South Sudan’s Long and Brutal Struggle For Independence (Documentary)
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- Опубликовано: 30 май 2024
- On 9 July 2011 South Sudan held its formal independence ceremony in Juba, an event that marked a departure for Africa. Most African countries became independent on a negotiated “transfer of power” from a colonial authority to a new national elite. South Sudan’s independence came from the directly expressed will of its people.
The journey to independence for the people of South Sudan is a saga of resilience, determination, and unwavering hope. Spanning nearly two centuries, from 1821 to 2011, this path was marked by relentless struggles and profound hardships. Southern Sudanese endured oppressive colonial rule, only to find themselves under the grip of radical Islamic regimes in Khartoum. Despite these challenges, the indomitable spirit of South Sudan’s people remained unbroken.
Their relentless pursuit of freedom and self-determination culminated in the historic independence ceremony on July 9, 2011, in Juba.
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Sources:
The Nimeiri Regime and the Oil Debate, 1980-83
The Sudan: Civil War and Peace-Making, Sara Basha
Martin Meredith, State of Africa After Independence
www.concern.net/news/south-su...
www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/s...
newafricanmagazine.com/7922/
carnegieendowment.org/2019/12...
www.amazon.com/History-South-...
scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/vi...
journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/...
scholarworks.seattleu.edu/cgi...
www.france24.com/en/live-news...
www.theguardian.com/world/gal...
irp.fas.org/world/para/spla.htm
www.britannica.com/place/Sout...
www.encyclopedia.com/referenc...
radiotamazuj.org/en/news/arti...
enoughproject.org/blog/enough...
www.bbc.com/news/world-africa...
video clips:
• Khartoum (Clip)
• Sudanese Chiefs At Buc...
• Queen In Sudan (1965)
• Traveling in old typic...
• Southern Sudanese Rebe...
• Crossroads Sudan - Pro...
• Egypt - Leaders hold o...
• Dr. John Garang interv...
• جون قرنق يتحدث لقواته ...
• President Bokassa of t...
• Maj. General an-Nimeir...
• SYND 1 7 73 REPORT ON ...
• Decades of war: Sudan'...
• Independence for South...
• Southern Sudan Referen... • Southern Sudanese lead...
• Sudan's 22 Year War: T...
• Dinka: The Legendary C... ]
• South Sudan becomes wo...
• President's Reagan's M...
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Music:
Epidemic Sound
RUclips Studio
Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
This channel is so underrated at least they deserves 7 million subscribers
It's a brilliant channel.
Am proud to be South Sudanese 🇸🇸 ❤❤❤
As a Tanzanian I just wish our brothers in South Sudan the best, studied with many in Kenya, they were good friends we just had good friendship between them and Tanzanians
Thank You for teaching us African History 🙏🙏
You are welcome
The piano music in tje background at the start of the video. How do i find it? Please assist@@AfricanBiographics
Im starting to notice that in every African country in that region Northern Muslims are very problematic.
Only the northern?
This channel might be one of my favorite lucky finds on RUclips. Most of these stories lack proper exposure in the west and I enjoy the amount of detail and context you provide. Also the fact there's so much archival footage available (assuming that's what's being used for visuals and not just stock footage) is amazing.
I really appreciate this documentary! I've taught refugees from South Sudan and the Nuba Mountains, and their story is one the world at large refuses to hear.
That being said, I have one issue with your framing of the early history of South Sudan in the early part of the video. I would not say that the ethnic groups of South Sudan existed in "relative harmony". The Nuer Conquest (1820-1890) was one of the largest and most violent episodes of warfare ever recorded between two nomadic/transhumant societies. Over a period of 70 years, the Nuer expanded their territory fourfold, displacing and assimilating their Dinka and Anuak neighbors, often selling captured men to European and Turko-Arabic slavers and taking captured women as wives and concubines. The expansions would almost certainly have continued for even longer had they not been halted in 1890 by the Mahdist War. Omitting this history in a documentary about South Sudan is really surprising, because without this context, you cannot appreciate the deep roots of the modern-day inter-ethnic violence and resentment that often sadly exists between Nuer, Dinka, and Anuak peoples. There's a good book on the conflict, "The Nuer Conquest: The Structure and Development of an Expansionist System", by Raymond C. Kelly (1985), although Kelly discusses the war primarily through the lens of theoretical anthropology and ethnography rather than history and modern African politics.
Thanks for this comment. This is a great channel, but sometimes glosses over the pre-colonial history that gives real context to the dynamics of the modern Era.
Truth is, pre-colonial history is hardly taught in my country and when it is, it's highly summarized (probably the same in other African countries). So outside University's, little is known by African's about their own history...it has lead to a tragic loss of identity, the acceptance of a colonial identity rooted in inferiority.
I've gone on a bit of a rant, but bear with me 😅
Thank you very much. I found this book on google books for free and will read it now.
‘European’ slavers in the Sudan in the mid to late nineteenth century ? I’m afraid that that seems rather improbable. Or simply unlikely. Any verification available on that ? Sound & solid sources ?…
Am happy South Sudan broke away from the Arab North who treated them as sub humans and exploited their mineral resources for their use because they were non Muslims and black. Kudos to South Sudan for fighting for its independence. I couldn't have imagined what would have happened if they were part of Sudan now that they are fighting themselves.
I thought Islam was the religion of peace??
@@mahalallel2012 in practicality it is not! Once you are not in their circles they regard you as an infidel. Please read the Quranic versus in Surah chapter five
@@christychristo7433 You misunderstood my comment. I was mocking the fact that they are not not peaceful, or at least those that control it.
Islam is a peaceful religion, that doesn't mean you can't have problems within because human beings are always greedy and ready to exploit one another.
When you want to understand Islam, you have to go to the source, not by merely looking at the Muslims just as if you want to understand Christianity you must go to the Bible.
All Sudanese people are black 😂
I don't know who North wants to identify as Arabs 😂😂😂
My african people don't want to be african so sad 😢
The narrative explicitly reflects the precise background of the South Sudan and Sudan conflict. Thanks for sharing
You did it again! Congratulations my brother. Salute to the whole Africa! We have to cherish ourselves and realize we as people are the number one resource.
From 1955--2005 it's the longest civil war in history my grandparents born in war fleeing thousands time growing up as refugees almost all our life the impact of the war is still visible and we're still facing the marginalisation left during those turbulent time.
As a South Sudanese i know one day over lasting peace will come to our motherlands
Subtitles in Portuguese please! I Love your channel
Learn English 🙄
This is not just documentary but a historical footages 😢❤❤🇸🇸🇸🇸
I've been watching these docs for about a year or so now and they are fantastic. Very interesting and very well put together and narrated.
Keep up the great work!
What an educational start to my weekend! Keep up the great content!!
Always looking forward to your videos. It has been outstanding to learn over the years about the different histories behind the numerous states that form the African continent on this channel. Cheers!
Keep making these awesome documentaries, Love from South Africa
Wow. Thank you for a wonderful and comprehensive history of Sudan . I am Kenyan American, and I have always wanted to visit Sudan. It appears that the Northerners have had a choke hold on the South for a long time, and I am glad that South Sudan finally liberated themselves from this oppression. The politics of Africa is complicated by foreign interference, and I hope one day Africa can get it right.
Respect and acknowledgement that we are over 3,000 Traditional Ancient Nations, all looking for self determination must be the focus of discussion. We cannot continue under the 54 artificial territories designed in Berlin in 1885. These were designed to benefit Europe no Africa.
Once we give independence to all the Ancient Nations, then we will have solved the issue of power sharing and equal distribution of resources, as each region will be responsible for its own destiny. It is true that others will be wealthier than others, however, we must appreciate that without such acknowledgement of self determination, for all Traditional Nations on the Continent, we cannot sit down and honestly discuss African Unity.
The problem of Sudan is the same problem of Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa , DRC, Ethiopia, Somalia and many others. We have one group actively engaged in dominating another, and that is not sustainable.
It doesn't matter whenever getting independce from northren sudan was good or bad decision. It had to be done, regardless of results. Arab ethnocentrism and Islamic fundamentalism killed Sudan. Nuer, Dinka and other ethnicities are christians and animists. There was no way for Sudan to stay united.
Real shame that independence was immediately followed by a new protracted brutal civil war in South Sudan, but at least that spared them from the entirely separate current brutal civil war in Sudan.
Was looking forward to your next video and this exceeded expectations :)
What a GREAT MATERIAL!!!! My friend, you deserve the best to spread this kind of knowledge! ❤
Thank you....very informative
I love your channel, always telling story with facts...
The independence has never been beneficiary, they immediately started fighting against themselves
I like the insight from this channel
Thanks for another highly detailed and very accurate video of a severely under reported nation.
Quality content!
Thank you
Am a proud Kenyan seeing my brothers liberated at last. Kenya fully participated till the end....that flag resembles Kenya and we love our suddanesse brothers
Powerful African Documentary
In Sudan/Lower Egypt along the Nile the Luo-Shilluk Kingdom under Reth in 639-645AD fought the Turco-Egyptian rulers of Egypt and conducted raids on the Arab north therefore slavery did not advance southward into East Africa .
The Dinka, Luo and Nuer created fierce warrior classes and these conflicts spilled over into modern times with the first Sudan civil war(1955-1971) known as Anyanya I rebellion against Arab North .
Also in South West Ethiopia the Luo-Anywaa/Anuak Kingdom resisted Arab slavery and defeated the British in 1912 in Gambella Ethiopia .
The Nilotic Luo,Dinka,Nuer and other groups in Sudan stopped the Arab advancement and occupation southwards into Sudan .
And in recent times after The Luo of Sudan,The Luo-Jor Chul,Luo-Pari,Luo-Thuri,Luo-Balanda,Luo-Kumam,Luo-Shilluk,Luo-Anuak together with Dinka,Nuer and other groups resisted Egyptian and British rule the same way they had stopped Arab enslavement .
By 1956 Sudan Independence Civil conflict had broken out hence the Anyanya I rebellion from 1955-1972 against the Arab North Sudan . Anyanya II would later follow with 64 ethnic groups in Sudan against the Arab North
@papd35هههع32
God bless black people 🇳🇬
Thank you once again for adding deeper more detailed historical context to African political issues that so many other Western sources overlook.
You are welcome
Thanks for dishing out African history to us,our struggle is written in blood. The black man continues to struggle in his own soil...sad very sad
Why ? Your continent is blessed with more of an abundance of resources than almost anywhere else . Independence was either obtained or simply granted over half a CENTURY ago ! Are Africans also given to playing the same tune as impoverished Arabs, or South Asian Muslims ?..That they still suffer from ‘neo-colonialism’ ?
And the country has known no peace, very unfortunate
What depressing about South Sudan, is that it literally went through a civil war immediately after independence. I know the civil war ended, but the situation is still unstable and unsafe correct?
As of now I have no knowledge of South Sudan’s current state. Does anyone have any info?
A great channel 👏🏿
Do a video on Somaliland - some breaking news is coming in the coming weeks.
As New Generation African, it's unbelievable what happens to our people in past but. Like they say in the end we all become story's let's make our this time a greater than before...
Can someone please tell me where i can find the first segment of background piano music
Much clarity thank you
Thanks for this
God bless my country
A similar history to far away East Timor being taken over by a larger neighbour upon independence.
(time stamp 9:07) The British caused similar problems in Gold Coast/Ghana. At the Achimota conference 1956, they offered post-independence autonomy for Ashanti which was accepted first, and then dishonored by Nkrumah's government after independence 9:30. This ethno-tribal issue has always shadowed and polarized politics in Ghana since then.
I’m glad South Sudan left Sudan and Sudan is now a very dangerous country to live in now
The British are really to blame for setting up the messy division between the north and southern parts of the then Sudan (time stamp 8:44) . Just as they created a mess in Middle East and many other places that they exploited.
There was division before that, British didn’t started it.
African Biographics migh i ask you a question, which country are you from? are you a Kenyan.
❤
Excellent history video. I know it's about South Sudan, but how come you never mentioned Darfur while they are connected.
Stop fighting amongst yourselves and develop your country. God blessed you with abundant oil and gas.
Us South Sudanese 🇸🇸 don’t want to be with those radical Islamist
Thanks for this narrative, this is the real history.
Nice documentary ,I have learned that main cause for the split of the Sudan was north Sudan "afro Arabs " forcing Islam on south Sudanese Christians or people practicing traditional religions , the south Sudanese could not accept this new religion being forced on them which led to war and finally separation from the North Sudan
غير صحيح السودان مسلمين ولا زالوا يتقاتلون السبب هو المصالح الشخصية والثروة والسياسية والكونغو مسيحيين ومع ذلك يتقاتلون كذلك روسيا وأوكرانيا الإعلام الغربي يحاول بث الكراهية والحقد بين الشعوب والدول النامية بقدر ماكانت العبودية منتشرة بين كل الشعوب بسبب الحروب فالمنتصرين بدل قتل الرجال المهزومين ربما يتم الاستفادة منهم في البناء الزراعة أو الرعي أو الخدمة ..... ولكن هذا صار من الماضي لانه كان لا يوجد قانون ولا دول ولا حدود ومع ذلك فإسرائيل اليوم تفعل أكثر بكثير ولا ينتقدها الإعلام الغربي.
We will reunite Sudan but under South Sudan.
My takeaway from this is that Riek Machar exists to screw things up.
😢
American divided Sudan to wraken it in the region. Otherwise, a united Sudan would have been a force to reckon with.
Islam and racism divided sudan
Lol blaming America for anything sudan was a threat to no one Islamic racism is the only thing to blame
And I thought Somalia had it bad …. Sudan is almost in complete nonstop civil war since independence to this day !
When each ethnicity tries to gain power, it will inevitably lead to civil war
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Free for all Government only leave and allow your enemies to govern this holy spiritually nation,,,,,, one Africa one Government
The rich oil country ❤❤❤in east Africa
Sounds similar to nigeria
When the Arabs conquered Egypt in 639 to 649 AD they attempted to advance Southwards into Sudan but were stopped by Nilotic and Nilo-Saharan groups hence slavery did not spread into the interior like in West Africa .
Portuguese managed to capture slaves in Angola and Congo but were unable to spread into the interior where hostile Nilotic groups such as the Dinka, Nuer, Maasai, Turkana, Toposa, Luo, Karamoja existed in North East and East Africa .
The North East and East Africa region was dominated by Nilotic, Nilo-Saharan, Nilo-Cushitic and Cushitic groups before Bantu migrations into the region from Central Africa including the Congo .
Nilotic groups such as the Maasai, Luo, Dinka, Nuer, Nyamanga, Turkana, Karamoja, Toposa etc did not practice slavery and shunned slavery or resisted enslavement and some Nilotic Kingdoms in Sudan/Egypt, Ethiopia and Uganda stopped slavery .
The White Portuguese ,Spanish and English slave traders attempted to enslave the Banyarwanda in the 18th and 19th century but failed . King Rwabugiri IV was the first to come into contact with the white Europeans resisting slavery and preserving Rwanda's borders .
To this Day Rwanda is similar to an ethno-nation state in the continent .
In recent times in 1964 a Uganda Luo-Langi John Gideon Okello staged a revolution in Zanzibar that stopped more than 500 years of Omani Arab Subjugation and enslavement of the black bantu populations .
The Omani Arab Sultan Jamshid Bin Adullah fled Zanzibar after the revolution in January 1964 to the UK and 17,000 arabs died in Zanzibar. Tanzania was then formed from this Unification of Zanzibar and Tanganyika .
@@papd3532
The Luo nilotes also migrated much later than the Bantu from northern Uganda and South Sudan. Some of them like the Masai absorbed cushites like the yaaku people.
@@papd3532
In East Africa the slavers were mostly Arab-Swahili, not Europeans. And by the time Europeans made it in the interior slavery had already been abolished.
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Good afternoon ❤️🇸🇸🦾😇👋
SURELY
MR THIS CHANNEL
DOCUMENTS OF 20th CENTURY EVENTS ON AFRICAN IS IMPORTANT
BUT HOW YOU DESCRIBING IS TESTING ALMOST 2 PROBLEMS
1. MUSLIM DID WRONG THING
2. CLEANING COLONIAL POWER DID WRIGHT THING
I think your country's colonised white man still influences your educational curriculum .
Africa will overcome all oppesser in the name of 🌙 ⭐ 🌈🌈🌈🌈🌈🌈 🌈
This is more than achieving 32trillion Kenya shilling.
Two thousand years taken over even the holy nation identify and wealth still enjoy by imposters
The Nuer were selling Dinka and Anuak men to Europeans and Turku-Arabic while keeping the women for themselves. Even though this sounds like its tribe vs tribe its actually tribal conflict based on foreign influence. And how come the Dinka keep getting stepped on all throughout their history as framed via your comment and this video? Tell me a story or pure tribal wars in Africa that have zero to foreign influence and are significant in damage and amount of people mistreated by near by tribes? I will wait....
This history is dinkawashed..
This was arab led apartheid 😢
The story of South Sudan is about people rejecting to be free servants of God and accepting slavery to every thing else: the stones, the animals, the trees and the dead.
Spoken like a true colonizer.
@@eve3614 God is above the whole thing of colonization and decolonization.
The story of South Sudan is the story of Africans who choose to remain faithful to their Christian beliefs and reject the falsehoods of the north who confuse themselves to be Arabs
@@IdidntplayballNah we didn't choose slavery , we chose freedom your claim of we not choosing to be servants of God is pathetic. We chose not to be slaves to the Arabs who regarded us slaves, If they wanted to convert us then why not do it peacefully be persuasion rather than violence and destruction? Is that how peaceful Islam is?
@@Ididntplayball God also doesn't condone forced conversion, as written in 2:256 and 2:285, and a portion of the latter reads as "They believe in God, His Angels, His Books, and His messengers." Notice that it says Books, plural rather than singular, thus recognizing the Torah and Gospels, as all three have overlap with messengers and prophets, peace be upon them. And God is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
If it was up to the Arab North Sudan they wouldn't be south Sudan and these Arab sudani took a big part of Sudan with the help of their Arab cousins who they are fighting now and identify as Arab and not African
Arab is an ethnic group with different races and nationalities like Hispanic or Jewish . There are white Arab, Mixed Arab and Black Arab . Sudanese are Black Arab and are second class to White Arab like rulers of Saudi Arabia .
African is a race of Black people .
Therefore there are also Afro-Arab like North Sudanese .
@@papd3532 and their origin is Arabia (MIDDLE EAST) WHO INVADED AFRICA OK AND EVEN CALLED THEMSELVES ARAB AND ARE IN THE ARABS LEAGUE AND NOT AFRICAN JUST LIKE NORTH AFRICA
Similar story in Cameroon with southern Cameroon and French speaking Cameroonians
Life in abundance... we are people of abundance... we come from an ancestry that lived in abundance (African continent), which influenced the culture: (thinking and doing) of the peoples, living in this African continent and we developed technologies of peace and quality of life. We were invaded by angry people because they lived in continents of scarcity (Middle East and Europe). Their developed cultures and technologies are warlike: learn, explore and eliminate where they come. They want to transform all learning into tools that could be used in situations of scarcity: learning, exploitation, accumulation for their people and elimination for the original peoples. And this is passed down generations and forced onto other peoples and cultures. While the people of abundance and peace: teach, divide and share. People who come from scarcity take that abundance for themselves and wanted to put people from abundance into scarcity, that is; changing places... Forcing the place of scarcity and the culture of scarcity to exist... Today the world thinks and speaks with the culture (think+do) of the peoples of: (Middle East and Europe: peoples of the logic of scarcity ); peoples who came from places originally of scarcity. We have to reverse this logic between us. Abandon the logic of scarcity and the technologies of war: invade, exploit, accumulate and eliminate the other or the other among us; and share what we have and develop technologies of peace, love and exchange between us. Decolonize and decontaminate this logic of scarcity. It was 500 years of this nefarious contamination. So let's make ours and ours aware together with actions and this explanation; because we are all operating in the logic of taking down our men and women for a long time. It is necessary to explain that we did not come from that, we were colonized and contaminated with that. This is the poison we drink every day, we have to break this logic and become positive agents in the lives of black people. Playing a positive part in the history of the black people we touch. And practice abundance among us...