As someone who owns a Polestar 2 and have owed one for over 3yrs. It's best summarised as a no-nonsense car. It does exactly what it says. To date I have no issues and i have driven close to 30k. I admit it could be more exciting but then there is the Polestar 2 BST edition which is a track focused car. Looking forward to testing the Polestar 4 as a potential replacement.
I have a 3 year old P2 dual motor AWD with pilot and plus packs. I absolutely love it. It sticks to the road and handles dry corners really well in my experience. I agree with the suspension Jim on poorly maintained roads but fortunately that’s not the majority of roads I travel on. The pixel LED lights (pilot pack not Pilot Lite pack)I love for greater vision at night. These are not on some 22/23 models due to the worldwide parts shortage. The Pilot Assist is a really good feature but I prefer to be in control of the car. I have an Ohme home charger and never travel far enough where I need to use public charging. One last thing is it’s rapid.
I had a launch edition Polestar 2 and ran it for 3 years. Great cars - high spec, good quality, loads of tech. The only down side is the interior space is tight in the back for adults, especially with the transmission tunnel through the middle. Oh, and the cup holder locations are awful 🤣 The infotainment was great - I never used CarPlay. I would just send a route to the car via my desktop PC, or iPad app, and the voice control works great. I did the Performance power update, so 460bhp and 700Nm of instant torque made it very quick ⚡️👍🏻 Three years old these are great value - my car cost £50k new in Nov 2020, and sold to someone in Jan 2024 for £23k. It would defo be my choice if I had to buy a used EV privately.
Good review love the way you said many of the things i don't like you will adapt to in 2 weeks as an owner and having read the manual. If only others say this when they do a review
I soooo wanted one of these…. lusted after one for nearly 3yrs. Managed to get a 48hr test drive from Polestar and so glad i did. The looks, build quality and performance are great. But i found the controls very ‘fiddly’ and not intuitive at all. The driving position i felt was ‘cramped’ and my left knee was constantly banging against the tunnel. Went from home to Blenheim Palace and back (about 180ish miles round trip) and by the time we got home both my wife and myself were glad to get out of it. It went from ‘our next car’ to ‘not even if we were given one’
Yeh, Ilke everything about this car except the cramped driving position. I only test drove for an hour but that was enough for me to realise that the cramped "cockpit" wasn't for me. Otherwise its a great car. ..oh apart from the "transission tunnel" which volvos also suffer from. (one tip i found google was good for the controls, eg "OK google turn on the air conditioning" or whatever)
Yes, I had heard about the driving position, but I have switched from a 2020 Tesla Model 3 LR to a 2021 P2 LR DM and am happy to report that I don’t find it cramped at all, but I’m not tall at 1m74. I do have to perfect my technique to avoid banging my head when getting in the car but that is done now. Also visibility past the door pillar is poor at acute angled junctions, something that Model 3 and Renault Zoe do not suffer from.
@@adarshaaryal3527 nothing… i was able to prove that I’d already had 2 test drives, one at a ‘Fully Charged’ show in Farnborough and another when they happened to be very near to where i live about 6 weeks later. And if we were thinking about spending such a huge sum we’d want more than a 20 minute ‘drive around the block’ so i emailed them direct and asked “what’s the possibility” etc, and to my surprise they came back and said ‘Yes, which model and specification would you like?’ We agreed a spec and date and it was delivered to my home address. I seem to recall the 48 hours started about 3pm on a Wednesday and it was collected at roughly the same time two days later on the Friday. Went for a drive, went shopping, went to Blenheim, all very nice, but ultimately not for us.
Wicked video, Jim. Loving the dual camera work and the funny edit after our glovebox update 😆 I love these cars even more now. One day, when I've finally worked hard enough I'd love to rest drive one with a view to leasing 🤞🏼 Thanks again for the great content 👏🏼👏🏼
Nice review Jim. This was on my shopping list but decided on the Ioniq 6 in the end. Currently my Ioniq 6 is in the shop due to failing 12v (regular flat battery) and I'm in a base Polestar 2 rental. I've found I quite like the car, I'd need a bunch of options to consider it, better stereo, matrix lights, HUD etc. But something that would be rule this car out for me is the ridge along the bottom edge of the centre console and way it knocks into my left knee all the time. It actually makes this car quite painful to drive and for me, that alone rules it out. I'm surprised you didn't mention it.
I have a 2021 Hyundai Ioniq and would have considered the 6 but I had the 12v battery issue happen twice and I don't want to deal with it again. The fact they haven't fixed that yet is wild. I'm currently waiting on delivery of my LRSM Polestar 2
@@DefinitelyNotAGuru Adjust the seat height to suit and your knee no longer touches the ridge. It annoyed me on my first test drive as well. 2nd 5 hour test drive and I changed the seating position a bit and no more irritation, with seating comfort still fine. 180 cm tall. This would be the easiest car to learn to operate from the previous 5 I have owned, the videos the company provides you are brilliant. Extremely impressed with my P2LR 2024.
Great review. Can't wait to get a BEV when prices of used ones come down to my modest level. Wish there was an estate version. I'm sure Polestar/Volvo will get round to it.
I've owned Volvos for decades and my feeling when driving the Polestar 2 is this is a Volvo. It's a Volvo with Polestar tuning. I think most Polestars will feel this way except for the Polestar 4 which is based on a Zeekr. I think the car is pretty sporty when you push it.
I love my 2023 P2 LRDM. Up to 16k miles now. I can get 4 miles/kWh but its averaging around 3.5. I hate regen/one pedal driving so drive with it turned off all the time which I'm sure improves the efficiency. There are issues, it really does bang and crash over poor roads surfaces and the fact that it turns on when you sit in it can be annoying - especially if all you want to do is clean the windscreen or lean in to get your phone when you've forgotten it. When you lean on the seat it powers up! I have the Plus pack and Pilot Lite but no leather which I think makes a huge difference to the feeling of quality. Without it I wouldnt say it feels like a 55k car.
Good review, I love my M23 P2. Unfortunately the latest and future Polestar 2s do not have a new infotainment (it does need one). It is AAOS which does have the best google maps and car SOC integration out there but that's where it ends. The Apple Carplay integration is good but wired. The big let down is there is no Android Auto support and probably the P2 will never see it. Polestar have confirmed the P2 will not get a revised infotainment in its lifetime (which is probably 1 or 2 more facelifts). The MY25 only has pack and cabin updates otherwise its the same as the MY24 which was the move to RWD. Its a great car with a few niggles, definitely worth a test drive and the 2nd hand prices are a steal!
I’ve just ordered a LRSM with pilot/plus packs, haven’t even had a test drive as I’m to far away from my nearest centre. Fingers crossed, if I hate it it’s only a four year lease lol.
You will love it 👍🏻 I ordered my P2 when there were only RUclips videos available - no test drives (Aug 2020) I watched the CarWow and Carfection videos and knew it was the car for me ⚡️😊
Cheers Jim,great review but as usual will be better as a lease than an outright purchase deprecation is always the thing a lot of people don't think about👍
Using a Tesla middle screen is SOO much worse for the first time. A Polestar has stalks for wipers and lights, proper buttons for cruise control, etc. But sure, for someone that have used only Tesla's, a Polestar might be an issue. But anyone coming from ICE are guaranteed to feel at home in a Polestar.
Have to agree, dead simple to learn how to use everything and just get in and drive. Son has a 24 model dua motor 3 and I didn't like it's drivers setup at all. Stopped me from buying one.
True but as someone who switched from Model 3 to Polestar 2 I still use the 45+ UK Tesla supercharger locations that are available to non Tesla owners, like Gloucester services. So for occasional long distance I still use Tesla superchargers … may be more of an issue I guess if you are doing 400+ mile drives on a regular basis.
Great review Jim, decent car but at £65k it’s overpriced. Would need to drive it but I’m not seeing its any better than a RWD model 3 with spec’d up paint, alloys and seats.. But it’s £20k more expensive.. And it’s got a transmission tunnel 🤷♂️??
Nice review. I own a LRSM. Had it for nearly a year.✅ Buttons are proper and NOT haptic. Polestar presently offering plus pack for free and dual motor for free. Google maps better than CarPlay version as gives overview. I bought an after market cup holder for the door bin. 2020-2023 FWD suffered from torque steer, 2024 RWD does not ✅. Suspension is somewhat stiff & solid. I average 3.2 to 3.4 miles / kw as motorway more than town driving (less in winter down to 2.8 to 3 miles / kw). 1 year olds of 2024 RWD LRSM available now with at least £10-15k off from when new.
They’re not proper but also not haptics, they’re weird plastic rocker style buttons rather than individual buttons so feel more like haptic, hence the Freudian slip.
They are great EVs, if you like low and sporty... It's all about the driver, passenger space sucks, no 6-footers in the back, no dog in boot (too low profile). As a drivers car, and for 4 people under 6ft it's great... It's not a 5 seater.
£65K ? No thanks but this will make a fantastic 3 year old, used car purchase. I think that is the biggest challenge facing BEVs at the moment, the depreciation.
The Volvo "feel" isn't perhaps all that surprising Jim, as the Polestar began life as a Volvo EV concept, with Polestar taking it over prior to production.
@@markbennett6658 I don't think so. I think the Volvo feel in it defines it while other brands in the Geely group may have a different feel to them. Polestar's personnel are almost all ex-Volvo personnel plus they share a lot of the same components, materials and design philosophy. Zeekr, OTOH, is a Geely brand and they're styled in Sweden but Zeekr is not an offshoot of Volvo and isn't filled with ex-Volvo personnel.
@@markbennett6658 No, I don't think it has to do much with Geely. I think it has to do with Polestar being a direct offshoot of Volvo and that Polestar is a very similar company to Volvo. But Zeekr or Lotus or Geometry or others have a different feel, style to them but still are in the Geely group. At one time Volvo was in the Ford group. I drove a Volvo s40 and a Mazda 3, both built on the same Ford Focus platform. The cars felt nothing alike. They were around the same size and such but the handling, ride, body structure, and a lot of other things felt distinctly different. Sometimes Audis and VWs feel similar and Porsche and Audis feel kind of similar and that's because they share some components. But Polestar is even more similar feeling to Volvo than Audi is to Porsche.
As a PS2 owner myself, the one thing that everyone comments on is the ‘clunk’ when locking and unlocking. I tend to agree it’s not very ‘premium’ sounding.
A Volvo is not a Geely. That's like saying a Porsche is a Volkswagen because VW owns Porsche. A Volvo is an established make that was purchased intact by Geely and remains intact as Volvo under Geely ownership. They continue to build off that know-how in their safety systems and body construction and all else that makes a Volvo so whatever safety and other systems that are in today's Volvos are improvements from yesterday's Volvo. Geely in turn can use some of Volvo's safety and Volvo gets resources and capital from Geely, but a Geely Auto car and a Volvo aren't the same thing. A Geely Group platform has input from many of the brands, Volvo being one of them.
✅ 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗼 : leaselo.co/notaguru-polestar-2-1
As someone who owns a Polestar 2 and have owed one for over 3yrs. It's best summarised as a no-nonsense car. It does exactly what it says. To date I have no issues and i have driven close to 30k. I admit it could be more exciting but then there is the Polestar 2 BST edition which is a track focused car.
Looking forward to testing the Polestar 4 as a potential replacement.
👍
Agree!
I have a 3 year old P2 dual motor AWD with pilot and plus packs. I absolutely love it. It sticks to the road and handles dry corners really well in my experience. I agree with the suspension Jim on poorly maintained roads but fortunately that’s not the majority of roads I travel on. The pixel LED lights (pilot pack not Pilot Lite pack)I love for greater vision at night. These are not on some 22/23 models due to the worldwide parts shortage. The Pilot Assist is a really good feature but I prefer to be in control of the car. I have an Ohme home charger and never travel far enough where I need to use public charging. One last thing is it’s rapid.
Oh that’s the one, goes like a scalded dog!
I had a launch edition Polestar 2 and ran it for 3 years.
Great cars - high spec, good quality, loads of tech. The only down side is the interior space is tight in the back for adults, especially with the transmission tunnel through the middle. Oh, and the cup holder locations are awful 🤣
The infotainment was great - I never used CarPlay. I would just send a route to the car via my desktop PC, or iPad app, and the voice control works great.
I did the Performance power update, so 460bhp and 700Nm of instant torque made it very quick ⚡️👍🏻
Three years old these are great value - my car cost £50k new in Nov 2020, and sold to someone in Jan 2024 for £23k. It would defo be my choice if I had to buy a used EV privately.
Yep, lease new / buy used makes a lot of sense
Absolutely great car to drive. Great range, great build quality and good looks. I tested many EVs and this was my choice.
Good choice!
Good review love the way you said many of the things i don't like you will adapt to in 2 weeks as an owner and having read the manual. If only others say this when they do a review
Thanks for sharing!
I soooo wanted one of these…. lusted after one for nearly 3yrs. Managed to get a 48hr test drive from Polestar and so glad i did. The looks, build quality and performance are great. But i found the controls very ‘fiddly’ and not intuitive at all. The driving position i felt was ‘cramped’ and my left knee was constantly banging against the tunnel. Went from home to Blenheim Palace and back (about 180ish miles round trip) and by the time we got home both my wife and myself were glad to get out of it. It went from ‘our next car’ to ‘not even if we were given one’
That’s why test drives are so important eh, cars are very subjective 👍
Yeh, Ilke everything about this car except the cramped driving position. I only test drove for an hour but that was enough for me to realise that the cramped "cockpit" wasn't for me. Otherwise its a great car. ..oh apart from the "transission tunnel" which volvos also suffer from.
(one tip i found google was good for the controls, eg "OK google turn on the air conditioning" or whatever)
Yes, I had heard about the driving position, but I have switched from a 2020 Tesla Model 3 LR to a 2021 P2 LR DM and am happy to report that I don’t find it cramped at all, but I’m not tall at 1m74. I do have to perfect my technique to avoid banging my head when getting in the car but that is done now. Also visibility past the door pillar is poor at acute angled junctions, something that Model 3 and Renault Zoe do not suffer from.
How much did the test drive cost for 48 hours?
@@adarshaaryal3527 nothing… i was able to prove that I’d already had 2 test drives, one at a ‘Fully Charged’ show in Farnborough and another when they happened to be very near to where i live about 6 weeks later. And if we were thinking about spending such a huge sum we’d want more than a 20 minute ‘drive around the block’ so i emailed them direct and asked “what’s the possibility” etc, and to my surprise they came back and said ‘Yes, which model and specification would you like?’ We agreed a spec and date and it was delivered to my home address. I seem to recall the 48 hours started about 3pm on a Wednesday and it was collected at roughly the same time two days later on the Friday. Went for a drive, went shopping, went to Blenheim, all very nice, but ultimately not for us.
I LOVE THESE! Looking forward to watching this when I have some time later 👌🏼👌🏼
Hope you enjoy!
Have you watched it yet?
@@likelikelikelikelikelike3971 No. I'm away visiting family and haven't had a chance. I'm still looking forward to it 😁
@@likelikelikelikelikelike3971I've watched it now, and loved it 👍🏼
Wicked video, Jim. Loving the dual camera work and the funny edit after our glovebox update 😆 I love these cars even more now. One day, when I've finally worked hard enough I'd love to rest drive one with a view to leasing 🤞🏼 Thanks again for the great content 👏🏼👏🏼
Thank you Mark! 💪
Nice review Jim. This was on my shopping list but decided on the Ioniq 6 in the end. Currently my Ioniq 6 is in the shop due to failing 12v (regular flat battery) and I'm in a base Polestar 2 rental. I've found I quite like the car, I'd need a bunch of options to consider it, better stereo, matrix lights, HUD etc. But something that would be rule this car out for me is the ridge along the bottom edge of the centre console and way it knocks into my left knee all the time. It actually makes this car quite painful to drive and for me, that alone rules it out. I'm surprised you didn't mention it.
Yes, a lot of people say about their knee on the centre console.
I have a 2021 Hyundai Ioniq and would have considered the 6 but I had the 12v battery issue happen twice and I don't want to deal with it again. The fact they haven't fixed that yet is wild.
I'm currently waiting on delivery of my LRSM Polestar 2
@@DefinitelyNotAGuru Adjust the seat height to suit and your knee no longer touches the ridge. It annoyed me on my first test drive as well. 2nd 5 hour test drive and I changed the seating position a bit and no more irritation, with seating comfort still fine. 180 cm tall.
This would be the easiest car to learn to operate from the previous 5 I have owned, the videos the company provides you are brilliant. Extremely impressed with my P2LR 2024.
Great review. Can't wait to get a BEV when prices of used ones come down to my modest level. Wish there was an estate version. I'm sure Polestar/Volvo will get round to it.
You and me both!
@@markbriggs5531 Keep an eye on polestar website and Autotrader etc as time goes on prices only head down until they reach your level.
5:33 i’m pretty sure those steering wheel buttons aren’t haptic. Although they appear so, they do need an actual press/click…
Yes you’re right, they feel a little vague like haptics though which is why the Freudian slip on my part.
I've owned Volvos for decades and my feeling when driving the Polestar 2 is this is a Volvo. It's a Volvo with Polestar tuning. I think most Polestars will feel this way except for the Polestar 4 which is based on a Zeekr. I think the car is pretty sporty when you push it.
👍👍
I love my 2023 P2 LRDM. Up to 16k miles now. I can get 4 miles/kWh but its averaging around 3.5. I hate regen/one pedal driving so drive with it turned off all the time which I'm sure improves the efficiency. There are issues, it really does bang and crash over poor roads surfaces and the fact that it turns on when you sit in it can be annoying - especially if all you want to do is clean the windscreen or lean in to get your phone when you've forgotten it. When you lean on the seat it powers up! I have the Plus pack and Pilot Lite but no leather which I think makes a huge difference to the feeling of quality. Without it I wouldnt say it feels like a 55k car.
👍
Good review, I love my M23 P2. Unfortunately the latest and future Polestar 2s do not have a new infotainment (it does need one). It is AAOS which does have the best google maps and car SOC integration out there but that's where it ends. The Apple Carplay integration is good but wired. The big let down is there is no Android Auto support and probably the P2 will never see it. Polestar have confirmed the P2 will not get a revised infotainment in its lifetime (which is probably 1 or 2 more facelifts). The MY25 only has pack and cabin updates otherwise its the same as the MY24 which was the move to RWD. Its a great car with a few niggles, definitely worth a test drive and the 2nd hand prices are a steal!
Totally agree 👍
Without a doubt one of the prettiest cars on the road in my opinion.
Great looking thing for sure
Good review Jim as usual well done👍🥳
Thank you 🙏
I’ve just ordered a LRSM with pilot/plus packs, haven’t even had a test drive as I’m to far away from my nearest centre. Fingers crossed, if I hate it it’s only a four year lease lol.
😁👍👍
You will love it 👍🏻
I ordered my P2 when there were only RUclips videos available - no test drives (Aug 2020)
I watched the CarWow and Carfection videos and knew it was the car for me ⚡️😊
I’m coming from a mk8 golf GTI, this will be my first EV. Really excited.
Cheers Jim,great review but as usual will be better as a lease than an outright purchase deprecation is always the thing a lot of people don't think about👍
👍👍
👍👍👍.Thanks Jim
Thanks mate
Great review and looks a really nice car.
It is 🙏
Looks and sounds like a great car, so much so I bought it! Great deal, hope it hasn't been abused too much 😱
Good choice
Using a Tesla middle screen is SOO much worse for the first time. A Polestar has stalks for wipers and lights, proper buttons for cruise control, etc. But sure, for someone that have used only Tesla's, a Polestar might be an issue. But anyone coming from ICE are guaranteed to feel at home in a Polestar.
I don’t agree but respect your opinion
Have to agree, dead simple to learn how to use everything and just get in and drive. Son has a 24 model dua motor 3 and I didn't like it's drivers setup at all. Stopped me from buying one.
Almost went for one of these, however the tesla model 3 was cheaper and more efficient, plus that supercharger network!
👍
True but as someone who switched from Model 3 to Polestar 2 I still use the 45+ UK Tesla supercharger locations that are available to non Tesla owners, like Gloucester services. So for occasional long distance I still use Tesla superchargers … may be more of an issue I guess if you are doing 400+ mile drives on a regular basis.
Looks like a nice csr
Very nice 👍
Great review Jim, decent car but at £65k it’s overpriced. Would need to drive it but I’m not seeing its any better than a RWD model 3 with spec’d up paint, alloys and seats.. But it’s £20k more expensive.. And it’s got a transmission tunnel 🤷♂️??
👍 lease new, buy used 😉
Wahhhayyyyy 23rd !!!!!
😂👍
Nice review.
I own a LRSM. Had it for nearly a year.✅
Buttons are proper and NOT haptic.
Polestar presently offering plus pack for free and dual motor for free.
Google maps better than CarPlay version as gives overview.
I bought an after market cup holder for the door bin.
2020-2023 FWD suffered from torque steer, 2024 RWD does not ✅.
Suspension is somewhat stiff & solid.
I average 3.2 to 3.4 miles / kw as motorway more than town driving (less in winter down to 2.8 to 3 miles / kw).
1 year olds of 2024 RWD LRSM available now with at least £10-15k off from when new.
They’re not proper but also not haptics, they’re weird plastic rocker style buttons rather than individual buttons so feel more like haptic, hence the Freudian slip.
They are great EVs, if you like low and sporty... It's all about the driver, passenger space sucks, no 6-footers in the back, no dog in boot (too low profile). As a drivers car, and for 4 people under 6ft it's great... It's not a 5 seater.
Lots like sporty cars, it’s not low.
Can you try the byd and do a video
Ok ruclips.net/video/kQoQ7ytnzlo/видео.htmlfeature=shared
£65K ? No thanks but this will make a fantastic 3 year old, used car purchase. I think that is the biggest challenge facing BEVs at the moment, the depreciation.
Lease new, buy used - problem solved 👍
Used prices look tempting it has to be said
Couldn't agree more, average working man is not catered for😢
@@robsmith1aYes, I bought a 2021 LRDM 2 months ago with pilot and plus pack and towbar and 22k miles for £21700 and it is all good so far.
@@jeffmtitanium1 so get a used one 🤷🏻♂️
👍🥰👍
🙏🙏
The Volvo "feel" isn't perhaps all that surprising Jim, as the Polestar began life as a Volvo EV concept, with Polestar taking it over prior to production.
Yes Brian, that’s obviously not lost on me 😁
The fact that they’re both Geely brands with Swedish design input has a large bearing on that similarity too!
@@markbennett6658 I don't think so. I think the Volvo feel in it defines it while other brands in the Geely group may have a different feel to them. Polestar's personnel are almost all ex-Volvo personnel plus they share a lot of the same components, materials and design philosophy. Zeekr, OTOH, is a Geely brand and they're styled in Sweden but Zeekr is not an offshoot of Volvo and isn't filled with ex-Volvo personnel.
@@benjaminsmith2287 it sounds like you’re agreeing with me?
@@markbennett6658 No, I don't think it has to do much with Geely. I think it has to do with Polestar being a direct offshoot of Volvo and that Polestar is a very similar company to Volvo. But Zeekr or Lotus or Geometry or others have a different feel, style to them but still are in the Geely group.
At one time Volvo was in the Ford group. I drove a Volvo s40 and a Mazda 3, both built on the same Ford Focus platform. The cars felt nothing alike. They were around the same size and such but the handling, ride, body structure, and a lot of other things felt distinctly different. Sometimes Audis and VWs feel similar and Porsche and Audis feel kind of similar and that's because they share some components. But Polestar is even more similar feeling to Volvo than Audi is to Porsche.
Real life range over 300 miles?
Depending on how it’s driven
@@DefinitelyNotAGuru eco mode? Or someday regular, slow driving on highway 70 miles per hour? Or it needs to be inside roads only ?
😊
👍
Having a transmission tunnel is a real disappointment for me
Me too
As a PS2 owner myself, the one thing that everyone comments on is the ‘clunk’ when locking and unlocking. I tend to agree it’s not very ‘premium’ sounding.
👌
Nah good review but Tesla Model Y LR is light years ahead of this car 🚙
👌
depends on what you want, I prefer the design of P2, the better chassis and handling, the electric towbar, and more
25th
👍👍
With 65k £ you can buy audi A8 with less than 5k miles instead of geely sorry I mean volvo, I mean polestar 😂😂😂
You could also buy 65,000 items from Poundland. Both things are irrelevant if you want a Polestar.
If you’re looking for an electric car, why would you want a fuel powered A8 saloon🤔🤣
@@SDK2006bIndeed. And, not the most reliable brand these days.
How about I dont want a noisy combustion engine with expensive fuel and maintenance that also mess upp the environment.
A Volvo is not a Geely. That's like saying a Porsche is a Volkswagen because VW owns Porsche. A Volvo is an established make that was purchased intact by Geely and remains intact as Volvo under Geely ownership. They continue to build off that know-how in their safety systems and body construction and all else that makes a Volvo so whatever safety and other systems that are in today's Volvos are improvements from yesterday's Volvo. Geely in turn can use some of Volvo's safety and Volvo gets resources and capital from Geely, but a Geely Auto car and a Volvo aren't the same thing. A Geely Group platform has input from many of the brands, Volvo being one of them.