Message board was awesome. Loved flipping through those as a kid. Nothing was more exciting than seeing the Wii glowing blue after waking up one morning.
Thing is, the Switch COULD have a feature like this. Joycon and Pro Controllers’ home buttons all have a secret light meant to glow blue around it that Nintendo chose not to utilize. It could’ve been used for news stories you choose to get notifications on. But the message feature should come back.
I've seen it turn on any time I plug my Nintendo Switch Pro Controller into my Laptop via a USB It ceases all communication with the Switch and fully interacts with the PC instead It seemingly started to do this around the time I got Parsec on my PC@@Johnny_64
@@Johnny_64 I’m not gonna lie, I could care less in todays day and age of switch has a glowing button for notifications. Doesn’t really hit as hard as back in 2007 in the early internet days as a preteen. I just care that the games are good for switch. Which they are 👍🏻
I've always wanted the "send a gift to a friend" feature to come back. It was an nice and easy way to send friends a birthday present or just a random game you wanted to recommend. And I used to own Calling, it's a really fun horror game and I loved how they made use of the message board.
It's crazy that the feature of gifting your friends games isn't on most modern platforms outside of like Steam but it WAS on a 2006 console that didn't even sell every game on the platform via the digital store
Ohhh I would love that. Wanted to give several games for my sister to play, I know she would like. But even giving her an eshop card and a note with a recommendation didn't work😅
Once thing I do really appreciate is the creepy dirty looking texture on the letter itself. I don't know if that was custom or what, but it was extremely cool how they did that! Also, I'm pretty sure you could send Miis over the Wii message board!
Games that utilise parts of the console are always cool. It’s something Bravely Default 1 and Second do very well, and that was sorely missing from Bravely Default 2
The occasional Wii related video is a treat AND a reminder to make sure I don't have batteries in my Wii remotes that could be leaking and messing them up!
Aaah, the Red Lady in "Calling"... I seem to recall (ha ha) several encounters with her, but as far as I know, she was just put here for the sake of jumpscare moments. Still, going out of the game and finding about that red letter was scary as hell : they really outdid themselves with this idea! Too bad the game had you repeat some chapters with minor to no differences to see the end of it, but it's still a very good game to try, if you have played through the fatal frame series and want more. I might add "Silent Hill Shattered Memories" is another game that uses the speaker very well, but we're getting a bit out of the subject. On a more serious note, take good care of your son : I've seen he's back home, and hope you'll soon have more good news to tell us. Wishing you and your family the best.
This brought back a memory of sending pictures with my cousin back in the day. And while I didn’t have Galaxy myself, I remember my cousin sending me pictures from when he beat the games.
i grew up with the wii mini so my use of the message board was pretty much limited to just the daily play time log. but there was nothing cooler than getting those achievement letters from wii sports resort for getting the achievements like clearing swordplay or hitting the ball in someone's face in table tennis
Loved this video. Another feature that comes to mind for me is the speaker on the Wii Remote being utilized in unique ways, such as a multiplayer mode in Red Steel relying on it to communicate crucial information to the player.
The wii message board holds a special place in my heart When I was too young to have a phone, my dad used to send me and my sister messages through the wii message board to talk to us and check how we were doing :) I was crushed when they shut it down
That's some fascinating stuff. Just when I think I know everything about a console or game, I see stuff like this. I knew some of the more well-known Message Board things like the special letters in Mario Galaxy or Mario Kart WIi, but that Calling game using it as part of the actual game itself is super cool to see. I also had no idea you could gift games to others with the Message Board.
I love the wii operating system. So ahead of its time, look what the PS3 and Xbox360 launched with... Also the wii had apps in the form of channels, in 2006! Using it today, its still fun to use and fast.
I think my favorite Wii Message Board game integration was the Bonzai Barber postcards!! They're so fun.... Also, sending best wishes to you, your son, and your family. ❤❤❤❤
I'm not sure about the Xbox 360, but the PS3 did allow you to take photos of your gameplay in a good amount of games. PlayStation Home also did as well. It wasn't as snappy as a button press all the time, but some let you hit the Home button and you could go to the photos column to screenshot. It is interesting to realize though that this era was kind of where capturing gameplay really started.
God, I loved the message board, it was so cool seeing the messages and pictures the different games sent you. I think when I transfered my data from the Wii to the Wii U it didn't carry over the messages, I could be wrong so I'll have to check again but I know for example a lot of my records that I had in Wii Sports Resort were gone which sucks :(
Wow, the ability to gift a game is really cool. I honestly didn't realize the message board did anything besides show your play time and send a photo when you fully complete Mario Galaxy 1 or 2, lol.
I'm ten seconds in and YES. I AGREE. I AGREE SO MUCH JON. I haven't watched this video yet and I will probably greatly enjoy it but I loved receiving messages from my friends, the few I did at least, onto my Wii Message Board. I liked it when games would post little things to it as well. The Daily Record showing what had been played. I loved this little bulletin board. I also loved the fact, and this getting off topic, but the fact that you could buy games for your friends on the Wii Shop Channel and send them to your friends. I did that once and I don't know if they ever downloaded it but I miss that feature greatly when it comes to consoles. I'm now going to watch the video before I post this comment. I've watched it! I knew as a kid Pokemon Snap added this feature but I never knew how to actually do it until many years later. And Calling really was a neat little game that I should give a whirl some time. All the best to you and your son!
Receiving Messages was all the rage on the Wii right? Mario & Sonic at rhe Olympic Winter Games and London 2012 had mail for you to read that gave tips and rewards for their games.
Honestly surprised you didn't talk about the ability to send Wii Message Board messages by connecting to an email. It was a feature my mom would use often to leave me notes while she was at work The feature was a bit limited and weird to set-up, as the Wii would send an email to the the email address you gave. From there you had to reply to that same email in order to receive it on your Wii (at least those were the official instructions)
Holy shit, was that a thing? I never knew! But internet connectivity with the Wii was extremely poor here in Brazil as well, so that might be one of the reasons why I didn't know that existed. Anyway, thanks for sharing
The "I found you thing" is SO cool!!! Almost makes me want to play Calling despite being a huge coward This feature really was so cute, I remember when replaying galaxy recently I would get a letter from Mail Road almost everyday, guy was obsessed
The wii was a great console, it had so many features and personality.. the iconic music it had, even in the wii shop, you could spend hours just hangin there in the menus.. that kind of personality is a thing that nowadays consoles lack..
Interconnection between your social media accounts and video game consoles made features like the wii message board really obsolete but it's still a charming relict of a time, when companies like nintendo tried to figure out their own solutions to make gaming a more social and sharable experience.
Oh man. How cool would it be if there was some kind of detective or openworld game that used that feature. Call an in game character and get some cIues by way of the messageboard.
I would say the coolest feature on the Switch was the ability to accurately aim at the screen. It's the only console ever where you could play house of the dead with the same feeling as the arcade.
Should be noted, the Xbox 360 did have Dead or Alive Extreme 2. That game let you take screenshots and save to an external hard drive on your 360. Of course Team Ninja did a very Nintendo-like move in not allowing the screenshots to be viewed in anything that isn't DOAX2. No uploading it to your PC or anything >_>
Damn! I've never heard of Calling. It looks awesome. I'm going to try and get a copy. Also, your Wii footage looks so crisp. I need to try and update my setup. Playing Wii games from tge Wii U doesn't quite give the best picture quality.
I have good memories of being able to organize animal crossing hangouts from the menu or Just messing around and talking to people wii speak and getting weird voice messages and In recent years using RSS to pretend Nintendo were still updating fans via the wii about new games
So during a break up when I was younger my ex pulled up the Wii message board and said you have been playing games to much. 23.59 twilight princess the screen said and that I had to go to wiihab
Your not crazy acknowledging these features. Even though I didn’t take advantage of those, it was always a nice thing to see. It’s clearly a testament to remind us how backwards weird Nintendo has been with later gen systems that lack fancy excitement. Yes it’s all about being able to play games, but there’s zero excuse to bring any of these things back in some form.
I clicked on this while laying in bed getting ready to go sleep thinking smiley, happy thumbnail would be reflective of the overall content of this video. Calling looks freaky! Thanks for documenting and wishing you and your family all the best. As a fellow father, i can emphasize a bit as to how difficult and helpless it can feel to see your children sick and suffering. Hope things improve quickly!
Don't remember the method it was so long ago, perhaps it was just a simple email forwarder from gmail's side. But I definitely remember my Wii's disk slot constantly flashing because of all the emails coming to it. You'd open the message board and all the envelopes would pop up.
I always felt like a contrarian always saying that I really loved the Wii, even after its decline began. That said I genuinely don't think I knew the Wii had that message board thing. Like, maybe I opened it on launch day, shrugged and never looked at it again. Maybe? Zero recollection. But then I also never cared about Street Pass or Swap Note or any of that other nonsense either. System level apps aren't my thing I guess :p
Jon I care more about the Miis in my Wiimote being cool as memory cards in my PS2/GameCube cases then the message board let alone other messaging system. I never use share buttons on any of them. Let alone PS Home or Miiverse. I wasn't around for them nor did I care. Don't the messages cough in PS Home or PS3 friend chats or whatever it's called count? Jon hmm don't friend messages on PS3/360 count as messaging with text, links and images? Whether groups could as well? Sure games offering it I get is the point and some games had photo modes. I mean OG Xbox/PS3 some games had music library access to your own personal on the hard drive too never on Wii but I guess DS/3DS yes M4a only files to it in the sound app and making a remix/manipulating it somewhat in a limitedbway. And PS4/Xbox One offer the same messaging likely I don't even use these services yet if PC (chatrooms/message boards and forums over the years) and phones can, not surprised if consoles have it similar right? Right? I don't know only guessing as I never use them/don't care for them. Social features mean nothing to me. I never knew about the camera features in Wii games. Only the Mario galaxy stuff. Yes also the photo channel. Then again Scaler freeze mode or GT4 photo scapes and more existed but not message boards. Now it's time to play PS3 Move games speaking of Wii related.
![[DOKKAN BATTLE] Worldwide Campaign Announcement Video Part 2!](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/JpT5Voak6WA/mqdefault.jpg)
Wishing you all the best with your son Jon. I hope he is making a speedy recovery
JON HAS A SON?
4:46 to 4:51 my wife makes me sound like this making my head tilt back rolling my eyes into the back of my head..
Message board was awesome. Loved flipping through those as a kid. Nothing was more exciting than seeing the Wii glowing blue after waking up one morning.
Thing is, the Switch COULD have a feature like this. Joycon and Pro Controllers’ home buttons all have a secret light meant to glow blue around it that Nintendo chose not to utilize. It could’ve been used for news stories you choose to get notifications on. But the message feature should come back.
I've seen it turn on any time I plug my Nintendo Switch Pro Controller into my Laptop via a USB
It ceases all communication with the Switch and fully interacts with the PC instead
It seemingly started to do this around the time I got Parsec on my PC@@Johnny_64
@@Johnny_64 I’m not gonna lie, I could care less in todays day and age of switch has a glowing button for notifications. Doesn’t really hit as hard as back in 2007 in the early internet days as a preteen. I just care that the games are good for switch. Which they are 👍🏻
I've always wanted the "send a gift to a friend" feature to come back. It was an nice and easy way to send friends a birthday present or just a random game you wanted to recommend.
And I used to own Calling, it's a really fun horror game and I loved how they made use of the message board.
It's crazy that the feature of gifting your friends games isn't on most modern platforms outside of like Steam but it WAS on a 2006 console that didn't even sell every game on the platform via the digital store
Ohhh I would love that. Wanted to give several games for my sister to play, I know she would like. But even giving her an eshop card and a note with a recommendation didn't work😅
Nice to see you again, Jon. Well-wishes for your baby boy to have a speedy recovery
I just loved that some games like Mario Galaxy 2 and Mario Kart Wii would send you a message with proof that you completed the game!
Once thing I do really appreciate is the creepy dirty looking texture on the letter itself. I don't know if that was custom or what, but it was extremely cool how they did that! Also, I'm pretty sure you could send Miis over the Wii message board!
Always good to check these Jon retrospectives. Looking forward to the next one!
The red letter with a bomb was really cool
Very awesome! ❤
Games that utilise parts of the console are always cool. It’s something Bravely Default 1 and Second do very well, and that was sorely missing from Bravely Default 2
The occasional Wii related video is a treat AND a reminder to make sure I don't have batteries in my Wii remotes that could be leaking and messing them up!
Aaah, the Red Lady in "Calling"... I seem to recall (ha ha) several encounters with her, but as far as I know, she was just put here for the sake of jumpscare moments.
Still, going out of the game and finding about that red letter was scary as hell : they really outdid themselves with this idea!
Too bad the game had you repeat some chapters with minor to no differences to see the end of it, but it's still a very good game to try, if you have played through the fatal frame series and want more.
I might add "Silent Hill Shattered Memories" is another game that uses the speaker very well, but we're getting a bit out of the subject.
On a more serious note, take good care of your son : I've seen he's back home, and hope you'll soon have more good news to tell us.
Wishing you and your family the best.
Calling is such a great game. I had soooooo many playthroughs in it. The amount of secrets is insane.
This brought back a memory of sending pictures with my cousin back in the day. And while I didn’t have Galaxy myself, I remember my cousin sending me pictures from when he beat the games.
i grew up with the wii mini so my use of the message board was pretty much limited to just the daily play time log. but there was nothing cooler than getting those achievement letters from wii sports resort for getting the achievements like clearing swordplay or hitting the ball in someone's face in table tennis
Loved this video. Another feature that comes to mind for me is the speaker on the Wii Remote being utilized in unique ways, such as a multiplayer mode in Red Steel relying on it to communicate crucial information to the player.
I now need a video talking about the Wii Remote speaker.
All I know some characters sounded like they wore in pain when you would pick them in brawl
Thoughts and prayers. Be with your family Jon :) We’ll be here when all is well and good
Come for the fun Wii trivia, stay for the FF Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King soundtrack
Imagine rereleasing standard Crystal Chronicles and not My Life as a King
4:45 It's so funny to listen jon yelling
The wii message board holds a special place in my heart
When I was too young to have a phone, my dad used to send me and my sister messages through the wii message board to talk to us and check how we were doing :)
I was crushed when they shut it down
Calling sounds super underrated with all that fourth wall breaking. Seems like an Eternal Darkness but for the Wii
That's some fascinating stuff. Just when I think I know everything about a console or game, I see stuff like this. I knew some of the more well-known Message Board things like the special letters in Mario Galaxy or Mario Kart WIi, but that Calling game using it as part of the actual game itself is super cool to see. I also had no idea you could gift games to others with the Message Board.
I love the wii operating system. So ahead of its time, look what the PS3 and Xbox360 launched with... Also the wii had apps in the form of channels, in 2006! Using it today, its still fun to use and fast.
I think my favorite Wii Message Board game integration was the Bonzai Barber postcards!! They're so fun....
Also, sending best wishes to you, your son, and your family. ❤❤❤❤
I'm not sure about the Xbox 360, but the PS3 did allow you to take photos of your gameplay in a good amount of games. PlayStation Home also did as well. It wasn't as snappy as a button press all the time, but some let you hit the Home button and you could go to the photos column to screenshot. It is interesting to realize though that this era was kind of where capturing gameplay really started.
God, I loved the message board, it was so cool seeing the messages and pictures the different games sent you. I think when I transfered my data from the Wii to the Wii U it didn't carry over the messages, I could be wrong so I'll have to check again but I know for example a lot of my records that I had in Wii Sports Resort were gone which sucks :(
Wow, the ability to gift a game is really cool. I honestly didn't realize the message board did anything besides show your play time and send a photo when you fully complete Mario Galaxy 1 or 2, lol.
I'm ten seconds in and YES. I AGREE. I AGREE SO MUCH JON. I haven't watched this video yet and I will probably greatly enjoy it but I loved receiving messages from my friends, the few I did at least, onto my Wii Message Board. I liked it when games would post little things to it as well. The Daily Record showing what had been played. I loved this little bulletin board. I also loved the fact, and this getting off topic, but the fact that you could buy games for your friends on the Wii Shop Channel and send them to your friends. I did that once and I don't know if they ever downloaded it but I miss that feature greatly when it comes to consoles. I'm now going to watch the video before I post this comment.
I've watched it! I knew as a kid Pokemon Snap added this feature but I never knew how to actually do it until many years later. And Calling really was a neat little game that I should give a whirl some time. All the best to you and your son!
Receiving Messages was all the rage on the Wii right? Mario & Sonic at rhe Olympic Winter Games and London 2012 had mail for you to read that gave tips and rewards for their games.
6:46 😮 You was right Jon, the video did get better
Honestly surprised you didn't talk about the ability to send Wii Message Board messages by connecting to an email. It was a feature my mom would use often to leave me notes while she was at work
The feature was a bit limited and weird to set-up, as the Wii would send an email to the the email address you gave. From there you had to reply to that same email in order to receive it on your Wii (at least those were the official instructions)
Holy shit, was that a thing? I never knew! But internet connectivity with the Wii was extremely poor here in Brazil as well, so that might be one of the reasons why I didn't know that existed. Anyway, thanks for sharing
Yeah I remember emailing my Dad through it. For a while it was the easiest way for me to talk to him.
The "I found you thing" is SO cool!!! Almost makes me want to play Calling despite being a huge coward
This feature really was so cute, I remember when replaying galaxy recently I would get a letter from Mail Road almost everyday, guy was obsessed
The wii was a great console, it had so many features and personality.. the iconic music it had, even in the wii shop, you could spend hours just hangin there in the menus.. that kind of personality is a thing that nowadays consoles lack..
Man, I love and miss the Wii Message Board, wish more gaming systems had a similar system although I can see why it wouldn't be possible
Honestly, Jon's super power is getting people to listen to him talk about things they otherwise wouldnt care about and be glad about it 😂
I got startled by the scream, then an ad hit, then the screaming continued and startled me again
Interconnection between your social media accounts and video game consoles made features like the wii message board really obsolete but it's still a charming relict of a time, when companies like nintendo tried to figure out their own solutions to make gaming a more social and sharable experience.
That was so cool, in general that horror game looks like a very fun time, I have to try it out sooner or later.
Spooky!
On the "I Found You" message, there's an arrow button that goes down. Was there anything else?
Oh man. How cool would it be if there was some kind of detective or openworld game that used that feature. Call an in game character and get some cIues by way of the messageboard.
That red letter is terrifying man... If I was into horror games and played it, it would have lost my mind
My liege has returned…
Love obscure uses of tech!
Wish your son a speedy recovery!
I'm so glad there's somebody making videos like this on the internet
Xenoblade: Definitive Edition has no right to call itself so without the Riki save icon!
I really wish the Switch had notifications like the Wii with the blue light. It wouldn't be the same, but it would have been cool to have
I used to have the contact for the email that would make it pop up on the Wii and I would send messages to my family through it
I wish the Switch had more community interactions like the Wii and Wii U had.
Yeah I miss Miiverse
I'm glad that switch doesn't have it because otherwise it would've been very toxic.
I love the Wii Message Board, it’s so cool
I would say the coolest feature on the Switch was the ability to accurately aim at the screen. It's the only console ever where you could play house of the dead with the same feeling as the arcade.
Should be noted, the Xbox 360 did have Dead or Alive Extreme 2. That game let you take screenshots and save to an external hard drive on your 360.
Of course Team Ninja did a very Nintendo-like move in not allowing the screenshots to be viewed in anything that isn't DOAX2. No uploading it to your PC or anything >_>
Gifting someone Sexy Poker via Wii message board should put you on a watch list. What kind of watch list, I'm not sure.
we really need the ability to gift a digital game to friends back
You could also send emails from the Wii message board.
That is indeed very underrated!
My favorite letter was the one with the bomb in it.
the gift system was how i got to play majoras mask for the first time
7:55 POLLY NEVER KNEW HEROPON TAKE OVER SAVE DATA SO COOL
polly curious if only in pal reigion and other copy instead use picture of monado or something
I had no idea this existed.. maybe because I had no friends and lived alone so I didn't have family to share it with.
I could watch Jon talk about the Wii all day
Best wishes and thoughts with you and your family Jon ❤
Very intresting, never knew I didn't had a Wii during it's prime.
If a kid played Calling and their parent looked through their Wii's message board, they'd probably think it's possessed or something
Damn! I've never heard of Calling. It looks awesome. I'm going to try and get a copy.
Also, your Wii footage looks so crisp. I need to try and update my setup. Playing Wii games from tge Wii U doesn't quite give the best picture quality.
The real loss is Miiverse from WiiU/3DS era
Damn I need this calling game now never even heard of it before
crazy how the wii had game gifting when modern consoles dont have that for some reason
Getting DDLC vibes with this use of Message Board!
Gonna be real I thought the thumbnail said “Coolest WW2 feature for some reason”
Loved this feature, but sadly my parents were able to easily see when I've spent too many hours on my Wii because of it :(
Ok, Calling sounds fun.
Wow! Never knew this! So cooool!
I have good memories of being able to organize animal crossing hangouts from the menu
or Just messing around and talking to people
wii speak and getting weird voice messages
and In recent years using RSS to pretend Nintendo were still updating fans via the wii about new games
So during a break up when I was younger my ex pulled up the Wii message board and said you have been playing games to much. 23.59 twilight princess the screen said and that I had to go to wiihab
4:45 that sounded like killing screaming.😂
Your not crazy acknowledging these features. Even though I didn’t take advantage of those, it was always a nice thing to see. It’s clearly a testament to remind us how backwards weird Nintendo has been with later gen systems that lack fancy excitement. Yes it’s all about being able to play games, but there’s zero excuse to bring any of these things back in some form.
💜🤠 ALGORITHM APPEASEMENT AND LOVE
Haha I remember that with the old microsoft messenger,too.
And people laugh when I saw the Wii is my favourite console!
Jon getting spooked by an buzz buzz bee, cute. I like my wii with gc support :D
Don't forget letterbomb 😉
The weather channel.....oh message board
I always adored Calling.
Pretty neat game that would scare me as a kid.
I clicked on this while laying in bed getting ready to go sleep thinking smiley, happy thumbnail would be reflective of the overall content of this video. Calling looks freaky! Thanks for documenting and wishing you and your family all the best. As a fellow father, i can emphasize a bit as to how difficult and helpless it can feel to see your children sick and suffering. Hope things improve quickly!
I'm curious if anyone enough was crazy enough like me to set up IMAP on the Wii Message board. I had all of my gmail emails being sent to my Wii.
Wtf how
Don't remember the method it was so long ago, perhaps it was just a simple email forwarder from gmail's side. But I definitely remember my Wii's disk slot constantly flashing because of all the emails coming to it. You'd open the message board and all the envelopes would pop up.
I always felt like a contrarian always saying that I really loved the Wii, even after its decline began.
That said I genuinely don't think I knew the Wii had that message board thing. Like, maybe I opened it on launch day, shrugged and never looked at it again. Maybe? Zero recollection.
But then I also never cared about Street Pass or Swap Note or any of that other nonsense either. System level apps aren't my thing I guess :p
The Wii Message board, I hated it when it got full up and I had to delete all the messages, as I was prevented playing any games until I did it.
I did the photo mode alot in FFCCCB
Really curious what's in the red letter if you scroll down?
Man, I wish I could gift people games on Switch
Kirby's round, actually.
What was the one letter with the cat on it?
I want Switch 2 to have personality
Spooky letter!! Wish that game gets ported to Nintendo switch!! Too bad hudson is gone :(
i don't really have much to add here, but i just wanted to say that i thought this was a really cool video. i hope your son is doing well
Someone make this a meme 4:49
But then again The Calling wouldn't be as cool if messages from games were common
Anyone else realize Jon sounds like a much bassier Patrick Stewart?
What Wii have!
Damn you really put your whole Jonussy in that scream
Jon I care more about the Miis in my Wiimote being cool as memory cards in my PS2/GameCube cases then the message board let alone other messaging system.
I never use share buttons on any of them. Let alone PS Home or Miiverse. I wasn't around for them nor did I care.
Don't the messages cough in PS Home or PS3 friend chats or whatever it's called count?
Jon hmm don't friend messages on PS3/360 count as messaging with text, links and images?
Whether groups could as well? Sure games offering it I get is the point and some games had photo modes.
I mean OG Xbox/PS3 some games had music library access to your own personal on the hard drive too never on Wii but I guess DS/3DS yes M4a only files to it in the sound app and making a remix/manipulating it somewhat in a limitedbway.
And PS4/Xbox One offer the same messaging likely I don't even use these services yet if PC (chatrooms/message boards and forums over the years) and phones can, not surprised if consoles have it similar right? Right?
I don't know only guessing as I never use them/don't care for them. Social features mean nothing to me.
I never knew about the camera features in Wii games. Only the Mario galaxy stuff.
Yes also the photo channel.
Then again Scaler freeze mode or GT4 photo scapes and more existed but not message boards.
Now it's time to play PS3 Move games speaking of Wii related.