I was thinking about this and I wanted to link to Attwood's PHD Thesis which I found quite helpful when I was watching Professor Laithwaite's Magnetic River Videos. Attwood goes through and gives some diagrams and is quite approachable. spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/35100/2/Attwood-AD-1980-PhD-Thesis.pdf
Hey Daniel, I'm currently trying to recreate this for a science in-depth study. What was the power source you used and how many turns did you do for each stator? Would really like to chat more about how you made this possible. Thanks
I'll never forget the 1st time watching the "Magnetic River" and "The Circle of Magnetism" Eric Laithwaite is the inventor of the Linear Induction Motor (LIM) he's also the father of Maglev. This guy was levitating shite back in the 50's and you'd be hard pressed to find anything on him. The Royal Institute black listed him for doing research with gyroscopes disproving laws of physics. He was the only presenter of the Christmas special at the Royal College to do 3 specials, this is the platform of Michael Faraday and other's that invented electricity in the beginning. You can find some of his patents online along with his assistant and co-inventor last name Easton.
Awesome explanation on magnet motion! Seems to be more frequent applications of this in automation industry. Would be interesting to see how to control the direction of a surface item using a programmable VFD. Conveyor systems move over!!!!
Very well done Daniel! You are very good at at explaining the technical aspects of a subject or process. Congratulations on your channel I'm sure it will fare very well!
How hard would it be to turn this into a linear generator? I have an application i need to generate electrical current around 72v and 100A with linear oscillation .
You will find that getting information on electric linear stuff is like top secret. You will have to read a few books and then you can have some understanding of electric magnetic things.
@@danielselectronicslab2048 I am sorry that I do not remember the two books I read years ago. Do not remember the books and remember what I read either. Peace. vf
How did you fabricate the laminations? Motors like this have one HUGE problem. They need iron behind the mover to complete the magnetic circuit. Without that, the magnetizing current is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the working current. If you put the iron behind the mover, you must deal with an attraction force that is about 10x the working force. Or you can have 2 stators with mover between to at least largely balance out the attraction forces. The mover's structure needs to mirror the stator's structure, with slotted iron with aluminum or copper closed loops in the slots, to achieve any sort of reasonable efficiency. If you intend to run the motor "open-faced", the flux density is so low that you should change the geometry of the lamination slots. They should widen out in the bottom almost to the point of breaking through to one another, to permit more room for heavier windings to carry the large magnetizing current. Design like yours (except double-sided with aluminum fin between) is used on numerous "launch" type roller coasters. The efficiency is so low that insane utility power or energy storage is required along with insane cooling to get it to survive. For this reason, that design has been abandoned in favor of permanent magnet synchronous motors.
A "simple" question before I even finish viewing the video: Can we do a practical mag-lev without using 3-phase? Seems everything I've viewed so far uses 3-phase for the propulsion aspect. Me, I'm OK with 2 phases that are 180º out of phase, creating double the voltage across the actives... but once we have 3 phases 120º out of phase... just obtaining it is insanely complex (assuming you don't have a 3P supply to your house), and understanding the math across the phases is worse. And that's before trying to work out current-lag, collapsing-field reverse current, hysteresis and all that crap. That's where I left my studies in electrical theory, many years ago. Listening to your "power supply", it sounds like an old-school mechanical rotary inverter, artificially inducing local 3-phase from a single-phase supply. They used small 'dynamotors' back in the 2WW, to produce 1 and 3 phase power from a 24V accumulator, so the concept isn't exactly cutting edge. I still HAVE one, that works, tho the efficiency is terrible. You see why I detest projects that require 3 phase energy of any voltage. Please tell me that there is another way to do these experiments that doesn't require 3 phase power?
Interesting question. Have you watched the magnetic river videos from professor laithwaite? Using one magnetic field you get a point that will not be stable. Using a second field you can get stability. In his magnetic river video he talks about thinking they would need to provide a fan or separate motor to get propulsion. They overcame this by breaking the motor up into sections and sending 3 phase through the coils. As they switch on an off you get the effect of having the field flow along down the motor. The machine I used was called a VFD or variable frequency drive. This model does simply take 1 phase power and break it down to DC. It then digitally builds 3 phases that are perfectly 120 degrees apart. With a VFD you can also control the frequency of the waves. You can get that effect by hooking a dc motor to a generator. The generator will make perfect 3 phases based on the three coils in the generator. You also mentioned many electrical things that can be ignored in this simple example. Hysteresis is a material property of the metal in the core but I just used plain steel. Balancing the phases shouldn’t be an issue since they are all the same number of turns. Obviously I’m simplifying but for this level of example it is not needed.
Hi sir, I found ur RUclips contents on Linear Induction Motor, is very intuitive with beautiful explanation and experiment. However, I've a question, will LIM created high electromagnetic waves surrounding it which may affect electronic sensors such as vibration sensors if install nearby the LIM? Thanks.
Would you like to try making a linear induction motor with sea water. Sea water is certainly far less conductive than copper or aluminum, but it is still conductive. Magneto hydrodynamic works just barely but relues on an anode and cathode that also consume a big chunk of energy splitting water. Maybe hydro magnetic induction has potential to be more efficent. Ring launcher magnetic wave down a long iron rod, or A long linear induction tube with three phase ac.
I used the encoder strip from inkjet printer, The problem is coordinating motion between x and y while maintaining speed. If you only respond to step, then you can move only 1 step at a time which gives up the speed! You can see my build "3d printer in a microwave".
Loving this series already, really looking forward to your next video!!! I was wondering if the insulation layer adds a significant amount to the total width of your motor or if its can be neglected?
The insulation layer is very thin. It won’t add anything noticeable to the width, but it is very important to the functioning. The thinner the layers of your core the better, but they have to be insulated for sure.
Daniel, I enjoyed this video. It reminded me of talking with my father about electrical device designs (I wish I had paid more attention but I chose to go into aerospace composites and machining). My son is considering following in my father's footsteps and becoming a EE. He is starting college in the next couple of years so I will be playing your videos with him to help inspire him and help with the difficult decision of which engineering discipline he wants to go into. Could you please explain a linear generator? I'm trying to understand creating electricity inside of a tube utilizing a toroidal Halbach array moving up and down inside of copper coils wrapped around and outside of the magnets. The coils would be stationary. I am most curious about all materials used, the number of coils turned, is a Halbach array a good idea, us it useful to multiple coils and magnet segments, what goes into determining the distance between the magnets and coils and any other ideas you may have which I should pay attention to. My agenda is to charge a 12V battery. Thank you in advance! All the best, Steve
Bro love this this is the free energy that we were giving since birth thank you so much for sharing your knowledge with the world much love u definitely got a sub from me
I got a quick question about the paper used to keep the coils still. Where’d you get it? All the sources I find online sell it in enormous volumes. Given this, I was wondering if parchment paper could work as an alternative? Thanks.
What about the fields around the wires when they are all next to each other? Like when they wrap around on the sides they are all jumbled up do they not interact with each other?
So we will discuss the fields more in a upcoming video, but they do interact with each other. Visualize the total flux as a series of hills that travels along the length of the motor and pushes the aluminum along.
I'm working on about Hyperloop vehicle's motor types and systems. I have had a lot of researhech and I confused. Your explanation were very clear. Thank you, Hi from Turkey,
Curious if that chunky power supply can be replaced with a motor ESC (kinda like the one used in drones) and adapt the linear motor to be curved around it's long axis. My imagination goes immediately to a proper "railgun" - more likely closer to a Gauss gun
Hi Daniel! Great video! I know this may be a long shot since this video is 2 years old but My student design team at my university has been trying to develop our own LIM for the last couple of years. We’ve gotten very close but are having trouble in a few aspects. Specifically generating enough power to actually make a flywheel move, when we try to implement our concepts on a Larger scale. We would love to contact you and discuss our designs with you if possible. If you have an email address where we can discuss in details. That would be great!
You can. It’s just a different technology then. If you use permanent magnets it is pretty much the same thing as a bldc. Over the years people have investigated tons of different variations.
You would lose lift if you stopped the traveling fields. Induction requires flux to move past the secondary. Look up synchronous ac motors for more info on this. They feel force while the rotor is moving slower than the spinning magnetic field. When the rotor catches up with the field it loses force and slows down. Once it slows there is again a difference in the rotor speed vs the magnetic field speed so it begins to feel force again. Back and forth, but the rotor can never pass the magnetic fields.
if you are going to make such a detailed and well explained video and with your expertise.. why not of a more efficient and practical linear motor like flat ironless linear motors for cnc.
You wound side by side other winding with specific pattern, just specific arrangements pattern of permanent magnet .so this kind of electromagnetic arrangements levitate required pice metal sheet hovering levitate and movies.
Can you please mention the references you used to make it ? I’m working on my graduation project and it’s about linear motor but i don’t know how to start exactly.
Так, ну вроде не сложно, нужно 2 раза потыкать в осциллограф и 1 во флип-чарт. || seems easeley - two times show finger to oscilloscope and one to the flipchart
I was thinking about this and I wanted to link to Attwood's PHD Thesis which I found quite helpful when I was watching Professor Laithwaite's Magnetic River Videos. Attwood goes through and gives some diagrams and is quite approachable.
spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/35100/2/Attwood-AD-1980-PhD-Thesis.pdf
Hey Daniel, I'm currently trying to recreate this for a science in-depth study. What was the power source you used and how many turns did you do for each stator? Would really like to chat more about how you made this possible. Thanks
@@josh-dennis-adventures 150 turns per slot as per his previous demo video description.
You are exactly like the James Clerk Maxwell
I'll never forget the 1st time watching the "Magnetic River" and "The Circle of Magnetism" Eric Laithwaite is the inventor of the Linear Induction Motor (LIM) he's also the father of Maglev. This guy was levitating shite back in the 50's and you'd be hard pressed to find anything on him. The Royal Institute black listed him for doing research with gyroscopes disproving laws of physics. He was the only presenter of the Christmas special at the Royal College to do 3 specials, this is the platform of Michael Faraday and other's that invented electricity in the beginning. You can find some of his patents online along with his assistant and co-inventor last name Easton.
I remember Professor Laithwaite's lectures on linear motor's, but he never explained how to make one. Thanks for the practical tips.
He inspired me so much. I am thinking a whole video of references and his books and videos will be heavily listed!
@@danielselectronicslab2048 Yeah, Professor Laithwaite was a master of his time. He had a way for teaching complex topics that made a big impact.
Awesome explanation on magnet motion! Seems to be more frequent applications of this in automation industry. Would be interesting to see how to control the direction of a surface item using a programmable VFD. Conveyor systems move over!!!!
Great experiment :)
The “traveling field wave” generator could also be used in a switched reluctance linear motor.
Very well done Daniel! You are very good at at explaining the technical aspects of a subject or process. Congratulations on your channel I'm sure it will fare very well!
Can’t wait for the next video. Great explanation.
Thanks, very interesting! Like the way you explain technical things
Hi, I am eagerly waiting for the next part!
INSANE VIDEO I LOVE IT
How hard would it be to turn this into a linear generator? I have an application i need to generate electrical current around 72v and 100A with linear oscillation .
I wish linear motors were sold online! I can only find linear actuators.
You will find that getting information on electric linear stuff is like top secret. You will have to read a few books and then you can have some understanding of electric magnetic things.
The books I found had crazy math so the whole topic felt impossible. I’m going to try to make it more accessible.
@@danielselectronicslab2048 I am sorry that I do not remember the two books I read years ago. Do not remember the books and remember what I read either. Peace. vf
@@danielselectronicslab2048Heyyy could you link some of the books you read?
Can you please provide with the resources you used to make this motor?
I’m working on a linear motor project right know and i don’t know how to start.
still waiting for the next part of this 9-part series
Will you be making the rest of the videos in this series? Really looking forward to them
Looking for this for a long time ... Thanks
How did you fabricate the laminations?
Motors like this have one HUGE problem. They need iron behind the mover to complete the magnetic circuit. Without that, the magnetizing current is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the working current. If you put the iron behind the mover, you must deal with an attraction force that is about 10x the working force. Or you can have 2 stators with mover between to at least largely balance out the attraction forces. The mover's structure needs to mirror the stator's structure, with slotted iron with aluminum or copper closed loops in the slots, to achieve any sort of reasonable efficiency.
If you intend to run the motor "open-faced", the flux density is so low that you should change the geometry of the lamination slots. They should widen out in the bottom almost to the point of breaking through to one another, to permit more room for heavier windings to carry the large magnetizing current.
Design like yours (except double-sided with aluminum fin between) is used on numerous "launch" type roller coasters. The efficiency is so low that insane utility power or energy storage is required along with insane cooling to get it to survive. For this reason, that design has been abandoned in favor of permanent magnet synchronous motors.
we need parts 2-9!!!
A "simple" question before I even finish viewing the video: Can we do a practical mag-lev without using 3-phase?
Seems everything I've viewed so far uses 3-phase for the propulsion aspect.
Me, I'm OK with 2 phases that are 180º out of phase, creating double the voltage across the actives... but once we have 3 phases 120º out of phase... just obtaining it is insanely complex (assuming you don't have a 3P supply to your house), and understanding the math across the phases is worse. And that's before trying to work out current-lag, collapsing-field reverse current, hysteresis and all that crap. That's where I left my studies in electrical theory, many years ago.
Listening to your "power supply", it sounds like an old-school mechanical rotary inverter, artificially inducing local 3-phase from a single-phase supply.
They used small 'dynamotors' back in the 2WW, to produce 1 and 3 phase power from a 24V accumulator, so the concept isn't exactly cutting edge. I still HAVE one, that works, tho the efficiency is terrible.
You see why I detest projects that require 3 phase energy of any voltage.
Please tell me that there is another way to do these experiments that doesn't require 3 phase power?
Interesting question. Have you watched the magnetic river videos from professor laithwaite?
Using one magnetic field you get a point that will not be stable. Using a second field you can get stability. In his magnetic river video he talks about thinking they would need to provide a fan or separate motor to get propulsion. They overcame this by breaking the motor up into sections and sending 3 phase through the coils. As they switch on an off you get the effect of having the field flow along down the motor.
The machine I used was called a VFD or variable frequency drive. This model does simply take 1 phase power and break it down to DC. It then digitally builds 3 phases that are perfectly 120 degrees apart. With a VFD you can also control the frequency of the waves. You can get that effect by hooking a dc motor to a generator. The generator will make perfect 3 phases based on the three coils in the generator.
You also mentioned many electrical things that can be ignored in this simple example. Hysteresis is a material property of the metal in the core but I just used plain steel. Balancing the phases shouldn’t be an issue since they are all the same number of turns. Obviously I’m simplifying but for this level of example it is not needed.
Awesome video!
Great explanation bro
I have a 24v BLDC drive and motor, that is much safer for experimenting with. The drive uses Hall-effect feedback inputs though, for synchronisation.
Is it possible to make a tubular one? Like a coilgun with superposed coils but who can go back and forth
Hi sir, I found ur RUclips contents on Linear Induction Motor, is very intuitive with beautiful explanation and experiment.
However, I've a question, will LIM created high electromagnetic waves surrounding it which may affect electronic sensors such as vibration sensors if install nearby the LIM? Thanks.
Would you like to try making a linear induction motor with sea water. Sea water is certainly far less conductive than copper or aluminum, but it is still conductive.
Magneto hydrodynamic works just barely but relues on an anode and cathode that also consume a big chunk of energy splitting water. Maybe hydro magnetic induction has potential to be more efficent.
Ring launcher magnetic wave down a long iron rod, or A long linear induction tube with three phase ac.
Well explained, great content. 10/10
Well done, Sir.
Учебник "Электрические машины" А. Усольцева - отличный источник. Made in Russia😎
Hey man thanks for the video. I'm subscribed....if you choose to make more I'll be here watching thanks!
This is a really fantastic video. Thank you. I subscribed in case you do anything in the future.
Thank you Daniel.
Continue more videos application of linear motor.
Redgards
Gopal raju
Hey, change your title to a question like ‘how linear motor works’ should hopefully get some more engagement.
Really love this idea and concept!
very understandable!!
Have you any update on you project it is really interesting to see how much effort you have put into this.
I used the encoder strip from inkjet printer, The problem is coordinating motion between x and y while maintaining speed. If you only respond to step, then you can move only 1 step at a time which gives up the speed!
You can see my build "3d printer in a microwave".
thank you so much deeply explained
Loving this series already, really looking forward to your next video!!!
I was wondering if the insulation layer adds a significant amount to the total width of your motor or if its can be neglected?
The insulation layer is very thin. It won’t add anything noticeable to the width, but it is very important to the functioning. The thinner the layers of your core the better, but they have to be insulated for sure.
@@danielselectronicslab2048 Thank you so much
Daniel, I enjoyed this video. It reminded me of talking with my father about electrical device designs (I wish I had paid more attention but I chose to go into aerospace composites and machining). My son is considering following in my father's footsteps and becoming a EE. He is starting college in the next couple of years so I will be playing your videos with him to help inspire him and help with the difficult decision of which engineering discipline he wants to go into. Could you please explain a linear generator? I'm trying to understand creating electricity inside of a tube utilizing a toroidal Halbach array moving up and down inside of copper coils wrapped around and outside of the magnets. The coils would be stationary. I am most curious about all materials used, the number of coils turned, is a Halbach array a good idea, us it useful to multiple coils and magnet segments, what goes into determining the distance between the magnets and coils and any other ideas you may have which I should pay attention to. My agenda is to charge a 12V battery.
Thank you in advance!
All the best,
Steve
Well done 👍
Sick video!
can a linear motor such as the one from linmot, for example, be controlled with a standard stepper motor controller?
On which basis windings are made here, that 9-slot winding configuration?
Thankyou for the video sir
Thanks👍🏻 Is that the laithwaite style linear motor that also has centering built into the design or does that one slide off left and right easily?
Bro love this this is the free energy that we were giving since birth thank you so much for sharing your knowledge with the world much love u definitely got a sub from me
Watching and sending support nice sharing have a good day boss
🎉🎉❤❤❤
wouldnt you want magnets on that bar for persion?
अद्भुत क्रान्ति
I got a quick question about the paper used to keep the coils still. Where’d you get it? All the sources I find online sell it in enormous volumes. Given this, I was wondering if parchment paper could work as an alternative? Thanks.
Use oven paper
liked and also subscribed
感谢分享，这是很有用的信息
What about the fields around the wires when they are all next to each other? Like when they wrap around on the sides they are all jumbled up do they not interact with each other?
So we will discuss the fields more in a upcoming video, but they do interact with each other. Visualize the total flux as a series of hills that travels along the length of the motor and pushes the aluminum along.
How does a nonferrous metal be manipulated by magnetic field
How is the speed/frequency controlled?
Hello, this design measurement is inch or cm ?
I'm working on about Hyperloop vehicle's motor types and systems. I have had a lot of researhech and I confused. Your explanation were very clear. Thank you, Hi from Turkey,
Awesome! Very glad to be useful.
Hi Daniel
I have some questions about the parameters that u used . I cant find anywhere. Will u explain to me
Sure. What do you need?
How much current does this draw? Have you measured the winding resistance and inductance? Love the video!
Curious if that chunky power supply can be replaced with a motor ESC (kinda like the one used in drones) and adapt the linear motor to be curved around it's long axis.
My imagination goes immediately to a proper "railgun" - more likely closer to a Gauss gun
It should work. This motor is controlled via frequency modulation, which is what an ESC does.
Hi Daniel!
Great video! I know this may be a long shot since this video is 2 years old but
My student design team at my university has been trying to develop our own LIM for the last couple of years. We’ve gotten very close but are having trouble in a few aspects. Specifically generating enough power to actually make a flywheel move, when we try to implement our concepts on a Larger scale. We would love to contact you and discuss our designs with you if possible.
If you have an email address where we can discuss in details. That would be great!
Why used magnets on the rotor?
You can. It’s just a different technology then. If you use permanent magnets it is pretty much the same thing as a bldc. Over the years people have investigated tons of different variations.
Nice.
Could you mention about coging if used for servo
Well done! Can you make it functionally stop it place (I.e. micro movements back and forth)?
You would lose lift if you stopped the traveling fields. Induction requires flux to move past the secondary. Look up synchronous ac motors for more info on this.
They feel force while the rotor is moving slower than the spinning magnetic field. When the rotor catches up with the field it loses force and slows down. Once it slows there is again a difference in the rotor speed vs the magnetic field speed so it begins to feel force again. Back and forth, but the rotor can never pass the magnetic fields.
if you are going to make such a detailed and well explained video and with your expertise.. why not of a more efficient and practical linear motor like flat ironless linear motors for cnc.
You wound side by side other winding with specific pattern, just specific arrangements pattern of permanent magnet .so this kind of electromagnetic arrangements levitate required pice metal sheet hovering levitate and movies.
Have you tried putting a magnet on it.
Hello! We have successfully made Stator and did winding pretty well!!! How can I contact you?
That is awesome. Email me extra questions at Daniel.Garrett@mtsu.edu
Can you please mention the references you used to make it ? I’m working on my graduation project and it’s about linear motor but i don’t know how to start exactly.
The stator is stationary while the rotor rotates.
whats going on?whens next video?
Gauge of coils and coil connection
Так, ну вроде не сложно, нужно 2 раза потыкать в осциллограф и 1 во флип-чарт. || seems easeley - two times show finger to oscilloscope and one to the flipchart
Hi, congrats on your work. I'm struggling with linear motors. Can I just take your e-mail address to be able to get some info ? Thanks.
interesting
Algorithm comment
𝓹𝓻𝓸𝓶𝓸𝓼𝓶 😴
Speak up boy. That fancy microphone doesn't fix a timid voice.
Is this constant power to all coils or fired in in a syncuence?
Kept watching