I majored in Computer Science, and I always tell people "However complicated you imagine computers to be, the reality is much MUCH worse." I am continually astounded that anything this complicated ever works correctly.
@@Karuska22ps mostly economy I'd say. I work in a big company as an engineer. They had a huge hiring pool. We'll probably see demand go back to normal when the economy picks back up. But relatively, I'd say it's more in demand than other job fields.
Its complicated and astounding and it works correctly because of computerized machines making them to perfection. Maybe computer science isnt your thing. l2p.
Sometimes I'm really terrified how human can progress so vigorously from 1900 to 2000s, any of our modern technology is easily seen as black magic back in the days.
I think equally as fascinating is all the equipment that is used to create these chips, they have to be so precise and exact and have no room for error in such a small surface area, yet they are exactly that precise
I did my engineering in electronics and communication...and I can relate it ..how complex it is to make even a single chip and how complex electronics is!! But fortunately I'm lucky that I have gained a knowledge about electronics components..how it is made and what is the concept behind working of transistors and MOSFETs... by the way electronics is like an ocean as it is containing an uncountable information and beautiful concepts.
I’m considering from switching to Mechanical to electronics given my increase interest in the world of electronics. However, I am still a noob and barely have any knowledge 😔
First, it would reduce yield counts since there are always imperfections so you'd need larger amounts of redundancy and budget set aside to trash a lot of product that would be unsellable. Second, increasing the surface area starts to introduce significant issues with timing as the speed of light (or close to it for electrons) becomes a limiting factor. Third, you'd be competing with economics of regular chips that could do essentially the same thing when run in parallel, which is what all modern computing does anyway. All these factors are significant issues because if you can't offer a product that achieves what's better on the shelf for less money, it's not going to sell. Chip making is a pure commodities market.
A microchip is an amazing piece of technology but you also have to know a machine makes it and someone had to design and build it too, making it even more fascinating.
The funny thing is, this is a video showing us microprocessors making microprocessors. I want to see a video of the first microprocessor being made. How did they do that?
you can make your own microprocessor if you wanted to, obviously it would be nowhere near as complex as this but it is possible and many people do it as a hobby, as well as class projects.
That’s what I was thinking as well 😁 these high tech automated machines must use these aswell, so how was the first ever microchip created before these intelligent equipment 🥶
you start with really oversized things to build machinery capable of building smaller and more precise ones, and then spend decades downscaling. I mean back in the day things still ran on vacuum tubes in place of transistors and a computer the size of a house wouldn't come close to out-computing a modern graphing calculator.
That's just it... They weren't precise at all, compared to today. But they gradually shrunk the process down, iteration after iteration. The silicon wasn't as pure back then either, but it didn't matter as much because they were making much larger chips that could tolerate such defects.
"Microchips are made in extremely sterile conditions". No they are not. There is a difference between clean and sterile, hence the name cleanroom...:-)
Bacteria can also be considered particles and will not penetrate the HEPA filters of a decent clean room. Older clean rooms were often more strict than the newer of today. I worked in class 10 and even class 1 clean rooms. Later in a newer factory it was a class 1000 clean room (less clean) but the wafers where housed in air tight pods (also shown in the video) that function as a tiny clean room for the wafers.
@@Alucard-gt1zf What if a surgeon coughs above a wound during surgery. An operation room is also not sterile. Only the instruments that the surgeon uses are steril. In a clean room, your mouth and nose are covered. In a modern clean room the wafers are in pods, you can't cough on a wafer.
@@Richard-bq3ni Ohh, you could cough on a wafer, but you would have to take it out of the pod first, which takes special tools at a special station - that's a lot of effort for a silly reason to be fired. 😛 While most bacteria will probably get stuck in the filters, some of the smaller ones will probably get through and many viruses will also get through. The people inside the room will also constantly shed viruses and bacteria that they carry - most will get stuck in the mask, but not all of them. The room is clean, not sterile. There is no effort to kill those bacteria and viruses in semiconductor fabs - pharma clean rooms do ionize the air and/or use biocides in addition to filters.
Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years. Moore's law is an observation and projection of a historical trend. Rather than a law of physics, it is an empirical relationship linked to gains from experience in production.
That was more of an "introduction" than my introduction to digital electronics class. Thank goodness I learned how to calculate voltages at various nodes along a single transistor.
While the main chain of common organic synthetic polymers consists of repeating carbon (C) atoms, silicone is an "inorganic synthetic polymer" whose main chain is made of polysiloxane, which is the repetition of silicon(Si) and oxygen(O) atoms
@@rokas8594 Precisely. Silicon and Silicone and completely different materials. One is an element, the other is a compound. One is a metal, the other is a polymer. Different chemical formulas, different properties, different everything. It's like comparing water with hydrogen, they couldn't be more different.
@@starcraft2f2p77 Yep, he talks about silicon as an element and shows silicone in a mixing machine. Let's call this a "creative mistake". Silicon, the element, has more in common with other metals than with most non-metals: it is silvery grey (silvery enough to think "metal" and grey enough to have some slight doubt). It feels cold to the touch. In its impure elemental form (99% or less) it is a weak conductor. It easily alloys with other metals - much more easily than carbon. And it exists in a typical metal-like crystal lattice. There is some justification to call it a metal, although it is clearly an outlier amongst the metals.
Consider also that while there are 10s of billions of transistors and connections on a single chip, MANY chips have to work, and continue to work well for years. It used to be that one failure in a million was considered good, now with cars and many things having hundreds or thousands of chips in each thing, they have to be far more reliable or you see unacceptable losses (picture 1 out of 10,000 cars or worse failing due to bad electronics). That means you need over a million good chips, each with 10s of billions of transistors, a failure rate less than 1 in 10^16, or 1 in 10 quadrillion. Astonishing.
Of course not, they are using metric system like the rest of the world. Inches was used to describe it to american audience, but they may also say "very small".
That’s an absolutely stunning video. Good creative work and great editing skills. Truly this video is very informative and eye-catching. Looking forward for many more such good videos from you. Good luck and God Bless for your future, life and career...............
The chip is an invention of Frits Philips in 1968 it's also callled somehow a Nano, chips make digitalizing possible so that computercapabilities gofaster and more stable than analogue. Any question is like(d)
Moore's Law: "Every 2 years, transistor numbers will double in count as the size of transistors are decreased proportionally" Quantum Physics: "Are you sure about that"
Volume is the key. As you might have guessed, designing and building chips is extremely expensive. So it is only worth the effort if you can sell lots of them. So the functions the chips have to perform are either so basic that they are required by many different companies or the chips are so versatile they can be used in many applications. Building your own chip is rarely worth it. If you need customized hardware, most companies use FPGAs.
Wait wait ,00:54 ,i swear I've seen this video titled "candy rolls making", showing the exact same video cutting those colorful sweets , that's not chips that's candy 🍬
The video simplified the making of electronic grade silicon with the words "further processing". Wow!!! This is the highest purity step and probably the hardest in the whole process. I spent 10 years developing the production process to make electronic grade silicon. The maximum Boron concentration allowed in the silicon before making the single crystal is
Is this what mass production of any type of chip looks like or are these the methods used for more advanced chips? How about simpler chips that cost pennies, are they manufactured the same way only with bigger wafers, less clean environments?
There’s gotta be a limit to how small you make them like at a certain point if they get so small wouldn’t quantum mechanics begin to take over such as electrons being able to pass through chips because of the such small size??
Moore's law came to a grinding halt about 5 or 10 years ago. Adding multiple processors to a computer is not the same as increasing the linear computational power of a single processor. My entry level computer from 10 years ago was about 5x faster than the one today - in linear computational terms, even though they sell the illusion of the chips themselves being more powerful by stacking them. This helps games and video yes, but its not because of increase in the power of the chip. Individual chips have actually gotten slower in proper computational terms.
I have two jobs micro computing operator systems data back up, so we all will have microcomputing operator system. I remember micro computing operator systems. And have 10 Percentage of data backed up with support.
I spent over 25 years at Intel and there are many serious errors in this presentation. Showing silicone instead of silicon was the first incredibly stupid error and saying that a single dust particle can kill an entire batch of wafers is totally wrong. A dust particle would take out one single die on one wafer. I quit watching at that point.
I'm not sure if most of this video is even in English! It's a good thing I am not responsible for these things or we would still be using smoke signals for communication.
Interestingly, processing 99% pure silicon (electronic grade) from 98% silicon (metallurgical grade) is more difficult and energy consuming than making 98% Si from silica,SiO2.
When I think this at nano level, I lost myself in another unseen imaginary world. It is beyond my imagination and thinking. I amze to think their thinking power who invented this.
I worked at Micron Technologies in Boise ID in fabrication. Coat/resist technician. Runing back and forth loading, unloading canisters of 12 inch disks. That lasted 9 months until an engineer loaded a routine incompatible with the part type. I failed to check it.. DISMISSED.
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I majored in Computer Science, and I always tell people "However complicated you imagine computers to be, the reality is much MUCH worse." I am continually astounded that anything this complicated ever works correctly.
Isn’t computer science extremely saturated
@@Karuska22ps no. Lot of demand bc so much innovation.
@@KyleCOOLman then why are a lot of companies no longer hiring
@@Karuska22ps mostly economy I'd say. I work in a big company as an engineer. They had a huge hiring pool. We'll probably see demand go back to normal when the economy picks back up. But relatively, I'd say it's more in demand than other job fields.
Its complicated and astounding and it works correctly because of computerized machines making them to perfection.
Maybe computer science isnt your thing. l2p.
Sometimes I'm really terrified how human can progress so vigorously from 1900 to 2000s, any of our modern technology is easily seen as black magic back in the days.
Black Monolith Swiss Army Knife a reality.
because it is
1877sjdbdfdjsj?
@@lindamcdingdong557 but it isn't
Reverse engineering alien technology, its been exposed already for a long time, the resistor capacitors and transistors took us ages into the future
I think equally as fascinating is all the equipment that is used to create these chips, they have to be so precise and exact and have no room for error in such a small surface area, yet they are exactly that precise
I did my engineering in electronics and communication...and I can relate it ..how complex it is to make even a single chip and how complex electronics is!! But fortunately I'm lucky that I have gained a knowledge about electronics components..how it is made and what is the concept behind working of transistors and MOSFETs... by the way electronics is like an ocean as it is containing an uncountable information and beautiful concepts.
I’m considering from switching to Mechanical to electronics given my increase interest in the world of electronics. However, I am still a noob and barely have any knowledge 😔
the touchpad suddenly seem look better
Question: why don't they make bigger chip? Wouldn't it have more surface area for more transistors, thus more powerful?
There are but also the chip will generation large amount of heat and you will need large cooling. not ideal for phones, tablets, hand held devices
@@zenniz1992 also need large energy mean they need large battery.
First, it would reduce yield counts since there are always imperfections so you'd need larger amounts of redundancy and budget set aside to trash a lot of product that would be unsellable. Second, increasing the surface area starts to introduce significant issues with timing as the speed of light (or close to it for electrons) becomes a limiting factor. Third, you'd be competing with economics of regular chips that could do essentially the same thing when run in parallel, which is what all modern computing does anyway. All these factors are significant issues because if you can't offer a product that achieves what's better on the shelf for less money, it's not going to sell. Chip making is a pure commodities market.
That's incredible 💥.
I have been searching through internet many times to find out how the chips are made but i finally know now... 🔥
Great video 🔥🔥
I love potato chips too
No one actually knows completely how these are made. It was supernatural knowledge from demons.
A microchip is an amazing piece of technology but you also have to know a machine makes it and someone had to design and build it too, making it even more fascinating.
The funny thing is, this is a video showing us microprocessors making microprocessors. I want to see a video of the first microprocessor being made. How did they do that?
Intel 4004, chemical reactions.
you can make your own microprocessor if you wanted to, obviously it would be nowhere near as complex as this but it is possible and many people do it as a hobby, as well as class projects.
That’s what I was thinking as well 😁 these high tech automated machines must use these aswell, so how was the first ever microchip created before these intelligent equipment 🥶
Human created the first and very basic chips with chemical reactions, then used those chips in basic machines that could make better chips, and so on.
It was aliens who gave us the first microchip
Couldnt have been a better explanation of this topic!!
Silicon's property that It can be altered at the areas where you want current to flow and where to stop makes it most advantageous for computers
Just amazing... thanks for sharing...!! ( We take our daily tasks on our devices for granted...all thanks to these incredible " chips..."!!!)
But how did people build the silicone wafers at first when there were no microchips to operate the precise machinery?
Its an evolution, took 30/40 years to get to that precision..
you start with really oversized things to build machinery capable of building smaller and more precise ones, and then spend decades downscaling.
I mean back in the day things still ran on vacuum tubes in place of transistors and a computer the size of a house wouldn't come close to out-computing a modern graphing calculator.
That's just it... They weren't precise at all, compared to today. But they gradually shrunk the process down, iteration after iteration. The silicon wasn't as pure back then either, but it didn't matter as much because they were making much larger chips that could tolerate such defects.
At first computers weren't built on silicon wafers but instead built by using massive tube based transistors
Befeore microchips, there were.... chips
This is like magic... How TF would someone even come up with this... Mind boggles
No matter how many videos I watch or articles I read I just can't imagine it.
"Microchips are made in extremely sterile conditions". No they are not. There is a difference between clean and sterile, hence the name cleanroom...:-)
Bacteria can also be considered particles and will not penetrate the HEPA filters of a decent clean room.
Older clean rooms were often more strict than the newer of today.
I worked in class 10 and even class 1 clean rooms. Later in a newer factory it was a class 1000 clean room (less clean) but the wafers where housed in air tight pods (also shown in the video) that function as a tiny clean room for the wafers.
Try coughing on a silicon wafer and see how quickly you're kicked out I dare you
@@Alucard-gt1zf
What if a surgeon coughs above a wound during surgery. An operation room is also not sterile. Only the instruments that the surgeon uses are steril.
In a clean room, your mouth and nose are covered. In a modern clean room the wafers are in pods, you can't cough on a wafer.
@@Richard-bq3ni the reason why surgeons wear surgical masks
@@Richard-bq3ni Ohh, you could cough on a wafer, but you would have to take it out of the pod first, which takes special tools at a special station - that's a lot of effort for a silly reason to be fired. 😛
While most bacteria will probably get stuck in the filters, some of the smaller ones will probably get through and many viruses will also get through. The people inside the room will also constantly shed viruses and bacteria that they carry - most will get stuck in the mask, but not all of them. The room is clean, not sterile. There is no effort to kill those bacteria and viruses in semiconductor fabs - pharma clean rooms do ionize the air and/or use biocides in addition to filters.
This is one of the most fundamentally educative source I've came across. Splendid 🔥
that part about "after further processing" theres the rub, the genius, the nadness
Nothing will replace the iconic classic "Silicon Run II"
Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years.
Moore's law is an observation and projection of a historical trend.
Rather than a law of physics, it is an empirical relationship linked to gains from experience in production.
That was more of an "introduction" than my introduction to digital electronics class. Thank goodness I learned how to calculate voltages at various nodes along a single transistor.
most and incredible man-made invention ever
0:54 I laughed so hard at this.
That's SILICONE, not SILICON.
The final E makes it a completely different material.
While the main chain of common organic synthetic polymers consists of repeating carbon (C) atoms, silicone is an "inorganic synthetic polymer" whose main chain is made of polysiloxane, which is the repetition of silicon(Si) and oxygen(O) atoms
@@rokas8594 Precisely. Silicon and Silicone and completely different materials. One is an element, the other is a compound. One is a metal, the other is a polymer. Different chemical formulas, different properties, different everything.
It's like comparing water with hydrogen, they couldn't be more different.
He is talking about Silicon as an element on the planet, also Silicon is not a metal.
When did he ever said anything about silicone? Are you braindead?
@@starcraft2f2p77 Yep, he talks about silicon as an element and shows silicone in a mixing machine. Let's call this a "creative mistake".
Silicon, the element, has more in common with other metals than with most non-metals: it is silvery grey (silvery enough to think "metal" and grey enough to have some slight doubt). It feels cold to the touch. In its impure elemental form (99% or less) it is a weak conductor. It easily alloys with other metals - much more easily than carbon. And it exists in a typical metal-like crystal lattice. There is some justification to call it a metal, although it is clearly an outlier amongst the metals.
Consider also that while there are 10s of billions of transistors and connections on a single chip, MANY chips have to work, and continue to work well for years. It used to be that one failure in a million was considered good, now with cars and many things having hundreds or thousands of chips in each thing, they have to be far more reliable or you see unacceptable losses (picture 1 out of 10,000 cars or worse failing due to bad electronics). That means you need over a million good chips, each with 10s of billions of transistors, a failure rate less than 1 in 10^16, or 1 in 10 quadrillion. Astonishing.
Oh so that's why the wafers are round! I was always curious about that. Awesome video!
Thank you. Think I might to watch this multiple times because it was a lot for me.
BLOCK COMPUTERS & CONSOLES ARE THE FUTURE WITH FUSION & FUSION GAS.
The transistor size is given in inches (8 x 10 power -8) and metres (2 nm). Do chip makers work with inches?
Of course not, they are using metric system like the rest of the world. Inches was used to describe it to american audience, but they may also say "very small".
probably just written so that it makes sense to americans
@@ciarangale4738 Do you think the average american know what "8x10^-8 inches" is? lol!
@@kord2003 a tiny bit of a tomato*
2 nm? So its dissolved in liquid and flows into your blood? Lol
CAN'T BELIEVE THIS!
50 BILLION TRANSISTORS IN ONE CHIP!
HOW DO YOU EVEN IMPRINT THAT!!!
Earlier i thought CODING is the toughest job, but this ripped my belief
That’s an absolutely stunning video. Good creative work and great editing skills. Truly this video is very informative and eye-catching. Looking forward for many more such good videos from you. Good luck and God Bless for your future, life and career...............
This is a great learning material, thank you!,
The chip is an invention of Frits Philips in 1968 it's also callled somehow a Nano, chips make digitalizing possible so that computercapabilities gofaster and more stable than analogue. Any question is like(d)
State-of-the-art today, obsolete tomorrow.
I kind of imagine chip architects to be like those people who were laying in the milk bath from Minority Report all day.
As the sameway we could shrink the
Big system that is newly made with more efficient in future as shrinked like this
I worked as Facilities Technician in Motorola, Intel, ACP Philippines semi-conductor manufacturing plant I am familiar with those wafers
The process resembles the process of plate making in printing.
For me it's amazing. Who discovered this? How is it even possible?! We lived in the caves. Hunted dinosaurs!!!
This is unreal I’m amazed studying tech
I’m a huge advocate of putting microchips in the brain
I’ve always been a pretty curious and smart guy but for whatever reason when it comes to microchips understanding it goes right over my head
Whatever they do to make their facilities so dust free is what I want to do to my house.
The dust in your home is 85 percent human skin, not much you can do about shedding skin cells. we are the pollutant.
its a miracle, sand is doing everything for us now a days so amazing
Moore's Law: "Every 2 years, transistor numbers will double in count as the size of transistors are decreased proportionally"
Quantum Physics: "Are you sure about that"
What amazes me more is how do we get one for 10 or less dollars?
Volume is the key. As you might have guessed, designing and building chips is extremely expensive. So it is only worth the effort if you can sell lots of them. So the functions the chips have to perform are either so basic that they are required by many different companies or the chips are so versatile they can be used in many applications. Building your own chip is rarely worth it. If you need customized hardware, most companies use FPGAs.
Wait wait ,00:54 ,i swear I've seen this video titled "candy rolls making", showing the exact same video cutting those colorful sweets , that's not chips that's candy 🍬
damn its like magic
Explanation is so good I will try to do process in home
The video simplified the making of electronic grade silicon with the words "further processing". Wow!!! This is the highest purity step and probably the hardest in the whole process. I spent 10 years developing the production process to make electronic grade silicon. The maximum Boron concentration allowed in the silicon before making the single crystal is
Someone said "good things come in small packages" they were very bloody corect lol.
The future in people's imagination: mega-powerful chips, flying cars...
The future we get: okay, so the earth is not flat...
Imagine when powerful AI begin making breakthroughs in chip manufacturing. Could get wild pretty quickly.
Technology is amazing
Do they make resistors and diodes on the chip?
I am going to watch this 100 times until i understand everything. Warching it the first time and i didn't catch much at all of what was said
Hey, are they making potato chips like this now? They have been going up in price like they are! Great video!
Matchless Video
Then just imagine how complicated the human brain is.
This video shows rollers processing siliconE sheets!!! And so the confusion between silicon and silicone is further continued onWTF!
thank you
Another interesting thing about the process is that ONE machine costs hundreds of millions of dollars
Is this what mass production of any type of chip looks like or are these the methods used for more advanced chips? How about simpler chips that cost pennies, are they manufactured the same way only with bigger wafers, less clean environments?
There’s gotta be a limit to how small you make them like at a certain point if they get so small wouldn’t quantum mechanics begin to take over such as electrons being able to pass through chips because of the such small size??
Just saw a video on the quantum computing that described exactly what you just said!
That's actually a problem that's faced today
It happens. Which is why server class machines use error checking memory to minimize disastrous faults that could occur due to this reason.
To be upset over what you don't have is to waste what you do have.
How someone even think of all this things
Moore's law came to a grinding halt about 5 or 10 years ago.
Adding multiple processors to a computer is not the same as increasing the linear computational power of a single processor.
My entry level computer from 10 years ago was about 5x faster than the one today - in linear computational terms, even though they sell the illusion of the chips themselves being more powerful by stacking them. This helps games and video yes, but its not because of increase in the power of the chip. Individual chips have actually gotten slower in proper computational terms.
The precision of those machines is Mind boggling 🤯
Ikr
Me as a geek but this topic is still so difficult to digest
50 billions transistors in a single chip wow.
There would be no useful software without hardware to support them.
It's easy. When the big chip are gone you eat the smaller chips. Be careful, the micro chips left in the bag are salty.
Wow. amazing
I am still alive an constructed along with wrote a electronic book with ISBN number Thanks.
I have two jobs micro computing operator systems data back up, so we all will have microcomputing operator system. I remember micro computing operator systems. And have 10 Percentage of data backed up with support.
just can say incredible
Amazing
Greetings from Brazil
I spent over 25 years at Intel and there are many serious errors in this presentation. Showing silicone instead of silicon was the first incredibly stupid error and saying that a single dust particle can kill an entire batch of wafers is totally wrong. A dust particle would take out one single die on one wafer. I quit watching at that point.
Turning silicone into gold
Which explains why they overheat
thanks to Roswell incident
Miracle Technology!!
I'm not sure if most of this video is even in English! It's a good thing I am not responsible for these things or we would still be using smoke signals for communication.
Aai I think the modern physics is a must have.😅
Superb episode tanq 🎉🎉🎉
Interestingly, processing 99% pure silicon (electronic grade) from 98% silicon (metallurgical grade) is more difficult and energy consuming than making 98% Si from silica,SiO2.
And Taiwan is the biggest micro chip producer in the world.
I am currently studying computer science, and i barely know how to code, and yet tgis is much more complicated, time to change career i guess.
You showed silicone when you talked about silicon. 😢
If civilization is restarted, how can we rediscover on making microchips?
Carefully... That's how
What made the microchips in the machine/robots to make microchips?
Is it me or he sounds like David Blaine?
Irony… begins with “deposition”… lol 🎈
When I think this at nano level, I lost myself in another unseen imaginary world. It is beyond my imagination and thinking. I amze to think their thinking power who invented this.
how do they make the robots that are so precise tho
Nice post with regards By Adv T E Barat Bushan Senior Advocate Member of MHAA Chennai
Switching Diode(smt]thin builtin smartphoneCase(Silicon]
I worked at Micron Technologies in Boise ID in fabrication. Coat/resist technician. Runing back and forth loading, unloading canisters of 12 inch disks. That lasted 9 months until an engineer loaded a routine incompatible with the part type. I failed to check it.. DISMISSED.
How the hell do they make the machines that make the chips? Hurts thinking about it