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To put into perspective the immensity of the Mongolian Empire. In Poland, there is a tomb of a knight with engravings of him fighting a Mongol horseman. A world away, in Japan, in a Samurai’s memorial, there is a painting of him fighting against a Mongol warrior. These are two civilizations who are thousand of miles away and who never knew the existence of each other. Between them, was the vast realm created by Genghis Khan.
Nobody Jones more rights for women as we can see in both the mongols and the scythians, religious freedom, and cultural tolerance, all of them rare for the time
@Klaidi Rubiku Roman army was also meritocratic and well-honed E.g. the engineer-soldier-sapplier-porters with cohorts that could act independently without the approval of a ranking superior (unheard/impermissible due to internal control and politics around the rest of the world). It is not something novel imo. Edit: Also the idea of a pure meritocracy was not feasible not even in the Mongol realms they controlled. There's a reason for that. The more you delegate to 'outsiders' the less you wield in the long-term. Some exceptional people were allowed to hold important posts (but even then always stigmatised and only with benefactor that or coup de tat), but that is something we see everywhere around the world.
deeipomar considering my cousin (we’re from Tbilisi, Georgia) is named Temur even now, I can only imagine the impact. The funny part is, my cousin Temuri is a huge and fearsome teddy bear.
@@radziwill7193 Here in Egypt after the fall of Baghdad we too thought the end of time had arrived, I guess the world wasn't just ready for the Mongol carnage. That's why I respect all the leaders who managed to stand firm and rally their peoples to defeat the Mongols, regardless of their identity or religion!!
Prince Dmitry did not actually lead this army, he was in the Western tradition of that time was on the front line of the battle disguised as a simple soldier and became an infantry order, under the princely banner at the head of the army was his distant relative dressed in his armor, he was eventually killed by the Mongols, since then there was a feudal system, each unit had its own Prince, this is different from all Western armies, where there was a single command, the Russian ambush regiment was also commanded by two nobleman, they were also not directly subordinate to Prince Dmitry, according to the formula vassal of my vassal is not my vassal, that is why all Western armies lost 90% of the time to the Mongols, because all fought separately in their own units, and the generals flew to the attack first, while the Mongol General remained behind the troops mostly on high ground, and led them with banners or messengers. so in the battle participated 100,000 people on each side, with the Russian side 50% died despite winning the battle, Dmitry himself was found unconscious after the battle, but alive., it was not found.
@Hernando Malinche there's actually a short (23 minutes long) Soviet animated movie about that battle, called "The Swans of Nepryadva". And yes, this IS a climax of the movie.
Mostly people says all of the mongol empire was done by Genghis Khan but the truth is that the mongol empire was nearly half of its actual size at the death of Genghis Khan
The real truth is Genghis Khan recruited talented people despite their ethnicity, religion and social status. A real winner is someone who realised their own shortcomings and find other people who can fill in the gaps.
@Klaidi Rubiku It was more Batu, Hulagu and Khublai who did the real expansion though. Jebe and Subutai only led reconassiance missions through Eastern Europe, they did not conquer it like Batu and Berke would. Similarly Hulagu was the one who established Mongol Rule from Iraq, Iran and Syria.
@Klaidi Rubiku They overran and defeated armies, but they did not conquer nor annex the territory. When Jebe and Subutai destroyed the Rus armies, they looted the Rus cities, celebrated, then went back home. The Rus were confused, to them these people were alien and it was unclear what they wanted. With that infomration they made the decision later to actually conquer it. It was a recon mission, not a military conquest.
Agreed a Mongol Diplomats life expectancy wasn't worth much. It's a real surprise many still volunteered knowing they could very likely die. (It's supposed to be a Joke).
@@YY-ug9mv To be honest, not orus, but oruspu is the right word for prostitute!!! There were people who had such a name, like Muhammad-Urus, or Orus, and he was a Khan. Just be calm and honest!!
@@YY-ug9mv 🤣🤣 And what is with Urus-Khan respectively Muhammad-Urus(-Orus), what can we understand reading your definition, that there was a man and his name was prostitute. What's wrong with you🤦♂️ Weather and whether, sounds the same, but those words have different meanings. In fact, you can take my piece of advice, or you can still remain ignorant!!! It's your choice!!!
What an interesting battle. Both commanders were skilled in the art of war. Both made good choices. And the better one won. I really enjoyed this video.
It seems internal disunity and infighting was what put Russians under Tatar yoke and ironically, same infighting was what made Tatars eventually lose their rule on Russian principalities.
@Orion Lord And if all of europe were united they would have dominated the whole word. Oh wait they achieved that for centuries without united... So what's your point ?
This is the problem in those days there was a so-called ladder right, that is, the father was not succeeded by the eldest son, but by his next brother. after middle brother power got a younger brother, and only after the death of his younger brother, the power passed to the eldest son of the deceased first ruler, in the End, instead of one solid state was more than 10 warring small kingdoms. who met the Mongol troops alone and of course lost. If Russia had met the Mongols under a single administration as a whole, and not fragmented, then it would have had more troops than the Mongols . But this did not happen because of the stupid system of ladder law , which gave rise to civil strife.
@@AlexCatable and yet they got their ass kicked in the next invasions and this was the biggest battle between Europe and Mongols and they got destroyed.
@@AlexCatable The next invasions they where defeated by Poland and Hungary but overall the biggest battle between Russia and Mongols was kulikovo doesn't matter if was 100 years later Germanic tribes destroyed the roman empire after 100s of years of fighting.
It should be said that Alexander Peresvet is an extremely rare exception. Most Orthodox Christian monks barely interact with the outside world, and when they do it is mostly through charity or teaching. Peresvet is a Russian Orthodox hero and is of blessed memory, but I don't believe he was ever canonized. A more 'model' Russian monk would be somebody like St. Seraphim of Sarov. However, I would not describe the lives of Orthodox monks as "peaceful." Their seemingly tranquil existence is in reality a vicious struggle against demons and passions. Monks have their own war to fight.
It was valuable psychologically and politically. First time russians have united, first time they have won nomad since mongol came. You can divide Rus principalities as those who were there, and those who wasn`t. Basically russian state and nation was made and dominated by those, who came to the Kulikovo field. And those principalities which wasn`t there aren`t a part RF now. It was not effective in diplomatic sense, but it planted a seed of a nation. P.S. Timur was feared as hell there - he was coming and nobody had any means to stop him or at least to buy his mercy. The only thing that was done - religious procession with an icon of Mary. The day when he turned back and didn`t came into russian lands (that were officially loyal to the khanate at the moment) is one of the large orthodox holidays in Russia.
@@YY-ug9mv Defeated so much, that his empire was broken and khans continued to fight each other. Timur is not only not so important for Russian history, he's not very important for Mongol history.
I just had back surgery and I have been following your channel forever. Keep up the great work! I’m a history nerd and these videos help me forget about the pain for awhile 👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾
I was a bit confused by the animations at 3:13 but I read about what happened. Yuri was granted the title Grand Prince by Ozbeg Khan and married the Khan's sister Konchaka. Mikhail led his army against Yuri and defeated him, taking his brother and wife as prisoners. However Konchaka died in custody and Yuri accused Mikhail of poisoning her (which historians consider unlikely). The Khan summoned both Princes to Sarai and had Mikhail executed for his sister's murder-
Hülegü Khan I just meant that he died before he could attack the Ming. He would’ve done some damage to them, but wouldn’t have conquered them. Much like what he did to the ottomans and Delhi
The Golden Horde gave start not only to Tatars but also to Uzbek, Kazakh, Nogai, Crimean Tatar, Karakalpak and many more as all these nations were descendants of the Golden Horde remnants who moved to other regions.
Actually, modern russian historians consider no more than 10'000 (upper limit) on the Russian side and probably a bit more on the Tatar side (no valid data to calculate properly). It was an outstanding achievement for Russian principalities at this time period to assemble such a bunch of men on the field.
The people never fought, but the rulers and their servants fought. And the people paid taxes to anyone who won. Therefore, the really real army was 10,000 warriors. And these figures of 200,000 soldiers are propaganda. To show that the people united and fought with the enemy! But in fact, the peasants didn't care who paid taxes to!! They always paid the Mongols and did not understand why they should not pay now?
@@dievotarnas1039 1- Mongol armies didnt have no peasants they were all highly trained 2- they did care who they paid taxes too its def not the same to pay taxes to mongol hordes than to Dimitri
А политика ваших правителей до сих пор такая, не допустить объединения славян. Потому что объеденившись славяне всегда вам козью морду устраивали. Вы до сих пор от этого с кроватей падаете😂
Would love to see a series on Timur's military campaigns. The guy was possibly the greatest general of the medieval era, even greater than Genghis and Subutai. He defeated several great empires, such as the Golden Horde, the Sultanate of Delhi and the Ottoman Empire.
"Russians went to Kulikovo field as citizens of various principalities and returned as a united Russian nation" - Lev Gumilev, soviet historian. Edit: I know reality and history was more complex than that, but every nation and people have their own founding myth.
@@radziwill7193 he is a historian with a talent of writer. That's why other historians who lack this talent hate him and say he is not one of them. Pure jealosy
@Klaidi Rubiku "The russians paid tribute to mongols and remained under their subjugation for other centuries." Yes, that is true. However, this battle is concidered as a turnpoint, from which the process of unification of fragmented russian lands had started. People for the first time felt like if they unite and fight together they are able to resist and even defeat mongols. Of course, ther was a still long way to go to get rid of mongol occupation, but it was important from phychological perspective.
Great content as usual K&G. Also, the moment at 4:40 made me laugh, ;)) that compilation of assassinations and power grabs. *Grabs power* **dies** *Grabs power* **dies** *Grabs power* **dies**
Interesting to see how the Golden horde fragmented while the Moscow rose. I hope to see more on the rise and fall of Toktamysh Khan, as well as the career of Jogalia and the house of Gediminas
Mongols catapulted plague victims into Kiev. The first use of biological warfare. It killed appropriately 2/3s of Europe. Remember that when some lefty says about small pox in the americas which was an accident anyways.
It seems to me that the Russian did not simple break their line in two, and then got lucky catching the mongols off guard. Instead it looks like they used a Oblique order formation to draw the mongol into a trap and crush the right wing, like the thebes did the Spartans.
@@KingsandGenerals Makes me think of the Tuvans who relate culturally to Mongolians but historically and linguistically are clearly associated with the Turkish.
@@22vx yeah, that is the case in southern Russia, Siberia, and Central Asia, too. Many Turkic speaking populations of the mixed Turko-Mongolian ancestry.
World hyperpower Thank you for uploading the video of the Mongol Empire’s conquest of Russia. This video was a great help in learning world history and world war history. 세계최강대국 몽골제국의 러시아 정복사 영상 올려주셔서 감사합니다. 이 영상은 세계사, 전쟁사를 배우는데 큰 힘이 되었습니다.
There is one addition. Dmitry simply did not have the opportunity to pay tribute to Mamai - because Tokhtamysh, supported by the great lame Timur, had gained strength beyond the Volga. At the same time, Tokhtamysh was a Chingizid, a descendant of Chingis Khan, a legitimate claimant to the throne. Mamai was simply a beklarbek, a usurper of power. According to the hierarchy of the Mongol Empire, Dmitry was higher than Mamai - since one of his ancestors was married to a girl from the Chingisid family (albeit not for long, she died when she was captured by the prince of Tver). Dmitry was the "son-in-law of the Chingisids" - "gurgen". But this is not even the main thing, the problem was that supporting Mamai, a usurper, was actually a rebellion against the legitimate khan, a descendant of Chingis Khan - Tokhtamysh. Today Dmitry will pay tribute to Mamai, and tomorrow Tokhtamysh will come and ask a polite question - and to whom did you, the Prince of Moscow, give money? To Mamai? And for what? So that he would fight with me? After that, Tokhtamysh's reserve of politeness will run out. But it is impossible to pay Tokhtamysh - Mamai is closer and demands money. In the end, Dmitry made a logical decision - not to interfere. Tokhtamysh and Mamai, you yourselves will figure out who is more important, when you decide - we will bring tribute. Maybe. But later. For Tokhtamysh, this was a good decision temporarily, but for Mamai - no, he urgently needed money for the war. And he tried to force Dmitry to pay him tribute from all of Rus', which ended in defeat on the Kulikovo Field. After which, from the point of view of Mongolian law, Dmitry was not a criminal, but on the contrary - a hero. He punished the impudent bad usurper, did a favor to the legitimate khan. It was for this reason that most of the Russian princes supported Dmitry in the battle - because they were fighting not against the legitimate ruler, but against some upstart, the usurper Mamai. But he still did not send tribute. And 2 years later, Tokhtamysh burned Moscow in a stealthy and quick raid. And here the princes did not take risks and help Dmitry - the legitimate ruler had come, and it was scary to oppose him. However, Tokhtamysh also understood that the force was no longer on his side - and he left very quickly when he learned that Dmitry and his cousin Vladimir Serpukhovskoy were gathering an army in the north. Tokhtamysh could not afford a battle with ambiguous prospects, his grip on the throne was too weak. The following year, Dmitry went to Tokhtamysh with a relatively small tribute - and Tokhtamysh accepted him, confirmed Dmitry's rights - because he understood that this was the maximum control he could have now. But the rest of the Russian principalities after the Battle of Kulikovo suddenly realized that Moscow could now solve their problems. Not only by status or origin from the great Alexander Nevsky, but simply right here and now, by force and power. After this, the process of unification of the Russian principalities around Moscow became almost unstoppable. Moreover, the Battle of Kulikovo is considered the battle that created the Russian nation. Rus' simply fell apart 50 years before the arrival of the Mongols. There were separate great principalities - Vladimir, Ryazan, Chernigov, Kiev, there were many small vassal principalities - which fought among themselves like dogs from different villages, and almost did not consider themselves as something united. But having gathered on Kulikovo Field against, probably, the most dangerous army in the world and having won the battle, they suddenly realized what kind of force they represented, united, and what achievements they were capable of. The great Russian historian Gumilev said that Muscovites, Serpukhovites, Rostovites, Belozersk people, Smolensk people, Muromites, Kievites, Chernigovites, Novgorodians, Belozersk people and many, many others came to Kulikovo Field, and those who left Kulikovo Field were Russians.
You can thank Mongols for Russia being the largest country by land in the world. In their desire for retribution, Russians kept pushing and pushing South and East until they got all the way to Alaska in the East and to the Caspian Sea and Turkey, Iran, and India to the South. They kept sacking one Khanate after another till none were left to conquer (or were by that time conquered by others).
Content of all your videos is always fascinating and fantastic. You and others like you are ushering in the new wave of how education will be provided in the future. Schooling will move from the classroom to "Distance Learning" in the home via the internet and/or TV. I see this as how education will gradually evolve.
A very interesting and well documented episode. I really enjoyed it and I congratulate you for the achievement. On the other hand, I have found an important historical escape. In the map presented at 1:46 the Oltenia area (from present-day Romania) is depicted - during the time of Ozbegh Khan (reign 1313 - 1341) - as part of the kingdom of Hungary, when in fact it was part of the Wallachian state. Let us remember that Wallachia was founded and reached the maximum territorial extent under the rule of Basarab the Founder (reign 1310 - 1352). Hungary tried to conquer Wallachia in 1330 but the Hungarian army was crushed by Basarab the Founder at the battle of Posada. The cartographic error is perpetuated throughout the documentary. Couldn't that be repaired? All the best.
That was a separatist punishment mission, in theory Dmitry Donskoi fought Mamai upon order from Toqtamysh, the real Khan of Golden Horde. He won some time for Toqtamysh to return from Khorezm with re-inforcements. Thing that made that battle unique is that Rus' people understood they can defeat Mongols. Even Putin acknowledged on both sides fought Tatars, Donskoi's army was more Mongol, than that of Mamai's consisted mainly from christian mercenaries.
The number of warriors was most likely max 30-40k from both sides. The field where the Battle of Grunwald (1410) happened was 4 sq km and it could accomodate about 60k warriors. The field where the battle of Kulikovo happened was 2 sq km.
@Orion Lord whole world is to an extent. They own everything. I mean to say this must be a "miracle " or mere coincidence shows how stupid people really are.
During the 229 years of mongol rule, the rus got involved in over 300 conflicts. I remember reading a Northern Rus source talking about why the rus would not adopt the improving armors of the rest of Europe in the 1300's and 1400's (they still used scale for rich heavy infantry and lamellar for rich heavy cavalry, although lamellar was used for both) and it was said that one of the mais reason is because it could not be worn while skiing, which was apparently a must for the winter skirmishes. There are also some images of rus warrior fully dressed in armor, shooting a bow, some even on skiis, both of which can't be done properly with early and even late plate armor. The rus fought so much that they still went on skirmishes during winter and at least some argued for their more and more outdated armors because it was better for winter war and shooting the bow... Using the bow as a secondary weapon for the heavy infantry was alredy a thing before the mongols for the rus, but it became the norm under them. The more they fought the more they adapted and we see SOOOOO much small change in their military, while remaining very recognisable, over that 229 years period, it get insane.
I would love to see many more videos of medieval Eastern Europe and Mongol interaction with their many subjects. I’m not very familiar with this realm of history, and it was really cool to watch this video and learn more about it! (It also helps explain some EU4 stuff if you namsayin)
This reminds me of the battle of Hastings. Tho Dmitri defeated Mamai the Mongol, his men were so bloodied that when the Mongols returned under a stronger, more able Toqtamish, Dmitri was immediately defeated and placed under the Mongol Yoke.
Ambush regiment's charge was unstoppable because there were not ordinary warriors but specially trained monks. Kind of speznaz of that era who were trained and prepared for this battle. Peresvet was one of them.
Since the site of the battle is known, archaeological research has been carried out there. According to them, it was not an epic battle of 100,000-strong armies, it was two heavy cavalry armies of about 5-8,000 each, clashing wall against wall. The mongols really had success on their right flank and there really was an ambush from the rus on their flank - there are most of the finds of weapons there. Also film _The Horde(2012)_ strongly recomended
@@faizshaker2904 turks and Mongols are cousins , they both look alike , Asiatic or oriental, the turks of turkey have mixed with local anatolians like Greeks Kurds Armenian etc that they mostly look caucasian in turkey .
@@pakistanzucks no we turkish are pure turks! Other asian turks fake turks! Mixed with asians! Gengis khan and his children was Caucasians like us turkish warriors!
@@mohicanstar9094 lol no you are not! You are Central Asian and moved into Anatolia! And heavily mixed with local anatolians. There never was any turks in Anatolia , your original homelands are from central Asia.
@@mohicanstar9094 nobody is pure anything , most humans have some mixing , it's impossible to be pure anything, unless you go back to Adam and Eve! Empires came and went leaving their mark on the lands and people, I myself have little bit Mongol or turk in me according to my DNA test, but over 90% I'm afghan or Pashtun , which itself probably has Greek in it !
Would it be easier, when depicting battles with a force consisting on various nationalities (Genoese, Venetian, etc) to maybe have a little circle badge of their then-flag in the corner of the unit box?
10:50 this is a common misconception. Russian armies were still comprised mostly of heavily armored horsemen, while mongol army were mostly equipped by light horse archers. Russians only started to implement nomadic-like light cavalry in the late 15th century. I am referring to a Russian military historian Klim Zhukov. This is also confirmed by archeological findings. You can check this
No matter what happens, we will continue producing videos and providing as much content as we can. Please, do click on our sponsor links - tanks.ly/2GyJK4N, as that will ensure that we will get more sponsorships and produce new videos. Also - we have a podcast on the History of the Mongols, check it out here - www.kingsandgenerals.net/podcast/ apple.co/2QTuMNG bit.ly/2QDF7y0 spoti.fi/2UBmyuO Please follow and comment and rate!
@Kings and Generals just wear a bird mask and you should be okay
ليش ما تترجم
عربي
ليش ماتترجم عربي
قناتك حلوه
To put into perspective the immensity of the Mongolian Empire. In Poland, there is a tomb of a knight with engravings of him fighting a Mongol horseman. A world away, in Japan, in a Samurai’s memorial, there is a painting of him fighting against a Mongol warrior. These are two civilizations who are thousand of miles away and who never knew the existence of each other. Between them, was the vast realm created by Genghis Khan.
@Nobody Jones They did some good things like establishing a postal system or doing censuses, though generally they were a negative influence.
Nobody Jones more rights for women as we can see in both the mongols and the scythians, religious freedom, and cultural tolerance, all of them rare for the time
My dude, in the dense jungles of Vietnam, there are temples built to a Vietnamese general who fought against........you guessed it, Mongol warriors.
@@Lipton3373 polygamy & war-concubines =/= rights for women
@Klaidi Rubiku Roman army was also meritocratic and well-honed E.g. the engineer-soldier-sapplier-porters with cohorts that could act independently without the approval of a ranking superior (unheard/impermissible due to internal control and politics around the rest of the world). It is not something novel imo.
Edit: Also the idea of a pure meritocracy was not feasible not even in the Mongol realms they controlled. There's a reason for that. The more you delegate to 'outsiders' the less you wield in the long-term. Some exceptional people were allowed to hold important posts (but even then always stigmatised and only with benefactor that or coup de tat), but that is something we see everywhere around the world.
"Then came Temur"
I can imagine how horrifying this phrase must've been for the poor souls of the world at that time!!
deeipomar considering my cousin (we’re from Tbilisi, Georgia) is named Temur even now, I can only imagine the impact. The funny part is, my cousin Temuri is a huge and fearsome teddy bear.
@@JoeyDediashvili
Lol XD
Well may you all be safe in these hard times, from the virus and any other harm!!
The Russians thought the apocalypse had arrived. There were three horses, and here comes the fourth horse Death.
deeipomar you too my brother ❤️
@@radziwill7193
Here in Egypt after the fall of Baghdad we too thought the end of time had arrived, I guess the world wasn't just ready for the Mongol carnage. That's why I respect all the leaders who managed to stand firm and rally their peoples to defeat the Mongols, regardless of their identity or religion!!
Dimitri had me worried for a moment. That was the most clutch gamer move I've ever seen.
Proving that patience is a virtue
He played a Ragnar.
Prince Dmitry did not actually lead this army, he was in the Western tradition of that time was on the front line of the battle disguised as a simple soldier and became an infantry order, under the princely banner at the head of the army was his distant relative dressed in his armor, he was eventually killed by the Mongols, since then there was a feudal system, each unit had its own Prince, this is different from all Western armies, where there was a single command, the Russian ambush regiment was also commanded by two nobleman, they were also not directly subordinate to Prince Dmitry, according to the formula vassal of my vassal is not my vassal, that is why all Western armies lost 90% of the time to the Mongols, because all fought separately in their own units, and the generals flew to the attack first, while the Mongol General remained behind the troops mostly on high ground, and led them with banners or messengers. so in the battle participated 100,000 people on each side, with the Russian side 50% died despite winning the battle, Dmitry himself was found unconscious after the battle, but alive., it was not found.
Demitri’s ambush unit got so many bodies on that awesome trap move.
@@michaelweston409 Ragnar is a overrated barbarian. Nikephoros Phokas was a great commander.
Wow, a battle where both sides have competent generals.
@Hernando Malinche there's actually a short (23 minutes long) Soviet animated movie about that battle, called "The Swans of Nepryadva". And yes, this IS a climax of the movie.
I agree, was a nice change. Felt like a chess game.
Yet one will lose. If they are very co,petent, it'll be a draw - both will know to withdraw on time.
İnsane battle, wauw!
@@dairokutenmaohodanobunaga4499 The movie had a great drawing and artistry but the underline themes and propaganda ruined it for me.
4:40 - 5:07 how you got through that without laughing is absolutely astonishing!
4:34 - 4:37 hmmm
😂😂😂
Mostly people says all of the mongol empire was done by Genghis Khan but the truth is that the mongol empire was nearly half of its actual size at the death of Genghis Khan
The real truth is Genghis Khan recruited talented people despite their ethnicity, religion and social status. A real winner is someone who realised their own shortcomings and find other people who can fill in the gaps.
Chinggis Khan did thee most important job. Building the empire. No surprise why he's the most remembered
Gengis khan was pure turkish arab muslims warrior !
@Klaidi Rubiku It was more Batu, Hulagu and Khublai who did the real expansion though. Jebe and Subutai only led reconassiance missions through Eastern Europe, they did not conquer it like Batu and Berke would. Similarly Hulagu was the one who established Mongol Rule from Iraq, Iran and Syria.
@Klaidi Rubiku They overran and defeated armies, but they did not conquer nor annex the territory. When Jebe and Subutai destroyed the Rus armies, they looted the Rus cities, celebrated, then went back home. The Rus were confused, to them these people were alien and it was unclear what they wanted. With that infomration they made the decision later to actually conquer it. It was a recon mission, not a military conquest.
Mongol dyplomat: The most dangerous job in the world.
Golden Order Khans: Allow us to introduce ourselves.
You mean Golden Horde, Order is organization of Cursaders like Teutonic Order.
Agreed a Mongol Diplomats life expectancy wasn't worth much. It's a real surprise many still volunteered knowing they could very likely die. (It's supposed to be a Joke).
@@Random-me6br Both were military organizations, nothing wrong here :)
Нур Эд I meant to say "Orde" but auto correct
@@filiusreticulum2926 Auto-mistake function strikes again
Fun fact: in the Russian language, "Sarai" literally means "shed", "shack".
Hahaha, just an attempt from this folk to humiliate something from the Tatars and Mongols, because Sarai means castle or palace in turkic languages!!!
Fun fact:In Turkic languages Rus ''orus'' means prostitute.
@@YY-ug9mv
To be honest, not orus, but oruspu is the right word for prostitute!!!
There were people who had such a name, like Muhammad-Urus, or Orus, and he was a Khan. Just be calm and honest!!
@@HerrFreierMannEhhmm.. orospu derived from oros meaning russian also in hungarian orosz. Duh.Originaly Ruspi Word derived from persian.
@@YY-ug9mv 🤣🤣
And what is with Urus-Khan respectively Muhammad-Urus(-Orus), what can we understand reading your definition, that there was a man and his name was prostitute. What's wrong with you🤦♂️
Weather and whether, sounds the same, but those words have different meanings.
In fact, you can take my piece of advice, or you can still remain ignorant!!!
It's your choice!!!
What an interesting battle. Both commanders were skilled in the art of war. Both made good choices.
And the better one won. I really enjoyed this video.
Yup
Well, the one that had the extra positional advantage to set up a flank in a head on head battle won.
It seems internal disunity and infighting was what put Russians under Tatar yoke and ironically, same infighting was what made Tatars eventually lose their rule on Russian principalities.
@Orion Lord And if all of europe were united they would have dominated the whole word.
Oh wait they achieved that for centuries without united...
So what's your point ?
This is the problem in those days there was a so-called ladder right, that is, the father was not succeeded by the eldest son, but by his next brother. after middle brother power got a younger brother, and only after the death of his younger brother, the power passed to the eldest son of the deceased first ruler, in the End, instead of one solid state was more than 10 warring small kingdoms. who met the Mongol troops alone and of course lost. If Russia had met the Mongols under a single administration as a whole, and not fragmented, then it would have had more troops than the Mongols . But this did not happen because of the stupid system of ladder law , which gave rise to civil strife.
@@AlexCatable and yet they got their ass kicked in the next invasions and this was the biggest battle between Europe and Mongols and they got destroyed.
@@AlexCatable The next invasions they where defeated by Poland and Hungary but overall the biggest battle between Russia and Mongols was kulikovo doesn't matter if was 100 years later Germanic tribes destroyed the roman empire after 100s of years of fighting.
@@AlexCatable 1280s the moldavans also destroyed an invasion force around 1470.
Most monks: “we are peaceful pacifists”
Russian monk: “hold my beer” *doom music plays*
Well no the saint that blessed saint Dmitry made sure battle was the last option, doom music plays when ya push em 😂
You forgot about "Battle Monks, and Priests"
It should be said that Alexander Peresvet is an extremely rare exception. Most Orthodox Christian monks barely interact with the outside world, and when they do it is mostly through charity or teaching. Peresvet is a Russian Orthodox hero and is of blessed memory, but I don't believe he was ever canonized. A more 'model' Russian monk would be somebody like St. Seraphim of Sarov. However, I would not describe the lives of Orthodox monks as "peaceful." Their seemingly tranquil existence is in reality a vicious struggle against demons and passions. Monks have their own war to fight.
@@wolliveryoutube they truly are fighting the most important war.
*hold my wine
18:51 bruh
This is an example of how to use flanking
very nice! hope to hear more about Tokhtamysh and looking forward to Timur's hopefully several episodes :)
Timur is coming :-)
@Aleksa Petrovic haha, jesam :D
This COVID-19 self isolation is making me insane, but thankful for the videos.
We will get through it together
@@KingsandGenerals Thank you. Hope is all we can cling to. And thanks once again for the videos.
@abes
Not releasing steam is worse
@abes your kind is a rarity these days....would have loved to see your series "porn is mind poison"
This was really satisfying to watch. 18:50 - 19:02
World of Tanks..."the game rewards skillful gameplay"... As a tank falls off a cliff, flips over and starts firing again 😂
the host of the game, in 4 years will be the President of Russia
Its one of the most important battles in history for us, Russians. Thanks for the video.
Why,it didn't achieve anything?Timur is the most important figure in russian history defeating golden horde.
It was valuable psychologically and politically. First time russians have united, first time they have won nomad since mongol came. You can divide Rus principalities as those who were there, and those who wasn`t. Basically russian state and nation was made and dominated by those, who came to the Kulikovo field. And those principalities which wasn`t there aren`t a part RF now.
It was not effective in diplomatic sense, but it planted a seed of a nation.
P.S. Timur was feared as hell there - he was coming and nobody had any means to stop him or at least to buy his mercy. The only thing that was done - religious procession with an icon of Mary. The day when he turned back and didn`t came into russian lands (that were officially loyal to the khanate at the moment) is one of the large orthodox holidays in Russia.
@@sodinc That' s interesting. What's the name of the holiday?
@@YY-ug9mv not really.
@@YY-ug9mv Defeated so much, that his empire was broken and khans continued to fight each other. Timur is not only not so important for Russian history, he's not very important for Mongol history.
I just had back surgery and I have been following your channel forever. Keep up the great work! I’m a history nerd and these videos help me forget about the pain for awhile 👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾
Rus: Did we beat the Mongols?
Toqtamish: Well, yes, but actually no.
italian crossbowmen allied with the mongols fight the russians south of Moscow.
ok
Also some dutch folk got stingy with the silver and the mongols feel the economic strain.
Genovese mercenaries would fight literally anywhere they get paid to.
😁😁😁😁😁😁
If I'm not mistaken, Genoa had territory in the Crimean Peninsula. That would likely be where the mercenaries came from.
"Hey, I'm Italian, if Hitler seems a good option we fight for him, if America seems a good option, we fight with them"
18:40 damn, that was beautiful...
Weather forecast: it's raining daggers over Sarai.
Timur: stop playing kids
Everybody Mongol until Timur arrives
Timur: Amateurs, let me show you how it's REALLY done.
The battle of Kulikovo field will be one of the most important battles in Russian history.
Mamai and Dmitry fight each other
Toqtamish : Hi guys where is my horde?
Wow wow wee
I was a bit confused by the animations at 3:13 but I read about what happened. Yuri was granted the title Grand Prince by Ozbeg Khan and married the Khan's sister Konchaka. Mikhail led his army against Yuri and defeated him, taking his brother and wife as prisoners. However Konchaka died in custody and Yuri accused Mikhail of poisoning her (which historians consider unlikely). The Khan summoned both Princes to Sarai and had Mikhail executed for his sister's murder-
You guys work so hard to bring high quality with the resources available. Great video and thank you.
rest of us: familial love is the most important
mongol : hold our khan title
“Then came temur” words no empire wants to hear
Unless you’re the Ming dynasty that is
@@EstellammaSS ming are lucky
Graff_Zitel no empire could kill him. Only natural causes.
The Ming at the time was very formidable and on home soil was no pushover.
Hülegü Khan I just meant that he died before he could attack the Ming. He would’ve done some damage to them, but wouldn’t have conquered them. Much like what he did to the ottomans and Delhi
Ottoman : we are the most lovable family
Khan's : amateurs
Romans : *Laugh in romans*
@@MASTERMIND-mr6er Amir Taimur
@@MASTERMIND-mr6er That´s right man, Timur is amateur for Roman Superpower hahahaha
British: Bitch please
@@rabe777 Brazilian: hey new king come from Spain and they kill each other in Brazil
"Then came Temur" my Medieval 2 PTSD kicked in haha
As a decendant of the Normans and a guy who plays the Normans in game.
Bring it on Temur.
The Golden Horde gave start not only to Tatars but also to Uzbek, Kazakh, Nogai, Crimean Tatar, Karakalpak and many more as all these nations were descendants of the Golden Horde remnants who moved to other regions.
These episodes keep getting better. Keep up the great work!
Thank you, good sir!
Odakle si
That's amazing how effective a flanking maneuver can be.
These names (Tinibek, Janibek, Berdibek, Nawruz, Toktomush) are still popular among Kyrgyz people.
My surname is Berdibek
@Lars it is not common among mongols.
@Lars so if that's common among Mongols it's possible to you to translate these names?
Actually, modern russian historians consider no more than 10'000 (upper limit) on the Russian side and probably a bit more on the Tatar side (no valid data to calculate properly). It was an outstanding achievement for Russian principalities at this time period to assemble such a bunch of men on the field.
Especially shortly after the plague, which cut down army sizes everywhere for a long time.
The people never fought, but the rulers and their servants fought. And the people paid taxes to anyone who won. Therefore, the really real army was 10,000 warriors. And these figures of 200,000 soldiers are propaganda. To show that the people united and fought with the enemy! But in fact, the peasants didn't care who paid taxes to!! They always paid the Mongols and did not understand why they should not pay now?
@@dievotarnas1039 it was 100k worse mongol defeat in europe.
@@dievotarnas1039 1- Mongol armies didnt have no peasants they were all highly trained 2- they did care who they paid taxes too its def not the same to pay taxes to mongol hordes than to Dimitri
А политика ваших правителей до сих пор такая, не допустить объединения славян. Потому что объеденившись славяне всегда вам козью морду устраивали. Вы до сих пор от этого с кроватей падаете😂
7:39 thank you for adding that soundeffect... that's goddamn gold...
This is great. I've been waiting for a battle of kulikovo video for too long . Thank you for this amazing video
May God have mercy on saint Alexander Peresvet, a true orthodox warrior. 14:54
Would love to see a series on Timur's military campaigns. The guy was possibly the greatest general of the medieval era, even greater than Genghis and Subutai. He defeated several great empires, such as the Golden Horde, the Sultanate of Delhi and the Ottoman Empire.
He was a great Military Commander but a poor Administrator. He was the closest thing in our history to a Mount and Blade Warband character
I just watched this whole series while playing as the golden horde in crusader kings, it was pretty great
Then came temur.... It's sounds like then came the apocalypse....
The dude just liked pyramids of potsherds.
Mongols : 'If your name ends with 'in' its time to get out.'
Putin: 'lmao here I am, looting my own country and lying to the whole world for 20 years'
When every Pretender Rebel gives a monarch with absolutely 0 legitimacy...
“And then came Taimur”
Ah! Those were the days man, days of free love and peace.
Timur*
Strong contender for youtube's best channel in my eyes. Thanks for all these fun history lessons
This feels like the most complicated battle have ever heard off.
"Russians went to Kulikovo field as citizens of various principalities and returned as a united Russian nation" - Lev Gumilev, soviet historian.
Edit: I know reality and history was more complex than that, but every nation and people have their own founding myth.
He is a writer, not a historian.
@@radziwill7193 he is a historian with a talent of writer. That's why other historians who lack this talent hate him and say he is not one of them. Pure jealosy
@@arielmix6877 Historical books are always less popular fantasy ones.
@@radziwill7193 yes but his is not a fantasy
@Klaidi Rubiku "The russians paid tribute to mongols and remained under their subjugation for other centuries." Yes, that is true. However, this battle is concidered as a turnpoint, from which the process of unification of fragmented russian lands had started. People for the first time felt like if they unite and fight together they are able to resist and even defeat mongols. Of course, ther was a still long way to go to get rid of mongol occupation, but it was important from phychological perspective.
The Russians went as a hundred villages,
and returned as one Nation!
I can't imagine having the patience it took to hold that ambush regiment until that very moment.
Great content as usual K&G. Also, the moment at 4:40 made me laugh, ;)) that compilation of assassinations and power grabs.
*Grabs power*
**dies**
*Grabs power*
**dies**
*Grabs power*
**dies**
YYYYEEEESSSS!!!! I’ve been waiting for this video ever since I discovered this Chanel!!!!!
Interesting to see how the Golden horde fragmented while the Moscow rose.
I hope to see more on the rise and fall of Toktamysh Khan, as well as the career of Jogalia and the house of Gediminas
Ivan III "The Great" that was when it began to really turn around for the Grand duchy of Muscovy, as far as I know!
Yes you are right. Dmitry was Ivan’s grandfather, and it was Dmitry who built the political base from which Ivan was able to build his state.
14th Century Europe: *Exist* The Black Death: It's Free real estate.
Mongols catapulted plague victims into Kiev.
The first use of biological warfare.
It killed appropriately 2/3s of Europe.
Remember that when some lefty says about small pox in the americas which was an accident anyways.
My my, it's amazing how we know these things. Great stuff. Thanks! :D
It seems to me that the Russian did not simple break their line in two, and then got lucky catching the mongols off guard. Instead it looks like they used a Oblique order formation to draw the mongol into a trap and crush the right wing, like the thebes did the Spartans.
18:50 When you are about to win a battle in a Total War game and one simple flanking maneuver of the enemy suddenly routes your entire army.
It seems that in those days Total War also liked)))
That line of death khans looked like some monthy python sketch lol
We don't always spontaneously think of Mongols as Turkish, but yeah. Very cool, K&G, thanks! 👍
There is a distinction, of course, but in some regions, this distinction is extremely marginal.
@@KingsandGenerals Makes me think of the Tuvans who relate culturally to Mongolians but historically and linguistically are clearly associated with the Turkish.
@@22vx yeah, that is the case in southern Russia, Siberia, and Central Asia, too. Many Turkic speaking populations of the mixed Turko-Mongolian ancestry.
Its also Tatar-Rus wars instead of Mongol.
All turkish is turkic but not all of turkic are turkish
World hyperpower Thank you for uploading the video of the Mongol Empire’s conquest of Russia. This video was a great help in learning world history and world war history.
세계최강대국 몽골제국의 러시아 정복사 영상 올려주셔서 감사합니다. 이 영상은 세계사, 전쟁사를 배우는데 큰 힘이 되었습니다.
There is one addition. Dmitry simply did not have the opportunity to pay tribute to Mamai - because Tokhtamysh, supported by the great lame Timur, had gained strength beyond the Volga.
At the same time, Tokhtamysh was a Chingizid, a descendant of Chingis Khan, a legitimate claimant to the throne. Mamai was simply a beklarbek, a usurper of power. According to the hierarchy of the Mongol Empire, Dmitry was higher than Mamai - since one of his ancestors was married to a girl from the Chingisid family (albeit not for long, she died when she was captured by the prince of Tver). Dmitry was the "son-in-law of the Chingisids" - "gurgen".
But this is not even the main thing, the problem was that supporting Mamai, a usurper, was actually a rebellion against the legitimate khan, a descendant of Chingis Khan - Tokhtamysh. Today Dmitry will pay tribute to Mamai, and tomorrow Tokhtamysh will come and ask a polite question - and to whom did you, the Prince of Moscow, give money? To Mamai? And for what? So that he would fight with me? After that, Tokhtamysh's reserve of politeness will run out.
But it is impossible to pay Tokhtamysh - Mamai is closer and demands money.
In the end, Dmitry made a logical decision - not to interfere. Tokhtamysh and Mamai, you yourselves will figure out who is more important, when you decide - we will bring tribute. Maybe. But later.
For Tokhtamysh, this was a good decision temporarily, but for Mamai - no, he urgently needed money for the war. And he tried to force Dmitry to pay him tribute from all of Rus', which ended in defeat on the Kulikovo Field.
After which, from the point of view of Mongolian law, Dmitry was not a criminal, but on the contrary - a hero. He punished the impudent bad usurper, did a favor to the legitimate khan. It was for this reason that most of the Russian princes supported Dmitry in the battle - because they were fighting not against the legitimate ruler, but against some upstart, the usurper Mamai.
But he still did not send tribute. And 2 years later, Tokhtamysh burned Moscow in a stealthy and quick raid. And here the princes did not take risks and help Dmitry - the legitimate ruler had come, and it was scary to oppose him. However, Tokhtamysh also understood that the force was no longer on his side - and he left very quickly when he learned that Dmitry and his cousin Vladimir Serpukhovskoy were gathering an army in the north. Tokhtamysh could not afford a battle with ambiguous prospects, his grip on the throne was too weak. The following year, Dmitry went to Tokhtamysh with a relatively small tribute - and Tokhtamysh accepted him, confirmed Dmitry's rights - because he understood that this was the maximum control he could have now.
But the rest of the Russian principalities after the Battle of Kulikovo suddenly realized that Moscow could now solve their problems. Not only by status or origin from the great Alexander Nevsky, but simply right here and now, by force and power. After this, the process of unification of the Russian principalities around Moscow became almost unstoppable.
Moreover, the Battle of Kulikovo is considered the battle that created the Russian nation. Rus' simply fell apart 50 years before the arrival of the Mongols. There were separate great principalities - Vladimir, Ryazan, Chernigov, Kiev, there were many small vassal principalities - which fought among themselves like dogs from different villages, and almost did not consider themselves as something united.
But having gathered on Kulikovo Field against, probably, the most dangerous army in the world and having won the battle, they suddenly realized what kind of force they represented, united, and what achievements they were capable of.
The great Russian historian Gumilev said that Muscovites, Serpukhovites, Rostovites, Belozersk people, Smolensk people, Muromites, Kievites, Chernigovites, Novgorodians, Belozersk people and many, many others came to Kulikovo Field, and those who left Kulikovo Field were Russians.
You can thank Mongols for Russia being the largest country by land in the world. In their desire for retribution, Russians kept pushing and pushing South and East until they got all the way to Alaska in the East and to the Caspian Sea and Turkey, Iran, and India to the South. They kept sacking one Khanate after another till none were left to conquer (or were by that time conquered by others).
Content of all your videos is always fascinating and fantastic. You and
others like you are ushering in the new wave of how education will be
provided in the future. Schooling will move from the classroom to
"Distance Learning" in the home via the internet and/or TV. I see this
as how education will gradually evolve.
18:40 that must have been a sight to see!!! please make a custom medieval 2 battle map with this sequence of events, it sounds epic!!
Thank you for posting videos in this "time of troubles" where we all need some extra entertainment.
18:37
Dmitry: I'm Gonna Do What's Called a Pro Gamer Move
A very interesting and well documented episode. I really enjoyed it and I congratulate you for the achievement. On the other hand, I have found an important historical escape. In the map presented at 1:46 the Oltenia area (from present-day Romania) is depicted - during the time of Ozbegh Khan (reign 1313 - 1341) - as part of the kingdom of Hungary, when in fact it was part of the Wallachian state. Let us remember that Wallachia was founded and reached the maximum territorial extent under the rule of Basarab the Founder (reign 1310 - 1352). Hungary tried to conquer Wallachia in 1330 but the Hungarian army was crushed by Basarab the Founder at the battle of Posada. The cartographic error is perpetuated throughout the documentary. Couldn't that be repaired? All the best.
I’ve gotta say guys, your music has been amazing the last few videos!
Wow! This battle should be called: How to change history in one cavalry charge.
Love u guys! Thank you for the video! Amazing work!
Funfact in Kazakh Sarai means palace and In Russian Sarai means a Barn
Simply,awesome like always!!💪💪💪
That was a separatist punishment mission, in theory Dmitry Donskoi fought Mamai upon order from Toqtamysh, the real Khan of Golden Horde. He won some time for Toqtamysh to return from Khorezm with re-inforcements. Thing that made that battle unique is that Rus' people understood they can defeat Mongols. Even Putin acknowledged on both sides fought Tatars, Donskoi's army was more Mongol, than that of Mamai's consisted mainly from christian mercenaries.
That was a masterpiece. I 'm so impatient for the next episode!!
The number of warriors was most likely max 30-40k from both sides. The field where the Battle of Grunwald (1410) happened was 4 sq km and it could accomodate about 60k warriors. The field where the battle of Kulikovo happened was 2 sq km.
Your channel is one of my sources of sanity during this quarantine. Thank you for all you do! :)
Timur needs his own video. He was the last steppe conqueror.
Not true, Nader Shah is largely seen as the last major one, and arguably the Ottomans.
@zonda_r2 Nader Shah was after the Dzungars though.
Amazing video KnG as always!
How ironic that Central Asia would become the Tsar’s playground. how times change.
@Orion Lord whole world is to an extent.
They own everything.
I mean to say this must be a "miracle " or mere coincidence shows how stupid people really are.
Found the anti-Semites!
@@mdivmapperandgamer1138 Jews are not semetic lol more like turkic converts.
Oy vey
During the 229 years of mongol rule, the rus got involved in over 300 conflicts. I remember reading a Northern Rus source talking about why the rus would not adopt the improving armors of the rest of Europe in the 1300's and 1400's (they still used scale for rich heavy infantry and lamellar for rich heavy cavalry, although lamellar was used for both) and it was said that one of the mais reason is because it could not be worn while skiing, which was apparently a must for the winter skirmishes. There are also some images of rus warrior fully dressed in armor, shooting a bow, some even on skiis, both of which can't be done properly with early and even late plate armor.
The rus fought so much that they still went on skirmishes during winter and at least some argued for their more and more outdated armors because it was better for winter war and shooting the bow... Using the bow as a secondary weapon for the heavy infantry was alredy a thing before the mongols for the rus, but it became the norm under them. The more they fought the more they adapted and we see SOOOOO much small change in their military, while remaining very recognisable, over that 229 years period, it get insane.
I would love to see many more videos of medieval Eastern Europe and Mongol interaction with their many subjects. I’m not very familiar with this realm of history, and it was really cool to watch this video and learn more about it! (It also helps explain some EU4 stuff if you namsayin)
Finally a battle history about the Russians fighting the Mongols
This reminds me of the battle of Hastings.
Tho Dmitri defeated Mamai the Mongol, his men were so bloodied that when the Mongols returned under a stronger, more able Toqtamish, Dmitri was immediately defeated and placed under the Mongol Yoke.
Ambush regiment's charge was unstoppable because there were not ordinary warriors but specially trained monks. Kind of speznaz of that era who were trained and prepared for this battle. Peresvet was one of them.
Do they have a name?
4:50 This is just a side not, but the Aral Sea looked very different in the middle ages. It only shrunk to the shape shown on the map in the 1980s.
As always, a great account and insight into the battles presented on your channel.
Since the site of the battle is known, archaeological research has been carried out there.
According to them, it was not an epic battle of 100,000-strong armies, it was two heavy cavalry armies of about 5-8,000 each, clashing wall against wall. The mongols really had success on their right flank and there really was an ambush from the rus on their flank - there are most of the finds of weapons there.
Also film _The Horde(2012)_ strongly recomended
Your work deserves greetings and respect. Thank you.
Fun fact : Today's Uzbek people get their name from Özbek Khan.
But his realm was far away from Uzbekistan!! Again he was a Mongol and Uzbeks are turkic!
@@faizshaker2904 turks and Mongols are cousins , they both look alike , Asiatic or oriental, the turks of turkey have mixed with local anatolians like Greeks Kurds Armenian etc that they mostly look caucasian in turkey .
@@pakistanzucks no we turkish are pure turks! Other asian turks fake turks! Mixed with asians! Gengis khan and his children was Caucasians like us turkish warriors!
@@mohicanstar9094 lol no you are not! You are Central Asian and moved into Anatolia! And heavily mixed with local anatolians. There never was any turks in Anatolia , your original homelands are from central Asia.
@@mohicanstar9094 nobody is pure anything , most humans have some mixing , it's impossible to be pure anything, unless you go back to Adam and Eve! Empires came and went leaving their mark on the lands and people, I myself have little bit Mongol or turk in me according to my DNA test, but over 90% I'm afghan or Pashtun , which itself probably has Greek in it !
Definitely the earliest I've been for one of these
Would it be easier, when depicting battles with a force consisting on various nationalities (Genoese, Venetian, etc) to maybe have a little circle badge of their then-flag in the corner of the unit box?
Fuck, ive been waiting forever for another Mongol video!!! Love your work.
Saint Dmitry Donskoy, a hero and true warrior fighting for his people's freedom
10:50 this is a common misconception. Russian armies were still comprised mostly of heavily armored horsemen, while mongol army were mostly equipped by light horse archers. Russians only started to implement nomadic-like light cavalry in the late 15th century. I am referring to a Russian military historian Klim Zhukov. This is also confirmed by archeological findings. You can check this
@4:40 - that was a proper Game of Thrones moment right there.
Imma history JUNKIE... love your videos family, keep em coming!!!!
What an incredible battle.
Dimitri @18:38 :" I'm going to do what's called a pro-gamer move."