talk at work is so nice makes me day dream
Historia Civilis is pretty good too
Antioch is a train station on the San Francisco bart
Eh idk about that but a good one for sure
@@tylerhaigler7409 I mean give me one that comes close?
6:22 Thales had a theory that wasn't too far off. The Earth does float on a universal sea of magma.
It makes you wonder how he might have reacted to our modern understanding of plate tectonics, were he brought back to life, or through some other sci-fi means.
Was thinking the same thing.
The earthquake that seems to have abruptly ended the Minoan civilization at or near the peak of its power is the one I find most interesting.
That was the volcano of Santorini exploding with vast tsunamis following and part by the ongoing bronze age collapse with invades following in the wake of the explosion.
@@feffe4036 id chuck it to the quantum imortality principle, we can only live if the minoan and bronze age civilization never flourished past the bronze age collapse
@@lelagrangeeffectphysics4120 why
@@alik5972 please read on quantum immortality
I love that Poseidon was cleverly re-branded as stabiliser and restrainer of the Earth. It is much more crowd pleasing than Earth shaker.
We call earth landball
More like the other side of the same coin, if he shakes the Earth he can restrain it too, just at face value it makes sense to appeal to him directly on those grounds. I don't think they had marketing executives rebranding deities lol
Dr. G! Great post. I remember years ago when I was working in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, we had a meeting in our office to welcome a new client - an American from Chicago no less. We were sitting there and she asked if we get earthquakes in the DR. "Oh no!" we all said. And just then a short, nasty tremor shook the whole building.
Great opportunity to raise awareness for an important cause and teach all of us some history love it! Best history channel on RUclips
Lift the evil sanctions on Syria and end the illegal usa occupation and theft of Syrian oil
As a turkish person, I just want to thank you Garett.
Really appreciate the inclusion of the donation link! Keep up the content!
The wreckage of the colossus of rhodes sat in the harbor for eight centuries. Nobody wanted all that bronze?
I guess the city council wanted to keep the tourists coming, and inertia did the rest. It's interesting that the statue was finally scrapped almost as soon as Rhodes fell out of Roman control.
4:26 - FINALLY. About time someone mentioned my boi Caecilius!
Your visuals never cease to make me laugh with how dry they are. Feels like a lecture with a devoted but not self-serious professor, which is not a surprise but is something I miss very much.
Just finished your book while traveling in Thailand. Had a blast reading it and love the videos.
So Thales was less wrong than all the philosophers after him. Yes, the crust of the earth and its plates swim. Not on the allencompassing sea, but on the semiliquid mantle, but still...
Very interesting! Particularly also the collection of ancient earthquake theories.
Thanks for giving the different protoscientific theories that existed in this period. Very cool
On the topic of disaster relief at 7:23, I'm surprised that the earthquake of Rhodes of 226 BCE (the one that destroyed the colossus) wasn't brought up. It was an international effort with all the major powers and kings donating money to rebuilt it, not just out of generosity of spirit, but as a competition to impress the "free" cities with how benevolent they were and to show off their patronage of the Greek heartland. One of the many cases where there's a distinct echo of modernity in the Hellenistic era.
Rewatch the video. 2:33
@@Gentleman...Driver Reread the comment. I know he mentioned that earthquake, but he did not mention the rather unique (at the time) international response to it.
A good point! I was so focused on the emperors that I completely forgot to mention the most impressive example of Hellenistic earthquake relief.
@@QuantumHistorian Your comment was of the form "on the topic of X, i'm surprised that Y, a related but distinct event, was not mentioned." It was mentioned. The second part of your sentence should have "response to [the earthquake]" - there is no reason to assume you meant some unique response effort.
@@nullifye7816 No, my comment was of the form "Example Y was not used when discussing the topic X", and I used the flexibility of English grammar to move the latter clause to the front as that's what I wanted to stress.
If someone is incapable of using the context of one half of a sentence (that's only 26 words long) to understand the other half, and instead jump to the conclusion that the writer of said sentence is a moron who can't remember a 10min video that they literally just watched; that's on them. Could it have been clearer? Sure. Am I going to spend the time to write a youtube comment such that there is no possible ambiguity for any reader, even one approaching it with a hostile desire to misunderstand it? Hell no.
Thank you for this. I actually volunteered in Southern Turkey and North Syria for 23 days, with the Red Crescent. People out there need all the help they can get.
Awesome content as always! ✌️
Thank you for doing this. I appreciate every help that goes towards earthquake relief.
Thank you for helping us, also including the news with relevant topic. ❤
Very interesting topic
Love these- keep up the great work, Garrett 👏
Poseidon/Neptune: *Can cause giant eathquakes with his powers*
Caligula: "So, anyway, I started defying..."
He can't bribe the Earth into shaking without his seashells
A worthy fundraiser! (That said, many politicians and real estate developers need to go to jail over the shoddy construction that caused so much death and suffering)
Terrific video for a good cause
Isn't that where the holy hand grenade was from? So cool!
Good subject. Great video.
"were shaked" X → were shaken 〇
shake - shook - shaken.
I know that in casual English these days, we often just use the past tense in place of the past participle, but "shaked" is not even correct past tense!
-"There has been a recent earthquake in Pompeii and I think that should concern you, Caesar."
-"Improving my reputation as an artist is much more important now than a simple earthquake."
-"Rome is much more than the simple aspirations of a pretentious and mediocre aspiring artist!"
-"HOW DARE YOU INSULT THE EMPEROR WITH SUCH LICENTIOUSNESS?!"
-"A man given only one year to live by his doctors has nothing to lose. For once you will hear the truth, Caesar. Pompeii is in grave danger, and the last thing you should care about now is your obscene dancing and hideous singing."
-"And why should I worry about Pompey's stupid population instead of my great career as an artist?! It is pretty obvious which of the two matters will go down in eternity!"
*Argument between Emperor Nero and a Senator in 62 A.D.*
We love all your videos Garret - great presentations and great insights.
Great job on this video.
You really go above and beyond 👍
you are a really good person. It is invaluable that you are worried about us at such dire times. Indeed, the first few days were apocalyptic, scarier than even the worst nightmares. but even a kind word from you good-hearted people around the world is enough to ease the pain. Good luck and I hope you always have a happy life. All Turkish people are grateful to you...
Thanks for asking for the contributions. I have given to both Direct Relief and Americares for years. They are superb charitable organizations when disaster strikes.
excellent.
Love your videos! I'm addicted
A quote from my favorite historian Cassius Dio about the Antioch earthquake. Great!
Hey just found your channel, been following your answers on Quora for a while, thank you for doing what you do!
Any updates on your second book Garrett? I'm waiting for this thing like you won't believe. I'm reading other stuff just as a stopgap.
I finished the copyediting today! I'll make an announcement when everything is ready.
Plate tectonics theory wasn’t accepted by the geoscience community until the famous Asilomar conference in 1970. When I began studying geology ten years later, it had just been added to new textbooks and many of my professors didn’t believe in it, as least not completely. Of course, the evidence in support of it has continued to grow over the last 40+ years. It turned out to be the greatest unifying theory ever to explain what we observe about the earth and other planets. Captain Harry Hess, a WWII Navy Captain and geologist, provided a lot of the initial evidence when his map of the seafloor was produced. On every cross-Atlantic mission, he routinely towed a magnetometer behind his ship and recorded the data. The results revealed the polarity reversals in the magnetic minerals of the seafloor basalts, afterward confirmed by drilling oriented rock core samples from the seafloor. This produced evidence of seafloor spreading of new oceanic crust added along the ridges, features never before suspected beneath the oceans.
Awesome video. I had some sound issues at the beginning though.
good program
Extremely informative, needed a date for the Destruction of the Pillars of Heracles
I think I would have favored the "variation in wetness" theory. In some places, the soil expands and contracts significantly based on how wet it is, leading to foundation damage. I can imagine someone concluding that the same process, on a larger and faster scale, might be what cracks rocks and damages buidlings in earthquakes.
What is the painting at 1:53, when Garrett is talking about Sparta and the Helots?
I love ur channel. There are so many channels that suggest aliens and the paranormal, that it's. Great to see actual history. Just subscribed. Keep up the great work.
4:29 the forum collapsed, but not the tower of Pisa 😉
i am a simple man, i see a toldinstone video, i click. i watch.
6:23 who would’ve thought that the first person to theorize about earthquakes was the closest
Wonders of the World: Exist
Earthquake: "And I took that personally..."
it would be nice if you mentioned the quakes that hit the city of durres (epidamnus, dyrrachium) in albania (it used to be one of the biggest cities in the entire mediterrean during classical and roman times)
they completly destroyed the city numerous times followed by tsunamis and everytime it was rebuilt bigger.
These early Greek philosophers created the paradigm shift that was the beginning of all science by attributing events like earthquakes, volcanoes, etc., to forces of nature, not the arbitrary and capricious acts of “The Gods”. Many, of course, continued to believe in those gods, but it was a great beginning to more reasonably and logically explain what we actually observe in the world. The brilliance and importance of this paradigm shift, the First Scientific Revolution, in my opinion, can’t be overrated.
It’s Sod’s Law that they built such beautiful buildings in locations vulnerable to quakes, volcanoes and tsunamis.
Knowing my luck, if I built a petrol/gas station, there would be no gasoline underneath.
I think you'll be happy the find out that gas stations have underground tanks that get regularly filled up with gasoline through transport trucks.
It seems that Thales, the first philosopher, was right, and later one got further away from the truth until Aristotle messed it up completely. Thales just mistook water for molten rocks. He almost anticipated Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory.
Great video! Should have 190 000 click'sand not 9000. what a shame. If one reread about the 7 worldwonders, one will notice that 3 of the 7 were destroyed or damaged by earthquakes. Lighthouse of Alexandria. Mausoleum of Harlikanossos and the temple of Artemis, if I remember correctly. It’s a shame none, besides the pyramids, exists today. Of the 6 missing I would most like to visit the stature of Zeus and the lighthouse.
I'm trusting your judgement on who to donate to. I did want to donate before but was unsure of how to avoid scams.
Direct Relief has an excellent record, and is committed to giving 100% of all donations to the people they're trying to help.
@@toldinstone And that's why I let someone I trust show me who to donate to!
I live in Southern Albania. My building can handle an 8 supposedly. We have earthquakes very often, but we blow most of them off.
4:59 that millions of years theory 🤣🤣
Love it how ancient thinkers tried to describe earthquakes. For the lack of proper words none of them were all that much in the wrong.
I once read about the earthquake in Nikomedeia and how the buildings cascaded the one on top of the other down the slope. Terrifying
The December 115 CE earthquake in Antioch was a bad omen for Trajan, who was in the city to begin his third Parthic campaign. It's been suggested that the persecution of Antioch Christians in July 116 CE, and the transport of St. Ignatius to Rome where he was martyred, were part of the emperor's efforts to placate the gods.
Thales theory for the cause behind earthquakes is technically accurate, the earths plates essentially float on a sea of magma. As a side-note converging ocean tectonic plates push sea water below the crust and into the mantle.
What I don't understand is why humanity has continued to inhabit such devastatingly active seismic zones without at least somewhat adapting their building styles to accommodate earthquakes the way the Japanese and Chinese have in their traditional architecture.
Don't most developed or developing cities now have architecture that can withstand earthquakes better than in the past?
Cities are located on strategic points of interests. Such as natural harbours, closing mountain ranges or swamps that are easy to defend. Just a few examples. They are very important for trading, for the economy and to provide infrastructure for armies. They have had defenses and became part of the identity of the people living there.
If we would abandon all the settlements that are in danger of earth quakes, vulcano erruptions, floodings and storms, then, well, we would give up lots and lots and lots of living space.
I mean, yes, I can see your point. But major earthquakes or major storms are not THAT common. Like last time Antioch was destroyed by such a thing it has been 1,500 years... Thats life. After death and destruction comes life and rebuilding, and keeping the "soul" and the culture of a place to remember the ancestors (okay, I think modern turks dont have such in common with the people that lived there in antiquity, but you get the point).
Also cost for rebuilding and time to rebuild is a part you should consider. Like thousands, if not tens of thousands or sometimes hundreds of thousands get homeless and they need shelter from the elements. So rebuilding quickly is a major concern. Rebuilding walls so that your enemies cant take over the city, etc.
And those people, who lost their homes, are poor. So they cant afford to make it fancy/to use more building materials (of which they are not enough around after a destruction of this magnitude).
In Turkey particular buildings are because of corruption and greedyness of the owners not up to standard.
@@Llllltryytcc Apparently not in Turkey.
so i want to buy your book....... but are you going to make a second or expand it into a new book? just want to make sure when i buy this book not 1 month later youll release a revised bigger book
Only 10 mins!!!! 😢
Cool
Poseidon as Restrainer. Interesting
thanks for the video. by the way, i think the picture you used may have been taken from a video i took? i'm not sure, but i took a bunch of photos and videos and they ended up appearing on chinese news. in any case, i stayed at that shelter in gaziantep in the photo. needless to say, i don't miss the place at all. :D over all, i rate the entire earthquake experience 1/10 stars. would not recommend. haha
I hope I didn't use any of your material! If I did, it was second- or third-hand. My video editor restricts himself to public domain content.
@@toldinstone I am not entirely certain. If it is, I'm happy to contribute. There were a lot of people at that shelter, anyway, and a lot of people with cellphones, so i'm sure I wasn't the only one sharing stuff. 🤷🏻♂️ Regardless, I love your videos.
Any one ever consider that there may be a better site to rebuild than a place flattened again and again?
Anger of gods, sun
A cataclysmic event destroyed ancient city of Epidaurum, today's Cavtat near Dubrovnik in Croatia. Scholars atribute it simply to an "earthquake", but when considering that It happened on July 21st in 365.... oh boy...that Crete earthquake indeed was a cataclysmic one, when it destroyed a cities on the Adriatic coast.
Would you consider indicating the titles of some of the works of art which you use to illustrate your lectures? For example what is the title of the painting which bears the title "Herakleos" in this video?
Was wondering why you didn't mention Petra.
It’s a shame that they didn’t know about tsunamis, apparently they were roaming about the shores when they should have been running for the highest ground.
In every video I have the beginning audio missing from each sentence. I'm sure I'm not the only one. It isn't a browser issue.
“Early Byzantine tectonic paroxysm”
Seems that city needs to move.
I wish you wouldn’t move the background image around behind the quote, it makes it hard to read, thanks.
Does anyone else fantasize about going back in time with modern knowledge and like running an empire, No just me?
The History of Atlantis was inspired by Socrates, representative discussion of the previous day
It was documented in Egyptian,passed on to Solon, who’s writing was passed on to Critias senior,and
Critias grandson talked about it in the discussion with Socrates
Plato wrote about the discussion of Atlantis on that day
Plato was Not Inspired by any other event , only the events of that days Discussion
For Antioch.
the roman city of umm al jimal is still in its shape after th7 century earthquake
It's funny (not "ha ha" funny) that so many people from the Mediterranean region emigrated to the west coast of the US. . .which is on the Ring of Fire.
6:21 The closest to the truth.
Time to sip my non-existent espresso and enjoy this delicious video
Anyone know what Romans thought earthquakes were?
I wish I could donate.
Minor nitpick, but that's not what Seneca looked like. That image is based on a statue found at the Villa of the Papyri now known as the Pseudo-Secneca. Thought for centuries to be Seneca, it's now believed to be either Hesiod or Aristophanes. The real Seneca, as per his bust that has been mostly confirmed, far more resembles the patrician we can imagine from his writings.
The World rests atop four elephants standing on the back of a gargantuan turtle. Earthquakes happen when the turtle mates. Simple enough.
In a time before science, every disaster must have seemed terrifyingly capricious. Then we hit modern America and the silly superstition started all over again. Sigh.
Algorithm
I hate to be “that guy” but maybe don’t rebuild the city again for it to just get destroyed in like 10 years again?
Surely there is places in turcky and seria that are more stable to build a city on.
Is it just me, or does it just seem time to admit building anything in that zone is really dumb. And fatally dangerous. Take the relief money and move out of there FFS.
Greeks while watching the Colossus of Rhodes: "IT'S BEAUTIFUL" 😢
Muslims while watching the Colossus of Rhodes: "IT'S PROFITABLE" 🤑
Europeans @ the native American landscape
The pope looking at ancient Roman buildings: "IT'S A NEW CHURCH WITH MY NAME ON IT"
Sinners have always been punished by God.
I meant to say: buildings can be built to withstand ANY earthquake. good building codes = life.......bad building codes = death. Turkey and nearby countries have BAD building codes .....