Palatalization: Hardness and Softness of Russian Consonants
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- Опубликовано: 20 окт 2024
- In this video you'll learn about palatalization and what makes a Russian consonant hard or soft. At the end of the video you'll have the chance to practice hearing/discerning the difference. College Russian teaches Russian as if you were in a Russian classroom, with lots of time for practice and review.
OH MY GOD! I can't believe i can finally hear the ifference between sonft and hard consonants. I've been studying russian for 2 yearsand you are the first channel to makeit seem so simple and logical. Thank you soo much for this. It's definitely going to come in handy :D
I'm so glad it was helpful!!! Do you feel like you're able to produce palatalized sounds or just hear the difference?
I am Russian! And I couldn't explain my husband this soft and hard rule that clear! Thank you!! PS: I miss hard sign ' ъ ' in the list:)
Yeah but its actually about patalization and not especially ь and/or ъ :)
Finally systematically and clearly explained! You are a proper teacher 😊👏
Even after 7 years you still respond to the comments! Wonderful video, I'm a native russian speaker and this video is very helpful for learners and there isn't anything unnecessary , great lesson!! 👍
This is the best explanation I've seen in youtube. I love the way you break it down for English speakers. болшое спасибо !!!
THANK YOU SO MUCH OH MY GODDDDD!!! I used to have a lot of problems with russian because I've never had to worry about tongue placement (I speak english and spanish which use the same letters/sounds) and so often would russian teachers say "just mimic this sound!!" but it just,, didn't sound right, it just sounded messy.
I just last week learned the tongue placement for ы and thanks to you, I can know differentiate hard and soft consonants!!! you're a godsend!!!!
Алло! :) I miss having you as my teacher and you are definitely the better teacher to teach russian compared to my new teacher!! I would love to follow your lessons, so don't hold back on putting it on youtube!! I would be extremely grateful! :)
+Rachael barrows Hey! I've been thinking about you. I'll be posting more this summer. I hope all is well.
College Russian Здравствуйте Жанна! I've been studying russian close to 3 years now but it's all been self taught through living language and my girlfriend, she's Ukrainian! :)
I've just found your youtube channel and LOVE it! You are 100%the best teacher I've ever come across! But I need more from you! I need to get a real grip on this grammar and spelling! Can you help me? :)
Exception (for learners):
Letter И when it follows letters ш or ж is generally pronounced as ы. For example the words жить and широкий
I would expand on it. "ш", "ж" and "ц" don't have a soft part. Same as "щ", "ч" and "й" don't have a hard pronounciation. o,o
@@nekokuza actually щ is just palatalized ш that for some reason has its own letter.
Спасибо!
@@nekokuza Надо сказать, что "ч" все же может быть твёрдой, если стоит в некоторых позициях. Например, "лучше" или другое сочетание ч + ш где-нибудь на стыке слов (или ч + ж)
@@Червоточина это очень от выговора зависит наверное 😀
I have a background in phonology and phonetics, so it took me less time to understand this. I love your lessons. You make everything so clear and easy! Thank you!
Beautifully clear. I hope you will not only continue to help people learn Russian, but also have the chance to teach others how to teach. Большое спасибо.
I don't know you but I love you. I was struggling with this and you just made it so clear. Thank you.
Haha! Thank you for the love letter! I'm happy to help with anything else you're struggling with.
This is the best lesson thus far for me to understand. Thank-you so much!
You have perfect Russian pronunciation! Nearly like a native!
This hard and soft sound thing was a total impossibility for me as a non Russian speaker.
Not anymore. It Wil take a lot of practice to be comfortable with it. However now it is crystal clear what to practice and what to listen for. Even for a person like me for who English is a very distant second language.
What’s your first language?
Such a hard concept to grasp but your lesson made it a little easier.. thank you!!
I can't tell you how this video just clicked for me! Thank you sooooo much for posting. You're a damn fine teacher! Спасибо!
the difference is where you put your tongue. if you try saying those words before she says it @ 7:05, say them with your tongue close to your teeth (palatalized/ь/soft), and then normally away from your teeth (unpalatalized/ъ/hard), and you will hear the subtle difference. Thanks btw it is a great helpful video
Such a seriously amazing lesson....
you just saved me for my exam 😫 love u !!!!
Thank you so much! I am trying to learn Lithuanian and I keep seeing notes about how this is palatized, but then I google it and am just finding instruction on how to box things up for shipping until I found you! That minion example cleared it up immediately
Wow! That's interesting that Lithuanian also has palatalization. Which consonants get palatalized? I am also learning Portuguese and they have 'LH' which is a palatalized L. So my Russian gave me a bit of an advantage there.
@@howjaneylearned I am still new to the language so this may not be accurate, but it seems like consonants that appear before vowels get palatalized.
Thank you girl ! Really understood the difference ! Finally
Ugh THANK YOU! I’ve had such a rough time with this concept, and your video really helped
Glad to hear that! Don't worry, it will get easier and easier the more you practice it.
College Russian it really has, thanks!
That's an easy-to-follow explanation. Brilliant!
You explain things so well, I’ve been looking for a channel like this! 🙏🙌
i love this channel! Teacher is so great!!!!!!!!!!
This was the best explanation that I could find, thank you very much!
Wooow this made it seem so easy, finally I notice the difference, this is amazing, thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
Just started learning russian and this is so helpful
Finally I understood !
Thank you! You are great!
Swedish has palatalized consonants too, but far fewer than Russian does; my name, Ingeborg, ends with one. :-) (A Russian transcribing the Swedish pronunciation in Cyrillic would write Ингэборь.) We classify vowels as hard or soft too, for the same reason; I may have trouble with э being a hard vowel in Russian though. (The Swedish counterparts, e/ä, are soft.)
I'm so happy you came back to this channel !
Thank you for all your encouraging words! I really appreciate your comments :)
@@howjaneylearned i learned so much from you in the past year. You are really talented.
At least for the L and I think the T sounds, the soft version sounds like a Spanish consonant and the hard version sounds like an English consonant. Very cool!
This is so helpful, and clearly explained. Thank you so much for this video.
Я, как носитель русского языка, заявляю - Вы очень крутой учитель и всё правильно и доходчиво объясняете! Даже мне, русскому человеку, который просто говорит на русском и не задумывается почему именно так я говорю, теперь, после Ваших объяснений стало понятно, по каким правилам мы так говорим! Спасибо Вам за Вашу работу!!!
WOW! Спасибо большое!!!! Иногда очень сомневаюсь, достойна ли я преподавать русский. Я рада получить одобрение от носителя :)
@@howjaneylearned Сомневаться иногда всем нужно, но в Вашем случае - только не очень! Надеюсь, Вы меня поняли :)
I never had any issue differentiating between (for example) мат and мать - but did struggle differentiating between мать and мач, but then I realised I had no issue in English hearing the difference between choose and the first syllable of Tuesday (or between dew and jew).
I often hear that english-speaking people instead of [soft consonant + vowel] tend to pronounce [soft consonant + й + vowel]. For example, in "мягкий знак", "мя" was pronounced like a sort of "мья" [м' й а] instead of "мя" [м' а].
Wonderful
Examples start in 08:17
this video was made when i was 7 and it still helps a ton lol
I can't stop admiring your pronunciation.
Please tell me the secret. I guess it's a perfect pitch or music memory that helps you do it? (I'm native Russian I hear no accent when you speak)
Надо прислушаться, Автор, бывает, произносит "Й" после мягкой согласной (мЬёл), а так же вместо Шва произносит некоторую версию глубокой "а", ближе к горлу (~мАто, вместо "мАтъ", в слова "мата", после "мята").
У неё есть акцент, и не самый слабый из мною слышанных. Ей трудно произнести отдельно стоящее Ы, ей трудно воспроизводить разницу в качестве Ы после согласных типа К и Т и типа Л, М (сравните "лыжа" и "ты же"), и она произносит краткое "и" после согласных в слогах типа "мя", "ня" (как ниже заметил @user-uu4kz8sr5i ). У неё неправильное О (послушайте у неё "вонь"). И я уже не говорю о качестве безударных (редуцированных) гласных, с которыми не справляется почти никакой человек, выучивший русский во взрослом возрасте. Ну и ко всему этому описание смягчения как изменения положения середины языка крайне сомнительно в отношении согласных Б,П,В,Ф,М - там задействована другая артикуляция (и вообще отождествление палатализации - артикуляционного явления - и смягчения - акустического не вполне законно, IMHO).
Вот только что она сказала "вьёл"...
I never had a massive issue understanding the difference or hearing this in Russian, the hardest part was incorporating it within words (mostly big words.)
Yes! Especially when you're tired or cold. My tongue gets lazy :)
Когда на все это смотришь, имея относительно неплохой багаж знаний английского, то понимаешь такую вещь, которую ни в школе, ни на улице не объяснят. Хм... наверное это можно назвать "дикостью языка" для инглиш нэйтивов. И это все словами передать ну просто невозможно, только вот такими видео. То, что для нас обыденность - для них тот еще труд и... непонятность что ли. Прям в речи чувствуется, что чужды им такие понятия.
И забавно, что языки-то у нас родственные
Very very useful video, thank you so much!
Thanks alot it is the best explanation for sure
Большое спасибо для вот!
So difficult for me... But it starts becoming clear.
this was very clear and helpful (and i've brushed against russian many times over many years and always been confused by this)
as a very definitely non-russian speaker looking for a rough approximation explained in my english-phoneme universe, does it make sense to think of it like this: when you glide into a vowel from a Y, instead of sharply transitioning from the preceding consonant to Y [as you might in a clipped british accent], the palatalized consonant anticipates the Y with a form that minimizes the physical transition between consonant and Y?
and am i right in thinking british "RP" speakers work [maybe a bit too hard] to remove consonant palatalization, and would think it sounds like "lazy speech"?
There shouldn't be a Y sound after a consonant. The consonant itself should sound differently, it should be palatalized. It's a really difficult concept to grasp for non-russians. They try to put a Y sound after a consonant. Yes, it makes the consonant sound 'soft' and it's better, than ignoring softness completely. But this is cheating and still sounds incorrect. There shouldn't be any third sound between a consonant and a vowel. Just a soft consonant and then a vowel, with a smooth transition between them
Thanks, the comparison really helped.
It's curious that in Russian palatalized /d/ and /t/ are a little depalatalized or affricated to /dz/ and /ts/ while in other Slavic language, like Polish for instance, and (the same goes with other vowels) are really palatalized. The same in Serbian with and . At least that's what it sounds to me.
Вы говорите о сильной палатализации в польском, в русском же она слабая.
Это два разных явления, и я бы сказал, что всё наоборот: в русском есть палатализация "й", а в польском она исчезла и превратилась в "щь".
Конечно, как я думаю, это вопрос терминологии и относительности (считать ли эти явления подтипами одного или это два разных, просто один может вытечь из другого), однако именно польский принцип возник позже, на основе первого, слабого - у него мягкие, с веками, стали шипящими. А вот в русском палатализация не исчезала - она осталась.
То есть сначала была призвук "Й", а потом он стал более сжато артикулироваться и стал "ЩЬ".
Very VERY good and useful. Thanks. I hate that "bl". Can't get right that ugly sounding letter (every language has at least one of those).. But distinguishing soft and hard consonants with the exercises was very helpful. I have you in my 'watch later' bookmark.
В американском английском "Ы" тоже есть, после буквы "L" (softLY).
Really clear explanations, thank you.
I can't hear the difference in some of the words, but at least it makes sense now
Im watching this because of my struggle with polish ń ś ć ź , the нь one was really helpful , this video is amazing , palatalization is very interesting , but it is also interesting how English "sh " for instance isn't equal to russian ш or polish sz , according to wikipedia , their IPA symbol should be this :
ʂ , where is in English or in my native tongue (arabic) it is this : ʃ .
So even the hard (default) versions of some letters in those slavic languages can be distinct from the ones we are accustomed to in english .
Hey, I think its very cool that u r using the IPA for that! Im doing the same, however I cant pronounce ʂ hahaha but im not the only one 😆
Но учтите, что в польском, где в русском "сь, ть, зь" - у них там "щь, чь, жь".
Для польского уха это аллофоны, для русского же это отдельные фонемы.
This really helped me a lot, thanks a lot!
Genius! No example of soft T!
Please more video 🙏🙏🙏❤️
7:05 to 8:16 is driving me crazy, 1 minute of explanation of what this page is, let’s just start hearing the difference…
I've been binging this channel and I'm really sad that you don't upload these lessons anymore 😢😢
I'm starting back up. Stay tuned. Anything you'd like help with in particular?
Привет! Как успехи спустя 3 года?
@@BetterDeadThanRed-1 привет! Да я чувствую себя как я могу говорить лучше теперь чем тогда, когда я коммент писал. Три года сделал большую разницу по моему
@@jamesatherton1853 молодец! Твой прогресс очень заметен. Продолжай в том же духе. Keep it that way!
Just a quick question.
If I'm not mistaken, the place of articulation for v, b, and m, p sounds are not in the palate, but to make them soft sounds we'd still have to put our tongue in the palate as if we're in a way blocking the airflow?
Right, palatalization is what's called "secondary articulation" meaning that the tongue is pressing up to the palate IN ADDITION to the primary articulation, which would be the labial/bilabials v, b, m and p.
This video helps so much! 😃👍
3:35 ещё твёрдый знак бы не помешал, он тоже, формально, оставляет твёрдость у согласной, за которой стоит йотированная гласная (подЪезд - Д твёрдая).
Формально, потому что часто звучит как с мягким знаком (например съесть, звучит как сьесть). Но, всё же, буква имеет смысл твёрдости и отделяет от гласной.
Thank you, this video is very helpful
You are very nice! Thanks
Большое спасибо.
Amazing video! Helped me so much! :)
Hi
Many thanks for video
How many percentage of russian wods like this mean sound same but meaning and spelling different?
The percentage is not that high. But the number of such words is pretty high. I don't know, maybe hundreds of them
This is so useful
Hey, I have a question :) Has it a logical reason to order the soft and hard vowels like this (А, Э, О, У, Ы and Я, Е, Ё, Ю, И)? 3:05 Im just wondering cuz it isnt ordered by the alphabet or something 😆😅
Right! They are matched up as pairs. A, with a 'y' sound in front (indicating the softness of the previous consonant) is Я, Э (put a 'y' sound in front) becomes Е. And so on..
@@howjaneylearned Oh ok! And why not for example А, О, У, Ы and Э and then the pairs (Я, Ё, Ю, И and Е)?
@@galaxydave3807 Good question! I suppose you could. There's not really a specific way of doing it.
12:42 вы сказали "вЬёл".
I can pronounce and hear the difference really well when it doesn't have the soft sign letter, because letters like я ë ю already have the the "j" sound in front of them. Is it a right way of thinking here?
Нет, "Й", в мягких согласных, звучит одновременно с ними, а не после них.
Й может звучать после мягкой согласной, если вы увидите на письме сочетание "ья|ье|ьё|ью" (ещё бывает, в некоторых случаях, Ъ становится как Ь, но это не обязательно, вариативно и не всегда возможно.
К примеру, "съесть" может звучать и как "сЪесьть" и как "сЬесьть" (ье), но вот "подъезд" всегда только "падЪест").
No, unfortunately there's no "j" sound after a consonant. There should be just a consonant and a vowel after it. The consonant itself should sound differently, it should be palatalized
на 12.00 слово "Мата" даже я как носитель не сразу понял, очень странный пример, но тем не менее оно от слова "Мат", и его можно использовать, если попросить собеседника говорить без Мата, то есть не ругаться)
Почему вы ассоциируете слово "мат" с чём-то грубым?
Вообще то есть ещё спортивные маты. И в шахматах мат тоже бывает. ))))
Thank you!
I can only understand when it comes to n = ñ. So clear to me. But with other consonants, I have no idea whatsoever.
12:36 "HOC" sounds exactly the same as the Portuguese word "Nós", which means "We"
Russian parallel is another form of We - "Нас".
"Нас хотели увидеть" (*They* wanted to see us)
Более видео пожалуйста!!
Hey I have a question again :) What is the difference between "dʲ", "dj" and "ˈɟ" for example (IPA)? Or "n", "nj" and "ɲ"? Im confused a bit xD
Если "j" пишут отдельно, то она звучит после согласной, а не одновременно.
Посмотрите "Фонетик Фанатик".
my problem isn't that i dont hear it, it is getting my tongue to make the sound. it seems to sound the same to me regardless of how i feel im using my tongue.
This is my problem too
Are,you an English speaker?
Would you say that the ´ing’ ending in in English words is palatalized? Thank you for your clear presentation.
No. The back of your tongue is being used more there. Palatalization involves the middle of your tongue.
@@howjaneylearned к сожалению, вы, отчасти, ошибаетесь:
"-ing" как бы "палатализирована" (точнее там должен быть плюсик в МФА, под символом, но, по сути, это фонетически близкое явление по звучанию к палатализации), а "-ng" нет.
Сравните sing и song.
Можете даже произнести song, удержать этот звук "ng" без палатализации, и попытаться произнести с помощью него sing - если сделать правильно, то получится очень странное звучание, вместо sInь(g), sIn(g).
Можете посмотреть "Фонетик Фанатик" и ещё был британский Автор, забыл его ник =(
In English, there is no palatalisation here -- but nasalisation.
I'm not hearing a difference in consonant but definitely hearing how the vowel before changes
That’s very insightful! And you’re 100% right. The vowel preceded gets a tiny (ee) sound as it moves into position for the palatalization.
@@howjaneylearnedNo, as I understand, there shouldn't be ee there. I noticed that you sometimes pronounce vowels like diphthongs in this video. But it doesn't sound right
Love your video. The recording quality is primo, the articulation is primo, and I can hear the articulation of the hard and soft consonants quite clearly. Job well done. But I found that vulgar Americanism "gonna"-word to be quite distracting ☺.
You should exaggerate and amplify the differences in your demonstrations. Most students still can't hear the differences because the differences are not amplified and exaggerated enough to be clearly heard, perceived, understood and comprehended.
I don't know how common this is, but I'm only able to fully distinguish and pronounce the soft versions of т,д, and л. I can sort of pronounce soft н, but I can't distinguish it when listening. Every other letter? Haha nope. With that being said, I'm a first-year high school Russian student, so I definitely have some time to get it together :p
Listen carefully (and also feel what your tongue is doing) the difference between "s" sound in the words "see" and "say". It is soft in the first word and hard in the second.
@@kristinavaraksina2715 it isn't. It's not pslatalized in these words.
@@kristinavaraksina2715 соглашусь с poe12: see звучит как [sIi], так же как "I" в "bit": [bI?t].
Which university do you teach at? Great video, thank you.
I just finished up my jobs last summer at Utah Valley University and Brigham Young University.
Hello, could you tell me the pronounciation of the soft T? Pronounced ts in English or ch in English?
It's not quite either. You are making "T" with the tip of your tongue and putting the middle of your tongue on the top of you mouth as well.
i heardd the difference in all of them
Are you Russian? Your Russian pronunciation is perfect!
Thank you! No, I'm an American. I've been studying and speaking Russian for 15 years.
Judging by the way you pronounce мягкий знак and the sounds, it seems to me that you have a perfect Russian accent, but you put the stress on the first word, in the manner of English compound words, whereas it should be the second word that is more stressed :)
Ну, она еще говорит оглушенную г как... украинскую г что ли. А так, да: отличное произношение. Но вот гэ режет ухо немного.
Если вы про ту Г в слове мягкий, то всё же правильно. Я сам так говорю «мяхкий, лёхкий», но при этом произношу порог как «порок».
@@jakemachine5932 парок
@@jakemachine5932 *мяхЬкий, лёхЬкий =)
Думаю именно это и ударило по ушам комментатора: он услышал твёрдую Х, хотя привычна там мягкая ХЬ.
she sounds very skeptical,
what is it
IT IS how did you know???
Slight correction on your pronunciation of ВЁЛ. It should be [в'ол]. Yours sounds as [в'jол] to my ears. Need to drop that j/й sound there. Note, if such a word existed what you pronounced would be written as ВЬЁЛ.
Woohoo!! Got 💯%
Hi
Thanks for the video 🥇
I just want to ask is possible to remove hard and soft vowles and create one
How it will affect russian language?
Just curious about this fact
Please reply no heart this time 😀
Yes. In linguistics these are called “minimal pairs”- words that are only different by one sound. Such as быть/бить
What would happen to the English lexicon if we stopped making the distinction between t and d? Bat and bad, to and do-would all sound exactly the same and the language would be confusing.
Also, The vowel just changes the way you pronounce the preceding consonant. There was a time in RUSSIAN where you needed to indicate the hardness or softness of EVERY consonant. So having this vowel system made that possible. Here is my video on a letter that no longer exists that used to be used at the end of words: ruclips.net/video/RWzlIQs4rac/видео.html
@@howjaneylearned many thanks for reply
🥇🥇
Just want to ask you do you think translation give you exact meaning of quotes of Leo Tolstoy or Pushkin or any other person like Confucius in China?
No more questions.
Make similar video old video it make more impact and also you look beautiful^^❤️
Of course these quotes can translate the MEANING. They can’t, however, translate the clever use of the language.
I got full marks :-)
I can hear the difference very distinctively but I cannot say the ь to save my life.
I really have problems with palatized final t, it just does not sound any different than “ts” to me :(
Потому что в звуке "ТЬ" есть призвук "сь": [ТЬ(сь)].
Однако, в обычной речи, в конце слова, "ть" обрывается на половине хода - взрыва не происходит [ТЬ^]. Однако, в таком, случае вам будет слышно ещё хуже. По этому Автор видео утрирует, из-за чего поляется "сь", что вполне естественно. Однако "сь" там очень слабое, если его произносить полностью, то получится белорусский акцент, то есть надо либо "ТЬ^", с отрывом, либо "ТЬ(сь)", но никогда не "ТЬСЬ", что бы не получалась "ЦЬ".
Тоже самое с ДЬ, там призвук "зь": [ДЬ(зь)]. А в конце слова оглушается до того же "ТЬ^".
@@НектоНеизвестный-в1р Thank you for this comment. This is really tough for me and I feel it's harder because I'm trying to teach myself and don't have any instructor. I appreciate your explanation.
@@daughteroftiaran пожалуйста =)
Можете задать мне ещё вопросы, если хотите - постараюсь ответить, если получится.
I cannot differenciate them.
What does НЁС means? Or does it same as нёс? And actually this both Words are not Russian words so wondering why did you bring this words in the course?
it's one Russian word which means "(I/you/he) carried" (past tense masculine form of "нести")
Demonstrations should be repeated 10 to 20 times, with very pronounced amplification and exaggeration.
Only this could the students be really helped.
No es tan dificil.
Only the tip of my tongue touches the back of my teeth when I say minion so I have no clue what you're talking about. It would be useful to have multiple English or familiar examples.
You are probably one of the people who pronounces it "min-yon". If you pronounced it "mi-nyon" (two syllables, not three), you would be palatalizing the N. Another example is the schoolyard taunt "nyaah" (one syllable).
It's hard for English speakers to hear because palatalization is rarely significant in English.
It's a common mistake to demonstrate merely twice.
Demonstrations should be repeated at least 10 to 20 times to be pedagogically effective.
Rewind? (Don't thank 😀
It’s so difficult 😥!!
It definitely takes practice. Eventually you'll be able to at least hear the difference. Then with a little more practice you'll be able to produce the difference.
Привет :3 как я сюда попала? Я же русская :3