PATTERNS IN PATHOLOGY | HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND REPORT | MUST KNOW FOR BEGINNERS

PATTERNS IN PATHOLOGY | HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND REPORT | MUST KNOW FOR BEGINNERS
Acantholysis:
Separation of cell - cell connections (desmosomes) between keratinocytes leading to single, rounded keratinocytes
Seen in pemphigus variants and related disorders
Acanthosis:
Thickening of epidermis
Elongated rete ridges usually extend into dermis
Can be regular (all rete pegs at roughly the same level) or irregular (rete pegs at different levels of the papillary dermis)
Anagen:
Hair during growth phase
Anaplasia:
Atypical nuclei (abnormal in size and shape) and pleomorphism (variation in nuclear characteristics)
Asteroid body:
Collections of eosinophilic material in sporotrichosis or star shaped inclusion in sarcoidal giant cells / other granulomatous processes
Atrophy:
Epidermal:
Decreased thickness due to reduced numbers of keratinocytes
Epidermis may appear flat at its base with loss of rete ridge pattern
May occur after inflammation / certain topical treatments
Dermal:
Thinning of dermal layer due to loss of collagen / elastin
May occur after steroids and atrophodermas
Banana bodies:
Yellow-green, banana shaped fibers in the dermis; can be due to exogenous or endogenous causes
Basal vacuolar degeneration:
Also known as liquefactive / hydropic degeneration
Small vacuoles resembling bubbles in the basal layer
Often associated with individually necrotic keratinocytes

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