सारनाथ मंदिर वाराणसी | Sarnath Temple Varanasi | Gautam Buddha | Complete Tour Guide | Vlogs Rahul

सारनाथ मंदिर वाराणसी | Sarnath Temple Varanasi | Gautam Buddha | Complete Tour Guide | Vlogs Rahul
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Sarnath also referred to as Sarangnath Isipatana Rishipattana Migadaya or Mrigadava is a place located 10 kilometres 6.2 miles northeast of Varanasi near the confluence of the Ganges and the Varuna rivers in Uttar Pradesh India
According to Buddhist tradition Sarnath is where circa 528 BCE at 35 years of age Gautama Buddha taught his first sermon after attaining enlightenment at Bodh Gaya It is also traditionally considered as the place where the Buddhist sangha first came into existence as a result of the enlightenment of his first five disciples Kaundinya Assaji Bhaddiya Vappa and Mahanama
According to the Mahaparinibbana Sutta Sutta 16 of the Digha Nikaya the Buddha mentioned Sarnath as one of the four places of pilgrimage his devout followers should visit and look upon with feelings of reverence The other three sites are Lumbini the traditional birthplace of the Buddha Bodh Gaya where Buddhists say the Buddha achieved enlightenment and Kushinagar where Buddhists say the Buddha attained parinirvana
Buddhism flourished in Sarnath during the second urbanisation c 600 200 BCE from the time of the Mahajanapadas through the Nanda and Maurya periods in part because of patronage from kings and wealthy merchants based in Varanasi By the 3rd century CE Sarnath had become an important centre for the Sammatiya school of Buddhism one of the early Buddhist schools as well as for art and architecture
However the presence of images of Heruka and Tara indicate that Vajrayana Buddhism was at a later time also practised here Also images of Hindu gods as Shiva and Brahma were found at the site and a Jain temple was located very close to the Dhamek Stupa
Buddhism further expanded in India during the Gupta 4th to 6th centuries period Faxian was a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled extensively throughout northern India from 400 411 CE In his description of Sarnath he mentioned seeing four large towers and two viharas with monks residing in them
The influence of Buddhism continued to grow during the Later Gupta 6th 8th centuries When Xuanzang visited Sarnath around 640 CE he reported seeing hundreds of small shrines and votive stupas and a vihara some 61 metres 200 feet in height containing a large statue of the Buddha Xuanzang also wrote that There are about 1500 priests here who study the Little Vehicle according to the Sammatiya school In his writings Xuanzang mentioned a pillar constructed by Ashoka near a stupa that marked the location where the Buddha set the wheel of the law in motion
During the Pala 8th 11th centuries period the rulers built new mahaviharas such as Odantapuri Somapura Jagaddala and Vikramashila and patronised existing ones such as Nalanda and Sarnath During this time Buddhist pilgrims and monks from all over Asia travelled to Sarnath to meditate and study The Palas were the last major Buddhist dynasty to rule in the Indian subcontinent They were replaced by the Gahadavala dynasty whose capital was located at Varanasi
Although the Gahadavala kings were Hindu they were tolerant of Buddhism Inscriptions unearthed at Sarnath in the early 20th century indicate that some of the monasteries there enjoyed royal patronage from the Gahadavala rulers For example in a mid 12th century inscription attributed to Queen Kumaradevi consort of King Govindachandra and member of the Pithipati dynasty of Bodh Gaya She takes credit for the construction or restoration of a living quarters for monks
It is widely asserted that the structure referred to in the Kumaradevi inscription is the Dharma Chakra Jina Vihar but the evidence for this is inconclusive Whatever the case it is likely to be among the last structures to be built at Sarnath prior to its destruction in 1194 The inscription excavated at Sarnath in March 1908 is currently maintained at the Sarnath Archeological Museum
सारनाथ मंदिर वाराणसी | #SarnathTempleVaranasi | #GautamBuddha | #CompleteTourGuide | #VlogsRahul
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