The different TYPES of IMPELLERS - radial - centrifugal - backward - axial - propeller - shrouded

0:00 impeller
0:28 radial flow impeller
1:07 impeller with straight radial blades
1:23 backward curved blades impeller
1:38 forward curved blades impeller
1:48 axial flow impeller
2:15 mixed flow impeller
2:43 open impeller
2:56 semi-closed impeller
3:08 shrouded impeller
3:30 industrial applications
3:57 catalog Jaes
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The impeller is a key component in many devices and machinery involving the movement of fluids (which can be liquid or aeriform), such as pumps, fans, and turbines. There are different types of impellers, each designed to suit specific flow, pressure and application requirements. Let's look at the main types of impellers:
Radial flow impeller: The radial impeller, also called the centrifugal impeller, is the most common impeller and has a simple design. The impeller blades lie radially to the axis of rotation. This type of impeller generates a centrifugal force which pushes the fluid in a direction that is perpendicular to the axis of the impeller. It is effective for generating a high pressure level flow in proportion to the flow rate.
Radial-flow impellers are used in industrial pumps and industrial fans as well as many other devices.
Their blades can be shaped in 3 ways: radial blades, backward curved or forward curved.
In the impellers with straight blades, also called radial-bladed impellers, the blades extend from the central hub outward, without bends or angles. This design, stronger than the others, has many advantages, including the capacity of letting in fluid from the back or the front indistinctly
Backward curved or negative blades, unlike straight blades, are inclined in the opposite direction of fluid movement, that is in the opposite direction to the impeller rotation’s movement. This design prevents cavitation and results in low flow and high pressure.
On the contrary, forward curved or positive blades have the curvature in the same direction as the fluid movement, in other words, they follow the direction of impeller rotation, which results in high flow rate.
Axial flow impeller: The axial impeller, also called propeller, is characterized by blades which lie parallel to the axis of rotation. This type of impeller pushes fluid in a direction parallel to the axis, generating high flow rate and low pressure flow. It is widely used in axial compressors and gas and steam turbines, where it puts several stages of rotors and stators in succession to multiply the pressure.
Mixed flow impeller: The mixed-flow impeller combines features of both radial and axial-flow impellers. The blades are arranged so that the flow has an angle greater than 45°. This configuration provides a compromise between flow and pressure, making it suitable for water applications mainly.
Radial flow impeller and Mixed flow impeller also have other configurations: they can be
open, semi-closed or closed impeller.
- Now we are looking at an open impeller. Its design allows the fluid to flow more freely, so that it does not remain clogged in case of solids or impurities. They are often used in the mining and wastewater industry.
- The semi-closed impeller, on the other hand, differs from the others in having a closed structure on the rear side of the blades. The partially closed structure helps address the fluid flow more directly and this results in greater efficiency.
- The closed or shrouded impeller, if compared with the others, has a second additional structure in the front part, with an opening for the fluid entry. Thereby, the fluid is channeled through a fully enclosed passage between the blades, which results in a greater efficiency transferring the energy to the fluid and in the creation of a stable flow. They are mainly used in large pumps and in clear waters.
We understood that impellers are a fundamental element within many types of machinery for handling both liquid and gaseous fluids, and their design can vary greatly to suit a wide variety of applications.
Therefore it is essential to consider the specifics of the application, the characteristics of the fluid to be pumped and the operating requirements in order to correctly select the impeller suitable for those specific needs.

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