Not quite as many, but China has a few. It’s native name is “Zhongguo”, “Middle Kingdom” (or “Middle Country”); we call it “China”, probably derived from the Qin Dynasty; the Ancient Greeks called it “Seres”, “Land of Silk”; while the Russians (and I think other Slavic language speakers) call it “Kitai” after the Kihtan tribe (also believed to be the origin of the poetic English name “Cathay”.)
@@laowaiinshanghai7708 Only Russians, and East Slavic use "Kitaj" on China. For exaple in Polish China is simply "Chiny". But in Polish we have simillar word to russian "Kitaj" - "Kitajec" - but this is a slur word used on asian people.
Sverige has a lot of exonyms: Sweden, Schweden, Suède, Routsi, Svíþjóð, Svezia, İsveç etc... Suggestion for a video: Which countries doesn't have any exonym? Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and Liechtenstein comes to mind and also probably Panama and Canada. The spelling Kanada is used in some languages but the pronunciation is the same so there's no significant difference there.
@@CB-fn3me Panama and Canada are questionable at best Even though both names are derived from indigenous words, they are not derived from the name of their country. Canada comes from the iroquoi word for settlement, Panama just means lots of fish and refered to a native fishing village. Country (in the way europeans use the word) was an unknown concept for the locals that lived there before europeans arrived.
In Italian, Germany is called "Germania" but we call Germans "Tedeschi", why is the term "Tedeschi" or singular "Tedesco" or feminine "Tedesca" used? Because it derives from Deutsch which would be the "language of the people" and so the population was "forced" to use the Italianized version that has become "Tedeschi" as a name for the German people and no longer "Germanici". "Germanici" is still used to refer to the ancient Germanic peoples and Germanic speakers "Germanofoni" for example "l'Austria, la Germania e la svizzera sono paesi Germanofoni" Austria, Germany and Switzerland are German-speaking countries
@@robertab929 Probably just *"OstREICH or Ost-REICH"* because.. *Austria..* which comes from "AusterRICHI".. which comes from "OstREICH" .. what *litteraly means "Eastern-KINGDOM"* ... So *ÖsterREICH* ...< *östliches REICH* > .. =(Austria->AusterRICHI->OstREICH) is literally the eastern PART (REICH/Kingdom) of german(y/-speaking people)! So Austria is basically german(y)! (its eastern REICH or part) even when you replace the german "Ö" in english into "ea" and add an "n" (related to a location --> easterN side).. then you can see how:... ÖsterREICH ->ÖEA -ster(n)REICH ÖsterREICH -->Easter(n)REICH ...becomes the... EasternREICH (of germany.) Or ÖsterREICH ->Öerer
@@dpunktgehpunkt5876 The divide of West Germanic area (except English language) into current states is strange. It should based on language spoken. Dutch/Low German in the Netherlands and in half of Belgium and in north Germany. They have so similar language that they could form *1st* new state. Frisian does not have a lot of speakers and it is diverse so it is difficult to create separate country. French part of Belgium could unify with France. Central German is spoken in Central Germany and Luxemburg. It could be used in *2nd* new state. Alemannic is in Switzerland and Upper West Germany. It could be *3rd* new state. Bavarian is used in Bavaria and Austria. And both parts are Catholic. It could be *4th* German state. So with these changes we could have 4 countries (instead of 5) with less diverse language and more similar size and population.
So interesting that the Netherlands are called Oranda. Does it comed from their national color Orange and the ruling famille, the House of Orange (-Nassau) ?
@@raKJ444No, it is come form Japanese version of 'holland' thus 'oranda'. Adding more fun fact: this form of 'holland' is also exist in Malaysian and Indonesian version that is 'belanda'.
Hello, German historian here. Something that you could've mentioned in the video was the fact that "Germany" (Deutschland) only became a united country in 1871 and until 1806 was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Until the 16th century there isn't even an appearance of a collective noun for those living in these lands used by the people themselves. And even then, it is an abstract concept at first that is explored by humanists and philosophers (and they dabbled in Tacitus a lot...) before it becomes more widely accept in the populace. To this day, individual peoples such as the Bavarians or the Swabians generally feel related to their people first and German second. That way, all languages that refer to Germany adopted this term in modern times as you explained for English. And that would also count for the Italians. There is no continuation of the word "Germania" from Roman times (just as there is no direct continuation from Romans to Italians), they (re-?)adopt the term as well. It's therefore not surprising that collective terms for Germans, such as Tedeschi in Italian, were used *before* Germans had a collective noun for themselves.
Secondo me,non è del tutto corretto quello che Lei afferma. È vero che l' Italia ( come Stato Italiano) esiste solo dal 1861, ma l' ITALIA, come territorio,non ha cambiato mai nome e gli italiani si autodefinivano e venivano definiti Italici. Basta vedere quanto è successo in Italia per scongiurare l' invasione da parte degli Ottomani. Oppure con " LA DISFIDA DI BARLETTA".
Quello che Lei asserisce non è del tutto corretto, mi riferisco a ciò che riguarda l'Italia: L'Italia si è sempre chiamata Italia e gli Italici ( poi italiani) si sono sentiti sempre tali. Basata leggere Petrarca, Dante Alighieri, Machiavelli etc. etc. Oppure basta guardare ciò che hanno fatto gli italiani per scongiurare l'invasione dell'Italia da parte degli Ottomani, la Disfida di Barletta , la Lega lombarda e molto altro ancora. Dunque dovrebbe rivedere le Sue " certezze" . Ha mai sentito parlare della LEGA ITALICA, quando Roma era ancora repubblica, prima che diventasse imperiale? Non voglio dilungarmi oltre . La saluto.
There´s from the 10th Century onwards the Latin Title of the "Rex Germanorum" as one of the four subdivisions of what was originally called the "Imperium Romanum" (9th Century), Sacrum Imperium Romanum (12th Century) and "Sacrum Imperium Romanum Nationae Germaniae" (15th Century). The Territory what the "Rex Germanorum" ruled was the Territory northern of the Alps with the exception of Bohemia, which had its own "Rex" = King. The other two Kings were the "Rex Romanorum, which ruled the Territories south of the Alps and the "Rex Burgundorum" (not to mix up with the later Duchy of Bourgogne), which ruled the rest. The "Rex Burgundorum" disappeared later, but the three other "Kingdoms" remained at least pro forma until the dissolution in 1806. The main point here: This "Rex Germanorum" shows that there must have been a definition that these Territories had something in common what made it senseful to put it into the Title of its Ruler. The term "deutsch"/ "Deutschland" was indeed introduced through the Humanists and until the 18th Century it was often written "teutsch"/ "Teutschland", too. Only since then the today used term with a "d" was established. But in the early 16th Century the existence of a "deutsche Nation" = "German Nation" was at least in the "educated classes" a well established concept, allthough it had no relevance for the territorial organization of Power, one famous example is Martin Luther`s programatic writing: "An den christlichen Adel teutscher Nation" = "To the Christian Aristocracy of the German Nation".
@@NicolaW72 That's a good one! Though I'd argue that "rex germanorum" is directly derived from classical latin sources (such as Caesar) and meant to describe "Germania" (or the Germani) as a Roman-defined territorial entity (or people) to historically legitimize the title rather than a reference to the people(s) and territory at the time. Just like the "emperor romanorum".
While the country Germany is 'Germaniya' (Германия) in Russian, for Germans (=people) and German (=adjective) we use 'nemci' (немцы) and 'nemeckiy' (немецкий) like in other slavic languages.
This is because "Germany" as a country is a modern concept that came to existence in the 16th century (and Germany as a country was first formed in 1871), but countries all around what was then the Holy Roman Empire had their collective nouns for the different peoples that roughly spoke the same language in these lands.
@@marcuskastner3756 It is more complicated. There was already a German state with the HRE. After the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the north split off and fell apart. There is a gap and Austria is the only German state worth mentioning. But it does not call itself Germany. Instead, it keeps its regional name from the HRE. When the idea of the nation state emerges, there is no state in the German-speaking area that can adopt the concept. Prussia is then able to bind its satellite states to itself with the help of nationalism in 1871 and establish a new nation state that claims to represent all Germans. However, large areas of the HRE are missing. The Second Reich simultaneously unites the majority of the German-speaking population. These different phases can apparently be found in the Russian language.
@@Mischnikvideos Things are always more complicated than can be put in a single YT comment. ;-) But I wouldn't call the HRE a "German state", that would be misleading, especially when you go back to its origins (both in the definitions of "state" and "German"). I wrote that Germany as a concept for a united people and country started in the 16th century (or late 15th century) and I stand by that. The term was first explored by humanists and then became a political entity by the Habsburgs under Maximilian. What needs to be further mentioned is the movement of 1848 and the theory of a "kleindeutsche" and "großdeutsche" solution for creating a German state with the "bigger" solution including Austria while the "smaller" one includes Prussia. But this was more a matter of who was having power in the end. The supposed continuation of the "Reiche" is a Nazi thing btw. The Prussians didn't call the German Empire the "Second Reich" and there was no emphasis on continuing the Holy Roman Empire in the German nationbuilding under the Prussians, because that would have given the Habsburgs and Austria a claim to it.
the somewhat old meaning is: the ones who [can] use intelligible words and the ones who cannot and are therefore considered 'mute'. to sum it up into modern lingu: the ones who use our native language and the ones who use a foreign language we cannot understand. 😉
@@Ggdivhjkjl Is it? I've never heard of it, and I live in Portugal. There is even a monarchist party, which is one of the parties that is part of the coalition that is currently in government.
Interesingly, Austria also shared exonyms with Germany, in a pattern that could be called “Cross-exonyms”: - In Arabic, just Austria is called “Nimsa” - borrowed from the Slavic exonym for Germany - while Germany proper is called “Almanya”. And the following is about demonyms, but still a form of endonyms/exonyms: - In Alsatian (the Alemannic vernacular spoken west of the Rhine in a region marked by historic ties with France), Alsatians call themselves “Diitschi” - a vernacular version of “Deutsche” - while referring to Germans from anywhere across the Rhine as “Schwoowe” (meaning “Swabians”)
@@eizzah8323 That part of Bavaria is the only one where the name of Swabia is still used for a political entity, but is only the eastern part of Swabia. The biggest part of Swabia is located in Baden-Württemberg. In addition it needs to be mentioned that over time the extend of what was called Swabia changed. The duchy of Swabia of the Holy Roman Empire (about 1000 years ago) included for example Alsace, parts of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Austria, Switzerland and Italy. Later then the Circle of Swabia (still Holy Roman Empire) was created but was reduced in size compared to the old duchy and only consisted of parts of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Austria. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire the name was no longer used for a political entity beside the part of Swabia that ended up in Bavaria.
@@patrickm3981Die Bezeichnung für die "politische Einheit" (die eine Verwaltungseinheit ist) ist Regierungsbezirk. The term for the "political unit" (which is an administrative unit) is Regierungsbezirk.
English also used an Anglicized version of the word “Deutsch” like the other Germanic languages, and in fact it still does - Dutch. As the modern Dutch and Germans drifted apart, English kept using Dutch for the ones they interacted with more often, and adopted German for the people farther afield.
@@leod-sigefast No. "Teutones" is a 2150 year old term, even older than "Germania". Dutch and Deutsch comes from Theotiscus and words spelled similarly. Versions of this with ethnic meanings have been attested for no more than 1300 years so roughly 1000 years less than Teuton.
For the slavic exonym, it is opposite to the Slavic ethnoym - slované slavjani etc. - which meanins people of the word (slovo). We, the people of the word can speak and they can not (not in a way we understand at least) thus they are mutes.
Makes sense! England was the target of a lot of migrations by Saxons from Germany, along with Angles and some Frisians. Who joined up with the Britons, which had already mixed with some Romans. And a few centuries later that mix had the Danes added to it, and then the Normans (who had Viking heritage themselves). The ethnic background of England 'natives' is really interesting.
@@General.Knowledge wait, are saying that the English people are a mix of Germanic, Celtic and Roman peoples? This kinda sounds like the Germans, who are also a mix of the three (although Celts and Romans in much smaller quantities and many Slavs instead)
In Australian slang, the English are generally referred to as the "Poms", and an English person is a "Pom". The best part is that, as far as I can tell, nobody really knows why. There seems to be a thought that it comes from rhyming slang, with "pomegranate" supposedly being rhymed with "immigrant", but the problem with that theory is that those two words don't actually rhyme. For this theory to be true, the pronunciation of "pomegranate" would have to have shifted in the past 120 or so years (ie since the term Pom first shows up in the written record), in a way that is apparently otherwise undocumented and in a direction that would be unusual for English (the language, not the people). So I'm not sure I buy this explanation. So basically, we've come up with a name for the English and we don't really know why, but it stuck.
There is this anecdote in Lithuanian, that when the Lithuanian pagans fought the Teutonic order, they hit the German teutons on their heads but the Germans (wearing metal helmets) didn’t collapse but instead, kept on fighting. the Lithuanians exclaimed “vo kiets!” Meaning something like “what a tough/hard one!”
Great video! Greetings from Suomi! ☺ The Estonian version of the name just adds "maa" at the end, which means "land". So it's basically "Land of the Saxons". By the way, about Moomins, the creatures that kind of look like white hippos are called Moomins (or "Muumit" in Finnish). The specific Moomin on that mug is called "Muumipappa", who is the father of the Moomin family. The other main characters that are Moomins are "Muumipeikko" (the boy), "Niiskuneiti" (the girl), "Muumimamma" (the mom). Also, I've followed your channel for a while, and I think you deciding to show your face in the videos was a good decision. It adds character and recognisability :)
Eestiläiset vaan sanovat sen olevan Saksalaisten maa. Saksalaisethan itsekin sanot Deutschland eli lisäävät sanan maa perään. Kävi kai järkeen sanoa heidän maansa nimi niin.
The boy moomi in Estonain is called Muumitroll, the girl is called either Piripiiga or Tusklikupreili (depends on the translation). The father and mother have the same name as Finnish.
In Polish lauange we also have alternative word for Germans - "Szwaby". It's a slur word for German, but this word has interesing roots is originated from Swabia (in polish "Szwabia") - a region in south Germany where the Aleman tribes was living.
I am Dutch and went backpacking in southern Brazil. There I crossed a big river to Argentina. However, in Argentina I was stopped by the military police. Firstly because no tourists ever passed this small border post. And secondly they thought my passport was fake. Because they had never seen an EU passport and in my passport it says Kingdom of the Netherlands. And they could not find 'Netherlands' in their computer system. After some discussion they found out that it is 'Países Baixos'.
@@helloahla239 Here in Argentina a lot of people say 'Holanda' (Holland) instead of 'Países Bajos' (Low Countries) when they mean the Netherlands, and even though the word 'neerlandés' exists in spanish, 95% of people or more use 'holandés'.
@@parmentier7457 It would have helped if it said "Holland", given "Holanda" is the name most Brazilians know and use. 😂 "Países Baixos" is a bit ambiguous as you may mean three Benelux countries at the same time with that phrase.
I find interesting that in Armenian language Armenia is Hayastan and Georgia is Vrastan, while in Georgian language Armenia is Somkheti and Georgia itself is Sakartvelo. :)
In Serbia, it's still common to hear people calling Germans "Svabe", which is derived from Danube Swabians who had large population in Pannonian regions. It is fair to point out that term is mostly used as a pejorative because of a, let's say, complicated history between the two groups.
@@kkyrezis The main reason (I think) is because it was often used as a nickname for German soldiers during WW2, which is likely where negative context comes from. Also, surprisingly, many people who use it don't know that Swabs is actually name of a German tribe, so they just use it as a mockname. It's stupid, I know.
@@kkyrezis It could be because of intensive settlements of germanic people in medieval times in Polish lands, many of them being swabes, and it become just the local dialect name for germans, which was pefectly fine, and when our relations with Germans started deteriorate, this word gained nasty meaning in relation to all germans.
I have another theory for the origin of the name Germani for the Germans in Latin. The seax type of sword and the francisca type throwing axe are linked to the names of the Saxons and the Franks, respectively. Now the ger, also called frame by Tacitus, was a javelin used by German tribes during the migration period, but it might very well have been older, or the name might have been used for a predecessor type of javelin during Caesar's time. The ger was a status symbol of a free man for the Germanic tribes. So my theory is that the Ger- part of Germanus is referencing the javelin and the -manus part either is the Latin word for hand which would make a Germanus a javelin hand or that it is derived from the same root as the German Mann or the English man and in that case Germanus would translate to javelin man. In both cases it would account for the fact that many Germans in Gaul were mercenaries and akin to the way that viking has become an umbrella term for the Norse people from Scandinavia. Also, I always thought that Deutsche and therefore Deutschland derived from the tribe of the Teutons (Latin Teutones), who gave the Romans a bloody hard time together with the Cimbri and the Ambrones. The Battle of Arausio in 105 BC was either the worst or 2nd worst defeat after the Battle of Cannae of the Roman Republic.
I think you have something there with "spear-man" - as a linguist, I find it plausible. Also, "Teuton" is a Roman adaptation of either a Celtic or Germanic term, in either case meaning 'of the people' and related to "deutsch", "dutch", and "þēode". If it's Celtic, it would be related to the Gaelic word "Tuath" for 'people/nation'
As a German pupil I learned basically that in school. That "Ger" is a very old word for "spear" and like the Normans were the people (or the men) of the north, the Germans were the people (or the men) with the spears.
I used to like that idea, but at the time of Caesar or Tacitus it's unlikely that both Grammatischer Wechsel and the Germanic spirant law were already active, and you almost definitely need both to get from something like gaiza-mannaz to Germanus.
I"ve got anorher one! Im from the east of the Netherlands and we have a strong Nedersaksisch dialect here. My grandparents always called Germany de pruus, after Prussia.
Technically the prussians spoke a variant of nedersaksisch too (nederpreußisch). Its probably a later development rather than being linked to the language/dialect if i had to guess.
Achterhoeker here. My grandpa said that too. Pruusen is Germany and 'een pruus' is a german. Edit: my grandparents only said pruusen when they were talking in lower saxon dialect. When they incidentaly spoke dutch they did say Duitsland.
In Lithuanian and Latvian languages, letters are usually pronounced as they are in the International Phonetic Alphabet (except for vowels, their sounds partially depend on where the primary stress is put). I find that quite interesting since I haven't heard of many other languages like this
Historically, in Belarusian and Ukranian languages, the word Niameččyna was used. However, the word was changed in the 1930s to Hermania by Soviets in the midst of rusification process. In the 1990s, the situation changed, and so did the languages. Ukraine returned the term Niameččyna, while in Belarus two names exist parallelly now. Interestingly, the older generation of Belarussian speakers tend to use the soviet version, while the younger generation tries to sound more authientic and mostly uses Niameččyna
17:15 this exonym is not for a country, but in fact a city - Lviv (Львів in Ukrainian) in Western Ukraine. Pretty much every language (from the ones I checked) uses a variant of "Lviv" or "Lvov", but in Silesian (a Slavic language on the borderlands of Poland and the Czech Republic which was also influenced by German for a few centuries) the city is called "Lymberg" - deriving from how the city was called in German during the times of Habsburg rule (Lemberg). As far as I know the name "Lemberg" is being dropped in German as well in favour of "Lwiw", so because of that "Lymberg" is pretty unique to Silesian
@@Nikioko No, it isn’t. Political correctness and modern agendas don’t want Germans to use German place names for non-German (or even former German) places. We just recently had “Belarus” (for Belarusia) forced onto us, the entire country used to be referred to as “Weißrussland” not even a decade ago. Transylvania used to be known as “Siebenbürgen” as well, some still do call it that, but it’s not “proper” now. Try calling “Kaliningrad” by its rightful name, “Königsberg”, in an open discussion with representatives from the left, they’d start swinging the Nazi-Hammer at you left and right non stop.
@@Nova-Franconia You are wrong. Lviv was called Lemberg in the Euro 2012, and everybody says Weissrussland rather than Belarus (which is a direct translation, anyway). The reason you shouldn't call Kaliningrad Konigsberg is because the latter was completely destroyed and doesn't exist any more. But what about names like Warschau, Danzig, Breslau, Krakau, Turin, Mailand, Venedig, Florenz, Strassburg, etc.?
While the Arabs use the name Almania for Germany, they use the name Nimsa for Austria; which they probably got through the contact of the Muslim world with the Balkan region.
We used to call Austria Nemçe and Germans in general Nemçeli as the Habsburg dynasty was the primary germanic state we dealt with until 1800s when Germany started to exist as a unified entity in European politics, then we adopted the French name Almanya as French language was predominant in Turkish upper class and world diplomacy in general. The Turkic languages in central asia still use as such. Probably we adopted Nemçe from our Slavic neighbors in the Balkans and forwarded it to the rest of the Islamic and Turkic world late 14th and early 15th century.
@@barsozuguler4300Der Old Shatterhand des Karl May (nicht zu verwechseln mit dem der unsäglichen Karl-May-Filme) heißt im Orient, also im Sudan, in Tunesien, Albanien, Kurdistan, Bulgarien, Persien und was damals sonst zum verrottenden Osmanischen Reich gehörte, Kara ben Nemsi, und in Ersten Kapitel von "Durch die Wüste" erklären er und die Fußnoten das auch. (Durch die Wüste ist der erste Band des sechsbändigen Zyklus "Im Schatten des Großherrn"). Karl May's Old Shatterhand (not to be confused with the one in the unspeakable Karl May films) is called Kara ben Nemsi in the Orient, i.e. in Sudan, Tunisia, Albania, Kurdistan, Bulgaria, Persia and whatever else belonged to the decaying Ottoman Empire at the time, and in the first chapter of "Through the Desert" he and the footnotes explain this. (Through the Desert is the first volume of the six-volume cycle "In the Shadow of the Padishah"). Karl May'in Yaşlı Shatterhand'i (Karl May'in o meşhur filmlerindekiyle karıştırılmamalıdır) Doğu'da, yani Sudan, Tunus, Arnavutluk, Kürdistan, Bulgaristan, İran ve o dönemde çürümekte olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na ait her yerde Kara ben Nemsi olarak adlandırılır ve "Çölün İçinden "in ilk bölümünde kendisi ve dipnotlar bunu açıklar. (Çölün İçinden, altı ciltlik "Ulu Tanrının Gölgesinde" serisinin ilk cildidir).
lithuanian and latvian pronounced as it's written without anglicizing, so it's Vo -kie-ti-ja (not dža) and Va-ci (not si) -ja and it's mostly associated with visigoths
It's interesting, since old Prussians (the Baltic ones) were first to interact with them, maybe it has come in the Baltics from them. But I definitely think it happened before Northern crusades as people were trading with Germans for some time already, at least Prussians
Romanian also has "nemți" for the people which is borrowed from the Slavic word. Funnily enough, the old Slavic word(voloh and a bunch of derivatives) for Romanians was borrowed from a Germanic language, so it went both ways kinda.
@@jakubkosz1009 In German (or multiple Germanic languages) a similar sounding stem "Welsch" was used for anything foreign and unknown. That is not the same as Wlachi from Romania, but it made me think of it. So the canton Wallis in Switzerland has this name, because it was foreign to the Germanic speakers. The English called the unknown ones Wales. Kauderwelsch is the German word for gibberish (nonsense speak). Rotwelsch is an old word refering to Sinti and Roma languages and languages/slangs of other excluded groups.
@@Sfaxx yes, this name ("Țara Romanesca") is more of an internal/informal name. it appears in the first known document written in romanian (1521). it means "romanian land/country". in official documents and externally it was mostly called "wallachia", "terra valachorum", etc
In Korea, Germany is called Dogil, which sounds completely different, but it's from Japanese Doitsu, from the endonym, which was written in kanji and read as Korean.
Interesting to note is that although in Italian the country is called Germania the language itself is called tedesco which in turn has its origin in -latin teodisc- old germanic which means that what belongs to the folks. Edit: Mistakenly saw the origins in Latin.
In Lithuania we actually have an anecdote about Germany’s name. So Samagotians trick Teutons to step into marshes and the knights start to sink. Then a Samagotian tries bashing Teuton’s head with a club and it bounces off the helmet with the Samagotian saying “Vo, kiets” (“Šitas kietas” this one is hard). And that’s why Lithuanians call Germany and Germans Vokietija and Vokietis.
It were the Franks who were the first to use the name Allemagne, not the Gauls - those were at that point already conquered by the Franks, which produced a mixed Roman-Gaulish-Frankish culture and language. Alemannia was the first realm the Franks conquered in their East, followed by Saxony and Thurinigia; together with the lands of the Ripuarian Franks those regions then constituted the kingdom of East Francia. And since "Dutch" is a variation of "Deutsch", it became difficult after the independence of the Netherlands to differentiate between the Dutch (or Low Franconian) spoken there and the "Deutsch" spoken in Germany, which was also a reason to call that language "German" in English.
We call "Deutschland" in Spanish, as "Alemania", as term referring to the once exisiring Germanic tribe located near the Rhine and Danube river called "Alemmani"
It's worth remembering that the Dutch and Belgiums were, historically, considered culturally (low) German, along with the Saxons until well after the 11th century. I belive that they only really became culturally separate after the succession of Charles V and the creation of the Spanish Netherlands. So the idea of a Belgium tribe which was encountered by Julius Caeser being used as the exonym for the entire area isn't as crazy as you make it sound.
@@andrewbrian7659 That makes sense. Belgium is kind of an artificial country anyway, being named after a random ancient tribe that hadn't existed for centuries before it was founded as a buffer between France and Holland.
Well the socalled "Spanish Netherlands" were actually "always Habsburg dynasty Netherlands" since Maximillian I the grandfather of Charles V inherited it with the titel Duke from the father of his wife as "marriage-portion" and it was then later given + the titel Duke to his son Philip the Handsome and then Philip´s son Charles V got it with the titel Duke from his father which happened way before Charles V became King of Spain and founded the Spanish Habsburg line" and was then given from generation to generation within the Spanish Habsburg Line.. BUT as the Spanish line of the Habsburgs died out some generations later and the French Dynasty Bourbon followed at the Spanish throne they claimed that it would be now Spanish (but actually meaning from now on it´s belonging the Bourbon dynasty) but the left over Austrian Habsburg Dynasty who was the stem of their Dynasty and ruled the Holy Roman Empire said "No, it´s our family heritage and had nothing to do with Spain (=rightfully so, by the way) because it was ours ever since" = caused "War of Succession 1701-1714" and after the war it became then "The Austrian Netherlands" and remained in the Habsburg Dynasty till Napoleon showed up and took over half Europa...
@@sohopedeco Belgium was not founded as a buffer between France and the Netherlands. It was created when the Catholic south had a revolution, supported by France, to break away from the Protestant north.
Those lands came to Charles V from the Burgundian side, and were therefore quite autonomous and only nominally part of HRE (Holy Roman Empire aka Germany), also before the Habsburg era. In Dutch history, usually the NL are considered independent of HRE (but not integrated) after 1018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vlaardingen Note that several regions (Like Holland, Frisia and Zeeland) were usually ruled by the same stadtholder, even though nominally independent. Flanders even IIRC was never part of the HRE at all, but fell on the western part of the division (like Burgundy and France). Also in early times, quite a lot of Dutch/German was spoken in northern France too. The language border migrated north over the centuries.
I´m quite certain "Germani" is a loanword the Romans adapted from the locals ...the root "Ger" means "Spear" in "Old Germanic" and "mani" means "men" basically refering to the germanic warrior class "in general" the Romans fought against.. And by the way "Old High German" was actually a regional language solely spoken in the Alpine regions therefore it is named "High" solely refering to the geographical area "the Alpine Highlands" while in the North the spoken regional German language was "Old Low German" which was a different German language in behalf of grammar + vocabulary (although both have the same direct root from Proto-Germanic") and the name is refering to the geography in the North which is lowland/flatland and is actually the direct ancester language of Modern Dutch and also had similarities with the scandinavic Norse languages but especially to how the scandinavic Danes spoke obviously in behalf of grammar and similar vocabulary... In the hilly middle of Germany the language was "Middle High German" which was basically a Hybrid language between Old High German + Old Low German where the grammar was foremost like High German but the vocabulary was also full with lots of Low German terms. Fun fact the British came up with the terms "German + Germany" only since at the 17th century but before for over 1000 years the Brits called all from the continent of the Holy Roman Empire with the Old English terms "Dutch" + "Dutchland". The change was caused by the independence of the province "Holland" in 1648 which became for the Brits a rival seapower which caused the need to start to distinguish between now 2 political entities = the new founded Republic of Holland which was their rival for their spice trade and which the Brits continued to call "Dutch" + the H.R.E. which wasn´t and from now on called "Germans" because due to the H.R.E ´s close connection with the Pope in Rome it made sense to take from now on a Latin term And all countries who took over the term "Allemange, and similar" did that as French/Old French was the actual "lingua franca" while all countries who took over "Germany, and similar" did that as English then English became "lingua franca" which it is till today. All "Germanic countries" unless the Brits are calling Germany "Deutschland" in their native tongue. Italy obviously never changed the Latin term, but took over the germanic loanword " þeudisk" (= meaning "of the people") from the Germanic Overlords (= Goths + Lombards) who refered themselves as þeudisk /of the people (=basically as "being German") and latinized it into "theodiscus" which became in Modern Italian "tedesco" for "being German"
In Slovenia Italy used to be called "Laško" and Italians "Lahi" which is similar. It was somewhat derogatory term tho mostly used for Italian soldiers during our wars and occupations of Slovene territory. After ww2 that term became archaic and now noone really use it anymore in everyday life
Portugal has a very interesting exonym in some Balkan countries and the Middle East. It's called "Portokáli" and similar words, which is the same word for orange (the fruit) because of Portuguese traders spreading the fruit to the region
@gawkthimm6030 er prøjsere, et nedsættende ord for tyskere, virkelig et slang? Den Danske Ordbog, ddo, nævner intet om at det er et slang. Undskyld hvis jeg lød/lyder sur eller nedsættende
Sometimes, Endonym and Exonym are drawing from the same root, and just have developed differently. Naples and Napoli both go back to Greek Nea Polis = New Town. Cologne and Köln both go back to Latin Colonia Agrippina = Colony of Agrippa.
Old English had the word "þēode" for 'people/nation' (it appears in the Lord of the Rings as the name of King Theoden), related to the "diut" word on the continent. If the Old English word had survived to modern English, it would be something like "theed" today. Since "deutsch" and "tysk" are derived from the ancient adjective form "thiudisk", that same form could have survived into modern English as "theedish", "theedsh", or "theetch". Thus, an English name for Germany parallel to Deutschland/Duitsland/Tyskland could be "Theetchland".
*Russians were also originally calling Germany as 💥"Niemcy" like other Slavic nations.* However, around Catherine the Great times Muscovy changed name to "Germanija" (Catherine the Great was of German descent). *Bulgaria and Macedonia got name "Germanija" from Russian language in 19. century* as part of Bulgarian language revival (removing Turkish influences after Ottoman rule). 👨🎓 Name 💥"Niemcy" was created before 5. century during contacts of different Germanic tribes with Slavs living in Polesia and Ukraine. *All Slavic nations were using it originally.* Greeks (Byzantines) and Romanians also used similar name to "Niemcy" for long time.
it is still commonly used in romanian ("neamț", "nemțesc", etc ). although it's a little bit more informal than "german". in russian it's used even more - the name for the people (and derivatives) it's still "niemcy"
im Belarusian. our language, Belarusian, has been heavily russified during the soviet era. in 1933 the government imposed a language reform, intended specifically to bring Belarusian closer to Russian. ever since then we've got two language standards, the official one called narkamaŭka, which derives from the reformed version of the language and the only one you will see in the streets, newspapers, TV etc in Belarus; and the unofficial one called taraškievica, which derives from the pre-reform language and used mainly in the diaspora and rarely by the particularly "nationally-aware" (idk how to call it better) people in Belarus. narkamaŭka borrowed "Hiermanija" from Russian (in Belarusian g → h is a regular change), and in taraškievica it's the traditional "Niamieččyna", although the latter is not unheard of in more official contexts as well, but still very rare. i am so frustrated about you just skipping over that "Nimtsätä" in the southern corner of Russia!!! googling this word has only brought me back to this map, no original sources mentioned anywhere. is the language Kalmyk? judging from the area coloured it should be, but i tried finding a wikipedia article for "Germany" in Kalmyk and it seems to be using a completely different word, which still looks like it might be related to *němьcь though. there's no translation on wiktionary as well, nevermind the etymology. how tf did it even get there??? it could be such a fascinating story that no one seems to have ever done research on
In Icelandic, the country is callef Þýskaland, but germans Þjóðverjar. Which kind of means: ‘Country people’, which is kind of confusing. I don’t get why germans specifically are called that. Its literal translation is -Verjar = people, -Þjóð: Country or state.
Theory which came to my mind: when Iceland was settled the region we know as Germany today was not one country but very many small countries ruled independently. Maybe the old Nordic people referred to this bunch of different countries as there was not one term which fitted them all 🤔
@@einindividuum5428 true. The name was probably coined in the Late 17th or early 18th by some Icelandic scholar. since Icelandic tends to be very literal. It wouldn’t suprise me that the word Þjóðverjaland was just a general term for “That one, State country.” Almost all Icelandic words are direct like that.
They probably changed it to respect Greeks, but I may be wrong about it. I looked from Norwegian Wikipedia and it says they changed it to make their language having less Danish imported words.
Funfact: while in germany we call Greece "Griechenland" colloquially the official name ist "Hellenische Republik" meaning "Hellenic Republic" which is as far as I'm aware also a term used by many english speaking countries.
You asked for pronounciation correction: Tyskland is not pronounced Tiskland. To make the Y, put your lips as if you were going to say U. Then inside your mouth (still keeping the U mouth) say the letter I. Now you have said the letter Y. Which is, by the way, also exactly how German ü is pronounced.
You used Japan as an example of a "completely unrelated" exonym, but it IS, actually, just a corruption of "Nippon" (which is how the Japanese themselves prononuced Nihon at the time of European Medieval era).
To make things more complicated, as of the 17th Century, in English German was referred to as “high Dutch” and “het Nederlands” as “low Dutch.” Both terms were based on Deutsch, the German name for German. Since then, the Deutsch language was re-named (in English, not in German) after the Germani tribes. Dutch remains the English term for “het Nederlands.”
A good friend moved to Amsterdam a few years back; today she just happened to explain to me that the "ui" dipthong in Dutch matches what "ou" usually sounds like in English. So Duitsland doesn't sound like "Do-EATS-land" at all, but way more like "DOUBTS-land"
The same origin for the word Barbarian is also used for Berber. Supposedly that's the way they sounded to the Romans, "ber ber" while the Germanic tribes sounded more like "bar bar." I have never heard an Amazigh speaking so I don't know how it sounds, neither I do pre-Medieval Northern European languages.
The ancient Greeks called the allophones barbarians from bar bar as their language sounded to them and then the Romans took it. and they called all non-Greek barbarians
As a Latvian, I was heartily amused by the way you pronounced the words in Latvian. :) But kudos for trying, our ancient gods know this isn't the easiest language 😀
Being a German, we grow up learning that the Word Germans (Germanen) comes from the Spears said Tribes used in Combat. These Spears were called "Ger", and manen is the old Suffix for People. So the Germans were "Spear People". That's at least the Explanation they teach us Germans at School
@@xidezzz5377 i know very well that Etymology has been proven this a Myth, but you still hear it, and they even told us that at School back in the 1990s.
@@HopeeInk ich weiß natürlich dass diese Erklärung ein widerlegter Mythos ist, aber uns hat man das in den 90ern in der Grundschule im Heimat und Sachkunde Unterricht genauso erklärt.
@@xidezzz5377They teach us that in School.Sie sollten nicht jemanden einer Lüge oder eines Irrtums bezichtigen,nur weil er/sie etwas behauptet das Sie nicht bestätigen können.Uns/us/,meinen Mitschülern und mir ,wurde es ,evtl.in einem anderen Bundesland als jenem in dem Sie zur Schule gingen,genauso gelehrt wie dem Kommentator.
In Samogitia (that region who was the last in Europe and Lithuania in accepting Christianity) here is a joke about Germans. That the name came from when Samogitian saw German knight with metal armour and was more than surprised and told loudly „VO KIETS“. „Vo“ is short word used as „look at this“ or just „look“ as trying to get someones attention to something, and kiets is kietas in shorter ethnic form. Kietas means hard, strong (as material), sometimes as man defining how strong, tough or also used as „cool“ (guy). For example movies „Die hard“ were translated here as „Kietas riešutėlis“ (Tough/strong/hard peanut as referring to Bruce Willis as hard peanut who cannot be crushed). So samogitian basically said “Look, (at this) hard/strong (guy)“
You’re right when you say that in Romania we call Germany Germania via the Romance language link, but as I’ve noticed a lot of people say in the comments, it changes when we refer to Germans (as in “I like Germans) to the Slavic version of the world, nemți
Týr is the Norse equivalent to Mars/Ares (war). Týr is where we get the word “Tuesday,” which is Mars-day and named after the Mars equivalent in all Indo-European cultures. Týr is also associated with the word “thing” which is how the German word for Tuesday, Dienstag, is derived. Western Germanic Peoples are said to descend from Týr (Tiwaz/Tui/Tiw). Týr’s son was Tuisto (or Tuisco/Tiwisko meaning “son of Tui). The name Tuisto is also given as Tuitsch or Teutsch (origin of Deutsch). Later theories speculated that Tuisto is the one who led the Germans from the incident of the Tower of Babel into Europe and/or Ashkenaz himself, son of Gomer, grandson of Noah. Tuisto was the father of Mannus (Alanus), who in turn had three sons, the offspring of whom were referred to as Ingaevones (Angles, Chauci, Saxons, and Jutes), Herminones (Suebi, Hermunduri, Chatti, and Cherusci) and Istaevones (least defined - “who join up to the Rhine” - likely includes the Franks). The succession of father-son-three sons parallels occurs in Germanic and other Indo-European peoples.
@@budapestkeletistationvoices Yes, I know. This is why I wrote, “Týr is where we get the word “Tuesday,” which is Mars-day and named after the Mars equivalent in all Indo-European cultures.” French and Spanish are Romance languages, which are Indo-European in origin.
"Herrmann" is an occasional given name, "Mann" means man and "Herr" means lord or mister. However, Rome isn't Russia, and I think at least one historical Herrmann was called "Arminius" by the Romans as opposed to something like "Germanius"
"Germani" is stunningly close to "Wermann", an old Germanic way of saying "male", which also works for etymology of "Allemänner" - all the men. Soooo, there's that as a possibility.
0:27 ??? This map is weird. How is "Austria" not related to "Österreich", and how is "Croatia" not related to "Hrvatska"? Or even, how is "Japan" unrelated to "日本" ? If those don't fit whatever definition they have for "related", then by extension, "Sweden" and "Sverige" shouldn't be related either, I'd say.
"Austria" from Latin is like "south land", while "Österreich" from German literally means "east reich"; "Japan" is far from the pronunciation (Nippon) and the meaning (place of sunrise) of "日本"
@@ryan175lcr7 Except "Austria" is actually a latinisation of the German name, and is not derived from the Latin word for "south" (unlike Australia). I mean, think about it. Why would Latin, of all languages, coin the term "south land" for Austria, of all places? The word is not an English invention. "Japan" ultimately comes from Hokkien 日本 (jit-pún), and while the pronunciation is different, we can argue that's just an artifact of how Chinese characters are used and pronounced in East Asia. The term 日本 in general seems to have been coined by a Japanese prince. It's about as connected as "Sweden" is to "Sverige" if you ask me. They should be the same color on the map. Again, my criticism is, what do they even mean by "related"? If it's how close the pronunciation is, then "Sweden" should be out. If it's the actual origin of the English name, then "Austria" should be included. If it's common origin between the English name and the endonym, then "Japan" should be included. If it's about the meaning, then "Montenegro" should be included. As it stands, no definition of "related" works with this map.
In Romanian, while we do say Germania for the country and German for the person, we also say Neamț for the person as well, but we don't have the equivalent for the country, or at least not that I know of, it may have been falling out of use during the relatinisation of romanian. One more anecdote is that we have a city called Târgul Neamț, which as you might guess it has something to do with germans, it's literally "German marketplace" or something to that effect. That's cause germans came to romania and there were multiple minorities of them all over romania and for the monarchy, we also chose germans because our own rulers were meh at some point, and germans were just better (well at least that's how I like to think that since I didn't learn that much romanian history).
You should do the origins of the name Italy since Italy was formed as a result of the unification of the multiple states inc Savoia, Lazio/Rome, Veneto, etc. great vid bud as always!! ❤
The name of Italy is ancient. Remember crossing the Rubicon. It was the border between Italy and the Cisalpine Gaul. Soon after that the Cisalpine Gaul was incorporated into Italy giving it its current borders.
He is soo knowlegble and you have a clam voice which gives meaning to what you are saying. Your one of the best istorical channel i am subscried to.LOVE YOUR VIDS AND KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK!!!
@@DavidLimofLimReport In Italian, Munich is called "Monaco di Baviera". It sounds like it's a city with casinoes and millionaires with yatches in Southern Germany. 😂
8:34 It's interesting how the countries that use the Roman term "Germania" mostly correspond to the countries that the byzantine (Eastern Roman) empire influenced the most. (Apart from Italy and british isles).
The Slavic ‘ones that couldn’t talk’ is best translated as ‘barbarians’, as the word barbarians was applied by the Greeks to the ‘ones that couldn’t talk’ (I.e., ones that couldn’t speak Greek.’
In Switzerland Germans are sometimes also called "Schwaabe" (Svabians), it's meant in a derogatory way (Swabians are the next neighbours to us Allemanians). Still nicer then the also common "Gummihals" though (rubber neck)
Hey, Dutch guy here. Isn't Belanda to do with "white" somehow? I heard the name in conjunction with stories about Africans ending up in Indonesia, before. But I never understood the origin completely.
@@DaanHoogland So I searched it and basically the natives of Indonesia would pronouce Netherlands as Wolunda or Walanda and when it was standardized into Malay it became Belanda
A good video, as always. You say, that Alemania is from the name of a tribe. Which is true in a way, that there was a tribe called "die Alemannen". But this might already be an exonym. I have heard the theory (which sounds logical to me), that the name is from "Alle Mann!", which is some kind of battle-call. It means something like "All Men (fight with full power, and no one tries to escape)".
Vokietija - Vuokitéjé - Vuoceja - Vācija. Love how the names in the minority language show the language continuum between Vokietija and Vacija. Perfect morf.
it's funny because what I caught around the Slavic ones was you saying var-EYE-ants, instead of VAR-ee-ants (pronunciation of the word "variants" ..like variable not like variety) .. respectfully! I'm a big fan. Keep it up 😊
Je viens de tomber sur votre vidéo avec le titre en anglais où le mot « exonym » a capturé mon attention. Il s’avère que je connais pas ce mot en français non plus. Merci pour cette mini leçon!
Saksa as Finnish/Estonian for Germany is kind of interesting since Saxons are ultimately the origin of the Irish and Scots Gaelic words for England too.
Hi, Dutchman here! "Duitsland" has the letter combination "ui," which is like the English "ow" except you keep your lips close instead of widen your mouth.
I'm also Dutch, but I think "ui" is pronounced more like or "əy" or "əw" (depending on your regional accent), where "ə" is the schwa (mid central vowel).
Norwegian here: Grekenland (greh-ken-land) was used till 1932, but often used in other languages (old norse: Grikkland, Swedish: Grekland, German: Greichenland). Now we use Hellas (heh-lass).
Japanese call England "Igirisu", which is their phonetic for "English". Mainly because they have trouble understanding that the name of a place and the name of their people are different concepts. They make the name of the people adding "-jin" to the name of the nation. Back in the day, they must have asked the English about their place of origin and they must have answered "We are English", and they probably interpreted it as "English" being the name of the nation, not the people. It's weird. Similar with Germany, the nation is called "Doitsu", which is their phonetic for "Deutsch", which is the adjectival form for the people. Deutschland is the land of the Deutsch people, but they use the person instead of the nation.
In Low German, we call Croatians "Krabaten". Probably the people in Mecklenburg were the first Low German speakers who regularly got in touch with Wallenstein's Croatian mercenaries around 1628 AD.
Most of the world calls Poland with variations of this exonym. But I think a couple countries like Hungary, Lithuania and maybe Turkey refer to it using exonym derived from the word "Lechia" which is the ancient name of Poland. Allso a reference to myth of three brothers :ech, Czech and Rus
Not countries per se but cities, all while keeping this in Germany: the cities of Regensburg and Aachen are called _Ratisbona_ and _Aquisgrán_ in Spanish and are derived from the Latin _Ratisbona_ and _Aquisgranum_ respectively. Ratisbona is also used in Italian and Portuguese, whereas it's been historically known as _Ratisbon_ in English.
német - ‘tömegében Németországban élő germán nép; ennek nyelve, ennek tagja’; ‘‹melléknévként› e népre, nyelvre vonatkozó’. Származékai: németes, németesít, németesség, németség. Szláv eredetű szó: szerb-horvát Nemac, szlovén, szlovák Nemec (‘német’). Az ősszláv nemac töve azonos néma szavunk előzményével, s eredeti jelentése ‘nem szláv’, ‘érthetetlen nyelvet beszélő’ volt (hasonlóan a barbár szó eredetéhez), s csak utóbb rögződött mint a germánság megnevezése. A magyarba a fenti nyelvek bármelyike közvetíthette a szót, mégpedig igen korán, amikor nyelvünkből még hiányzott a c hang, s t-vel helyettesítették.
As a Bulgarian, i can say that we use Германия (Germanija/Germaniya) when refering to the country but we call them Немци (Nemtsi) to refer to the people
*Do you know of any other countries that have such a wide variety of Exonyms?*
Usa
Not quite as many, but China has a few. It’s native name is “Zhongguo”, “Middle Kingdom” (or “Middle Country”); we call it “China”, probably derived from the Qin Dynasty; the Ancient Greeks called it “Seres”, “Land of Silk”; while the Russians (and I think other Slavic language speakers) call it “Kitai” after the Kihtan tribe (also believed to be the origin of the poetic English name “Cathay”.)
@@laowaiinshanghai7708
Only Russians, and East Slavic use "Kitaj" on China.
For exaple in Polish China is simply "Chiny".
But in Polish we have simillar word to russian "Kitaj" - "Kitajec" - but this is a slur word used on asian people.
Sverige has a lot of exonyms: Sweden, Schweden, Suède, Routsi, Svíþjóð, Svezia, İsveç etc...
Suggestion for a video: Which countries doesn't have any exonym? Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and Liechtenstein comes to mind and also probably Panama and Canada. The spelling Kanada is used in some languages but the pronunciation is the same so there's no significant difference there.
@@CB-fn3me Panama and Canada are questionable at best
Even though both names are derived from indigenous words, they are not derived from the name of their country.
Canada comes from the iroquoi word for settlement, Panama just means lots of fish and refered to a native fishing village.
Country (in the way europeans use the word) was an unknown concept for the locals that lived there before europeans arrived.
In Italian, Germany is called "Germania" but we call Germans "Tedeschi", why is the term "Tedeschi" or singular "Tedesco" or feminine "Tedesca" used? Because it derives from Deutsch which would be the "language of the people" and so the population was "forced" to use the Italianized version that has become "Tedeschi" as a name for the German people and no longer "Germanici". "Germanici" is still used to refer to the ancient Germanic peoples and Germanic speakers "Germanofoni" for example "l'Austria, la Germania e la svizzera sono paesi Germanofoni" Austria, Germany and Switzerland are German-speaking countries
Super interesting!
"Tedesco" is the surname of the most famous Brazilian telenovela character of all time Nazaré Tedesco. 🇧🇷
i always thought it came from the teutons, another german tribe. but I think your explanation makes more sense.
So the German-Italian football manager Domenico Tedesco is Dominic German?
@@cass2239that was my question too 😂
In Switzerland, we sometimes humorously refer to Germany as "the big canton", as Switzerland is organised in cantons.
Funny because my teacher used to refer to Switzerland as “anderes Bundesland” 😂
Funny because, the German Part of Switzerland is 100% Alemanni.
@@HopeeInk Did your teacher used alternative name for Austria too?
@@robertab929
Probably just *"OstREICH or Ost-REICH"*
because..
*Austria..* which comes from "AusterRICHI".. which comes from "OstREICH" .. what *litteraly means "Eastern-KINGDOM"* ...
So *ÖsterREICH* ...< *östliches REICH* > .. =(Austria->AusterRICHI->OstREICH) is literally the eastern PART (REICH/Kingdom) of german(y/-speaking people)!
So Austria is basically german(y)! (its eastern REICH or part)
even when you replace the german "Ö" in english into "ea" and add an "n" (related to a location --> easterN side).. then you can see how:...
ÖsterREICH ->ÖEA -ster(n)REICH
ÖsterREICH -->Easter(n)REICH
...becomes the...
EasternREICH (of germany.)
Or
ÖsterREICH ->Öerer
@@dpunktgehpunkt5876 The divide of West Germanic area (except English language) into current states is strange. It should based on language spoken.
Dutch/Low German in the Netherlands and in half of Belgium and in north Germany. They have so similar language that they could form *1st* new state.
Frisian does not have a lot of speakers and it is diverse so it is difficult to create separate country. French part of Belgium could unify with France.
Central German is spoken in Central Germany and Luxemburg. It could be used in *2nd* new state.
Alemannic is in Switzerland and Upper West Germany. It could be *3rd* new state.
Bavarian is used in Bavaria and Austria. And both parts are Catholic. It could be *4th* German state.
So with these changes we could have 4 countries (instead of 5) with less diverse language and more similar size and population.
I am Japanese.
In Japanese, UK is called "Igirisu" and the Netherlands is called "Oranda".
Germany is referred to as "Doitsu".
Yea, Doitsu. Ohayo gozaimasu :-)
This has answered one of my questions.
So interesting that the Netherlands are called Oranda. Does it comed from their national color Orange and the ruling famille, the House of Orange (-Nassau) ?
@@raKJ444No, it is come form Japanese version of 'holland' thus 'oranda'.
Adding more fun fact: this form of 'holland' is also exist in Malaysian and Indonesian version that is 'belanda'.
@@raKJ444 Afaik in japanese the "R" is often pronounced as "L", so maybe it refers to "Holland"?
Hello, German historian here. Something that you could've mentioned in the video was the fact that "Germany" (Deutschland) only became a united country in 1871 and until 1806 was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Until the 16th century there isn't even an appearance of a collective noun for those living in these lands used by the people themselves. And even then, it is an abstract concept at first that is explored by humanists and philosophers (and they dabbled in Tacitus a lot...) before it becomes more widely accept in the populace. To this day, individual peoples such as the Bavarians or the Swabians generally feel related to their people first and German second. That way, all languages that refer to Germany adopted this term in modern times as you explained for English. And that would also count for the Italians. There is no continuation of the word "Germania" from Roman times (just as there is no direct continuation from Romans to Italians), they (re-?)adopt the term as well. It's therefore not surprising that collective terms for Germans, such as Tedeschi in Italian, were used *before* Germans had a collective noun for themselves.
Secondo me,non è del tutto corretto quello che Lei afferma. È vero che l' Italia ( come Stato Italiano) esiste solo dal 1861, ma l' ITALIA, come territorio,non ha cambiato mai nome e gli italiani si autodefinivano e venivano definiti Italici. Basta vedere quanto è successo in Italia per scongiurare l' invasione da parte degli Ottomani. Oppure con " LA DISFIDA DI BARLETTA".
Quello che Lei asserisce non è del tutto corretto, mi riferisco a ciò che riguarda l'Italia:
L'Italia si è sempre chiamata Italia e gli Italici ( poi italiani) si sono sentiti sempre tali. Basata leggere Petrarca, Dante Alighieri, Machiavelli etc. etc. Oppure basta guardare ciò che hanno fatto gli italiani per scongiurare l'invasione dell'Italia da parte degli Ottomani, la Disfida di Barletta , la Lega lombarda e molto altro ancora. Dunque dovrebbe rivedere le Sue " certezze" . Ha mai sentito parlare della LEGA ITALICA, quando Roma era ancora repubblica, prima che diventasse imperiale? Non voglio dilungarmi oltre . La saluto.
This is probably the reason why Germany has so many exonyms. If there is no overshadowing endonym available, everyone makes up his own word.
There´s from the 10th Century onwards the Latin Title of the "Rex Germanorum" as one of the four subdivisions of what was originally called the "Imperium Romanum" (9th
Century), Sacrum Imperium Romanum (12th Century) and "Sacrum Imperium Romanum Nationae Germaniae" (15th Century). The Territory what the "Rex Germanorum" ruled was the Territory northern of the Alps with the exception of Bohemia, which had its own "Rex" = King. The other two Kings were the "Rex Romanorum, which ruled the Territories south of the Alps and the "Rex Burgundorum" (not to mix up with the later Duchy of Bourgogne), which ruled the rest. The "Rex Burgundorum" disappeared later, but the three other "Kingdoms" remained at least pro forma until the dissolution in 1806.
The main point here: This "Rex Germanorum" shows that there must have been a definition that these Territories had something in common what made it senseful to put it into the Title of its Ruler.
The term "deutsch"/ "Deutschland" was indeed introduced through the Humanists and until the 18th Century it was often written "teutsch"/ "Teutschland", too. Only since then the today used term with a "d" was established. But in the early 16th Century the existence of a "deutsche Nation" = "German Nation" was at least in the "educated classes" a well established concept, allthough it had no relevance for the territorial organization of Power, one famous example is Martin Luther`s programatic writing: "An den christlichen Adel teutscher Nation" = "To the Christian Aristocracy of the German Nation".
@@NicolaW72 That's a good one! Though I'd argue that "rex germanorum" is directly derived from classical latin sources (such as Caesar) and meant to describe "Germania" (or the Germani) as a Roman-defined territorial entity (or people) to historically legitimize the title rather than a reference to the people(s) and territory at the time. Just like the "emperor romanorum".
While the country Germany is 'Germaniya' (Германия) in Russian, for Germans (=people) and German (=adjective) we use 'nemci' (немцы) and 'nemeckiy' (немецкий) like in other slavic languages.
In Italian, Germany is Germania, but the Germans are tedesco.
Same in Bulgarian
This is because "Germany" as a country is a modern concept that came to existence in the 16th century (and Germany as a country was first formed in 1871), but countries all around what was then the Holy Roman Empire had their collective nouns for the different peoples that roughly spoke the same language in these lands.
@@marcuskastner3756 It is more complicated. There was already a German state with the HRE. After the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the north split off and fell apart. There is a gap and Austria is the only German state worth mentioning. But it does not call itself Germany. Instead, it keeps its regional name from the HRE. When the idea of the nation state emerges, there is no state in the German-speaking area that can adopt the concept. Prussia is then able to bind its satellite states to itself with the help of nationalism in 1871 and establish a new nation state that claims to represent all Germans. However, large areas of the HRE are missing. The Second Reich simultaneously unites the majority of the German-speaking population. These different phases can apparently be found in the Russian language.
@@Mischnikvideos Things are always more complicated than can be put in a single YT comment. ;-)
But I wouldn't call the HRE a "German state", that would be misleading, especially when you go back to its origins (both in the definitions of "state" and "German"). I wrote that Germany as a concept for a united people and country started in the 16th century (or late 15th century) and I stand by that. The term was first explored by humanists and then became a political entity by the Habsburgs under Maximilian.
What needs to be further mentioned is the movement of 1848 and the theory of a "kleindeutsche" and "großdeutsche" solution for creating a German state with the "bigger" solution including Austria while the "smaller" one includes Prussia. But this was more a matter of who was having power in the end.
The supposed continuation of the "Reiche" is a Nazi thing btw. The Prussians didn't call the German Empire the "Second Reich" and there was no emphasis on continuing the Holy Roman Empire in the German nationbuilding under the Prussians, because that would have given the Habsburgs and Austria a claim to it.
Fun fact from Germany: the slavs call us "Niemzy", it means "The mute ones". And Slavs, or "Словене" means "The speaking ones". 😅
The mute ones, not deaf. But yeah slavs (slovani) means the ones using words (speaking ones).
the somewhat old meaning is: the ones who [can] use intelligible words and the ones who cannot and are therefore considered 'mute'. to sum it up into modern lingu: the ones who use our native language and the ones who use a foreign language we cannot understand. 😉
@@embreis2257thank you.
Niemzy heißt , die Stummen und nicht die Tauben.
If we spell it in German, then it's more like Nemzy (as the 'ie' diphthong is read like 'i' in German)
My favorite exonym is knowing Portugal in Swahilli is called Ureno after "o Reino de Portugal" ("the Kingdom of Portugal").
Did they not get the memo? Portugal is a republic..
@@leekelly9639wasn’t always
@@leekelly9639 Not in the 16th century.
@@leekelly9639Worse than that. In Portugal, it is illegal to be a monarchist! Using that name in Portugal could see one trialed for treason.
@@Ggdivhjkjl Is it? I've never heard of it, and I live in Portugal. There is even a monarchist party, which is one of the parties that is part of the coalition that is currently in government.
Interesingly, Austria also shared exonyms with Germany, in a pattern that could be called “Cross-exonyms”:
- In Arabic, just Austria is called “Nimsa” - borrowed from the Slavic exonym for Germany - while Germany proper is called “Almanya”.
And the following is about demonyms, but still a form of endonyms/exonyms:
- In Alsatian (the Alemannic vernacular spoken west of the Rhine in a region marked by historic ties with France), Alsatians call themselves “Diitschi” - a vernacular version of “Deutsche” - while referring to Germans from anywhere across the Rhine as “Schwoowe” (meaning “Swabians”)
In Venetian Language, more than just using Todeschi for Germans as in Italian we also use Todeschia for Germany, with the same origin.
@@AndreaLunardonEvery time I see the word "Swabian", I imagine them as people cleaning their ears with cotton swabs. 😅
@@sohopedeco swabia is a sub region of Bavaria with Augsburg being its biggest city
@@eizzah8323 That part of Bavaria is the only one where the name of Swabia is still used for a political entity, but is only the eastern part of Swabia. The biggest part of Swabia is located in Baden-Württemberg. In addition it needs to be mentioned that over time the extend of what was called Swabia changed. The duchy of Swabia of the Holy Roman Empire (about 1000 years ago) included for example Alsace, parts of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Austria, Switzerland and Italy. Later then the Circle of Swabia (still Holy Roman Empire) was created but was reduced in size compared to the old duchy and only consisted of parts of Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Austria. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire the name was no longer used for a political entity beside the part of Swabia that ended up in Bavaria.
@@patrickm3981Die Bezeichnung für die "politische Einheit" (die eine Verwaltungseinheit ist) ist Regierungsbezirk. The term for the "political unit" (which is an administrative unit) is Regierungsbezirk.
English also used an Anglicized version of the word “Deutsch” like the other Germanic languages, and in fact it still does - Dutch.
As the modern Dutch and Germans drifted apart, English kept using Dutch for the ones they interacted with more often, and adopted German for the people farther afield.
Same as the Dutch people in the US, which are actually of German heritage :)
It would mostly likely have been the Latinised version: teutons.
@@leod-sigefast No. "Teutones" is a 2150 year old term, even older than "Germania". Dutch and Deutsch comes from Theotiscus and words spelled similarly. Versions of this with ethnic meanings have been attested for no more than 1300 years so roughly 1000 years less than Teuton.
For the slavic exonym, it is opposite to the Slavic ethnoym - slované slavjani etc. - which meanins people of the word (slovo). We, the people of the word can speak and they can not (not in a way we understand at least) thus they are mutes.
👑👑
Interestingly in Scotland we called the English ‘Sassenachs’ which meant Saxons.
Same in Ireland as the Irish Gaelic word for England is Shasana
Makes sense! England was the target of a lot of migrations by Saxons from Germany, along with Angles and some Frisians. Who joined up with the Britons, which had already mixed with some Romans. And a few centuries later that mix had the Danes added to it, and then the Normans (who had Viking heritage themselves). The ethnic background of England 'natives' is really interesting.
@@General.Knowledge I agree.
@@General.Knowledge wait, are saying that the English people are a mix of Germanic, Celtic and Roman peoples? This kinda sounds like the Germans, who are also a mix of the three (although Celts and Romans in much smaller quantities and many Slavs instead)
In Australian slang, the English are generally referred to as the "Poms", and an English person is a "Pom". The best part is that, as far as I can tell, nobody really knows why.
There seems to be a thought that it comes from rhyming slang, with "pomegranate" supposedly being rhymed with "immigrant", but the problem with that theory is that those two words don't actually rhyme. For this theory to be true, the pronunciation of "pomegranate" would have to have shifted in the past 120 or so years (ie since the term Pom first shows up in the written record), in a way that is apparently otherwise undocumented and in a direction that would be unusual for English (the language, not the people). So I'm not sure I buy this explanation.
So basically, we've come up with a name for the English and we don't really know why, but it stuck.
There is this anecdote in Lithuanian, that when the Lithuanian pagans fought the Teutonic order, they hit the German teutons on their heads but the Germans (wearing metal helmets) didn’t collapse but instead, kept on fighting. the Lithuanians exclaimed “vo kiets!” Meaning something like “what a tough/hard one!”
Great video! Greetings from Suomi! ☺
The Estonian version of the name just adds "maa" at the end, which means "land". So it's basically "Land of the Saxons".
By the way, about Moomins, the creatures that kind of look like white hippos are called Moomins (or "Muumit" in Finnish). The specific Moomin on that mug is called "Muumipappa", who is the father of the Moomin family. The other main characters that are Moomins are "Muumipeikko" (the boy), "Niiskuneiti" (the girl), "Muumimamma" (the mom).
Also, I've followed your channel for a while, and I think you deciding to show your face in the videos was a good decision. It adds character and recognisability :)
I was looking for a comment like this haha
Såklart nämner Finnen mumin
Eestiläiset vaan sanovat sen olevan Saksalaisten maa. Saksalaisethan itsekin sanot Deutschland eli lisäävät sanan maa perään. Kävi kai järkeen sanoa heidän maansa nimi niin.
The boy moomi in Estonain is called Muumitroll, the girl is called either Piripiiga or Tusklikupreili (depends on the translation). The father and mother have the same name as Finnish.
I agree totally.
In Polish lauange we also have alternative word for Germans - "Szwaby". It's a slur word for German, but this word has interesing roots is originated from Swabia (in polish "Szwabia") - a region in south Germany where the Aleman tribes was living.
There is also a second slur word for Germany ,,Szkop '' and it has two roots one Skop - castrated ram or for German bowl name .
Y’all have a slur world for the entire country 😂 daamn the hatred runs deep, which is lowkey understandable 😂
@@HopeeInkI mean, we have alternative, slur words for number of countries
@Jfk2Mr , so true but in case of Germany I would say this situation is special in amount of that 😅
@@jakubkosz1009 *case of Germany and Russia
I am Dutch and went backpacking in southern Brazil. There I crossed a big river to Argentina. However, in Argentina I was stopped by the military police. Firstly because no tourists ever passed this small border post. And secondly they thought my passport was fake. Because they had never seen an EU passport and in my passport it says Kingdom of the Netherlands. And they could not find 'Netherlands' in their computer system. After some discussion they found out that it is 'Países Baixos'.
That's funny! It's a literal translation of 'Low Countries' which I guess is the same as Netherlands
« Pays Bas » en français
funny because Argentina plays Nederlands in every football world cup
@@helloahla239 Here in Argentina a lot of people say 'Holanda' (Holland) instead of 'Países Bajos' (Low Countries) when they mean the Netherlands, and even though the word 'neerlandés' exists in spanish, 95% of people or more use 'holandés'.
@@parmentier7457 It would have helped if it said "Holland", given "Holanda" is the name most Brazilians know and use. 😂
"Países Baixos" is a bit ambiguous as you may mean three Benelux countries at the same time with that phrase.
I find interesting that in Armenian language Armenia is Hayastan and Georgia is Vrastan, while in Georgian language Armenia is Somkheti and Georgia itself is Sakartvelo. :)
Vrastan is most likely derived from Iberia when georgia was still called that
And the president of Italy is called Georgia. Go figure. 😂
@@sohopedecoNo?
In Serbia, it's still common to hear people calling Germans "Svabe", which is derived from Danube Swabians who had large population in Pannonian regions. It is fair to point out that term is mostly used as a pejorative because of a, let's say, complicated history between the two groups.
Yeah, in Poland we have "Szwab" for the same reason.
It's funny because the Swiss call them that too. Schwoob 😅
And why is the term considered pejorative? Given it's just the name of a tribe.
@@kkyrezis The main reason (I think) is because it was often used as a nickname for German soldiers during WW2, which is likely where negative context comes from. Also, surprisingly, many people who use it don't know that Swabs is actually name of a German tribe, so they just use it as a mockname.
It's stupid, I know.
@@kkyrezis It could be because of intensive settlements of germanic people in medieval times in Polish lands, many of them being swabes, and it become just the local dialect name for germans, which was pefectly fine, and when our relations with Germans started deteriorate, this word gained nasty meaning in relation to all germans.
I have another theory for the origin of the name Germani for the Germans in Latin. The seax type of sword and the francisca type throwing axe are linked to the names of the Saxons and the Franks, respectively. Now the ger, also called frame by Tacitus, was a javelin used by German tribes during the migration period, but it might very well have been older, or the name might have been used for a predecessor type of javelin during Caesar's time. The ger was a status symbol of a free man for the Germanic tribes. So my theory is that the Ger- part of Germanus is referencing the javelin and the -manus part either is the Latin word for hand which would make a Germanus a javelin hand or that it is derived from the same root as the German Mann or the English man and in that case Germanus would translate to javelin man. In both cases it would account for the fact that many Germans in Gaul were mercenaries and akin to the way that viking has become an umbrella term for the Norse people from Scandinavia.
Also, I always thought that Deutsche and therefore Deutschland derived from the tribe of the Teutons (Latin Teutones), who gave the Romans a bloody hard time together with the Cimbri and the Ambrones. The Battle of Arausio in 105 BC was either the worst or 2nd worst defeat after the Battle of Cannae of the Roman Republic.
I think you have something there with "spear-man" - as a linguist, I find it plausible.
Also, "Teuton" is a Roman adaptation of either a Celtic or Germanic term, in either case meaning 'of the people' and related to "deutsch", "dutch", and "þēode". If it's Celtic, it would be related to the Gaelic word "Tuath" for 'people/nation'
As a German pupil I learned basically that in school. That "Ger" is a very old word for "spear" and like the Normans were the people (or the men) of the north, the Germans were the people (or the men) with the spears.
I used to like that idea, but at the time of Caesar or Tacitus it's unlikely that both Grammatischer Wechsel and the Germanic spirant law were already active, and you almost definitely need both to get from something like gaiza-mannaz to Germanus.
I"ve got anorher one! Im from the east of the Netherlands and we have a strong Nedersaksisch dialect here. My grandparents always called Germany de pruus, after Prussia.
Technically the prussians spoke a variant of nedersaksisch too (nederpreußisch). Its probably a later development rather than being linked to the language/dialect if i had to guess.
@@theChaosKeI think itʼs more about Prussia bordering the Netherlands after their victory in the German War.
Achterhoeker here. My grandpa said that too.
Pruusen is Germany and 'een pruus' is a german.
Edit: my grandparents only said pruusen when they were talking in lower saxon dialect. When they incidentaly spoke dutch they did say Duitsland.
The Bavarians also call the rest of Germany Preussen (prussians), to the outrage of all non-prussian germans.
In Limburg as well
In Lithuanian and Latvian languages, letters are usually pronounced as they are in the International Phonetic Alphabet (except for vowels, their sounds partially depend on where the primary stress is put). I find that quite interesting since I haven't heard of many other languages like this
Stress in Russian is changing vowels too. Example is word молоко.
At the same there is nothing like that in Polish or Ukrainian.
Watch "How to read Polish or something" video. You will be surprised.
Historically, in Belarusian and Ukranian languages, the word Niameččyna was used. However, the word was changed in the 1930s to Hermania by Soviets in the midst of rusification process.
In the 1990s, the situation changed, and so did the languages. Ukraine returned the term Niameččyna, while in Belarus two names exist parallelly now. Interestingly, the older generation of Belarussian speakers tend to use the soviet version, while the younger generation tries to sound more authientic and mostly uses Niameččyna
In Ukrainian it's "Nimeččyna", without "a".
bulbarus should be part of Russia again!
@@Oberschutzee no. Also russia shouldn't exist
@@PUARockstar Yes! And you should not exist either
@@PUARockstar we found a fascist!
A lovely smile at the end.
Did you like it? 😏
17:15 this exonym is not for a country, but in fact a city - Lviv (Львів in Ukrainian) in Western Ukraine. Pretty much every language (from the ones I checked) uses a variant of "Lviv" or "Lvov", but in Silesian (a Slavic language on the borderlands of Poland and the Czech Republic which was also influenced by German for a few centuries) the city is called "Lymberg" - deriving from how the city was called in German during the times of Habsburg rule (Lemberg). As far as I know the name "Lemberg" is being dropped in German as well in favour of "Lwiw", so because of that "Lymberg" is pretty unique to Silesian
The older german name of "leonburg" is a bit closer to the slavic names (leon and lviv being variations of lion and burg just meaning castle).
Same in Polish "Lwów". City of lions
No, the name Lemberg is still in use in German.
@@Nikioko No, it isn’t. Political correctness and modern agendas don’t want Germans to use German place names for non-German (or even former German) places. We just recently had “Belarus” (for Belarusia) forced onto us, the entire country used to be referred to as “Weißrussland” not even a decade ago. Transylvania used to be known as “Siebenbürgen” as well, some still do call it that, but it’s not “proper” now. Try calling “Kaliningrad” by its rightful name, “Königsberg”, in an open discussion with representatives from the left, they’d start swinging the Nazi-Hammer at you left and right non stop.
@@Nova-Franconia You are wrong. Lviv was called Lemberg in the Euro 2012, and everybody says Weissrussland rather than Belarus (which is a direct translation, anyway). The reason you shouldn't call Kaliningrad Konigsberg is because the latter was completely destroyed and doesn't exist any more. But what about names like Warschau, Danzig, Breslau, Krakau, Turin, Mailand, Venedig, Florenz, Strassburg, etc.?
Very cool video! Greetings from Germany 👍
Danke!
While the Arabs use the name Almania for Germany, they use the name Nimsa for Austria; which they probably got through the contact of the Muslim world with the Balkan region.
Turks use Avusturya specifically for Austria and Hollanda for the Netherlands. Nimsa seems interesting I have never heard of it before
We used to call Austria Nemçe and Germans in general Nemçeli as the Habsburg dynasty was the primary germanic state we dealt with until 1800s when Germany started to exist as a unified entity in European politics, then we adopted the French name Almanya as French language was predominant in Turkish upper class and world diplomacy in general.
The Turkic languages in central asia still use as such.
Probably we adopted Nemçe from our Slavic neighbors in the Balkans and forwarded it to the rest of the Islamic and Turkic world late 14th and early 15th century.
@@barsozuguler4300Der Old Shatterhand des Karl May (nicht zu verwechseln mit dem der unsäglichen Karl-May-Filme) heißt im Orient, also im Sudan, in Tunesien, Albanien, Kurdistan, Bulgarien, Persien und was damals sonst zum verrottenden Osmanischen Reich gehörte, Kara ben Nemsi, und in Ersten Kapitel von "Durch die Wüste" erklären er und die Fußnoten das auch. (Durch die Wüste ist der erste Band des sechsbändigen Zyklus "Im Schatten des Großherrn"). Karl May's Old Shatterhand (not to be confused with the one in the unspeakable Karl May films) is called Kara ben Nemsi in the Orient, i.e. in Sudan, Tunisia, Albania, Kurdistan, Bulgaria, Persia and whatever else belonged to the decaying Ottoman Empire at the time, and in the first chapter of "Through the Desert" he and the footnotes explain this. (Through the Desert is the first volume of the six-volume cycle "In the Shadow of the Padishah"). Karl May'in Yaşlı Shatterhand'i (Karl May'in o meşhur filmlerindekiyle karıştırılmamalıdır) Doğu'da, yani Sudan, Tunus, Arnavutluk, Kürdistan, Bulgaristan, İran ve o dönemde çürümekte olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na ait her yerde Kara ben Nemsi olarak adlandırılır ve "Çölün İçinden "in ilk bölümünde kendisi ve dipnotlar bunu açıklar. (Çölün İçinden, altı ciltlik "Ulu Tanrının Gölgesinde" serisinin ilk cildidir).
@@bulentkulkuloglusounds very likely! And very interesting, thank you for clearifying!
lithuanian and latvian pronounced as it's written without anglicizing, so it's Vo -kie-ti-ja (not dža) and Va-ci (not si) -ja and it's mostly associated with visigoths
In Finnish language "väki" meaning people och or crowed or folk....maybe som mixup..?Sounds kinda similar....
To make this easier: vo-kyeh-tee-ya and va-tsi-ya
It's interesting, since old Prussians (the Baltic ones) were first to interact with them, maybe it has come in the Baltics from them. But I definitely think it happened before Northern crusades as people were trading with Germans for some time already, at least Prussians
It’s associated with the German tribe Vandals or vendi
Romanian also has "nemți" for the people which is borrowed from the Slavic word. Funnily enough, the old Slavic word(voloh and a bunch of derivatives) for Romanians was borrowed from a Germanic language, so it went both ways kinda.
Is it true that the endonym of Principality of Wallachia was Țara Romanesca (roughly translated as Romanian/Roman kingdom)?
Interesting fact. In Polish the name of Italy ("Włochy") probably comes from the Wallachians (tribe/nation form nowadays Romania)
@@jakubkosz1009 In German (or multiple Germanic languages) a similar sounding stem "Welsch" was used for anything foreign and unknown. That is not the same as Wlachi from Romania, but it made me think of it.
So the canton Wallis in Switzerland has this name, because it was foreign to the Germanic speakers. The English called the unknown ones Wales.
Kauderwelsch is the German word for gibberish (nonsense speak).
Rotwelsch is an old word refering to Sinti and Roma languages and languages/slangs of other excluded groups.
@@Sfaxx yes, this name ("Țara Romanesca") is more of an internal/informal name. it appears in the first known document written in romanian (1521). it means "romanian land/country". in official documents and externally it was mostly called "wallachia", "terra valachorum", etc
"Germania" seems to be a neologism in romanian. i guess the old name would be something like "Țara Nemțească" (neimcy land)
In Korea, Germany is called Dogil, which sounds completely different, but it's from Japanese Doitsu, from the endonym, which was written in kanji and read as Korean.
man dogil sounds so god damn stupid
but its fun
14:05 maa is Estonian for land.
Saksa keel (German language).
Sakslane (German).
True, maa is also maa in Suomi.
Interesting to note is that although in Italian the country is called Germania the language itself is called tedesco which in turn has its origin in -latin teodisc- old germanic which means that what belongs to the folks.
Edit:
Mistakenly saw the origins in Latin.
Actually, "tedesco“ is of Germanic origin and shares its root with "deutsch".
“Todisc” is not Latin, but is medieval German - though indeed with the meaning you stated.
@@KateGladstone You're right. i mixed sth. up.
In Lithuania we actually have an anecdote about Germany’s name. So Samagotians trick Teutons to step into marshes and the knights start to sink. Then a Samagotian tries bashing Teuton’s head with a club and it bounces off the helmet with the Samagotian saying “Vo, kiets” (“Šitas kietas” this one is hard). And that’s why Lithuanians call Germany and Germans Vokietija and Vokietis.
I'm Polish and never knew that the word "Niemcy" comes from "niemy" so "mute". The world will never be the same for me
It were the Franks who were the first to use the name Allemagne, not the Gauls - those were at that point already conquered by the Franks, which produced a mixed Roman-Gaulish-Frankish culture and language. Alemannia was the first realm the Franks conquered in their East, followed by Saxony and Thurinigia; together with the lands of the Ripuarian Franks those regions then constituted the kingdom of East Francia.
And since "Dutch" is a variation of "Deutsch", it became difficult after the independence of the Netherlands to differentiate between the Dutch (or Low Franconian) spoken there and the "Deutsch" spoken in Germany, which was also a reason to call that language "German" in English.
We call "Deutschland" in Spanish, as "Alemania", as term referring to the once exisiring Germanic tribe located near the Rhine and Danube river called "Alemmani"
It's worth remembering that the Dutch and Belgiums were, historically, considered culturally (low) German, along with the Saxons until well after the 11th century. I belive that they only really became culturally separate after the succession of Charles V and the creation of the Spanish Netherlands. So the idea of a Belgium tribe which was encountered by Julius Caeser being used as the exonym for the entire area isn't as crazy as you make it sound.
@@andrewbrian7659 That makes sense. Belgium is kind of an artificial country anyway, being named after a random ancient tribe that hadn't existed for centuries before it was founded as a buffer between France and Holland.
Well the socalled "Spanish Netherlands" were actually "always Habsburg dynasty Netherlands" since Maximillian I the grandfather of Charles V inherited it with the titel Duke from the father of his wife as "marriage-portion" and it was then later given + the titel Duke to his son Philip the Handsome and then Philip´s son Charles V got it with the titel Duke from his father which happened way before Charles V became King of Spain and founded the Spanish Habsburg line" and was then given from generation to generation within the Spanish Habsburg Line..
BUT as the Spanish line of the Habsburgs died out some generations later and the French Dynasty Bourbon followed at the Spanish throne they claimed that it would be now Spanish (but actually meaning from now on it´s belonging the Bourbon dynasty) but the left over Austrian Habsburg Dynasty who was the stem of their Dynasty and ruled the Holy Roman Empire said "No, it´s our family heritage and had nothing to do with Spain (=rightfully so, by the way) because it was ours ever since" = caused "War of Succession 1701-1714" and after the war it became then "The Austrian Netherlands" and remained in the Habsburg Dynasty till Napoleon showed up and took over half Europa...
@@sohopedeco Belgium was not founded as a buffer between France and the Netherlands. It was created when the Catholic south had a revolution, supported by France, to break away from the Protestant north.
@@sans_hw187 France supported the revolution not because they had a good heart, they wanted something useful with it.
Those lands came to Charles V from the Burgundian side, and were therefore quite autonomous and only nominally part of HRE (Holy Roman Empire aka Germany), also before the Habsburg era. In Dutch history, usually the NL are considered independent of HRE (but not integrated) after 1018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vlaardingen Note that several regions (Like Holland, Frisia and Zeeland) were usually ruled by the same stadtholder, even though nominally independent. Flanders even IIRC was never part of the HRE at all, but fell on the western part of the division (like Burgundy and France). Also in early times, quite a lot of Dutch/German was spoken in northern France too. The language border migrated north over the centuries.
I´m quite certain "Germani" is a loanword the Romans adapted from the locals ...the root "Ger" means "Spear" in "Old Germanic" and "mani" means "men" basically refering to the germanic warrior class "in general" the Romans fought against..
And by the way "Old High German" was actually a regional language solely spoken in the Alpine regions therefore it is named "High" solely refering to the geographical area "the Alpine Highlands" while in the North the spoken regional German language was "Old Low German" which was a different German language in behalf of grammar + vocabulary (although both have the same direct root from Proto-Germanic") and the name is refering to the geography in the North which is lowland/flatland and is actually the direct ancester language of Modern Dutch and also had similarities with the scandinavic Norse languages but especially to how the scandinavic Danes spoke obviously in behalf of grammar and similar vocabulary...
In the hilly middle of Germany the language was "Middle High German" which was basically a Hybrid language between Old High German + Old Low German where the grammar was foremost like High German but the vocabulary was also full with lots of Low German terms.
Fun fact the British came up with the terms "German + Germany" only since at the 17th century but before for over 1000 years the Brits called all from the continent of the Holy Roman Empire with the Old English terms "Dutch" + "Dutchland". The change was caused by the independence of the province "Holland" in 1648 which became for the Brits a rival seapower which caused the need to start to distinguish between now 2 political entities = the new founded Republic of Holland which was their rival for their spice trade and which the Brits continued to call "Dutch" + the H.R.E. which wasn´t and from now on called "Germans" because due to the H.R.E ´s close connection with the Pope in Rome it made sense to take from now on a Latin term
And all countries who took over the term "Allemange, and similar" did that as French/Old French was the actual "lingua franca" while all countries who took over "Germany, and similar" did that as English then English became "lingua franca" which it is till today.
All "Germanic countries" unless the Brits are calling Germany "Deutschland" in their native tongue. Italy obviously never changed the Latin term, but took over the germanic loanword " þeudisk" (= meaning "of the people") from the Germanic Overlords (= Goths + Lombards) who refered themselves as þeudisk /of the people (=basically as "being German") and latinized it into "theodiscus" which became in Modern Italian "tedesco" for "being German"
In most of languages Italy is close to original name - Italia. However in polish is totally different - Włochy
In Slovenia Italy used to be called "Laško" and Italians "Lahi" which is similar. It was somewhat derogatory term tho mostly used for Italian soldiers during our wars and occupations of Slovene territory. After ww2 that term became archaic and now noone really use it anymore in everyday life
@@alpineanubisInteresting, because in Russian 'lahi' is an alternative word for Poles (besides 'polaki')
I found version that it comes from Wallachs (nation/tribe form nowadays Romania)
Portugal has a very interesting exonym in some Balkan countries and the Middle East. It's called "Portokáli" and similar words, which is the same word for orange (the fruit) because of Portuguese traders spreading the fruit to the region
in Denmark we also got a slang term for Prussians, that's stuck around since before German unification: Prøjsere
@gawkthimm6030 er prøjsere, et nedsættende ord for tyskere, virkelig et slang? Den Danske Ordbog, ddo, nævner intet om at det er et slang.
Undskyld hvis jeg lød/lyder sur eller nedsættende
@@DiseaseCheese tror ikke det nedsættende, men det kan da godt være et rigtigt ord nu du nævner det.
Du lød ikke sur.. :D ha en go dag
Bavarians also have a slur word for almost every German that isn't from south Germany, which derived from the Prussians: (Sau-) Preiß
@@gawkthimm6030 I lige måde :)
Hahah, projsere hört sich an wie "просрать" auf russisch. Dass heißt auf deutsch "Verkacken". Gut, dass ich aus Bayern komme 😂❤
Sometimes, Endonym and Exonym are drawing from the same root, and just have developed differently. Naples and Napoli both go back to Greek Nea Polis = New Town. Cologne and Köln both go back to Latin Colonia Agrippina = Colony of Agrippa.
Old English had the word "þēode" for 'people/nation' (it appears in the Lord of the Rings as the name of King Theoden), related to the "diut" word on the continent. If the Old English word had survived to modern English, it would be something like "theed" today. Since "deutsch" and "tysk" are derived from the ancient adjective form "thiudisk", that same form could have survived into modern English as "theedish", "theedsh", or "theetch". Thus, an English name for Germany parallel to Deutschland/Duitsland/Tyskland could be "Theetchland".
*Russians were also originally calling Germany as 💥"Niemcy" like other Slavic nations.* However, around Catherine the Great times Muscovy changed name to "Germanija" (Catherine the Great was of German descent).
*Bulgaria and Macedonia got name "Germanija" from Russian language in 19. century* as part of Bulgarian language revival (removing Turkish influences after Ottoman rule).
👨🎓 Name 💥"Niemcy" was created before 5. century during contacts of different Germanic tribes with Slavs living in Polesia and Ukraine. *All Slavic nations were using it originally.* Greeks (Byzantines) and Romanians also used similar name to "Niemcy" for long time.
it is still commonly used in romanian ("neamț", "nemțesc", etc ). although it's a little bit more informal than "german". in russian it's used even more - the name for the people (and derivatives) it's still "niemcy"
im Belarusian. our language, Belarusian, has been heavily russified during the soviet era. in 1933 the government imposed a language reform, intended specifically to bring Belarusian closer to Russian. ever since then we've got two language standards, the official one called narkamaŭka, which derives from the reformed version of the language and the only one you will see in the streets, newspapers, TV etc in Belarus; and the unofficial one called taraškievica, which derives from the pre-reform language and used mainly in the diaspora and rarely by the particularly "nationally-aware" (idk how to call it better) people in Belarus. narkamaŭka borrowed "Hiermanija" from Russian (in Belarusian g → h is a regular change), and in taraškievica it's the traditional "Niamieččyna", although the latter is not unheard of in more official contexts as well, but still very rare.
i am so frustrated about you just skipping over that "Nimtsätä" in the southern corner of Russia!!! googling this word has only brought me back to this map, no original sources mentioned anywhere. is the language Kalmyk? judging from the area coloured it should be, but i tried finding a wikipedia article for "Germany" in Kalmyk and it seems to be using a completely different word, which still looks like it might be related to *němьcь though. there's no translation on wiktionary as well, nevermind the etymology. how tf did it even get there??? it could be such a fascinating story that no one seems to have ever done research on
In Icelandic, the country is callef Þýskaland, but germans Þjóðverjar. Which kind of means: ‘Country people’, which is kind of confusing. I don’t get why germans specifically are called that. Its literal translation is -Verjar = people, -Þjóð: Country or state.
Theory which came to my mind: when Iceland was settled the region we know as Germany today was not one country but very many small countries ruled independently. Maybe the old Nordic people referred to this bunch of different countries as there was not one term which fitted them all 🤔
@@einindividuum5428 true. The name was probably coined in the Late 17th or early 18th by some Icelandic scholar. since Icelandic tends to be very literal. It wouldn’t suprise me that the word Þjóðverjaland was just a general term for “That one, State country.” Almost all Icelandic words are direct like that.
Tyskaland, Tyskland.😊
Note on the map that Norway is the only country in Europe outside Greece that calls Greece for Hellas.
They probably changed it to respect Greeks, but I may be wrong about it. I looked from Norwegian Wikipedia and it says they changed it to make their language having less Danish imported words.
why would you need to be motivated by a respect for other people when you could just be motivated by your hatred for the danish?
@@derfret1365 Well, I think it was complicated situation there, probably.
Could very well be the case, Hellas is often referred to as Grekenland as well even after 1932 when the official name was changed.
Funfact: while in germany we call Greece "Griechenland" colloquially the official name ist "Hellenische Republik" meaning "Hellenic Republic" which is as far as I'm aware also a term used by many english speaking countries.
0:45 And the Norway just also: "HELLAS"
You asked for pronounciation correction: Tyskland is not pronounced Tiskland. To make the Y, put your lips as if you were going to say U. Then inside your mouth (still keeping the U mouth) say the letter I. Now you have said the letter Y.
Which is, by the way, also exactly how German ü is pronounced.
You used Japan as an example of a "completely unrelated" exonym, but it IS, actually, just a corruption of "Nippon" (which is how the Japanese themselves prononuced Nihon at the time of European Medieval era).
To make things more complicated, as of the 17th Century, in English German was referred to as “high Dutch” and “het Nederlands” as “low Dutch.” Both terms were based on Deutsch, the German name for German.
Since then, the Deutsch language was re-named (in English, not in German) after the Germani tribes. Dutch remains the English term for “het Nederlands.”
The "silent one" would be something like "tichý" or "potichý", "nemý" means "mute"
A good friend moved to Amsterdam a few years back; today she just happened to explain to me that the "ui" dipthong in Dutch matches what "ou" usually sounds like in English. So Duitsland doesn't sound like "Do-EATS-land" at all, but way more like "DOUBTS-land"
The same origin for the word Barbarian is also used for Berber. Supposedly that's the way they sounded to the Romans, "ber ber" while the Germanic tribes sounded more like "bar bar." I have never heard an Amazigh speaking so I don't know how it sounds, neither I do pre-Medieval Northern European languages.
@@vititom Imagine if English-speakers started calling the Chinese "chingchongers" for a similar reason.🙈
The ancient Greeks called the allophones barbarians from bar bar as their language sounded to them and then the Romans took it.
and they called all non-Greek barbarians
As a Latvian, I was heartily amused by the way you pronounced the words in Latvian. :) But kudos for trying, our ancient gods know this isn't the easiest language 😀
It was almost like vajayjay 😂
Being a German, we grow up learning that the Word Germans (Germanen) comes from the Spears said Tribes used in Combat. These Spears were called "Ger", and manen is the old Suffix for People. So the Germans were "Spear People". That's at least the Explanation they teach us Germans at School
Damn die Geschichtsstunde habe ich wohl verschlafen 😂
No, they don´t teach us that, it´s probably just something you heard somewhere
@@xidezzz5377 i know very well that Etymology has been proven this a Myth, but you still hear it, and they even told us that at School back in the 1990s.
@@HopeeInk ich weiß natürlich dass diese Erklärung ein widerlegter Mythos ist, aber uns hat man das in den 90ern in der Grundschule im Heimat und Sachkunde Unterricht genauso erklärt.
@@xidezzz5377They teach us that in School.Sie sollten nicht jemanden einer Lüge oder eines Irrtums bezichtigen,nur weil er/sie etwas behauptet das Sie nicht bestätigen können.Uns/us/,meinen Mitschülern und mir ,wurde es ,evtl.in einem anderen Bundesland als jenem in dem Sie zur Schule gingen,genauso gelehrt wie dem Kommentator.
In Samogitia (that region who was the last in Europe and Lithuania in accepting Christianity) here is a joke about Germans. That the name came from when Samogitian saw German knight with metal armour and was more than surprised and told loudly „VO KIETS“. „Vo“ is short word used as „look at this“ or just „look“ as trying to get someones attention to something, and kiets is kietas in shorter ethnic form. Kietas means hard, strong (as material), sometimes as man defining how strong, tough or also used as „cool“ (guy). For example movies „Die hard“ were translated here as „Kietas riešutėlis“ (Tough/strong/hard peanut as referring to Bruce Willis as hard peanut who cannot be crushed). So samogitian basically said “Look, (at this) hard/strong (guy)“
I remember Germani originating from something like Ger-Manni, where Ger is the name of the spear they wield and Manni simply means people.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration_Period_spear
That is right! You can also find the spear in names like Gerhard or Gertrud. And there are also Alle-manni, meaning literally “all men”
You’re right when you say that in Romania we call Germany Germania via the Romance language link, but as I’ve noticed a lot of people say in the comments, it changes when we refer to Germans (as in “I like Germans) to the Slavic version of the world, nemți
Týr is the Norse equivalent to Mars/Ares (war). Týr is where we get the word “Tuesday,” which is Mars-day and named after the Mars equivalent in all Indo-European cultures. Týr is also associated with the word “thing” which is how the German word for Tuesday, Dienstag, is derived.
Western Germanic Peoples are said to descend from Týr (Tiwaz/Tui/Tiw). Týr’s son was Tuisto (or Tuisco/Tiwisko meaning “son of Tui). The name Tuisto is also given as Tuitsch or Teutsch (origin of Deutsch). Later theories speculated that Tuisto is the one who led the Germans from the incident of the Tower of Babel into Europe and/or Ashkenaz himself, son of Gomer, grandson of Noah.
Tuisto was the father of Mannus (Alanus), who in turn had three sons, the offspring of whom were referred to as Ingaevones (Angles, Chauci, Saxons, and Jutes), Herminones (Suebi, Hermunduri, Chatti, and Cherusci) and Istaevones (least defined - “who join up to the Rhine” - likely includes the Franks).
The succession of father-son-three sons parallels occurs in Germanic and other Indo-European peoples.
French and Spanish words for Tuesday also come from Mars, the name of the Roman god of war.
@@budapestkeletistationvoices Yes, I know. This is why I wrote, “Týr is where we get the word “Tuesday,” which is Mars-day and named after the Mars equivalent in all Indo-European cultures.” French and Spanish are Romance languages, which are Indo-European in origin.
I do have the same thouth, that Tyskland from Tyr comes .
"Herrmann" is an occasional given name, "Mann" means man and "Herr" means lord or mister. However, Rome isn't Russia, and I think at least one historical Herrmann was called "Arminius" by the Romans as opposed to something like "Germanius"
Maa in estonian and finnish mean land, estonian has almost all the same country names as finnish, but adding -maa (-land) to the end to all of them.
In Finnish the terms Saksanmaa and Suomenmaa still used in the 19th century.
@@okaro6595 i know
Saksa on maa, ja hauki on kala.
Fantastic video, I always learn so much from you 🙌 even as a Hungarian I never made the connection between néma and Németország
Sounds interesting, i didn't know about the endonym and the exonym of every language of the world with their words
"Germani" is stunningly close to "Wermann", an old Germanic way of saying "male", which also works for etymology of "Allemänner" - all the men.
Soooo, there's that as a possibility.
In switzerland we call germans "schwoobe" mockingly...obviously coming from the tribe of Suebis, swabia you got the corelation
Thank you very much for this very informative, teaching and enlightening Episode!🙂👍
0:27 ??? This map is weird. How is "Austria" not related to "Österreich", and how is "Croatia" not related to "Hrvatska"? Or even, how is "Japan" unrelated to "日本" ? If those don't fit whatever definition they have for "related", then by extension, "Sweden" and "Sverige" shouldn't be related either, I'd say.
"Austria" from Latin is like "south land", while "Österreich" from German literally means "east reich"; "Japan" is far from the pronunciation (Nippon) and the meaning (place of sunrise) of "日本"
Slovakia and Slovensko...
@@ryan175lcr7 Except "Austria" is actually a latinisation of the German name, and is not derived from the Latin word for "south" (unlike Australia).
I mean, think about it. Why would Latin, of all languages, coin the term "south land" for Austria, of all places? The word is not an English invention.
"Japan" ultimately comes from Hokkien 日本 (jit-pún), and while the pronunciation is different, we can argue that's just an artifact of how Chinese characters are used and pronounced in East Asia. The term 日本 in general seems to have been coined by a Japanese prince. It's about as connected as "Sweden" is to "Sverige" if you ask me. They should be the same color on the map.
Again, my criticism is, what do they even mean by "related"? If it's how close the pronunciation is, then "Sweden" should be out. If it's the actual origin of the English name, then "Austria" should be included. If it's common origin between the English name and the endonym, then "Japan" should be included. If it's about the meaning, then "Montenegro" should be included. As it stands, no definition of "related" works with this map.
In Romanian, while we do say Germania for the country and German for the person, we also say Neamț for the person as well, but we don't have the equivalent for the country, or at least not that I know of, it may have been falling out of use during the relatinisation of romanian.
One more anecdote is that we have a city called Târgul Neamț, which as you might guess it has something to do with germans, it's literally "German marketplace" or something to that effect. That's cause germans came to romania and there were multiple minorities of them all over romania and for the monarchy, we also chose germans because our own rulers were meh at some point, and germans were just better (well at least that's how I like to think that since I didn't learn that much romanian history).
i guess it's "țara nemțească", although there wasn't a unified germany in those times
You should do the origins of the name Italy since Italy was formed as a result of the unification of the multiple states inc Savoia, Lazio/Rome, Veneto, etc. great vid bud as always!! ❤
Spoiler alert - Italy is named after cows. It shares its root in the Latin word Vitulus (one year old calf)
The name of Italy is ancient. Remember crossing the Rubicon. It was the border between Italy and the Cisalpine Gaul. Soon after that the Cisalpine Gaul was incorporated into Italy giving it its current borders.
He is soo knowlegble and you have a clam voice which gives meaning to what you are saying. Your one of the best istorical channel i am subscried to.LOVE YOUR VIDS AND KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK!!!
It always amuses me how Munich is Monaco in another language..
Meanwhile Germans call Milan Mailand.
@@DavidLimofLimReport In Italian, Munich is called "Monaco di Baviera". It sounds like it's a city with casinoes and millionaires with yatches in Southern Germany. 😂
@@sohopedeco it's not actually far from the truth lol. München is very wealthy!!!
8:34 It's interesting how the countries that use the Roman term "Germania" mostly correspond to the countries that the byzantine (Eastern Roman) empire influenced the most. (Apart from Italy and british isles).
Deutschland and Tyskland are originally the same word.
Would be in English Dutchland and Teutland
And adjective "dutch" which refers to...Netherland
The Slavic ‘ones that couldn’t talk’ is best translated as ‘barbarians’, as the word barbarians was applied by the Greeks to the ‘ones that couldn’t talk’ (I.e., ones that couldn’t speak Greek.’
I'm from Toronto, Canada... or for the non-English speakers out there: Toronto, Canada.
@@davidreichert9392 Apparently the Canadian endonym is pronounced "Tranna" rather than "Toronto".😂
In Switzerland Germans are sometimes also called "Schwaabe" (Svabians), it's meant in a derogatory way (Swabians are the next neighbours to us Allemanians).
Still nicer then the also common "Gummihals" though (rubber neck)
In Indonesia we call the Netherlands BELANDA which is weird especially since we were a former colony
Hey, Dutch guy here. Isn't Belanda to do with "white" somehow? I heard the name in conjunction with stories about Africans ending up in Indonesia, before. But I never understood the origin completely.
@@DaanHoogland So I searched it and basically the natives of Indonesia would pronouce Netherlands as Wolunda or Walanda and when it was standardized into Malay it became Belanda
@@Noan_No 👍 thanks
A good video, as always. You say, that Alemania is from the name of a tribe. Which is true in a way, that there was a tribe called "die Alemannen". But this might already be an exonym. I have heard the theory (which sounds logical to me), that the name is from "Alle Mann!", which is some kind of battle-call. It means something like "All Men (fight with full power, and no one tries to escape)".
They greek call their country not "Hellas", but " Ellada".
This is true! THanks for the correction.
Hellas and Ellada it's the same thing. The first is kathareuousa and the second Demotiki
Vokietija - Vuokitéjé - Vuoceja - Vācija. Love how the names in the minority language show the language continuum between Vokietija and Vacija. Perfect morf.
it's funny because what I caught around the Slavic ones was you saying var-EYE-ants, instead of VAR-ee-ants (pronunciation of the word "variants" ..like variable not like variety) ..
respectfully! I'm a big fan. Keep it up 😊
As a Cornishman, I'm very pleased that you include Cornish in your list of languages!
Je viens de tomber sur votre vidéo avec le titre en anglais où le mot « exonym » a capturé mon attention. Il s’avère que je connais pas ce mot en français non plus. Merci pour cette mini leçon!
I think Finnish/Estonian is from Old Norse Saxland, or from some forgotten Proto-Norse word; They are conservative languages.
It comes from saxons. And word maa means land in Suomi and Eesti, so Saksamaa means Saxon land.
@@turkoositerapsidi Yes Saxland in Old Norse. You kept an older name while we in Scandinavia changed to Tyskland.
He's so cute!!! 🥰 He seems like such a sweet and kind guy
😂😂😂
Tyskland? Sounds like Tuskland for me 😂
It's Poland then 🤣
Saksa as Finnish/Estonian for Germany is kind of interesting since Saxons are ultimately the origin of the Irish and Scots Gaelic words for England too.
Hi, Dutchman here! "Duitsland" has the letter combination "ui," which is like the English "ow" except you keep your lips close instead of widen your mouth.
I'm also Dutch, but I think "ui" is pronounced more like or "əy" or "əw" (depending on your regional accent), where "ə" is the schwa (mid central vowel).
@@davedevosbaarle I explained it in a simpler way, because I don't think that many people know how to pronounce "ə" (apart from Azerbaijanis).
@@im.joeyb. I'd say the English schwa is close enough, as in the 2nd vowel of the word "open".
Norwegian here: Grekenland (greh-ken-land) was used till 1932, but often used in other languages (old norse: Grikkland, Swedish: Grekland, German: Greichenland). Now we use Hellas (heh-lass).
Japanese call England "Igirisu", which is their phonetic for "English". Mainly because they have trouble understanding that the name of a place and the name of their people are different concepts. They make the name of the people adding "-jin" to the name of the nation. Back in the day, they must have asked the English about their place of origin and they must have answered "We are English", and they probably interpreted it as "English" being the name of the nation, not the people. It's weird.
Similar with Germany, the nation is called "Doitsu", which is their phonetic for "Deutsch", which is the adjectival form for the people. Deutschland is the land of the Deutsch people, but they use the person instead of the nation.
The Vietnamese word for Germany is: nước Đức (pronounced “Nuk Nuk”) and essentially translates to “water virtue”
In croatian we call it Njemačka
Same in Serbian but without the j - Nemačka
In Low German, we call Croatians "Krabaten". Probably the people in Mecklenburg were the first Low German speakers who regularly got in touch with Wallenstein's Croatian mercenaries around 1628 AD.
@@ottosaxo no, “krabaten” has to do with “cravats” as in “neckties” which originate from “Hvatska” (the Croatian’s own endonym for itself)
Most of the world calls Poland with variations of this exonym. But I think a couple countries like Hungary, Lithuania and maybe Turkey refer to it using exonym derived from the word "Lechia" which is the ancient name of Poland. Allso a reference to myth of three brothers :ech, Czech and Rus
The name of Poland in these languages comes from the Polish tribe Lędzian (Lędzianie), not from "Lechia".
In Lithuanian we call it Lenkija as a country and Lenkas as a person.
In Bulgarian Germany is Германия, but German is Немски ❤️🇧🇬🇩🇪
In Italian (I'm not Italian) it's Germania for Germany but Tedesco for German
YES I HAVE BEEN SO CURIOUS ABOUT THIS since learning danish
In Romanian, we don't only use term "Germanii" for germans but also the word "Neamtii"
Nu am realizat ca "nemți" provine din poloneza 😮
@@Catitect din slavona, mai bine zis
Nemția
Not countries per se but cities, all while keeping this in Germany: the cities of Regensburg and Aachen are called _Ratisbona_ and _Aquisgrán_ in Spanish and are derived from the Latin _Ratisbona_ and _Aquisgranum_ respectively.
Ratisbona is also used in Italian and Portuguese, whereas it's been historically known as _Ratisbon_ in English.
As a hungarian, nemet is not based on néma. The we would call it Némaország, német means german. So Németország is just land of the germans.
német - ‘tömegében Németországban élő germán nép; ennek nyelve, ennek tagja’; ‘‹melléknévként› e népre, nyelvre vonatkozó’. Származékai: németes, németesít, németesség, németség.
Szláv eredetű szó: szerb-horvát Nemac, szlovén, szlovák Nemec (‘német’). Az ősszláv nemac töve azonos néma szavunk előzményével, s eredeti jelentése ‘nem szláv’, ‘érthetetlen nyelvet beszélő’ volt (hasonlóan a barbár szó eredetéhez), s csak utóbb rögződött mint a germánság megnevezése. A magyarba a fenti nyelvek bármelyike közvetíthette a szót, mégpedig igen korán, amikor nyelvünkből még hiányzott a c hang, s t-vel helyettesítették.
@@radir1657 nincs időm végig olvasni de ja
As a Bulgarian, i can say that we use Германия (Germanija/Germaniya) when refering to the country but we call them Немци (Nemtsi) to refer to the people