Notes: 0:10 WBC casts in urine: AIN or Pyelo 0:17 Uremia, When dialysis: HUS< EHEC, uremic pericarditis, platelet dysfunction, asterixis 1:46 CKD: HTN and DM 1:58 Dialysis indications: Acidosis (refractory), Electrolytes (K!), Ingestions (methanol, aspirin, lithium, ethylene glycol) , Overload (from CKD), Uremia 2:33 AIN: Allergic rxn to drugs (NSAIDs, Diuretics, Abx)- Fever, Eosinophilia, Azotemia, Rash, hematuria, WBC casts 3:22 ATN: Hypoxia or toxins (shock> pre-renal azotemia (BUN/Cr>20)) ->muddy brown casts tx: IVF 4:16 RTAs: Non-gap (NAGMA)> diarrhea and RTAs (vs HAGMA->MUD PILES) 5:23 RTA Type I- under excreted H+, kidney stONEs 5:57 RTA Type II- BIcarb not absorbed 6:11 RTA Type IV- HYPO ALDOstreone- Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, aldosterone causes excretion of H+! 7:22 Metabolic alkalosis >check urine Cl (high? kidney problem, can't reabsorb, low? kidneys are concentrating but you are losing volume, ex. vomiting, give fluids) 7:55 Steatorrhea-> binds Ca in terminal ileum (saponification), oxalate left over, oxalate stones! in kidneys. (better to eat more Ca to have it in terminal ileum)- kidney stones? Diet: low salt, low fat, high Ca, lots of water 9:53 Cancers- Pt1: elderly male w smoking Hx, gross painless hematuria- renal cell Ca or bladder ca 10:03 Renal cell Ca- flank pain, abd mass, get CT abd, tx: nephrectomy 10:25 bladder ca (transitional cell ca due to carcinogens in cigarettes)- cystoscopy 11:01 pt2: young male with irregulaly shaped painless mass in testicle->dx: scrotal US-> may be testicular Ca, if suspicius, DO NOT BIOPSY (may seed!), tx: inguinal orchiectomy (the biopsy after removed) 11:33 Testicular pain (torsion vs. epididymitis) torsion: acute onset, cord not tender, no cremasteric reflex, worse with scrotal elevation-> dx: if unclear get doppler US (decreased blood flow), if very clear>tx: surgery (bilateral orchiopexy); epididymitis: tender cord, better when elevating scrotum, may have fever 13:54- epididymitis vs orchiitis vs prostatitis- young pt: gono/chlamydia (Ceftriaxone and Azithro) ; old pt: e.coli (fluoroquinolone)
Thank you so much man, u're awesome!!!! Here's a mnemonic that I use for rta: 2,1,4 Low, low, more (for k+ level) No, yes, no (for renal stones which means the Ca level is also only high in rta1) Also ph level is only different in the middle one too (rta1) which is >5.5 In general the different one is rta1 other than K+ level
I was waiting for a renal video from you before my step 2ck..finished it two weeks back! thanks a bunch for ur videos..gonna keep reviewing them for my step 3 too 🙌🏼
Easy way to remember it is nephrotic syndrome is proteinuria 3.5+ grams/day. Nephritic syndrome is a combination of kidney based hematuria and proteinuria but
Notes:
0:10 WBC casts in urine: AIN or Pyelo
0:17 Uremia, When dialysis: HUS< EHEC, uremic pericarditis, platelet dysfunction, asterixis
1:46 CKD: HTN and DM
1:58 Dialysis indications: Acidosis (refractory), Electrolytes (K!), Ingestions (methanol, aspirin, lithium, ethylene glycol) , Overload (from CKD), Uremia
2:33 AIN: Allergic rxn to drugs (NSAIDs, Diuretics, Abx)- Fever, Eosinophilia, Azotemia, Rash, hematuria, WBC casts
3:22 ATN: Hypoxia or toxins (shock> pre-renal azotemia (BUN/Cr>20)) ->muddy brown casts tx: IVF
4:16 RTAs: Non-gap (NAGMA)> diarrhea and RTAs (vs HAGMA->MUD PILES)
5:23 RTA Type I- under excreted H+, kidney stONEs
5:57 RTA Type II- BIcarb not absorbed
6:11 RTA Type IV- HYPO ALDOstreone- Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, aldosterone causes excretion of H+!
7:22 Metabolic alkalosis >check urine Cl (high? kidney problem, can't reabsorb, low? kidneys are concentrating but you are losing volume, ex. vomiting, give fluids)
7:55 Steatorrhea-> binds Ca in terminal ileum (saponification), oxalate left over, oxalate stones! in kidneys. (better to eat more Ca to have it in terminal ileum)- kidney stones? Diet: low salt, low fat, high Ca, lots of water
9:53 Cancers- Pt1: elderly male w smoking Hx, gross painless hematuria- renal cell Ca or bladder ca
10:03 Renal cell Ca- flank pain, abd mass, get CT abd, tx: nephrectomy
10:25 bladder ca (transitional cell ca due to carcinogens in cigarettes)- cystoscopy
11:01 pt2: young male with irregulaly shaped painless mass in testicle->dx: scrotal US-> may be testicular Ca, if suspicius, DO NOT BIOPSY (may seed!), tx: inguinal orchiectomy (the biopsy after removed)
11:33 Testicular pain (torsion vs. epididymitis) torsion: acute onset, cord not tender, no cremasteric reflex, worse with scrotal elevation-> dx: if unclear get doppler US (decreased blood flow), if very clear>tx: surgery (bilateral orchiopexy); epididymitis: tender cord, better when elevating scrotum, may have fever
13:54- epididymitis vs orchiitis vs prostatitis- young pt: gono/chlamydia (Ceftriaxone and Azithro) ; old pt: e.coli (fluoroquinolone)
Thankyou so much🙏
👍
Renal tubular acidosis explanations are short and sweet! Thank you for simplifying it!
You're explanation for RTAs and calcium oxalate stones are gold! These videos have been key part of my step 2 studying. Thanks!!
No problem! All the best
How did I just learn more renal physiology in 15 minutes than I did in weeks worth of renal uworld problems 🙃 you're a lifesaver Dr. High Yield 🥰
Thank you so much man, u're awesome!!!!
Here's a mnemonic that I use for rta:
2,1,4
Low, low, more (for k+ level)
No, yes, no (for renal stones which means the Ca level is also only high in rta1)
Also ph level is only different in the middle one too (rta1) which is >5.5
In general the different one is rta1 other than K+ level
Thank you for your videos which I listen to while jogging.
I was waiting for a renal video from you before my step 2ck..finished it two weeks back! thanks a bunch for ur videos..gonna keep reviewing them for my step 3 too 🙌🏼
Omg thank you no one ever explained the calcium oxalate stone mechanism. I never understood why just memorized it thank you !
You never watched Pathoma lol
@@MikeSmith-zo6eu I watched pathoma like 10x lol
You’re honestly such a boss!
Why in type 4 RTA the urine PH is low
Nephrotic vs nephritic Plz
Easy way to remember it is nephrotic syndrome is proteinuria 3.5+ grams/day. Nephritic syndrome is a combination of kidney based hematuria and proteinuria but
thank you :)
It is a good description for indications of hemodialysis.
Please tell us what specialty you went into
it is help me alot
Brilliant!
Amazing
Thanks for uploading! All your videos are great! Can you please upload one for Haem/Onc too?
Yes I'm uploading the rest of them :)
@@DoctorHighYieldMD thanks a million! You are AWESOME!!!!