Nick Barksdale founded this channel. He died in 2020 I think... a young man with a young family. A terrible tragedy and loss, to many. It's deeply comforting to see the channel carry on his work so well. There's a memorial video to him on the channel, if you want to know more.
What a boon to Western archaeology the fall of the Iron Curtain has been. It’s taken nearly three decades, but we are finally able to learn from the terrific work of a century of Soviet-bloc archaeological studies. When I was young, say in the 80s and 90s (my 20s and 30s) very little about Eastern Europe’s archeology was known. It wasn’t just the language barrier, Western archaeologists had little access to these countries, or their reports, for a century. Their discoveries have reshaped, and greatly expanded, our knowledge of early humans in Eurasia.
Not really, this site, and everything i ex yu has been accessible all tge time, it was the free side of the iron curtain, and from neolithic era, only really important was romania, but it was known, arecheology is not nuclear science to be protected at all costs, we learnt more from turkey in later years, but turkey was in nato all the time, just wasn't excavated too much, or to put it differently, too many sites to exvavaye them all at once. We've found a neolithic road at least 6000 yeara old under the sea at one of our bigger islands, that's huge, because before rome you usually don't find roads in the world, it will come to attention at some point for certain, but you can't phisically cover all the sites in any mediterranean country, on land and under the sea, you register them, dig a bit if you can, burry it back and cover, and let it wait its turn, my nephew is now 2nd year student of archeology, all his student jobs are digs for private companies, usually building companies that whenever they start digging for foundations they uncover something and have to process it, pay for a big part of it, if they want it done in some manageable time.
Unfortunately, it's still true. It's impossible to reconstruct the full history of Old Europe without including Ukraine into it, where the mammoth bone houses and mammoth bone musical instrument are found intact, where the Soviets destroyed thousands of artifacts from Dnieper hydro electric plant area back in 30s, and some part of those artifacts was stolen by the Nazis during WWII from Ukrainian museums and now lost forever. And again, the russians blew up the Dnieper hydro plant this year, killing thousands civilians and causing biggest ecocide in Europe on which the world prefer not to talk about. The unique and never deeply researched neither by soviets, not independent Ukrainians archeological site Kamyana Mohyla (google it) is on war occupied territory now, and no one knows what happened, or may happen to that site which holds writing artifacts from different eras throughout millenniums of human history. I hope all this will change eventually.
@@vilnaukrana3891 mammoth bone tents and mammoth bone instruments have nothing to do with Old Europe, which is Neolithic and Chalcolithic, whereas what you're talking about is Paleolithic.
at 33:57 the village Divostin (and Draca which is few km from Divostin) in Serbia, there are multiple farm fields where the farmers are growing stuff, and when they prepare for the planting, you can walk there and see all the Vinca artifacts across the fields, you literary can walk there and pick up a stone axe which is a few thousand years old, the issue is that there is so much of the stuff there that they can't pick up all of it xD you have to imagine how that civilization was big at that time, and this is just one of many sights of Vinca in Serbia.
The masterful nature of this film is a great tribute to Nick. I enjoyed the pace of the narration which made a lot of information easy to absorb. Life is short. Looking at this wonderful work with commentary on generations that lived and passed creates a sensitivity to our human spirit and collective experience.
Wonderful. Even indicates more and more how incredible Göbekli Tepe and the other Tepes are. Whoever constructed those sites were leaps and bounds ahead of all other human endeavours yet known to us.
I thunk the more we dig the more we will find localized societies popping up and becoming more advnaced only for histpry to make them history, and another group somewhere else pops up. I think settled hunter gathering was far more commom then they suspect. If anything seasonal villages etc. We need to look below the ocean the coastal ruims would provide us alot more info since they naturally would have lived as close to the coast as possible.
@@SamtheIrishexanI agree, but I think those Anatolian sites are really important as the first major civilization after the younger dryas flooding. But there are several sites only SLIGHTLY younger that are very impressive as well. I wouldn’t necessarily call the Tepe builders leaps and bounds ahead of all other builders of their time.
What's with the obsession with gobekli tepe that people have? What about it makes it more impressive than something like Stonehenge phase 2, Skara Brae or Silbury Hill? Yes those all came thousands of years later, but those were still built in the Neolithic so they didn't have things like wheels, horses or metals. Plus the 3 examples I mentioned were built in places that couldn't sustain high population densities
This was an absolute gem, very well done massive topic covered with All the subject matter one could wonder about hit I’m sure Nick would be very proud god rest his soul.
Isotopic analysis on teeth is also mind blowing. Being able to tell where someone grew up is so cool. Archeology is a science now, there's a lot more to it than digging for relics.
Great, thank you, it’s such an interesting period of human pre-history. I don’t think the early archaeologists were especially interested in this period, and would have walked right past remains of ancient wooden or mud-brick settlements. They were only one step removed from treasure-hunters, who wanted to find works of art, great stone-built cities, and above all, gold treasure. Archaeology didn’t really become a science until the very late 19th or early 20th C, it was more like adventuring.
17:37 I am watching this from the middle of Turtle Island, on top of the karst "island" where the glaciers did not come. The Ho Chunk, who have remembered the stories, call it the Refuge. Once prairie savannah, managed by humans and bison , beaver and wolf, etc, diverse beyond imagination. My ancestors came here from what was becoming northern Germany, where they lived with cattle, sheep , swine, horses cut down the trees, killed the living soil and created deserts. We brought that land use pattern here, as settler colonists. I am grateful to find this video and hope others are carrying on this research.
In Paris, in 2002, during the excavations for Parc Bercy, a human settlement attested to by 6 long, dug-out canoes perfectly preserved in peat mud, dating from 6500 years ago. You can see them preserved in the Musée Carnivale in the Marais, Paris. Fun fact, the symbol of the city of Paris is a boat and the name comes from the pre-Romain inhabitants, the Parisii - ‘The boat people.’
Lipinsky Vir was actually moved, up the bank about 100 meters to preserve it. They don't really tell you that clearly when you are there, but the stones were labeled and moved to protect them from raising waters from a new Dam. Source: I've been there.
Romania - Cucuteni culture..7500 years. Is a Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BC) of Eastern Europe . Cucuteni civilisation - 5500 - 2750 BC...Older than the Mesopotamian. Cucuteni culture represents the peak of Neolithic culture in Europe (5,000-3,500 BC). Six to seven thousand years ago, the Cucutenians had upstairs houses and high-rise houses on their pillars, their communities lived in settlements of up to 20,000 houses planimetrically arranged. ..in Iași city museum .In Moldova county , Romania.
Where I live on the banks of the river humber in the last 40 years there's been easily a 2/3 ft rise in sealevel at high water but the low water mark has remained the same.
Recent DNA analysis has shown that the discovery of artifacts attributed to a specific group in a new location does not necessarily indicate the introduction of the people of that group entering the area, only that their influence had an impact.
Amazing video but im not sure i understand the connection of the younger dryas. Are you saying that it contributed to the creation of these cultures opposed to the destruction? I thought the younger dryas impact predated these cultures? Wouldn’t it have been more around the end of the epigravettian period than old europe?
If anyone wants to learn more I strongly recommend reading Stephen Shennan's: "The First Farmers of Europe" It's relatively up to date because it was published right after the aDNA revolution. It's probably the best book on Neolithic Europe
Old Europe - The history of Europe . Old Europe is a term coined by the Lithuanian - American archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic and Copper Age culture or civilization in Southeast Europe, centered in the Lower Danube Valley. Carpathians (Romania) and Balkans. Old Europe is also referred to in some literature as the Danube civilization. 6000-3500 BC . Her studies looked for civilizations of the millennium V-8000 years. She asked France, Germany, England, Spain, Italy, Austria from western Europe if they have such vestiges. There was no answer. Only in the Carpathian space-Romania and the Balkans. In Romania hundreds of vestiges, superb civilizations of 7000-8000 years. In the rest of Europe, there was no population, she concluded . She called this area inhabited since the Neolithic the "Heart of Europe". Marija Gimbutas professor of archaeology at UCLA- California and internationally renowned for her study of the arrival of the Proto-Indo-European languages and culture in Europe .
4:50 it seems that you're suggesting the Anasazi existed as a cultural group 11,000 years ago. That would not be a correct statement. The Anasazi roots are in various Archaic peoples and didn't develop until the introduction of domesticated corn a little over 2,000 years ago.
"Neolithic cultures in Romania , preceded with a couple hundred years, all human settlements in Sumer and ancient Egypt. / Neolithic Culture in Romania: Starcevo Criș -(9000years -6500 BC) Vinca - 5000-3000 BC Tisa-eneolithic Vădastra - paleolitic superior Boian- 5000 BC Hamangia - 4000 BC Eneolithic: Cucuteni -5500-2750 Sălcuța -Late Eneolithic Petrești Turdaș - 5000 BC Schela Cladovei-Lepenski culture -9000 years (7000 years BC) - The cultures of Cucuteni, Gumelnita, Vadastra, Hamangia and others, over 7500 years old, have many and beautiful archaeological artifacts. Especially the splendid ceramics. Search for.
Likely the only place researched so far and more research is needed elsewhere, but this does tie into the (very criticized) theory of a Younger Dryas impact. Have no idea if the alternative of an "airburst" meteorite would salvage the theory, but the idea of an "true" impact seems to have no coherent evidence: ruclips.net/video/a9FPKWI97Ps/видео.htmlsi=h5ZSM8Ee5_n76KqS
It's a bit confusing because of the mix of Mesolithic and Neolithic. Dwellings made 12, 000 years ago are not Neolithic but made by Mesolithic hunter gatherers. I agree the Neolithic farmers came from Anatolia but they weren't as identical as indicated. Italian Neolithic farmers had ancestry from Mesopotamia and Western Iran, and they absorbed less WHG. The Neolithic ancestry in Northern Europeans is Globular Pottery farmers who had high WHG ancestry, the the Steppe Herders mixed with those people. In the South, Steppe ancestry came from Bell Beakers. I have never seen Maria Gimbutas as a young woman. Oh that sculpture of a large sleeping woman is from a Neolithic site in Malta. It's quite small.
14: 45 Says 33.000 years culture with pottery. Is that so or a typo?? Pottery was not a thing back then as far as I know. If dates for pottery had been pushed back 25.000 years it would be a very remarkable feat that you should stress greatly, don’t you think?
Dude, you tried so much to avoid saying Romania when describing the geografical area of this culture, that you even used the name of a country that has not existed for more than 100 years and was never on the banks of Danube 🙄. Romania has a rich archaeological pool of proofs for this culture. You can say its name. We promise that we do not send the vampires to suck your blood if you mention our name.
Whatever the carostia wete trading in to get their containers spread so far ???? The impressed wear doesnt really look that impressive compared to other containers available so it must be the contents of the wares that were so prized.
@@EvilSmonker So funny you should say that: I did the Balkans last summer! I still need to pay respect to Kosovo and North Macedonia. I heard about a Neolithic site on the Bulgarian Black Sea, so I should make it in one trip. This summer is Canada coast-to-coast and next year is all of Turkey!
@@drgordo112 As a Bulgarian I can assure you there is an abundance of archeological sites here. I assume you’re referring to the site known as “Solnitsata” which is rather large dating back nearly 7000 years; definitely worth seeing. I don’t know much about Canada personally from a historical perspective but Turkey is also packed with sites; have fun!
Neolithic Europe . Ancient peoples. The Dacians The ancestors of the Romanians. The Dacian people were an ancient agrarian society that lived in the region of Dacia, which is roughly in present-day Romania. This group was also called Getae, leading some to refer to both as Getae-Dacians. The Dacians spoke a Vulgar Latin language. They fell under Roman rule in 106 AD, after Emperor Trajan conquered part of Dacia. Paleogenetic tests show that the current Romanians are the descendants of the Dacians, but also of all the populations that have inhabited these territories since prehistoric times. Over 6000 years. Paleogenetics 2012- Germany. The Kingdom of DACIA. .Under the Dacian- Getae king Burebista, the Dacian state reached its greatest extent, its limits being, according to Strabo, in the N, in the Forest Carpathians, in the W, in the Middle Danube and present-day Slovakia, in the S in the Haemus Mountains (Balkans) and in the E at the mouths of the Bug and the Black Sea. Under the Dacian Kingdom of the King Decebalus - It restores the unity of the Dacian state, on a smaller territory than the state of Burebista, but more centralized and stronger. The wars with the Romans begin. 101-102 and 105-106 AD. Romania is the ancient Dacia.
A lot of untruths are spread in this video. Lepenski Vir dates back to 10,000 BC and not 6,000 as you said. After Lepenski Vir, the continuation of that culture is Vinca 8,000 BC. Vinca - Kukuteni - Tripole are one and the same civilization. In Lepenski Vir there was a Virbukvar (alphabet), where one of the signs was the so-called Star of David. Vinca is much richer with letters and signs. 24 letters of the Vinča alphabet are in the Serbian alphabet - Cyrillic. The Lepen alphabet and the Vincan alphabet together provided the basis for the Latin alphabet as well. Vincan is identical to Etruscan with the note that the Etruscans called themselves Rasani, and another name for Serbs is Rasi or Rasani. The straight-armed (space) cross with four C's carved on the figurine of the Mother Goddess is the coat of arms of Serbia, which originates from prehistoric times and not from Byzantium as false history wants to portray. Byzantium never existed, but the Eastern Roman Empire. 17 Roman emperors were born in Serbia and have partial origins from Serbs... Don't think that we don't know our true history, of course we do, and the archaeological and other evidence we have demolishes the false history that is being marketed. And it is false not only in relation to us Serbs, but in general in the whole world...p.s. Just one more note, in Javanica (near Gornji Milanovac) in Serbia, archeological artifacts were found with letters estimated to be 160,000 years old. After it was announced, foreign archaeologists immediately rushed to Serbia. The excavations were stopped, but luckily the artifacts were not stolen, as is the case with many Vincans artifacts that are sold at auctions in Western countries today...
Cyrillic is a fusion of Greek & Old Bulgarian my Serb brother. Serbia has a great history all its own, no need to fabricate history like the Africans do.
@@EvilSmonker Don't make me laugh please. No Cyril and Methodius created the Serbian alphabet. We are the indigenous people here, and our alphabet is identical to that of Vince. Anyone can check it by looking at the comparison table. As for you Bulgarians, you are a mixture of Serbs and an Asian tribe. It is the same with the Greeks. Greece was full of Serbian toponyms, and some have remained even today. There's a map to prove it. We have evidence for everything and much more than the ones I mentioned... As for Africans, blacks were highly developed in the past. There is evidence for that too. One of the most obvious examples is the Nubians as pharaohs in Egypt. And when I mention Egypt, Lake Serbonis in lower Egypt (Greek: Σερβυνιδοζ Λιμνη) is the former one, mentioned in their writings by Herodotus and Diodorus of Sicily and others, which dried up over time and turned into a bog. Then the term SINAI, which is used only since the advent of Christianity, and earlier that mountain was called SERBAL, as it is today in non-Jewish languages, and there is a hill Nebo (Serbian word for sky) near Serbal... Not to mention further, in there are 350,000 Serbian toponyms in the world...
@@vesnavasanta8417 My point in comparing you to the Africans is not to say you have no history, but that like them, fabricating all this history you are discrediting the real history that you have and making it so that no one acknowledges the actual contributions you made; instead lumping it into the fantastical claims you believe without real evidence. I understand you’re proud to be Serbian but to believe that all of civilization was some sort of unified Serbian empire during pre history is not only ridiculous but practically impossible. I’m sorry if I’ve offended, and I may be proven wrong with sufficient evidence however I do not believe said evidence exists in a cohesive form yet and even if it did, I doubt it would connect to modern Serbia in a form that would be fair to call them “Serbian”.
@@EvilSmonker I repeat that there is evidence for everything I said. I am not interested in your opinion, nor do I intend to continue wasting my time with the ignorant and malicious...
You mean :carpinus betulus? I don't know many English treenames. In Europe we have many languages. It is better to use the scientific name of an organism. I know these trees. I planted them myself. In Dutch we call them 'haagbeuk'.
Very interesting interpretation of the Ice Age & History of Civilizations! Yet totally without the facts; [that the last, "Snowball Earth": was 460,000 years ago, & Glacerial retreat, as well as Sea Water rise is only gradually rising; [proportionally]: since then; [a Megadisaster]; (obviously); [sent Sea Levels up]; to Cover Megolithic Megablock Structures, before this, (there was, an ever so slowly rise & fall of the Oceans)! Survivors: (of this Metorific disaster); only show up as you mention: (100,000's of years later)!
@@Conan776 Yes, like the end of the Dinosaurs, a Metorific ☄️event that was Worldwide, & had created a Tsunamis 🌊that disrupted the 1000 TON Megolithic🪨 Megablock Structures🗿 that incompassed the Earth!🌎
The Old European hydronym is not really Indo-European though. There isn't even an 'el-' or 'ol-' root that truly exists, its just postulated to be a very early PIE root that got lost in history. Nevermind that there is too much a-vocalism among the hydronym words, were all river names necessarily feminine?
So want events ended "thousands of years" of "matriarchal" utopia? What a silly thing to say without explanation except "climate". The sad decline of academic thought.
proliferation of city-states, militarization and the need to ensure offspring was theirs while away at war lead to patriarchal societal domination as well as war going hand in hand with sexual slavery leading to cultural misogyny is the nutshell. check out the book a history of the goddess from the ice age to the bible by edward dodge as well as a fantastic article on jstor (which allows u to view articles free with an account) called state-formation in sumer and the subjugation of women (google will lead you to it)
And the place of God's first creation where it is here in this "study". What is the purpose of a foreign researcher from these places, other than to mislead people and manipulate their ignorance by presenting data selected according to interest. It is well known that civilizations began to develop at the mouths of a large river, in our case Okeanos Potamos (from Geti) or Istru (from the Greeks) or Danubius (from the Romans with reference to "Nubian" the collector of black - dark) with its source in the Black Forest Mountains and its discharge into the Black Sea. Of ourse, the DNA study does not present the genome of the majority of the population of a country that lives right at the mouth of the Danube (see the human skeleton discovered in the Cave of Bones with an age of 37,000 - 42,000 years, which is not in Serbia). Also, the images of the archaeological figurines are in disagreement with the reading of the text due to the non-specification of the place of discovery. A country is recognized by the language spoken, and the Slavs (Serbs), Turks (Hungarians), Germanic tribes (Germans) are all languages that appeared much later, because all these peoples above are formed by migrants from Asia (the first two) who arrived much later in these territories. Therefore, at those times presented in the study, another language was spoken in those places.
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
Nick lives on in all our hearts 💕
I am glad they have continued his legacy.
He saved me in '20
What happened?
yes who is Nick and what happened? new viewer I am!
Nick Barksdale founded this channel. He died in 2020 I think... a young man with a young family. A terrible tragedy and loss, to many. It's deeply comforting to see the channel carry on his work so well.
There's a memorial video to him on the channel, if you want to know more.
What a boon to Western archaeology the fall of the Iron Curtain has been. It’s taken nearly three decades, but we are finally able to learn from the terrific work of a century of Soviet-bloc archaeological studies. When I was young, say in the 80s and 90s (my 20s and 30s) very little about Eastern Europe’s archeology was known. It wasn’t just the language barrier, Western archaeologists had little access to these countries, or their reports, for a century. Their discoveries have reshaped, and greatly expanded, our knowledge of early humans in Eurasia.
Not really, this site, and everything i ex yu has been accessible all tge time, it was the free side of the iron curtain, and from neolithic era, only really important was romania, but it was known, arecheology is not nuclear science to be protected at all costs, we learnt more from turkey in later years, but turkey was in nato all the time, just wasn't excavated too much, or to put it differently, too many sites to exvavaye them all at once.
We've found a neolithic road at least 6000 yeara old under the sea at one of our bigger islands, that's huge, because before rome you usually don't find roads in the world, it will come to attention at some point for certain, but you can't phisically cover all the sites in any mediterranean country, on land and under the sea, you register them, dig a bit if you can, burry it back and cover, and let it wait its turn, my nephew is now 2nd year student of archeology, all his student jobs are digs for private companies, usually building companies that whenever they start digging for foundations they uncover something and have to process it, pay for a big part of it, if they want it done in some manageable time.
European archaeology was transformed by radiocarbon dating. They used to think that everything was thousands of years younger than it actually was.
Unfortunately, it's still true. It's impossible to reconstruct the full history of Old Europe without including Ukraine into it, where the mammoth bone houses and mammoth bone musical instrument are found intact, where the Soviets destroyed thousands of artifacts from Dnieper hydro electric plant area back in 30s, and some part of those artifacts was stolen by the Nazis during WWII from Ukrainian museums and now lost forever. And again, the russians blew up the Dnieper hydro plant this year, killing thousands civilians and causing biggest ecocide in Europe on which the world prefer not to talk about. The unique and never deeply researched neither by soviets, not independent Ukrainians archeological site Kamyana Mohyla (google it) is on war occupied territory now, and no one knows what happened, or may happen to that site which holds writing artifacts from different eras throughout millenniums of human history. I hope all this will change eventually.
@@vilnaukrana3891 mammoth bone tents and mammoth bone instruments have nothing to do with Old Europe, which is Neolithic and Chalcolithic, whereas what you're talking about is Paleolithic.
@@LeeGee your neolithic family, right. lol
Thanks to you, Mr Draffen, we are all able to share a legacy. I always enjoy learning from your continued efforts. Thank you.
Now that is a seriously amazing piece of work, Mr Draffin. Thanks for uploading!
Nick would be proud his passion project continues.
This must be the most comprehensive video i've watched about the Neolithic period in Europe, it puzzled many pieces together for me. Thank you
at 33:57 the village Divostin (and Draca which is few km from Divostin) in Serbia, there are multiple farm fields where the farmers are growing stuff, and when they prepare for the planting, you can walk there and see all the Vinca artifacts across the fields, you literary can walk there and pick up a stone axe which is a few thousand years old, the issue is that there is so much of the stuff there that they can't pick up all of it xD you have to imagine how that civilization was big at that time, and this is just one of many sights of Vinca in Serbia.
Thank you, my late father was from that area.You can feel the spirit of the ancestors there.
The masterful nature of this film is a great tribute to Nick. I enjoyed the pace of the narration which made a lot of information easy to absorb. Life is short. Looking at this wonderful work with commentary on generations that lived and passed creates a sensitivity to our human spirit and collective experience.
Wonderful. Even indicates more and more how incredible Göbekli Tepe and the other Tepes are. Whoever constructed those sites were leaps and bounds ahead of all other human endeavours yet known to us.
I thunk the more we dig the more we will find localized societies popping up and becoming more advnaced only for histpry to make them history, and another group somewhere else pops up.
I think settled hunter gathering was far more commom then they suspect. If anything seasonal villages etc.
We need to look below the ocean the coastal ruims would provide us alot more info since they naturally would have lived as close to the coast as possible.
@@SamtheIrishexanI agree, but I think those Anatolian sites are really important as the first major civilization after the younger dryas flooding.
But there are several sites only SLIGHTLY younger that are very impressive as well. I wouldn’t necessarily call the Tepe builders leaps and bounds ahead of all other builders of their time.
What's with the obsession with gobekli tepe that people have? What about it makes it more impressive than something like Stonehenge phase 2, Skara Brae or Silbury Hill? Yes those all came thousands of years later, but those were still built in the Neolithic so they didn't have things like wheels, horses or metals. Plus the 3 examples I mentioned were built in places that couldn't sustain high population densities
Outstanding documentary! You are certainly keeping Nick's legacy alive...
This was an absolute gem, very well done massive topic covered with All the subject matter one could wonder about hit I’m sure Nick would be very proud god rest his soul.
Fabulous, one of, if not the best documentaries on the subject I’ve seen, thank you 🙏🏻
Thanks!
Its amazing the dendrochronology could be done.
The value of anaerobic muck.
What a phenominal episode! I've wondered about this stuff for decades.
Isotopic analysis on teeth is also mind blowing. Being able to tell where someone grew up is so cool. Archeology is a science now, there's a lot more to it than digging for relics.
A man's life is too brief; especially when looking back across those unfathomable ages. May we live our time as nobly.
Great, thank you, it’s such an interesting period of human pre-history. I don’t think the early archaeologists were especially interested in this period, and would have walked right past remains of ancient wooden or mud-brick settlements. They were only one step removed from treasure-hunters, who wanted to find works of art, great stone-built cities, and above all, gold treasure. Archaeology didn’t really become a science until the very late 19th or early 20th C, it was more like adventuring.
17:37 I am watching this from the middle of Turtle Island, on top of the karst "island" where the glaciers did not come. The Ho Chunk, who have remembered the stories, call it the Refuge. Once prairie savannah, managed by humans and bison , beaver and wolf, etc, diverse beyond imagination.
My ancestors came here from what was becoming northern Germany, where they lived with cattle, sheep , swine, horses cut down the trees, killed the living soil and created deserts. We brought that land use pattern here, as settler colonists.
I am grateful to find this video and hope others are carrying on this research.
Incredibly pleased with these continued works and efforts. Thank you!🔥 Nick, you live on eternally.🌱
In Paris, in 2002, during the excavations for Parc Bercy, a human settlement attested to by 6 long, dug-out canoes perfectly preserved in peat mud, dating from 6500 years ago. You can see them preserved in the Musée Carnivale in the Marais, Paris. Fun fact, the symbol of the city of Paris is a boat and the name comes from the pre-Romain inhabitants, the Parisii - ‘The boat people.’
Nowhere near the first inhabitants. They were the Celtic tribe that lived there around the time of Caesar. Of course there were others before them.
@@andrewlehmann7009 Right. I'll change to "pre-Roman," rather than "first"
Fantastic video.
We miss you Nick.
What a great episode! It's well researched and wonderfully presented one. Well done!
Home run on this vid! More please of Europe’s old civilizations too
Great work! Awesome presentation!
Lipinsky Vir was actually moved, up the bank about 100 meters to preserve it. They don't really tell you that clearly when you are there, but the stones were labeled and moved to protect them from raising waters from a new Dam. Source: I've been there.
Great info, thanks
Romania - Cucuteni culture..7500 years. Is a Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BC) of Eastern Europe . Cucuteni civilisation - 5500 - 2750 BC...Older than the Mesopotamian. Cucuteni culture represents the peak of Neolithic culture in Europe (5,000-3,500 BC). Six to seven thousand years ago, the Cucutenians had upstairs houses and high-rise houses on their pillars, their communities lived in settlements of up to 20,000 houses planimetrically arranged. ..in Iași city museum .In Moldova county , Romania.
God Bless Nick's family. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Please keep on! Great content!
I worked at Kargadur many years ago; so happy to see the site on a map.
Hello! Still using all the cool mugs of this channel that I haven't broken yet!
I will always maintain my set. ❤
It would be very interesting to hear more talks on the paleolithic, especially one on the megafauna
Very interesting, and I appreciate all the maps.
Thank you ... lots of info and nicely tied together
First rate show. Thank you very much.
Where I live on the banks of the river humber in the last 40 years there's been easily a 2/3 ft rise in sealevel at high water but the low water mark has remained the same.
This has that old Documentary feel from what I saw in my childhood. I liked this a lot.
45:51 "...and led to architectural reorganizations of the village" - What does this mean? How did it show in reality? l need to know why!
Greatly appreciated, thanks for the effort
Recent DNA analysis has shown that the discovery of artifacts attributed to a specific group in a new location does not necessarily indicate the introduction of the people of that group entering the area, only that their influence had an impact.
Nice video ta. RIP Nick x
Thank you! :)
Amazing video but im not sure i understand the connection of the younger dryas. Are you saying that it contributed to the creation of these cultures opposed to the destruction? I thought the younger dryas impact predated these cultures? Wouldn’t it have been more around the end of the epigravettian period than old europe?
Thank god, finaly some light on Danube civilizations!
Whoh! Fascinating. The younger driest cause outlined makes a lot of sence to me. It will be interesting to see where the science leads us 🌊🏄♂️🪷
Just watched the japan one. I’m digging this channel
@21:26 They had dug outs that were "6 meters in diameters"? Surely, you meant in length.
Another banger❤🎉
Loved this. Thankyou.
If anyone wants to learn more I strongly recommend reading Stephen Shennan's: "The First Farmers of Europe"
It's relatively up to date because it was published right after the aDNA revolution. It's probably the best book on Neolithic Europe
Very cool, thank you!
Starčevo and Vinča is located in Serbia not Hungary.
Starcevo and Lepenski vir are in Serbia after Starcevo is Vinca mostly in Serbia but spread to part in today's Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and around
Old Europe - The history of Europe .
Old Europe is a term coined by the Lithuanian - American archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic and Copper Age culture or civilization in Southeast Europe, centered in the Lower Danube Valley. Carpathians (Romania) and Balkans. Old Europe is also referred to in some literature as the Danube civilization. 6000-3500 BC .
Her studies looked for civilizations of the millennium V-8000 years. She asked France, Germany, England, Spain, Italy, Austria from western Europe if they have such vestiges. There was no answer. Only in the Carpathian space-Romania and the Balkans. In Romania hundreds of vestiges, superb civilizations of 7000-8000 years. In the rest of Europe, there was no population, she concluded . She called this area inhabited since the Neolithic the "Heart of Europe".
Marija Gimbutas professor of archaeology at UCLA- California and internationally renowned for her study of the arrival of the Proto-Indo-European languages and culture in Europe .
Excellent video.
*Thank you💜*
The comet hypothesis is the key point.
It’s not in any way proven by peer review.
Greek history, always amaze us and surprise us every time more🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷
The whole Greek thing is just pathetic, Greeks are refugees in today’s Greece since 1924 this is a fact.
🇧🇬 🇧🇬 🇧🇬
4:50 it seems that you're suggesting the Anasazi existed as a cultural group 11,000 years ago. That would not be a correct statement. The Anasazi roots are in various Archaic peoples and didn't develop until the introduction of domesticated corn a little over 2,000 years ago.
Your content is very good. My English is not very good. Could you please add Turkish subtitles?
"Neolithic cultures in Romania , preceded with a couple hundred years, all human settlements in Sumer and ancient Egypt.
/ Neolithic Culture in Romania:
Starcevo Criș -(9000years -6500 BC)
Vinca - 5000-3000 BC
Tisa-eneolithic
Vădastra - paleolitic superior
Boian- 5000 BC
Hamangia - 4000 BC
Eneolithic:
Cucuteni -5500-2750
Sălcuța -Late Eneolithic
Petrești Turdaș - 5000 BC
Schela Cladovei-Lepenski culture -9000 years (7000 years BC)
- The cultures of Cucuteni, Gumelnita, Vadastra, Hamangia and others, over 7500 years old, have many and beautiful archaeological artifacts. Especially the splendid ceramics. Search for.
Why would the effects of meteorite strikes only be found in one Syrian village?
Indeed.
Likely the only place researched so far and more research is needed elsewhere, but this does tie into the (very criticized) theory of a Younger Dryas impact. Have no idea if the alternative of an "airburst" meteorite would salvage the theory, but the idea of an "true" impact seems to have no coherent evidence: ruclips.net/video/a9FPKWI97Ps/видео.htmlsi=h5ZSM8Ee5_n76KqS
there was also a huge volcano in germany that would have devastated the whole region. valleys filled with 60 m of pumice
RIP Nick
You probrably are aware, but the theory Gobekli Tepe was a 'religious' site is failing.
It's a bit confusing because of the mix of Mesolithic and Neolithic. Dwellings made 12, 000 years ago are not Neolithic but made by Mesolithic hunter gatherers. I agree the Neolithic farmers came from Anatolia but they weren't as identical as indicated. Italian Neolithic farmers had ancestry from Mesopotamia and Western Iran, and they absorbed less WHG. The Neolithic ancestry in Northern Europeans is Globular Pottery farmers who had high WHG ancestry, the the Steppe Herders mixed with those people. In the South, Steppe ancestry came from Bell Beakers.
I have never seen Maria Gimbutas as a young woman. Oh that sculpture of a large sleeping woman is from a Neolithic site in Malta. It's quite small.
14: 45 Says 33.000 years culture with pottery. Is that so or a typo?? Pottery was not a thing back then as far as I know. If dates for pottery had been pushed back 25.000 years it would be a very remarkable feat that you should stress greatly, don’t you think?
Grills are lame bring back the gold knob helmet
14:28 that's beautiful
Dude, you tried so much to avoid saying Romania when describing the geografical area of this culture, that you even used the name of a country that has not existed for more than 100 years and was never on the banks of Danube 🙄. Romania has a rich archaeological pool of proofs for this culture. You can say its name. We promise that we do not send the vampires to suck your blood if you mention our name.
Yes both sides of river Romania and Serbia.
Whatever the carostia wete trading in to get their containers spread so far ???? The impressed wear doesnt really look that impressive compared to other containers available so it must be the contents of the wares that were so prized.
Has anyone here been to Choirokoitia? I'm going in March!
How was it?
@@EvilSmonker There’s not too much to it. Still glad I went. Cyprus has history periods on top of history periods!
@@drgordo112 Glad you enjoyed your trip, there’s lots of history in the balkans too so maybe your next trip could be here :)
@@EvilSmonker So funny you should say that: I did the Balkans last summer! I still need to pay respect to Kosovo and North Macedonia. I heard about a Neolithic site on the Bulgarian Black Sea, so I should make it in one trip. This summer is Canada coast-to-coast and next year is all of Turkey!
@@drgordo112 As a Bulgarian I can assure you there is an abundance of archeological sites here. I assume you’re referring to the site known as “Solnitsata” which is rather large dating back nearly 7000 years; definitely worth seeing. I don’t know much about Canada personally from a historical perspective but Turkey is also packed with sites; have fun!
Neolithic Europe .
Ancient peoples. The Dacians The ancestors of the Romanians.
The Dacian people were an ancient agrarian society that lived in the region of Dacia, which is roughly in present-day Romania. This group was also called Getae, leading some to refer to both as Getae-Dacians. The Dacians spoke a Vulgar Latin language. They fell under Roman rule in 106 AD, after Emperor Trajan conquered part of Dacia. Paleogenetic tests show that the current Romanians are the descendants of the Dacians, but also of all the populations that have inhabited these territories since prehistoric times. Over 6000 years. Paleogenetics 2012- Germany.
The Kingdom of DACIA.
.Under the Dacian- Getae king Burebista, the Dacian state reached its greatest extent, its limits being, according to Strabo, in the N, in the Forest Carpathians, in the W, in the Middle Danube and present-day Slovakia, in the S in the Haemus Mountains (Balkans) and in the E at the mouths of the Bug and the Black Sea.
Under the Dacian Kingdom of the King Decebalus - It restores the unity of the Dacian state, on a smaller territory than the state of Burebista, but more centralized and stronger. The wars with the Romans begin. 101-102 and 105-106 AD.
Romania is the ancient Dacia.
👏🏽👏🏽 Good one!
This is all available elsewhere. Rinse and repeat.
A lot of untruths are spread in this video. Lepenski Vir dates back to 10,000 BC and not 6,000 as you said. After Lepenski Vir, the continuation of that culture is Vinca 8,000 BC. Vinca - Kukuteni - Tripole are one and the same civilization. In Lepenski Vir there was a Virbukvar (alphabet), where one of the signs was the so-called Star of David. Vinca is much richer with letters and signs. 24 letters of the Vinča alphabet are in the Serbian alphabet - Cyrillic. The Lepen alphabet and the Vincan alphabet together provided the basis for the Latin alphabet as well. Vincan is identical to Etruscan with the note that the Etruscans called themselves Rasani, and another name for Serbs is Rasi or Rasani. The straight-armed (space) cross with four C's carved on the figurine of the Mother Goddess is the coat of arms of Serbia, which originates from prehistoric times and not from Byzantium as false history wants to portray. Byzantium never existed, but the Eastern Roman Empire. 17 Roman emperors were born in Serbia and have partial origins from Serbs... Don't think that we don't know our true history, of course we do, and the archaeological and other evidence we have demolishes the false history that is being marketed. And it is false not only in relation to us Serbs, but in general in the whole world...p.s. Just one more note, in Javanica (near Gornji Milanovac) in Serbia, archeological artifacts were found with letters estimated to be 160,000 years old. After it was announced, foreign archaeologists immediately rushed to Serbia. The excavations were stopped, but luckily the artifacts were not stolen, as is the case with many Vincans artifacts that are sold at auctions in Western countries today...
Cyrillic is a fusion of Greek & Old Bulgarian my Serb brother. Serbia has a great history all its own, no need to fabricate history like the Africans do.
@@EvilSmonker
Don't make me laugh please. No Cyril and Methodius created the Serbian alphabet. We are the indigenous people here, and our alphabet is identical to that of Vince. Anyone can check it by looking at the comparison table. As for you Bulgarians, you are a mixture of Serbs and an Asian tribe. It is the same with the Greeks. Greece was full of Serbian toponyms, and some have remained even today. There's a map to prove it. We have evidence for everything and much more than the ones I mentioned... As for Africans, blacks were highly developed in the past. There is evidence for that too. One of the most obvious examples is the Nubians as pharaohs in Egypt. And when I mention Egypt, Lake Serbonis in lower Egypt (Greek: Σερβυνιδοζ Λιμνη) is the former one, mentioned in their writings by Herodotus and Diodorus of Sicily and others, which dried up over time and turned into a bog. Then the term SINAI, which is used only since the advent of Christianity, and earlier that mountain was called SERBAL, as it is today in non-Jewish languages, and there is a hill Nebo (Serbian word for sky) near Serbal... Not to mention further, in there are 350,000 Serbian toponyms in the world...
@@vesnavasanta8417 My point in comparing you to the Africans is not to say you have no history, but that like them, fabricating all this history you are discrediting the real history that you have and making it so that no one acknowledges the actual contributions you made; instead lumping it into the fantastical claims you believe without real evidence. I understand you’re proud to be Serbian but to believe that all of civilization was some sort of unified Serbian empire during pre history is not only ridiculous but practically impossible. I’m sorry if I’ve offended, and I may be proven wrong with sufficient evidence however I do not believe said evidence exists in a cohesive form yet and even if it did, I doubt it would connect to modern Serbia in a form that would be fair to call them “Serbian”.
@@EvilSmonker I repeat that there is evidence for everything I said. I am not interested in your opinion, nor do I intend to continue wasting my time with the ignorant and malicious...
@@vesnavasanta8417 Alright брато let’s agree to disagree then, лека!
40:26
Actually, it's _Yersinia pestis,_ not _Yersina._
{:o:O:}
I doubt that there were enough early humans to over hunt anything
So the comets that changed the climate of Europe ...that favored cattle?...came from the constellation Taurus? spooky.
You mean :carpinus betulus? I don't know many English treenames. In Europe we have many languages. It is better to use the scientific name of an organism. I know these trees. I planted them myself. In Dutch we call them 'haagbeuk'.
Thank you.
U missed Vinca/Turdas as we romanians know it
🎉😄🤗
It could just be a drowned forest, of course, and not a 'village'....
❤❤❤😊
Real life Goldmember lol
Not far from mount Ararat so makes since that Noah’s ark landed not far from there.
Good stuff.
{:o:O:}
Very interesting interpretation of the Ice Age & History of Civilizations! Yet totally without the facts; [that the last, "Snowball Earth": was 460,000 years ago, & Glacerial retreat, as well as Sea Water rise is only gradually rising; [proportionally]: since then; [a Megadisaster]; (obviously); [sent Sea Levels up]; to Cover Megolithic Megablock Structures, before this, (there was, an ever so slowly rise & fall of the Oceans)! Survivors: (of this Metorific disaster); only show up as you mention: (100,000's of years later)!
Metorific?
@@Conan776 Yes, like the end of the Dinosaurs, a Metorific ☄️event that was Worldwide, & had created a Tsunamis 🌊that disrupted the 1000 TON Megolithic🪨 Megablock Structures🗿 that incompassed the Earth!🌎
It sounds like AI
The Old European hydronym is not really Indo-European though. There isn't even an 'el-' or 'ol-' root that truly exists, its just postulated to be a very early PIE root that got lost in history. Nevermind that there is too much a-vocalism among the hydronym words, were all river names necessarily feminine?
Another mystery discovered with the new exploration in Siberia is the apparent lack of Siberian DNA present in Native Americans.
Yes
Its very sad without Nick, this presenter isnt as good, it would be good if others presented on this channel as well.
Chess pieces are more important than the entire video
NOT 'the earliest days of human civilsation'....the re emergence of civilisation....but not such a recent start.....
I took out my hearing aids when this video started and I kept waiting to see the wooden "elephants" in the lake.
🤷
So want events ended "thousands of years" of "matriarchal" utopia?
What a silly thing to say without explanation except "climate".
The sad decline of academic thought.
Indeed.
proliferation of city-states, militarization and the need to ensure offspring was theirs while away at war lead to patriarchal societal domination as well as war going hand in hand with sexual slavery leading to cultural misogyny is the nutshell. check out the book a history of the goddess from the ice age to the bible by edward dodge as well as a fantastic article on jstor (which allows u to view articles free with an account) called state-formation in sumer and the subjugation of women (google will lead you to it)
BC
Getting more and more annoyed with every added 'E'...
And the place of God's first creation where it is here in this "study". What is the purpose of a foreign researcher from these places, other than to mislead people and manipulate their ignorance by presenting data selected according to interest. It is well known that civilizations began to develop at the mouths of a large river, in our case Okeanos Potamos (from Geti) or Istru (from the Greeks) or Danubius (from the Romans with reference to "Nubian" the collector of black - dark) with its source in the Black Forest Mountains and its discharge into the Black Sea. Of ourse, the DNA study does not present the genome of the majority of the population of a country that lives right at the mouth of the Danube (see the human skeleton discovered in the Cave of Bones with an age of 37,000 - 42,000 years, which is not in Serbia). Also, the images of the archaeological figurines are in disagreement with the reading of the text due to the non-specification of the place of discovery. A country is recognized by the language spoken, and the Slavs (Serbs), Turks (Hungarians), Germanic tribes (Germans) are all languages that appeared much later, because all these peoples above are formed by migrants from Asia (the first two) who arrived much later in these territories. Therefore, at those times presented in the study, another language was spoken in those places.
situating the ancient puebloans around 11.000 bp - what a non-sense! and all that datings that follow - way off! pseudo-history!
Dodgy dating based on 19th cent ideas "present guide to the past" ideology. Probably post flood history but interesting nonetheless.