Airgunning for Beginners - Ultimate Guide to Hold Over / Under, Windage and Cant

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  • Опубликовано: 28 авг 2024

Комментарии • 223

  • @airgunology
    @airgunology  6 лет назад +2

    Don't forget to join our Facebook group facebook.com/groups/351221505224875/ where you can ask all our members any questions

  • @angowT
    @angowT 3 года назад +6

    This is so helpful. I've been shooting air guns for 50 years. No one taught me anything and only hours of practice got me on target. For the first time ever I can now understand what I've been doing for years. Now I'll be able to do it all much quicker. Thanks.

    • @dmo848
      @dmo848 2 года назад +4

      That's funny. I learned by just shooting also. Nowadays thankfully I have RUclips to teach me. Learned so much from RUclips

  • @ralphtaylor9968
    @ralphtaylor9968 3 года назад +5

    Just taken up air rifles after very many, many years. I found this really helpful, explained in straight forward easy to understand terms. Thanks you Steve for your excellent explanation.

  • @terenceyounification
    @terenceyounification 7 лет назад +4

    I have now watched all of your informative videos for beginners and I found then very easy and uncomplicated to follow Steve.I am just starting out with this new hobby as a retired person and hope that I am going to enjoy this sport.Thank you Steve for putting these videos on here. Good man.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      john smith thank you and I am glad they were helpful to you. Good luck in the new hobby.

  • @petewileen1776
    @petewileen1776 4 года назад +3

    Steve,
    A first class explanation and great use of simple visuals to get the tutorial across. I sat with the laptop running whilst going through the motions with my newly purchased Weihrauch HW100 KT... now I properly understand the principles of hold under and hold over! Thank you buddy!!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  4 года назад

      Excellent the the video has filled its purpose. Glad it helped you and please share.

  • @PeakyBlinder
    @PeakyBlinder 3 года назад +3

    Scope mounts and distance between barrel and scope play a huge part in this also.

  • @johnnyhouston9913
    @johnnyhouston9913 15 дней назад

    Great video Steve 👍👍👍 as a relatively new shooter any help and guidance I can get is much appreciated.. Thanks for the tips and tricks 👌👍✌️

  • @justwillc
    @justwillc Месяц назад

    I now this is a while ago, but the principal doesn't change. It's a cracking easy-to-follow guide 👍🏻

  • @davidwest667
    @davidwest667 5 лет назад +2

    Nice simple explanation, for a beginner (well, returning after 45yrs!!) just what we need - thanks.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Glad it helped and thanks for watching. Please share

  • @LPGexpert
    @LPGexpert 6 лет назад

    One of the best and simplest descriptions of HoldOver, HoldUnder and Cant I've seen. I think HoldOver is pretty straightforward, but people struggle to understand HoldUnder when shooting at shorter distances than the zero point. But this explains it perfectly. Well done, Steve.

  • @steveb5110
    @steveb5110 8 месяцев назад

    The best video and explanation on this subject on RUclips. Thanks a lot!!

  • @Bevieevans8
    @Bevieevans8 5 лет назад +1

    Finally an explanation of hold under and over I actually understand! I’ve spent the last weekend watching RUclips videos on this subject and after watching you Steve, I’ll just practice!. I should’ve watched yours first and saved myself a lot of angst and time!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Excellent, glad it helped. Please share

  • @therattyfire5468
    @therattyfire5468 7 лет назад

    Bloody superb tutorial, some people forget that we all wear "L" plate's at the start., It's great that you take the time to post these vid's and in such a way that is both benificial and constructive to both the beginer and the one's who think they know it all. Thank's Steve....Billy.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      Thanks mate. Everyday is a school day and no one is above learning something extra. I remember how hard it was to learn air rifles and sometimes being scared to ask the silly questions.

  • @krisdabrowski7482
    @krisdabrowski7482 3 года назад

    Absolutely brilliantly explained. It certainly helps any beginner to understand the basic concept of hold over, hold under and cant. Thank you.

  • @tinkmarshino
    @tinkmarshino 4 года назад +1

    Well Steve, speaking as a very experienced rifleman (of 68 years).. I am pleased at how well you did your zeroing and hold over/under/windage videos. This can be very hard for beginners to learn on their own and your explanation was succinct and on point.. well done! Those of us with a lot of experience sometimes forget that not everyone knows the basics.. As a man of many years of experience I want to thank you for picking up my slack in that I forget to teach these things sometimes.. Carry on son!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  4 года назад

      Thank you buddy, much appreciated

    • @tinkmarshino
      @tinkmarshino 4 года назад

      @@airgunology Steve.. I always appreciate folks who pass on what they know to others.. Making it kind of a tradition.. I wish more of us would do that. Carry on brother.. well done!

  • @justinkeegan1832
    @justinkeegan1832 4 года назад

    After many years of shooting air rifles there is always more to learn and be reminded about. Excellent video cheers.

  • @tomdilly
    @tomdilly 6 месяцев назад

    New to air rifles and didn't know any of this. I feel really informed now and cant wait to get started. Great video!!!!

  • @bobbytam7383
    @bobbytam7383 3 года назад

    I had asked a question in your previous tutorial, but I think you have answered in this session. Great teaching. Keep it up.

  • @so2bk
    @so2bk 8 месяцев назад

    The best explanation on you tube so far. Simple and easy to understand.pleas so a video non long range shooting and how to use MOA stuff as well
    Thank you, Steve.

  • @marktaylor7997
    @marktaylor7997 3 года назад

    That was very very good....I’m 60 and been mucking about with air rifles since I was 12...I’ve learned this stuff by experimenting...wish I could show this video to the 12 year old me...thanks 👍👍😀

  • @NICK-jk8uv
    @NICK-jk8uv 3 года назад +1

    As a newbie, i appreciate your time thank you fòr this and definitely give this a go tomorrow

  • @as680783
    @as680783 4 года назад +1

    What a fab channel! I've just invested in my first ever air-rifle. I've not used a weapon for years since firing SLR 7.62, Heckler Cock 22, Lee Enfield 303, GPMG in the forces during the late 1980's. These vids are awesome. Thanks for taking the time. Subbed.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  4 года назад

      Thanks for the sub and watching buddy, enjoy it and join the FB group.

  • @markhomer9718
    @markhomer9718 7 лет назад +1

    bloody fantastic ( dont usually swear ) couldnt have put it better myself " indeed " I couldn't explain it at all ...been shooting for 45 yrs , and all this becomes automatic ... then again ive been able too speak for 56 yrs and would be absolutely talking drivel trying too explain ... a masterclass in explanation ... BLOODY EXCELLENT !!!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      Thanks buddy. I enjoy doing this type of thing :)

  • @dnap1245
    @dnap1245 7 лет назад

    I'm not a beginner but enjoyed watching this Steve. Wished I'd seen this 20 years ago. Keep it up brother

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      :) will try as long as people are subbing and watching

  • @blackbear9326
    @blackbear9326 7 лет назад

    I'm not a beginner mate. But of all the videos I've watched on this very interesting subject, yours is by far the easiest to understand. Well done 👍🏼

  • @michelleleadley8938
    @michelleleadley8938 4 месяца назад

    Great explanation. Easy to understand. Thank you.

  • @bertpolak8592
    @bertpolak8592 4 года назад +1

    Great explaination for a beginner. The beginning of the world of ballistics opens for me! I’ll realise have a lot of practise to do. But with fun. Thnaks Steve

  • @grahamgeorge1130
    @grahamgeorge1130 5 месяцев назад

    Simply explained thank you so much 👍👍👍

  • @basthiankoralalageanurakan7141

    Thanks your explanation because really helpful for beginner.

  • @juntatang759
    @juntatang759 Год назад

    THAT 'S AWESOME ! THANKS AND MORE POWER STEVE .

  • @cappy7676
    @cappy7676 3 года назад

    Thank you for the simplistic delivery. ...the light bulb just went off inside my head

  • @andrewc2633
    @andrewc2633 7 лет назад

    Well done Steve another informative video that people can understand Iv been shooting for years and I still get confused when I see people trying to explain this subject
    Keep up the good work mate

  • @mikestone9129
    @mikestone9129 4 года назад +1

    Very well done. You explained it clearly and anyone should be able to understand. I have a level on every scope and one on the rifles optics rail on some.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  4 года назад

      Awesome and thanks, glad it helped

  • @MrPaolosio
    @MrPaolosio 4 года назад +1

    Fantastic video sir (also referring your zero scope video too in these comments). I am a beginner with a gas ram and this clear instruction has crystallised my understanding of the overarching physics of shooting and practically, it will no doubt help a lot when i can put it in practice. I now realise zeroing my scope at 10m then 25m in a significantly downward sloping garden (cause its all i got) isn't going to help matters! Dam dem slopes lol. Your 'hold over/under' explanation and advice was simple but brilliant. Thanks Steve. Hope you are well. Paul

  • @Halliden88
    @Halliden88 7 лет назад +1

    Explained it brilliantly for a complete beginner like me, love it. Thankyou for your time and sharing :)

  • @lorenray9479
    @lorenray9479 3 года назад +1

    Nice perspectives! Ten meter under, 25 meter on, 35 meter under. Hold over! Nice! Birdy drops. Hard cross wind will also lift or drop pellet according to right hand twist. Right wind pushes pellet right, and pellet drops also, if my old memory serves correctly! Gust pushes me, or gust at target, variables. Experience, practice, memory, it all Matters.

  • @samfisherman8507
    @samfisherman8507 2 года назад

    Thanks Steve for a clear and concise explanation 👍 👏 💓

  • @69cookieboy1
    @69cookieboy1 6 лет назад +1

    Excellent . Easy to follow and very intuitive. And despite stating at the beginning of the video this would be simplistic there always one .... or two. Keep it up

  • @kevinrace446
    @kevinrace446 4 года назад +1

    Great video explains everything as simple as possible, good job 👍

  • @echochambers8418
    @echochambers8418 5 лет назад +1

    I just found your Series Of Videos and find them very informative and Well done.Im new(About a Year)To Air Guns,But not to Firearms.I have an AR15 and Several Handguns(Real Firearms).I got into it for A way to “Scratch the itch” for shooting & Pest Control around my House & Garden.I don’t have the time to get to the Range a lot,So shooting my Air Gun helps retain my Aim,Safety(Handling,Mounting Optics etc)And is Just Fun!!!
    I Never Realized how Realistic these Guns Can be,And So Many Choices.Anyway,Just wanted to say Great Job and these Videos are very Helpful to New Shooters,Teaching what to do and Can help Younger Viewers learn Gun Safety If they decide to Get “Real”Firearms.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Echo, thanks and welcome to the sport. It is very extensive with so much out there to experience.

  • @simonthompson6343
    @simonthompson6343 4 года назад +6

    Hi Steve, a massive Thank You for this newbie series. Really well structured, presented and easy to understand 👍😃

  • @yawash2422
    @yawash2422 3 года назад

    Your channel is so rich with information.. it is really good... it is honest.. nice subject ... good luck

  • @ReBible180
    @ReBible180 4 года назад

    Thank you Allan! I enjoy your very clear, thorough and detailed (and entertaining) videos. Mahalo from Hawaii (The Big Island)

  • @thomasmatthews4766
    @thomasmatthews4766 2 года назад

    Cracking vid this mate...you explaned and demonstrated it very very well...note book and pen is the way foward...and not the calculator....🤣😅🤣 nice one...👍👍👍👊...Tom in Leeds.

  • @JustAnotherDayToday
    @JustAnotherDayToday 6 лет назад +3

    Steve, you answered a question that’s plagued me for some time-and that’s how zoom affects point of impact. I was led to believe that zoom did not have an affect on POI but it does-not many people understand this. So now I have to zero at distance but also include on the range card holdover/under at different magnifications. Thank you!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  6 лет назад

      Awesome and I am glad the video helped. Please check the others and share as much as you can :)

    • @Mizman76
      @Mizman76 5 лет назад +1

      Zoom does NOT affect POI. It affects what you see through your scope is all. Say you have a 3-9 scope. Put your crosshairs at a spot drawn on the target at exactly above the bullseye. Now look at the mil dot below crosshair. It will look MUCH lower on the target than if you crank power up to 9 and hold the crosshairs on that same spot 1"above. At 3 power the mil dot may be on the actual bullseye while at 9 power it my be halfway down the paper or even OFF the paper. The gun will still hit the same place your aimed(POI) you're just actually aiming at a different spot if using mil dots at different magnifications. In as simple terms as possible. At 3 power the first mil dot will be at a (fairly drastically) different spot on the target as that same mil dot is at 9 power. Crosshairs stay the same regardless of the power.

    • @PeakyBlinder
      @PeakyBlinder 3 года назад

      If you use a first focal plane scope it will make no different to the poi, a second focal plane does make a huge difference, as a rule i use second fp and zero at 30 yards on a 10 times mag and don't bother with zoom.

  • @drhugoar45acp
    @drhugoar45acp 2 года назад

    Very good explanation!!!

  • @craigroberts9021
    @craigroberts9021 2 года назад

    Thanks Steve that was very clear and concise. Being a newbie I’m keen to get something down on paper but wasn’t sure how to do it. The apps are a bit daunting but this will get me started.

  • @Kingkhansa
    @Kingkhansa 6 дней назад

    Great work bro ..

  • @juntatang759
    @juntatang759 2 года назад

    Very well said Steve , this video of yours really informative . Lots of thanks , hope more videos like this . Keep safe and God bless.

  • @hamradioshack9066
    @hamradioshack9066 2 года назад +1

    Good work 👏

  • @jmanhuntley
    @jmanhuntley 2 года назад

    useful explanation , many thanks!

  • @Ajajambo
    @Ajajambo 7 лет назад

    I am over the moon I found your Chanel Steve thanks for the tutorials. Keep up the good work

  • @justingreen9262
    @justingreen9262 3 года назад

    Thanks Steve for such a well explained video.
    I am a novice,and has really got me understanding more.
    Thanks again,and I’ve just subscribed.Atb👍🏻

  • @BionicRusty
    @BionicRusty 3 года назад

    Fantastic tutorial.
    Thank you for posting 🙏

  • @andrewjackson4897
    @andrewjackson4897 Год назад

    Really useful video, thanks

  • @mikeruizesparza1514
    @mikeruizesparza1514 5 лет назад +1

    Congrats on your so didactical and practical lessons

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Thank you, i think after looking up the meaning of didactical :)

  • @cajadaj
    @cajadaj 6 месяцев назад +1

    At 3:40, I believe your comment is incorrect. If you need to adjust elevation to raise the point of impact by turning the elevation dial, the horizontal crosshairs inside the turret will actually move down in the turret, not up. The crosshairs will now be low on the target, thus making you raise the gun to bring them back on target.

    • @SC-bg8wf
      @SC-bg8wf 5 месяцев назад

      Yes you are correct. Strange nobody else has noticed this very significant error.

  • @pter7531
    @pter7531 6 лет назад +3

    Very well explained! Thank you very much!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  6 лет назад

      glad you enjoyed, please share for others

  • @bradleywilliamson5668
    @bradleywilliamson5668 4 года назад +1

    Bob on tutorial mate, finally the mists are starting to clear lol.
    Will try this on 60 meters at the range this weekend and see if I can even hit the bale my target will be attached to!!🤪

  • @robmusk2828
    @robmusk2828 3 года назад

    Brilliant. I learnt so much here.

  • @bryanwaters387
    @bryanwaters387 6 лет назад +1

    Very helpful videos,thank you Steve.

  • @wibble1999
    @wibble1999 5 лет назад +1

    superb .... not over the top which could put off new starters (we all started somewhere) but plenty of good stuff to start folk on the right track. plus not just "do this"...but why do you do this... top video !

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад +1

      Thank you, glad I got it just right. Please share

  • @GrahamOrm
    @GrahamOrm 7 лет назад

    Have donated Steve. Thanks for all the superb tuition.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      Received. Many thanks Graham and appreciated. It will be put to good use with the channel.

  • @r2drone227
    @r2drone227 3 года назад +1

    The pellet starts of lower than the dotted line, will cross it twice. Once when it is climbing and once when it is dropping. This is important for a beginner to know.

    • @aannddyychang6162
      @aannddyychang6162 2 года назад +1

      Yeah, don't know why he missed the first zero point. I'm wondering what's the range between first and second zero point.

  • @PeakyBlinder
    @PeakyBlinder 3 года назад

    Very well put together vid, well done.

  • @ericbower2256
    @ericbower2256 11 дней назад

    thank you very much!

  • @Sherlock-py2hh
    @Sherlock-py2hh 7 лет назад +11

    Whilst I admire you for taking the time to make these videos, I think you have forgotten that the pellet must rise from the barrel to the scope line (near zero) then rises further before it falls to your 25 yard zero. It should be 'holdover' for very close shots as well as those past the chosen zero range. 'Holdunder' is only for the targets between the 2 zero points.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад +8

      I understand and knew this, but I wanted to keep the video as simple as possible for the target audience of newcomers to the sport. There is obviously much more physics going on with hold over / under and maybe I will do a more advanced version of the video at a later date. Many thanks for your comments as the more information out there, the better for all.

    • @simonspencer65
      @simonspencer65 2 года назад

      This has baffled me I zeroed at 25,so shooting at a 10 yard target I have to hold under?

    • @Sherlock-py2hh
      @Sherlock-py2hh 2 года назад

      @@simonspencer65 The trajectory will depend on the height of the scope above the barrel and the power of the rifle. I zero both .177 and .22 at 25 yards , .177 near zero is 20 yards and .22 has a near zero at 13 yards (the pellets flies more slowly). Between the 2 zero points the pellet is above the crosshairs.

  • @garybillington2239
    @garybillington2239 7 лет назад

    enjoyable video steve, not too much jargon to prevent you from getting lost and easy to follow.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      Thanks mate, I was trying to keep it simple for beginners.

  • @antonybuckley2645
    @antonybuckley2645 5 лет назад +1

    Good descriptive video. I'm new to scopes and thus has helped.

  • @indaysabel
    @indaysabel 5 лет назад +1

    Very informative and useful. Thanks mate...

  • @usernamemykel
    @usernamemykel 6 лет назад +1

    Absolutely superb.
    Learned, liked and subbed.
    Thank you!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  6 лет назад

      Thank you, more videos in this serious coming soon. Also don't forget to join our FB group facebook.com/groups/351221505224875/

  • @dogmandoug1715
    @dogmandoug1715 5 лет назад +1

    Excellent video, thank you

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад +1

      Thanks please share and join our groups

  • @utkf16
    @utkf16 2 года назад

    Well explained thx and subbed

  • @dadmezz4024
    @dadmezz4024 4 года назад +1

    Very goo explanation. Thank you.

  • @stevemarinos8095
    @stevemarinos8095 5 лет назад +2

    Great simple informative video ....

  • @cozzie4937
    @cozzie4937 5 лет назад +1

    Great video Steve. Thanks very much. Cleared up one or two points I was getting stuck on. Very clear, concise and sometimes funny. This air rifle malarkey is a lot more complicated than I thought. Would you be so kind as to point me in the direction of other videos in your series. Apologies, I'm not on Facebook or Twitter (don't believe in social media!)

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Micky, thanks, try here to my other videos in the playlist - ruclips.net/p/PLMMXONWj4tkzCY7RXo0AzJ0wcUkwK7IZZ

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Don't forget to subscribe and from there you can browse my 100+ videos

    • @cozzie4937
      @cozzie4937 5 лет назад +1

      Already subscribed thanks Steve.

  • @arbralouve
    @arbralouve 5 месяцев назад

    Lovely made. Thanks for your time doing this éducative vidéo. I learned a lot 😊. Would you consider making a beginner video with all the different scopes out there? First person shooting versus all the other... For many of us it is a jungle and it happend to me to buy the wrong optics for specific guns and or spwcific use of a gun...

  • @garyhaden2390
    @garyhaden2390 2 года назад

    Brilliant thank you,

  • @drguy2156
    @drguy2156 7 лет назад

    REALLY useful Steve, learned a lot mate. Thank you for your efforts it is really kind of you.

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      Glad it helped. Make sure you check out the other videos in the series.

    • @drguy2156
      @drguy2156 7 лет назад

      I have watched all of your videos so far mate, love them!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  7 лет назад

      Thanks dude, much appreciated :)

  • @arsenalfootballuk
    @arsenalfootballuk 2 года назад

    Brilliant vids! Thank you 🙏

  • @johnminger9610
    @johnminger9610 3 года назад

    Very nice!

  • @marcdeo9820
    @marcdeo9820 3 года назад +1

    If you’re shouting at say 10 yards you will actually have to hold OVER not under as the pellet is still rising to the top of its trajectory. This is worth clarifying.

  • @4your.837
    @4your.837 4 года назад +1

    Spot on... Thank you very mutch...

  • @shaunevans5876
    @shaunevans5876 4 года назад

    FANTASTIC Steve..
    Im knew to airgunning and this absolutely helped me no end. The diagrams were a great help... i never knew abot CANT and its something I know know i need to work on.
    My scopes are the hawke side winder 30 sr6.... NO MIL DOT.... just a few horizontal and vertical lines nowhere near cross hairs.... ANY ADVICE on how you use them for hold over/under?? I have tried looking on youtube.
    Cheers buddy. 👍👍👍👍

  • @TheParm1990
    @TheParm1990 5 лет назад +1

    Really good video thanks alot

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  5 лет назад

      Awesome, thanks and please share

  • @felgate11
    @felgate11 4 года назад +1

    Atmospheric pressure (sunny & wet days) also has an effect on the pellet's trajectory!!

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  4 года назад

      Yes it does for the more advanced shooter.

  • @nickpanhead7209
    @nickpanhead7209 Год назад

    Nice video, thank you for taking your time out to make this, very helpful, what's a decent scope for an air rifle without braking the bank. Thank you

  • @TCFranklin1
    @TCFranklin1 7 лет назад

    Thank you so much for this & the zeroing tutorial.

  • @SC-bg8wf
    @SC-bg8wf 5 месяцев назад

    At 3:40 you are wrong the crosshairs will move down to meet the actual point of impact.
    You then raise the rifle to aim at the bullseye. You may be getting confused by the turret direction you are turning being marked as UP or similar , this refers to the direction you want the point of impact to be moved. Another person has also made the same comment.

  • @chrislloyd3198
    @chrislloyd3198 Год назад

    If my zero point is at the top of trajectory it is roughly the same holdover if I intersect at the same distance either side. If I am zeroed at 30 yards and aim centre at 10 it shoots low and I have to hold over. If I go to 50 at centre it also shoots low and also requires holdover 👍👍

  • @rerun-hunter3562
    @rerun-hunter3562 2 года назад

    Thank you

  • @cliffordlevinerez3426
    @cliffordlevinerez3426 7 лет назад +1

    👍👍👍 Nice video. Very informative.

  • @amaljithjoy345
    @amaljithjoy345 4 года назад +1

    Nice video

  • @ogregriffiths6069
    @ogregriffiths6069 4 года назад +1

    How about hold over/under when shooting at steep angles i.e. up into a tree?

  • @danielmartin9501
    @danielmartin9501 3 года назад

    Very helpful!

  • @adeelahmed5529
    @adeelahmed5529 3 года назад

    Good man!

  • @kodog81
    @kodog81 4 года назад +1

    Hi Sir, hopefully you can answer this..
    I got my scope zero at 25m, at 40m it takes one dot over, and strangely..at 12m it also takes one dot over. Because looking at your videos, the closer the target..the impact point supposed to be hold under.
    It got me so confused, maybe you can share some lights... Thank you Sir..

  • @trainwon5699
    @trainwon5699 3 года назад

    Steve great job thanks USA

  • @Pinnkong
    @Pinnkong 4 года назад +1

    What about shooting up and shooting down ? Nice video 👍

    • @airgunology
      @airgunology  4 года назад +1

      For another video :) Thanks for watching

  • @hi-tonemichael8030
    @hi-tonemichael8030 4 года назад +1

    Thank you 😊