Exodus Rediscovered: Documentary
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- Опубликовано: 20 окт 2024
- It's time to look into if the Exodus is historical or not! We evaluate all the evidence for the exodus and ask if it is historical or not.
This is a revised and updated version. The old one was removed last year. Sources are included throughout the video.
Dr. Falk’s channel: / ancientegyptandthebible
Don't forget to help us create more videos! We need your support:
/ inspiringphilosophy
/ @inspiringphilosophy
#Israel #Egypt #Archaeology
I said it once already, but it bears repeating: the level of research and argumentation is this video is top shelf. This is the kind of work we Christians should be supporting, so let me put my money where my mouth is with this donation.
Nice
AGREEE
so the biggest error is that the Pharaoh under Moses served for 40+ years. Seti 1st did not serve this long. Rameses then cant be the Pharaoh who faced Moses.
@@kaptaink1959 Interesting. (I don't know, nor anyone - for that matter - can be 100% certain) Got Questions (org) has an excellent article on this (Pharaoh-of-the-Exodus). It's very well done, check it out.
>>>>>> LEARN HOW TO SPELL ""BARES"",,,,,,,,,???????????
The fact that you made this whole video months ago, was like "Nah I don't agree with that" and then just took it down and re-did it....... That's some MAD respect.
Thank you
@@InspiringPhilosophy
I had heard/read that Israeli scholars/archaeologists recently concluded thede is ZERO EVIDENCE the Exodus took place, or that an historical Moses really existed. What say ye???
@@James-ll3jb
Lol, lmao even.
If I am right they are the same ones that claimed that "no evidence of the exodus was found during the excavation in the sinai desert".
Of course, then they got trashed because;
A: There has never been a deep excavation in the sinai, since the expenses to remove dozens of meters of sand blindly would be astronomical
B: The last time they tried they found a car from the 80s 15 meters under the sand and left the idea.
@@juanlulourido548 i badammed
@@juanlulourido548 I only believe what I read in The Smithsonian lol!!!
Thank you so much for all the hard work you put into your videos. When I was on the fence about faith in God and deeply depressed for about 10 years, it was when I discovered your channel that helped me back on track with Jesus, who then set me completely free from any depression! Now I want to learn as much as I can from you and other Christian RUclipsrs and become someone who can also help others who struggle with faith. Hallelujah! Thank God for you, Michael! You really are inspiring! God bless you, brother! Greetings from Cologne, Germany.
I am glad I could help.
That’s awesome to hear! Will be praying for you.
@@harrymaurer7984 Thank you!! :)
indeed bible is not coherent book its an eclactic book they sometimes use septuagint and sometimes use masoratic which is corrupted, septuagint also have vast differences and error, new testament also have variants and interpolation in early ages seems like unpreserved and unfinished job until scholars selected which is original word centuries later, we believe god is created fine tuned universe as detailed as molecules there are no maverick molecules that escape god, now with all this great details and fine tuned universe which need to be in balance of matters to be sustained, why the bible is not as perfect as that? why scholars are in quest for the perfect bible?
If you want your mind blown by how deep the Scriptures can get, look up anything by Chuck Missler and Koinonia ministries
(Koinonia is a Greek word that means "fellowship ").
This channel has helped me so much in my faith and it has answered so many questions that I've had. Thank you for the work you put into these videos.
I must admit your work is absolutely stupendous your sources are and your evidence fits together very well and your composition overall wonderful
evidence like the pharoah of the oppression ruled for 40+ years? not Ramesses II. That the pharoah of Exodus was not a 1st born son? Not Ramesses II either. Who fits these qualifications? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_II this guy
the fact that you used ALOT of sources David cited in his series of the exodus makes me so happy. that documentary was so well done tho ly mike
What’s the documentary called, very interesting I hearing more.
@@jeremywendelin its a mini series david did on his channel "acient egypt and the bible" its intresting.
ruclips.net/p/PLJDJ1utc3QdrL6zhMcK-A1BXo8egfR4Hb
heres the link
Who's David?
@@nox567 David falk.
He should have more subscribers
Egyptologists and archeologists who say "there is no proof" don't like to be reminded that Ramses II was such a gas lighting narcissist, he was rewriting history actively *_while things were happening_* , making Egyptian records very questionable in many ways.
got any evidence on it? id love to read it
@@user-oh5gz4ue6r , you are kidding, right? There are books written about it! Egyptology and archeology revealed it. Hell, even source books for RPGs have talked about it!! It was historical fact a long time ago.
ruclips.net/video/R-jYl8LxSgY/видео.html
This is just a sample of how much of an egotistical narcissist....
Yeah, but there would he still archeological evidence, just by the remains that are found.
@@coredeadman5980, not really. Even in many well preserved actual burial sites that hasn't been the case. Also, considering the multiple times people "with an ax to grind" have tried falsifying things, the reality just says different.
There have been multiple times entire armies vanished without a trace, and have yet to be found, when there are "clear records" as well. Hell, we have in this century already had an entire airplane, passengers, crew, and all, vanish without a trace...
Funny, no one ever re-wrote what was in the Bible to advance an agenda either, lol.
When I first watched this video, it made me very angry and I even hit the thumbs down button. I was a committed early exodus dater, as I had been taught to believe that all the numbers in the Bible should be interpreted literally and had grown up in a very conservative YEC Baptist family. It took some time, but I began watching Dr. Falk's videos and switched to the 13th-century BCE date later that year. I just wanted to say thank you IP for making this and I am sorry for hating it so much initially. It is a great video!
No worries. Thank you for the donation and being open to the evidence.
This was one of your best videos. The colab With an actual egyptologist by itself gives more legitimacy, but the reffrences are *abbundant* and there are no "rat holes" in the argument. Great job 👍💪👌📈
He did a very good job on the overall argument. But the late date arguments have too many holes. Other than that good job
@@MereTheology He did a "very good job" of upholding confirmation bias and the apologetics agenda, with actual history and archaeology, not so much.
He couldn't colab with an egyptologist because they would have warmed him against confirmation bias.
@@highroller-jq3ix how did he uphold confirmation bias?…
Good job Michael. At this point, I still favor an early date (~1400BC; Thutmose IV), but you've raised some interesting observations worth discussing further. (Agree to disagree for the time being.) Your contributions to the body of Christ are valuable and appreciated. Blessings to you & to Dr. Falk.
Me too, here’s the first part 1 of a 2 part series from The Associates of Biblical Research on this issue.
ruclips.net/video/iPYkoKyRfKw/видео.html
Part 2: ruclips.net/video/XpRUe6-tkzQ/видео.html
@@harrymaurer7984 The Associates of Biblical Research is a fringe organization.
@@Pseudo-Jonathan Fringe? You mean kind of like the ancient Israelites themselves were? You should probably pay really close attention to ABR then.
@@Pseudo-Jonathan Pointing something out as fridge doesn't mean it's not worth looking into.
I said a year ago that I would send this video for the evidence for the Exodus to my friends. It's been awhile but I have the same plan.
"Whoever loves discipline loves knowledge, but he who hates reproof is stupid." -Proverbs 12:1 It shows a lot of class and wisdom to admit you were wrong. Awesome video.
Finally reuploaded. I watched the first upload and have been anticipating the re-upload, because this is one of the best done documentaries. I enjoyed and learned so much feom it, I can't wait to share, share, and share.
I love this. You’re an excellent help to all of us faithful who want more confidence in our beliefs. You “inspired” me to make my own channel, akhi. God bless
i love your channel so much. all your videos are so well researched and put together and you always have ideas that i haven't heard from anyone else. one of my fav christian apologists for sure
WOW.
Thank you.
It's weird to think your best videos probably still haven't been made yet, because this was AWESOME.
Bro you're brilliant, this is absolutely excellent work. As usual to be expected of you truly, your work has made an IMMENSE impact on the strength of the arguments for the validity of the Bible and honestly bro, you're without a shadow of a doubt, going to be remembered as one of the BIGGEST contributors to arguments for the BIble's authenticity. Thank you bro, God is good, Our Lord Jesus is smiling on your so very much
I can't begin to thank you enough for your work, Michael. This must have taken such a long time to research, record, mix, etc. We really appreciate it, sir
Interesting! Curious to see this. Just saw a RUclips video where David Falk talks a little bit about all the words in Hebrew that are obviously loan words from Egyptian. Really glad to hear that and this should be pretty good!
By “Egyptian” do you mean Arabic ? Or the ancient Egyptian Lang ?
@@DavidTextle No, Egyptian.
Yes the Israelites were in Egypt about 400 years. They also invented the world's first alphabet from Pictographic hebrew words. The Phoenicians and the Greeks plagiarized the letters and made them their own but hebrew is the world's oldest alphabet.
@@keepthechange2811 lol no
@@keepthechange2811 "plagiarize" is hardly the proper word to use here.
Great job, Mike and all involved in the production. You're helping a lot of people and encouraging them to walk things out instead of passively ignoring these details and pretending to not be convinced
This was well thought out and produced. Thank you and I look forward to more. I just subscribed to your channel
Thank you
INSPIRINGPHILOSOSPHY IS A LIAR. THE CHANNEL IS NOT INSPIRING NOTHING OTHER THAN WESTERN PROPAGANDA LIES. THERE WAS NO EXODUS. JEWS REALLY ARE ANGLO SAXO FRENCH AND GERMANS. THEY ARE LATE COMERS TO RELIGION. COMING IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY. THIS PEOPLE ARE THE MOST FAKE PEOPLE ON THE PLANET AND THERE FRAUD IS NOW BEEN DISCOVERED ALL OVER THE WORLD. THEY ARE CRIMINALS. Go now to youtube channel dark matter1801 and watch who is messing with God. Also watch Egyptology deepest blackhole uncovered. Watch Ancient Egyptian Pharoah under attach and watch the infinity sign. We tell you who the real Ancient Egyptians are. Who Thot is, who Horus is, who Osiris is, who built the pyramids of Giza and the sphinx. WESTERN EMPIRE OF LIES.
It would be interesting if the Bronze Age Collapse eventually becomes a source of evidence. In the sense that the loss of the Isrealites and a major army contingent led to a loss of power and trade for Egypt and contributed to the general economic collapse of much of the major powers at the time. If so, then Egypt would have been even more eager to hide the incident as the knowledge of it would have been ruining their regional clout. In that case, maybe textual evidence could be found in the other groups that Egypt traded with as they would have been less inclined to care for Egypt's pride.
Yes, I wish he would tie in these ESSENTIAL data:
1. The SHORTER SOJOURN in Egypt as testified in the Septuagint, historians, and other non-Masoretic texts.
2. The VOLCANIC eruption of Thira. This cataclysmic event must fit in somehow.
3. COLLAPSE of the Bronze Age. Estimates of around 1186 B.C. should somehow sync with the plagues and exodus.
I've always believed that, considering the time periods sync up pretty much perfectly, that the Exodus was apart of the Egyptian side of the Bronze Age Collapse. It makes sense that between the other factors that effect the cultures of the near east and Mediterranean regions, that a mass exodus of a major workforce would contribute to that.
🤺☦🇷🇺Wrong. It's not even close to the biblical timing lol. Joseph was at the time of the Hyksos. The creators of this vid are ignorant Protestants. Allah Himself wrote the 5 books of Moses, by dictating it to Moses. Now, the Bible is a prophetic book, not plain history, and certain place names were given retrospectively as they were called in the future, that's all. Like it was the case with the river of Eden which encircled the land of "Cush"...Abraham going all the way to "Dan"... The Pharaohs of Moses' time were Ahmose I, Thutmose III, and Amenhotep II, with Hatshepsut as the Pharaoh's daughter.
To the contrary, Egypt was the only east mediteranean nation that survived (albeit greatly weakened) from the Bronze Age Collapse. Only afterwards is the establishment of Israel possible, since 1) an 'exodus' of the Levantic coast people for the safety of the hills swelled their ranks and 2) Egyptian power had collapsed in Canaan. Except for a lack of pork remains, all in the early Hebrews' culture (pottery, religious rites, language etc) suggests a Canaanite, not Egyptian origin. Thanks for adressing the Bronze Age Collapse, by far the most important event in the era at such a critical time.
Wow the effort you are making is tremendous and mind-blowing. Great work IP keep Going.
Ok… this is very interesting. Honestly I’ve doubted the story of Exodus because Egyptian records haven’t really have any evidence of a man harassing them in their eyes to let their slaves free who try’s to out do them with their gods against Yahweh’s resilience of not giving up at all to free his people… but here Michael, it seems that Egyptologists have over looked the evidence. This video raises my beliefs of the Book of Exodus happened, a bit more than before though. Just saying. BUT. I really enjoyed this video to bits though, fascinating to me. Keep them coming Michael!! Thank you very much for this information!! 👏🏼👍🏼
Ahh, so you have seen the video. Have you googled any sources that offer counter-views to IP's? I do that for both apologists and counter-apologists so I get both sides. And then decide if tHE eVIDaNCe!!?!?!? supports the claim.
The Egyptians also claim they won the battle of Kadesh when in reality they avoided being utterly destroyed. 😆 Kadesh stopped their progress dead.
@@ubersheizer5398 yes it's call
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae#%3A%7E%3Atext%3DDamnatio_memoriae_is_a_modern%2Ca_case_of_historical_negationism.?wprov=sfla1
🤺☦🇷🇺Wrong. It's not even close to the biblical timing lol. Joseph was at the time of the Hyksos. The creators of this vid are ignorant Protestants. Allah Himself wrote the 5 books of Moses, by dictating it to Moses. Now, the Bible is a prophetic book, not plain history, and certain place names were given retrospectively as they were called in the future, that's all. Like it was the case with the river of Eden which encircled the land of "Cush"...Abraham going all the way to "Dan"... The Pharaohs of Moses' time were Ahmose I, Thutmose III, and Amenhotep II, with Hatshepsut as the Pharaoh's daughter.
@@EasternRomeOrthodoxy Read the Amarna Letters. It mentions the city of Danuna in EA151. It was mentioned along with the cities of Sidon, Gubla, Ugarit and Qidšu, all being in the northern area. And that was mid 14th Century. It might just have been a coincidence that the tribe of Dan was given land in that area or Joshua had a sense of humor.
I want to say that I greatly appreciate how you had the humility to take down a video, and re-research things about the Exodus, re-edit, re-format, and come to a more nuanced conclusion. It probably took a lot of time, and you did it because you were intellectually humble enough to do so, which I highly respect.
History Channel, eat your heart out! What a fantastic presentation! I’ve leaned toward the early date for the exodus, but this might just have convinced me otherwise.
Thank you, I’m part 2 and 3 I’ll add even more evidence for he late date!
@@InspiringPhilosophy Wow, this part was so comprehensive! And you still have enough to make not one, but *two* more episodes?
@@casualchanneluser2415 actually, Kathleen Kennedy puts that a century earlier. Also, there is no conquest of Ai, Hatsor and numerous other cities.
What convinced me was actually a thumbnail by the channel UsefulCharts, which displayed the Exodus chronology in both the standard interpretation of years, and the years of the Hebrew calendar and how it functioned. Seeing that made me realize how many Christians today got the chronology of the latter part of Genesis and Exodus so wrong. It was because we were measuring the time based on the modern understanding of years as opposed to the actual yearly understanding of the Hebrews, which was a lunar calendar.
indeed bible is not coherent book its an eclactic book they sometimes use septuagint and sometimes use masoratic which is corrupted, septuagint also have vast differences and error, new testament also have variants and interpolation in early ages seems like unpreserved and unfinished job until scholars selected which is original word centuries later, we believe god is created fine tuned universe as detailed as molecules there are no maverick molecules that escape god, now with all this great details and fine tuned universe which need to be in balance of matters to be sustained, why the bible is not as perfect as that? why scholars are in quest for the perfect bible?
IP I've been subscribed for a couple years now, but you've been the chief reason I've cultivated an interest in Biblical archeology/historiography. Thanks for your work!
Edit: grammar
That is great to hear! I’m so honored. Thank you for the donation.
Wonderful so confident to be able to share this with my grandchildren.
I BEEN LOOKING FORWARD TO THIS!! THANK YOU
A lot of this information went over my head, but I still love this documentary because of the amount of material here to research. I'll share this with my friends.
I really appreciate these videos. Back when I was first becoming a Christian, I nearly abandoned it because of the doubts I had, and these videos helped a ton in confirming my faith.
What an epic video! Wonderful job with your arguments, sources, and media arts!
Excellent video! The level of research was very good and thorough. I will definitely be recommending this video to others.
I think you just vindicated Cecil B. DeMille since in both versions of The Ten Commandments (one in 1923 and the other in 1956) he took an educated guess and said that Rameses II was the Pharaoh of the Exodus not once but twice, and it's starting to look like he was right. If so, quite an amazing feat given that what little was known of Ancient Egypt prior to 1922.
This is absolutely amazing! Honestly I wish I could donate to you. This is so thorough and well-researched, and the amount of talent you have is amazing!
The extent of my knowledge on this subject came from Patterns of Evidence, that being said for a while now I've been finding critiques and evidence against the view they put forward, so thank you for this documentary. I still have much research to do on this subject, on my own, but your videos always help point me towards great resources and give awesome info. Thanks IP. 😁
@Jacob Brown Like you I have to give Patterns of Evidence credit for getting me interested in looking for information about a historical exodus, even though what I found totally disagreed with the POE view. I also love the way this video tactfully pointed out that the claims of Stripling and Petrovich do not fit the available facts but politely refrained from calling them by the term we commonly use for for people who make claims contrary to the facts. Nicely played, and I think I detect Michael Jones' lighter touch there. In my experience Dr David Falk is much more likely to 'call a spade a spade.'
Cant wait for more on Exodus this is heat!!!🔥🔥🔥🔥😩😩😩 keep it up IP
What a fascinating and very well produced documentary. I appreciate the impeccable research, as always. The loan words data was new to me, and I agree a very important piece of the puzzle. The names data pretty much makes the "later legend" theory impossible, as that is not the kind of thing anyone would have been able to fake in the 5th century BC (or whenever exactly one wants to place the supposed invention) no matter how hard they tried - the necessary simple would not have available.
Thank you, glad you liked it.
Many people such as Atheists and Muslims have attempted to disprove the Bible but no one has been able to do so, so far.
That's something that the apocrypha literally always gets wrong, and it was written in a much more historical/logical period.
🤺☦🇷🇺Wrong. It's not even close to the biblical timing lol. Joseph was at the time of the Hyksos. The creators of this vid are ignorant Protestants. Allah Himself wrote the 5 books of Moses, by dictating it to Moses. Now, the Bible is a prophetic book, not plain history, and certain place names were given retrospectively as they were called in the future, that's all. Like it was the case with the river of Eden which encircled the land of "Cush"...Abraham going all the way to "Dan"... The Pharaohs of Moses' time were Ahmose I, Thutmose III, and Amenhotep II, with Hatshepsut as the Pharaoh's daughter.
IP thanks for reinforcing my faith, the validity of exodus has been one of the last questions but it has been answered now.
my faith has been stronger than ever and I've been sharing my faith to other people
This is absolutely epic! Amazing cinematography and editing, and very very well research!
now just need to worship the cross of white light ! made out of the blood of chrsit for the brainwashed sheeps
Is it? One minute he's trying to prove that the Exodus is history next he's saying let's use the Exodus story as the primary evidence that the Exodus story is true. It's just nonsense & he knows it. 2,500,000 million people with animals, supplies, weapons, fire wood, tents, would be in a line 200 miles long (eight abreast with three feet between each row) Women with babies, children, pregnant women, old people, crippled, blind, sick. Yet this line was supposed to outrun the Egyptian Army, with Chariots & Horse's in a single day & night!! Come on? Personally I'd love the story to be true but sadly it's a myth.
🤺☦🇷🇺Wrong. It's not even close to the biblical timing lol. Joseph was at the time of the Hyksos. The creators of this vid are ignorant Protestants. Allah Himself wrote the 5 books of Moses, by dictating it to Moses. Now, the Bible is a prophetic book, not plain history, and certain place names were given retrospectively as they were called in the future, that's all. Like it was the case with the river of Eden which encircled the land of "Cush"...Abraham going all the way to "Dan"... The Pharaohs of Moses' time were Ahmose I, Thutmose III, and Amenhotep II, with Hatshepsut as the Pharaoh's daughter.
I'm a bible minimalist whose prime interest is the Bronze Age Collapse, and I can say I am impressed with how much I agree with this guy. Great research indeed. 👍
@@martinportelance138 "Minimalist"? lol wtf does that mean..? You mean you are a Protestant heathen right?)
That was excellent. Thank you. I look forward to the next episode.
Well researched and u didn't promote any pseudo history in this. Only intellectual and factual events, history, and evidence. Cheers
Right off the jump, I gotta say this modern assertion that something is "just a myth, therefore its not true" is bogus. Something being known so universally by so many people for such a long time can't just be dismissed because someone slaps the label "myth" onto it. Have something more, else I'm boutta start reminding everyone of the "myth" that is the enlightenment.
--- so, despite the fact that biologists, and specifically felinologists, plus scientists at wildlife departments ( state and federal ) all say that black panthers don't exist, that so many folks claim to have seen one ( and everyone has a grand pa or old uncle who also does ) proves black panthers really do exist ?
Nice try Michael but the exodus didn't happen. Plus no heroic dude named Moses either.
@@paulbrandel5980It shouldn't be worth arguing with you.
I always thought it was earlier, but you have convinced me of the late date.
After watching an objective-looking UsefulCharts video that categorised most of the OT as myth written around the time of the Exile, my confidence in the reliability of the OT dropped quite a bit.
But this video has helped restore a lot of my hope that it might actually be reliable. Thank you.
Recommend you get Reliability of the Old Testament by Kenneth Kitchen, as well as Dr. Faulk's book on the Egyptian context of the Ark of the Covenant. The channel Associates for Biblical Research is a group of Christian archaeologists who hold to early date, and the series Patterns of Evidence also defends and early date. The late date is defended by Egypt expert James Hoffmeier's books cited in the video. The book 'Unwrapping the Pharaoh's' is a defense of the early date. IP's movie is a good defense of the late date, and I recommend watching it more then once. I recommend the channel and books I mentioned. There is also great archaeological evidence for the rest of the Old Testament. For new Testament, the book 'why trust the Gospels' by Williams and 'the Birth or Christianity: the first twenty years' are very scholarly. For proof that Jesus is God, read 'The Case for the Deity of Christ' book also from Amazon. The newest edition of 'Evidence that Demands a Verdict' also gives a good overview of the prophecies of Jesus and the resurrection, which you can get on audio or in book form.
There is no evidence the OT was written in the Exile,we have a pre Exile Hebrew Inscription from 10th century B.C and a 7th century B.C OT manuscript proving literacy rates and OT manuscripts before the Exile so the Biblical OT was written earlier than the Exile.
Don't let your feelings be a meassurer or steering wheel for your faith.
This is the video I needed to counter Biblical Minimalism and Documentary Hypothesis. Thank you from 2024.
The comparison of Persian loan words and vocab and Egyptian loan words and vocab is very compelling.
You're so blessed, and I declare: you are blessed beyond the cursed. Thank you so much for such informative and educative history - His story! Truth always Outlast lies. Cheers.Ebi Gbedi G from Lagos, Nigeria.
GREAT WORK!! Thank you for your time and hard work sir. 🙂
This was phenomenally done.
This was so well researched and presented. Thank you for sharing it!
Great video! I am still an early date proponent (for the time being), but your thoughtful research has raised some questions and I’ll have to dig in. Thanks for all the hard work you put in to these videos! I’d love to see your takes on Biblical eschatology one day!
Thank you. Remember, this is only part 1. More data is coming that will support the late date.
What are your main reasons for preferring the early date?
@@magnificentuniverse3085 If I may:
1 Kings says that the Temple was built 480 years after the Exodus.
In Judges, Jephtah says that Israel has been in the land for 300 years.
Also, all the events recorded in Joshua, Judges and 1/2 Samuel cannot fit into the mere 200 years left by a late, Rameside Exodus.
Pharaoh Merenptah (reigned from 1220 or 1210 to 1200) mentions Israel on a stele among defeated enemies. He already places them in the land of Canaan.
Dear@@str.77 ,
To add to your list, I am also impressed by the dating and sequence of the findings in the excavations at Jericho (Tell es-Sultan), Ai (Khirbet el-Maqatir), The Late Bronze Age I altar on Mt. Ebal (it was found beneath the Iron Age altar), Hazor (Tel Hazor) and Shiloh (Khirbet Seilun, also called Tel Shiloh).
The dating of ceramics in each of these excavations, supports Late Bronze I (15th century BC), which is consistent with the early Exodus perspective. These sites are a part of the sequence of the conquest as described in the Joshua Documents and Israel's pre-monarchical period. (Note: Late Bronze II for Shiloh)
Dr. Falk told me that there are problems with the identification of Khirbet el-Maqatir as being the City of Ai, during Joshua's day. He offered no elaboration of his contention. Admittedly, I can't help but to wonder if his alleged problem was that it did not fit his perspective of dating -- of the late Exodus. I think he needs to make a video identifying and explaining the problems he perceives with the identification of Khirbet el-Maqatir as Ai.
Dr. Falk contested the idea that there is evidence of conflagration, during the Late Bronze Age I, found in the excavation of Hazor. I assured him that this is what is in the excavation report, and sent him the documentation of where he can find a summary of the 2021 excavation report of Hazor, online, This excavation summary mentions evidence of such, in "Area M".
(www.hazor-excavations.org/excavations-reports/tel-hazor-2001/)
Dr. Falk did not respond. Perhaps he didn't read my response and references; I don't know. I haven't heard from him again.
Frankly, there is a lack of solid, unambiguous evidence in Egypt concerning the date of the Exodus, and I believe that, in his video, Michael gave strong, rational reasons why we shouldn't expect to find much. (thanks Michael, for making that so clear).
One more point on this issue ! I recall hearing Hoffmeier tell of a question he asked Manfred Bietak (the director of excavations at Avaris). Hoffmeier asked, "How much have we excavated in Tell el-Dab'a (Avaris)". After 70 seasons of excavations (2 seasons per yr., for 35 yrs), Bietak said, "we have excavated about 3%".
Who would draw a definitive conclusion after considering 3% of the evidence, that may be there ? Food for thought !!
This being the situation, I think a significant key to identifying the date of the Exodus, is the evidence for the conquest. There is a lot to take into consideration in the excavations of the cities of the conquest. What theory best fits the evidence that we are finding in the excavations of the cities of the conquest ??
Be Well,
DZ
indeed bible is not coherent book its an eclactic book they sometimes use septuagint and sometimes use masoratic which is corrupted, septuagint also have vast differences and error, new testament also have variants and interpolation in early ages seems like unpreserved and unfinished job until scholars selected which is original word centuries later, we believe god is created fine tuned universe as detailed as molecules there are no maverick molecules that escape god, now with all this great details and fine tuned universe which need to be in balance of matters to be sustained, why the bible is not as perfect as that? why scholars are in quest for the perfect bible?
There was a pharaoh's palace literally at Avaris built by the 18th Dynasty, on the opposite side of the river to the city. Avaris at the time was the largest city in the world. There is no obstacle that I can see at the moment to believing that the 18th Dynasty resided at Avaris, at least for portions of the year, especially as it was better situated for food gathering and distribution, and therefore oversight; it would have been cooler than Thebes or Memphis in the summer, (The hyksos had used it as their summer residence in the previous century) and also it was the primary trading city, so it was the location best suited for the receipt of luxury goods into Pharaoh's court. Avaris held a major military garrison from Ahmose onwards, right at the beginning of the 18th Dynasty, it was the main focus of the military cult of Seth which I can only assume made the area significant to military expansionists like Thutmose III, it also served as the 18th Dynasty's primary naval port from at least the period of Thutmose III onwards. Also, we know that Amenhotep II was born and raised in Memphis, so the idea that because Thebes was the capital, therefore the northern region wasn't used by Pharaoh, is incorrect. Thutmose III was raised in Thebes, which means at some point during his reign he transferred to Memphis for at least a significant portion of his reign, as his heir was raised there. As both Thutmose III and Amenhotep II are listed as potential 15th C pharaohs of the Exodus, there is no obstacle to the Pharaoh being in the area of Goshen on a regular basis. I think your initial premise would be wrong to rule out the 18th Dynasty, especially as the dating in the Biblical text is very specific in saying the 15th Century was the period of the Exodus.
yes this is very reasonable. if the Pharaoh was to campaign into Canaan in the Spring, he would be at Avaris.
But Beth there is a account of Joseph invasion of Israel in Egypt. That part people ignore.
Very well done, well put together, clear and concise, well done!
Very educational! I look forward to the next one!
Thank you for all that you do IP, your videos are sincere and respectful to the topics you address.
Great stuff! I have to wonder what Genetically Modified Skeptic would think about all this, since he's said that the apparent lack of evidence for a Jewish exodus was one of the things that led him to renounce his faith.
I wonder if he disputed any of the other migrations of the ancient near East, or just the Israelites? Also there are at least 5 different secular explanations of the origin of Israel besides the Exodus, so which one does he defend and how does he refute the others? Or does he just reject the Exodus and has no explanation for the origin of Israel? Because the Exodus gives evidence of miracles, which refutes his unbelief, I can imagine why he would be biased against it. The prophecies of Moses were fulfilled in the life, death and resurrection of Christ, and Christ affirmed the Exodus, so evidence for the prophecies of Christ and the resurrection are also good evidence for the Exodus.
@@truthisbeautiful7492 I don't really know if he makes an argument about this, I just know it was something he mentioned when Sean McDowell interviewed him as being one of the things that caused him to doubt and ultimately to give up his faith.
If he renounced his faith over that then he didn’t have faith to begin with. As faith is hope in things not yet seen as Paul puts it. Skeptic is just your typical apostate. Nothing more.
@@SymphonyZach But faith shouldn't contradict evidence.
While I disagree and still favor an early Exodus (actually I think late Hyksos/early Ahmose is compelling), this is a really well thought out and professional video. I see why a late Exodus would be appealing as an option. Great stuff!
🤺☦🇷🇺Its not about early or late date, Americans, it's about ACCURATE date. Of course his ignorant claim is false. It's not even close to the biblical timing lol. Joseph was at the time of the Hyksos. The creators of this vid are ignorant Protestants. Allah Himself wrote the 5 books of Moses, by dictating it to Moses. Now, the Bible is a prophetic book, not plain history, and certain place names were given retrospectively as they were called in the future, that's all. Like it was the case with the river of Eden which encircled the land of "Cush"...Abraham going all the way to "Dan"... The Pharaohs of Moses' time were Ahmose I, Thutmose III, and Amenhotep II, with Hatshepsut as the Pharaoh's daughter.
@@EasternRomeOrthodoxyGo away stone-licker pagan
But Eric, there is account of Joseph invading Israel by the Egyptians.
Huh? I’ve studied this subject and never heard of this.
@@ericphillips8006 Yes, you see the Pharaoh Akhenaten created his own city. At this long buried city were clay tablets called the "Amarna Letters". These letter describe them as Asiatic (what Egyptians called Moses people) as invading the levant or modern day Israel. The term they use to describe these people are the "Habiru" or Egyptian for "wandering tribes."
One small detail I’d like to point out. The fact that the baby Moses was able to float into the pharaoh’s palace so quickly with Miriam being able to supervise the whole event really proves that their palace would’ve been at Pi-Ramesses and not at Thebes
Not to mention Thebes is a long way against the flow of the river from Avaris.
@@fordprefect5304 Based on what evidence? Any scholarly evidence to back up this claim?
@@fordprefect5304 The documentary hypothesis is pure conjecture. There is no actual evidence it's true. In fact, the textual evidence directly refutes it as the texts contain language not used, and that would be unknown to, Jews living in 6th century Babylon. It is likely that the Pentateuch contains source material from the 10th century if it wasn't actually written then.
There is no causal link between Old Testament stories on other ancient Near Eastern myths. This theory has been debunked since the 19th century when it was first made. Comparisons between the Old Testament and other ANE stories are superficial at best and any detailed examination of the texts will reveal they have significant differences.
The Sargon Birth Legend likely dates to the end of the 8th century during the reign of Sargon II, who invented the birth legend when he took on Sargon of Akkad's name. The Birth Legend comes form 4 tablets, 3 from the Neo-Assyrian period (934-604) and one from the Neo-Babylonian period (625-539), the exact dates are unknown. It doesn't matter when during those times the tablets were made, any date is over 1000 years later then when Sargon actually lived in 2000 BC.
The flood myth from Gilgamesh doesn't appear in the actual poem until the 7th century.
Maybe you should read some real history, lol. This theory has been dead for almost 300 years.
@@grantgooch5834 Thank you! I was about to contemplate how to respond to his argument by stating that while Sargon's legend sounds similar to the story of Moses, there would be key differences within the texts that make them as dissimilar as they are similar. And that the big problem with imposing that the Bible directly copied other texts that contain similar accounts promotes a false cause fallacy. But you put your rebuttal in a very good way that is backed by actual examination of the historical texts. So I thank you.
@@fordprefect5304 I have... and correlation is not causation, Praefect. With your assumption that the Hebrew Bible copied from pagan Sumerian myths is a false cause fallacy, assuming (in great error, as another person who responded to you pointed out) that the Sumerian myths came first, and thus caused the creation of the Hebrew texts.
Brilliant. A wonderful and insightful introduction to the archaeological context of the Exodus.
I’m so excited, can’t wait
This is the first time that I commented to a video and I want to say thank you! Because of this, I subscribed to your channel
Excellent, as always. Thank you for your work, it's invaluable.
Interesting video once again IP, whilst I’m still doing my own research on this and am not sure of everything presented here your articulation and earnestness for truth along with high quality production is fantastic as always.
God Bless you and your ministry.
This is a masterpiece of research and actual science.
IP needs his own Netflix series, these videos are amazing keep up the great work
Nice work! Can you link Dr. Falk's channel in the description so he can get more subscribers?
Yes
3:36 There are biblical texts that refer to specific numbers of years that have passed since the Exodus, and they all point to a 15th century Exodus (1446 b.c.e.). The 15th century dating is based on the fact that Pithom and Ramses were not used as names until the time of Ramses ii. In the 15th century, it was called Avaris, and during the 13th century, it was called Pi-Ramses.
What about the Soleb inscription from around 1400 BCE that lists “the land of the nomads of YHWH” as an enemy to Amenhotep III. This seems to describe the Israelites during the wondering years of 1446-1406 if the early date is correct. Thank you for the video. Lots to think about.
FINALLY
Very informative video.. You have highlighted valid points with strong historical backing. All in all v well made video
Addressing the skeptics to the Exodus story brings to mind Yul Brynner's line from The Ten Commandments (1956)
"When the Nile ran red I too was afraid. Until word came of a mountain beyond the Cataracts, which spewed red mud and poisoned the waters. Was it the staff I gave you [Moses] that caused all this? Is it a miracle that fish should die and frogs should leave the water? Is it a miracle the flies and lice should bloat upon their carrion, spreading disease in both men and beast? These things were ordered by themselves. Not by any god."
Amazing as Always🙌 God Bless You
This was fun. I had some family listen to you. They listen to God Culture on RUclips and we had a great debate over some of the issues here. To me the bottom line for us is do we believe GOD? Going back to the Garden...Do we believe Him? But none the less this was fun. Great timing too because I am going through Exodus.
Thanks for the vid this tickled my brain may God be with you my friend
Moses in Egyptian is mw ỉṯꜣ meaning “Drawn from water.” The original Paleo-Hebrew vocalization of the name we find in the Torah 𐤌𐤔𐤄 (Mushah) is a semitic transliteration of the original Egyptian.
Amazing video like always ^^
I wonder if we'll one day see your videos on tv lol
God bless your ministry.
The site of Tel el-Daba in the Delta contains an overwhelming Semitic presence in Egypt.
Yup!
Yes, that is one of the points the video makes. And the abandonment of Tel el-Daba/Avaris during the reign of Ramesses II is a significant piece of evidence for the historical exodus.
@@DarrenGedye Actually Darren, it’s a little more complicated than that. You see… Avaris was the capital of the Hyksos (people from the Levant area) from about 1680-1550 BC. The Egyptian pharaoh Ahmose is the one who defeats them and takes their capital city Avaris. This marks the end of the “Second Intermediate Period” of Egypt. The Semitic population significantly decreases at that time (1550) and the buildings and everything from that time on are mostly Egyptian. In fact, Ahmose even had a palace built right on top of the former Hyksos fortifications of that time. The remaining Semitic people were enslaved and scattered around Egypt. This is attested to not only it Egyptian texts but also the archeological record. It’s such a significant event that many people including Manetho had linked it to the Exodus itself (roughly 1550BC). But it’s unlike the Exodus because the Hyksos are kicked out not leaving of their own free will. The people expelled are also the leaders of the government and military not the others many of whom were enslaved. All of this matches the early 1446 date of the exodus. That’s because you have Ahomse the Pharaoh that did not know Joseph taking over. So the depopulation of Avaris as far as the Semities are concerned happens in 1550 BC not the 13th century as you claim.
I like this. It always begins with the book. That is where we get our meaning from.
Interesting documentary michael. God bless
Many You-Tubers can learn from videos like this how a top-class production looks.
Thank you for the video 🙏🏻
Beautifully presented and explained. Thankyou!
I think it's much more likely that we are wrong about the date that Rameses reigned than the Bible is about the date of the exodus
Bravo 👏 Hats off to you and Dr. Falk!
A lot of good information and much of it is relevant to both the early and late Exodus perspectives. I still favor the early Exodus and do not find some of your points for the later Exodus convincing enough. There are a lot of hanging lose ends that left your case open for me, though I understand there is more to come on this issue.
Of course I have heard some of your points in Dr. Falk's videos, so not really a lot of new information. I really appreciate the presentation methodology that you use to express the points concisely and clearly (that is an aspect that Dr. Falk is severely deficient in). You are a gifted communicator in using the video to express yourself and your thoughts.
As an educator myself, I understand and appreciate the details you attend to, to bring clarity to the presentation.
I also appreciate the objectivity, civility and respect you take in countering opposing views and perspectives, particularly in relation to other brothers in Christ with who you disagree. You mentioned some people who have opposing perspectives, by name, but in a manner of factual consideration, without making derogatory remarks about them. I think this is how the body of Christ should handle these situations were we disagree.
This is something that really bothers me when Dr. Falk makes derogatory remarks about the people that oppose his perspective, calling them "liars" and implying they are dishonest people. It is my understanding that this is not an attitude a Christian should present. It kind of turns me off of Dr. Falk. I don't know why he does that.
I like the way you handle it. You just disagree with their perspective, without making any implications concerning their motives (after all, what human can really judge the intentions of their heart).
Thank you for your work and the diversity of thought that you bring into the Christian worldview.
Be Well,
DZ
Jesus repeatedly mocked the pharisees for their hippocritical acts. Not calling something as it is, is just fakery. I appreciate the sincerity more than flowery words.
@@fushumang1716 Jesus also had special revelation on who’s truly honestly mistaken or hypocritical denying fools. So I feel Christian’s should be more careful in throwing out harsh words like Jesus did. Jesus knew the hearts of all men. We don’t. So if we do go tough, we must be careful and wise enough to know who and when we should do this to
Thank you, quite affirmative documentation of an absolute truth.
You said that Exodus doesn’t say that Pharaoh died in the Red Sea, but Psalm 136:15 says otherwise.
Overthrew necessarily means to kill?
@@tinyjim123 it says that Pharaoh and his army were swepted into the Red Sea. Do you think that his army died, but Pharaoh somehow survived ?
If this verse doesn’t mean that Pharaoh died, then logically that means his army didn’t die either, which is nonsense.
@@animallover7072He probably swam and the King was not in chariots or any other heavy equipment.
The late date exodus would place the conquest of Canaan at roughly the time of the bronze age collapse. It would make sense for the Israelites to make use of an already collapsing society to ease their conquest.
Michael,
I was wondering your thoughts on Dr. Titus Kennedy's view for the Exodus being within the later 1400s BC. I know you say you switched your view based of more evidence but am curious if you have reviewed any of his work? I recently have started looking into his work so I obviously can't say I am for or against it, but was wondering your thoughts.
Trust me, you have no idea how much I have in the past. I now do not agree with a lot of what he says. I would tell you to read Kenneth kitchen instead
@@InspiringPhilosophy Wait is that what the last video was based on? Cause I just bought his book "Unearthing the Bible"
It was based on some of his work. i also drew from Douglas Petrovich and Scott Stripling. I now reject their theory.
great informative, well researched and documented research tool, great video
Your video will strengthen both jewish and christian faiths
Thank you
Enjoyed the video..very informative..alot of hard work done for it..I appreciate it a great deal..
Hey, did u ever do a video on the death of the first borns and what it means about God's nature? I got into a discussion about this event not too long ago. Their argument was that God was evil for killing innocent children. I felt that it was an unfortunate situation but that it was fair due to what the Israelites suffered and that God promised to avenge them, and also that it was probably mostly adult first borns making it hard to argue that they were mostly innocent. Do you have any thoughts on this please? Thank you.
"Get all the advice and instruction you can, so you will be wise the rest of your life."
Proverbs 19:20
Well done Michael Jones
Sir. IP, I have a question. What are your thoughts on the Sinai inscription? An inscription which also favors an early Exodus. The archeological records also mention Biblical names. Sinai 361 also mentions the name of Moses. Sinai 353 mentions the cries of a west Semitic people. Sinai 115 confirms these people to be also Hebrews.
They can be found at the book of Dr. Petrovich from the world's oldest alphabet. Thank you.
Petrovich has convinced no scholar he translated that properly. His translations are riddled with problems and conjectures.
@@InspiringPhilosophy thanks for responding, sir IP. My God continue to guide your ministry, through Christ our Lord.
I have watched this series more than three times at this point.
Your work is clean and you show the sources on screen.
There is no other RUclips creator that is as effective as presenting information that is understandable and highly intelligent.
I look forward to consuming your content for years to come. Thank you for your work.
I definitely appreciate scholarly works like this, but I consider it "icing on the cake" when it comes to my fundamental beliefs regarding the Bible and Christianity. Dating historical events in antiquity seems like such a moving target because it depends on the scant information we have now, the information we may be ignoring, and trends in academic thought that may or may not be completely discredited in the near future. 19th century archaeologists and philosophers thought they had the Bible completely figured out and based their faith (or lack thereof) on the conclusions they drew. As it turned out, their confidence in their own intellects and the information that was available at the time were extremely exaggerated. Nonetheless, many people today still have a 19th century view of the Bible which they use to justify a lack of faith in the God of the Bible. If the Bible truly is the Word of God, then obviously God is not interested in providing human beings all the archaeological and historical proofs they want to verify it. As Jesus said in Luke 16:31, "If they do not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead."
Thank you for your hard work❤️🔥❤️🔥God bless you sir