Odin in Runes over Time
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- Опубликовано: 14 сен 2023
- From *Wōðnaz to Óðinn, a look at how the name of the god changed over time and in different places and how that was reflected in runic writing in Elder Futhark and Younger Futhark.
Jackson Crawford, Ph.D.: Sharing real expertise in Norse language and myth with people hungry to learn, free of both ivory tower elitism and the agendas of self-appointed gurus. Visit jacksonwcrawford.com/ (includes bio and linked list of all videos).
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Fascinating video as always Dr. Crawford. Another example of how history often gets collapsed in our minds so that things separated by centuries if not millennia seem to all be contemporaneous.
Before the Vindelev bracteate was found, the Nordendorf fibula contained the oldest known runic text referring to Odin. Now there are two findings related to the Proto-Germanic language (possibly Ingveonic) and they confirm each other.
Not new information, and yet new ideas are being formed. I really like how it shows exactly how language changed, being the same language, but so different. Brilliant!
Excellent as always. I'd be fascinated to watch a similar deep dive on the development of other Germanic gods' names over the same period.
Just wanted to note how great the Grimfrost "ads" are--as beautiful as Wyoming!
Boustrophedon! - "As the ox plows"
That word was one of the words that sparked my renewed fascination with philology about 3 years ago. The recurring theme of the ox as the source of power excited me to no end. Oxygen vs Hydrogen vs Hydrargyrum suddenly began to tell their hidden alchemical tale. Aux Hic! Stay gold 💛
Great, as always.
Excellent job as always, Jackson. Thanks so much!
Always a great video, every single one of them. Thank you.
As always, a very insightful video. Thank you very much!!
Ahhhhhhh, I get it now! I just picked on something another Historian was saying about Bind Runes. Thank you Jackson Crawford, love your work!
Riht-on, Dr. Crawford.
Nice video! knowledge plus limits of knowledge, as always. Plus I always like trying to guess where you are.
Thanks, great mini lecture on the name of Odin. I wonder whether the modern German word "Wut" (anger) derives from Wutan.
It probably is. Because in Dutch the word "Woede" means anger. And that is derived from "Woen", which is I think the oldest known spelling for Wodan.
And it comes back in the Dutch word for Wednesday, which is Woensdag.
It's probably the other way around: Wutan derives from Wut. Óðinn is usually said to be derived from óðr (mad, angry). The same would undoubtedly apply to High German.
So Odin in modern German would be something like "Wuten"? (As opposed to Wotan)
Thank you. As someone named Odin I can now sign my name in runes.
It was more than "half interesting" it was really cool :)
Thanks for the vidoes and great books.
In Old English if you take Thegen (thane), for example, its genitive is Thegnes, removing the vowel before the n. I’m surprised the other Germanic languages are different. Good vid again, and thanks for updating us on this.
I wonder if that's similar to the root of the week day Wednesday. Wodnes day - Wodens day.
@@SammiCPC79 I’m not sure, I chose Thegen because it was safe ground. I know the transition to Wens is later than Old English. Ill have a peek into some text books …
@@SammiCPC79 Bosworth and Toller’s dictionary seems to think so but I’m just not confident to give my own opinion. However, saying that -
I found in B-Toller: “Fram ðan Wodne áwóc eall úre cynecynn, and Súðan-Hymbra eác.”
Which means (roughly): “from Woden awoke all our royal family and South of the Humber also.” That shows the (I think) dative case of the name Woden which also knocks out the e before the n.
Apart from a Wodnesdæg (wednesday) I just learnt there is a Wodnes-niht (Woden’s night) which is Tuesday night. Which was nice.
Maybe it's just me, but it would be really helpful if you could include on-screen text cards with the approximate date and location for each spelling as you're discussing them. I usually miss them when they're only spoken, and have to skip back until I find them, which really disrupts the experience. I think because of my neurodivergent traits I tend to be focusing on one detail while the next one goes by without any warning, but I may not be alone in this.
You are the man
On Swedish, Finnish, Danish and Norwegian keyboard layouts ð is on "alt-gr+d", Ð is on "alt-gr+shift+d", þ is on "alt-gr+t", and Þ is on "alt-gr+shift+t".
Additionally, on Swedish and Finnish keyboard layouts æ is on "alt-gr+ä", Æ is on "alt-gr+shift+ä", ø is on "alt-gr-ö", and Ø is on "alt-gr+shift+ö" (Danish and Norwegian has dedicated keys for æ and ø).
That makes ǫ / Ǫ the only Old Norse letter that is hard to type with a Scandinavian keyboard layout, but you can get it by writing "alt-gr+shift+," followed by "o" / "shift+o".
British English keyboards also have ð on "alt-gr+d", þ on "alt-gr+p", ø on "alt-gr+o", and æ on "alt-gr+a", and you can get ǫ using "alt-gr+shift+=" followed by "o".
Users with an American keyboard layout is out of luck (as American keyboards don't have an "alt-gr" key), unless they enable "International English with dead keys" in their keyboard settings, in which case ð is on "right-alt+d", þ is on "right-alt+t", æ is on "right-alt+z", ø is on "right-alt+l", and ǫ can be had using "right-alt+8" followed by "o".
On Android phones, ð, þ, æ and ø can be had by pressing the d, t, a or o key until a pop-up menu appear, but I can't figure out how to get a ǫ on my phone...
There is a fourth spelling, sort of. In one runic inscription we find the spelling ᚬᚦᛁᚾ (oþin) but then as part of the name ᚬᚦᛁᚾᛏᛁᛋ (oþintis) meaning Odindis, the dís of Odin.
Dumb question for the technologically unintelligent, how did you type in futhark?
@@beautifuldreamer0811 in Unicode, most-all alphabets of the world these days have their own letters that can be displayed in any computer using Unicode, which is most computers in the 21st century. Naturally our physical keyboards are only programmed to generate the letters of your local language, but you can google "x-alphabet keyboard input" for any alphabet in the world and find some website which offers virtual keyboards outputting the alien letters. Or, with slightly more work, you can modify your local OS to actually enable more letters than just your local language. But for most cases just googling an online virtual keyboard should work fine.
@@beautifuldreamer0811either copying rune by rune, or maybe some keyboard addon that allows to change "language" of the keyboard to futhark?
Óðinn is also easy on Android once you add the Icelandic alphabet. Thanks for the tip! Never would have thought of looking
I thought for a second, you were saying that the Icelandic keyboard included the fuþark, and I got very excited. Old Norse greek alphabet is good too though.
Much more than half interesting. At least two halves...
Half interesting? Nah, don’t gimme that bs.😌 I’m sitting here saying “ormr”, “ulfr”, and all the variations of Odin’s name aloud to myself. It’s super interesting. I love seeing how the spelling morphs over times and how English words are related to or came from old Norse.
In most Linux interfaces, ðe "compose key" can be enabled to make symbols. Cmps+d+h = ð, Cmps+t+h = þ, Cmps+a+e = æ. Oðer useful þings include Cmps+o+o = °, Cmps+8+8 = ∞, Cmps+t+m = ™, or Cmp+e+' = é (and many other accents). Very useful key, always makes me happy to make use of ðese two letters :)
I'm a complete amateur when it comes to linguistics but in my humble opinion Wodinaz has more of a Slavic sound than old Norse Odinn. It's my understanding that Germanic languages share a common lineage with Slavic languages but it's interesting to see the resemblance in these old runic inscriptions. It's fascinating to try and imagine the ways in which languages diverge and change through the centuries.
Good sir, I would like to know more about the affinities of the Germanic languages, how they relate to the other branches of the Indo-European family. Also, the substrate hypothesis, is that still a thing?
Hail the All Father!
I see the PIN/PEN merger came in useful for this video
Thank you Dr Crawford. That was interesting to see how the word Odin changed over time. It would be interesting too to learn a little about the culture and what was taking place at each time point you described. This would be a valuable piece of the puzzle as to how and why the languages changed over time. Just a thought.
The U Þ I N was how I always wrote it runically.
Kinda weird in elder futhark times they used a d sign to write eth when clearly the sound is closer to thorn.
🤘
Notice how it is Wodan's day (Wednesday) in English, and not Odin's day.
Ten minutes with one of your videos sweeps aside the dross and gives real information.
I got ðe US-International keyboard layout for my PCs, so þ, ð, æ, etc. are not difficult to type. It's missing o caudata, ðough, and ðe quotation and semiquote buttons becoming combining keys took some getting used to.
If you have enabled "International English with dead keys" ǫ can be had using "right-alt+8" followed by "o".
If you have enabled "International English without dead keys" you are out of luck...
Alu
So would old english "Woden" be "ᚹᛟᛞᛖᚾ" in [fuþorc] runes?
Yes, except I think you would need to use the Oss rune for O
@@nicholasoneal1521 I suspected it would, but I wasn't sure cause I didn't know if the Ō in Wōden would be pronounced and written as ᚩ or ᛟ in runes
its interesting that Z remained in german words but not nordic or english. take the word zerstörer for example (destroyer).
That’s not the original Z though. It represents a ‘ts’ sound that Old High German developed where related languages retain an original ‘t’. Compare German ‘zehn, zu’ English ‘ten, to’ and Dutch ‘teen, toe’. German however does occasionally retain ‘Z’ as ‘r’ eg the -r in wir = English we
Thanks. ❤ I just had a thought about this. Thor - Slavic Perun (per) we all know it. But I jist realised that Wodnaz sound like the name of the second greatest god from Slavic mythology Welez. Why nobody says anything about it? Obviously pagan community would burn me alive for saying that. But seriously that name: Welez (Weles) sounds so not slavic I was always puzzled where iy came from? And what does it mean? Welez is so much like Odin its just can not be a coincidence.
Any comments?
I was just listening to a podcast last week and they were talking about how the two were very similar! I was very surprised! It was the episode Viking Warrior Women/Vikings in Poland by The History of Vikings if you want to check it out.
Óðinn and Volos / Veles' names aren't cognate, albeit they do have a semi _similar_ relationship with their own *Perkʷūnos cognates [Þórr & Perun].
Well any proposition on origin of the name Weles?
@@beautifuldreamer0811 Wow yes it looks like only finding that proof on the old version of the name opened our eyes on this. So interesting. What is the podcast? Thanks.
@@antoninaheath3671 the podcast is The History of Vikings, the episode is called Viking Warrior Women/Vikings in Poland
Enjoyable, informative and interesting as usual. 🩷🇦🇺
Very interesting. So are you now theorising that the reconstructed Proto-Germanic Wothanaz may have been wrong all along, and it was in fact Wothnaz? Would this mean that errors like this would accumulate the further back we go, as we use reconstructed proto-languages to reconstruct older proto-languages like Proto-Indo-European? Meaning the accuracy of Proto-Indo-European could be quite far off the actual language?
Further, if multiple descendent languages can all independently add a medial vowel in the same point in the same word, but there was no vowel in the parent language, does this undermine the certainty of the reconstruction technique? My understanding would be that usually the assumption would be that if all descendant languages share a feature, the assumption would be that that feature existed in the parent language, but in this instance you seem to be saying that is not the case.
I wouldn't read that much into a single unexpected spelling. Like he said, it might've just been a mistake.
@@thatotherted3555 he said “it might” have been a mistake. If so, then all my questions can be ignored. But he also said that he favours it as an accurate spelling. If this is the case, then my questions stand.
But isn't it written Wodnas rather than Woðnas?
Nauthiz and Ansuz look like a horse
This may just be me.... but can you please bring your volume up on future videos? It's not coming in loud enough even with my phone turned up all the way.