New X-ray world record
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- Опубликовано: 18 сен 2024
- New X-ray world record: Looking inside a microchip with 4 nanometre precision
In a collaboration with EPFL Lausanne, the ETH Zurich and the University of Southern California researchers at PSI have used X-rays to look inside a microchip with higher precision than ever before. The image resolution of 4 nanometres marks a new world record. The high-resolution three-dimensional images they produced can help make advances in both information technology and the life sciences.
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The Paul Scherrer Institute PSI is the largest research institute for natural and engineering sciences in Switzerland, conducting cutting-edge research in the fields of future technologies, energy and climate, health innovation and fundamentals of nature.
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Insane that we can produce things before we can actually see what we're producing
edit: stop liking this, I'm wrong
Note that techniques like scanning electron microscopy already allow the inspection of surfaces with a far greater resolution than what is achieved here. What is interesting about this technique is that it allows the inspection of interior structures.
@@BlurbFish Oh! Thank you
Yeah it's like decoding an alien technology.
@@BlurbFish yeah people seem to be misunderstanding it quite a bit, scanning tunneling microscopes produce "images" of the electron fields of atoms, when it comes to pure size we can go way smaller than this, this is just really useful
Chip manufacturers actually know what the chip looks like. It's just that they use a technique that allows them to scale down the designs when it's time to imprint them on microchips
Beating a record, you should always state at least what the previous record was.
This guy knows how to world record.
Great for reverse engineering too
No its not Lol
Doesn't seem like it. You need a particle accelerator and can only image something that would amount to 0.00000001% of the size of an NVidia GPU. And this doesn't tell you anything about the materials used for each layer.
The era where once you know a thing looks like you can reproduce it had been long gone.
An example for you:
Back in 50s China tried to reverse engineer Mig-15's jet engine. They did made a functional engine, only with 50-70% of performance of the original, and died pretty fast.
Why? They could copy the parts 1:1 in size, but how metal was heat treated, in what order were parts assembled together, what torque was on the bolts, etc. could not be figured out.
So basically nowadays you'll need a very throughout understanding of the whole procedure of production of something, and when you actually do you can start to design your own instead of reverse engineering others'.
@@tapist3482 thank you for your insight, instead of a "no it's not, lol"
@@tapist3482Unless you just steal all the documentation from a factory that was conveniently built in your country due to having a cheap workforce.
Now do the 3 dimensional structure of neuron dendritic arborization, please
Yes❤
OP comment too sexy, I shield my eyes
@@dbgith OH I'M SAYIN' IT
I thing with Xray you can only sample metal objects with this precision. With everything else it would pass through.
Now I will able to see my soussage
Using metrics with a murrican notation😂@00:03 why even use meter, and not measure in millimeter/micrometer/nanometer if you was able to scale it by factors of 10. Cause in fact its 4nm.
Yo, they wanted to make it even bigger deal!)
May as well express atomic-level distances in fractions of a light year! 😂😂🤣🤣
Thank you. Sick of dipshts purposefully using confusing language just to make their concepts seem more difficult to comprehend. Most scientific concepts can be demonstrated with childrens toys, dont let them pretend this is magic, far from it.
Fun Fact: 4nm = 1.574803e-07 inches
'Merica!!
Because non-scientists and science students don't know exactly what a nanometer is and meters are conventional. duh
Sweet! I'll finally be able to see my wenis!
Uhmmm... You may have missed the "cut out a tiny piece" bit. You sure you wanna do that? 😁
@@JC130676 , well, there's not much to cut out anyway! 🤪
Innovations like this make me think of the ship Minds from The Culture series that can scan another civilization's devices from orbit and know exactly what they can do and what they're doing.
That's a way off - but still, science is awesome :)
Man PSI has the best logo ever idk why
So, fancy X-ray crystallography?
We are finally seeing the development of things conceptualized about 40 years ago. Check of a book called The Tomorrow Makers by Grant Fjermedal circa 1986. Interesting what has come to pass since then. I finally live in the world of tomorrow.
To put 4 nm into perspective, human DNA is 2.5 nm in diameter!
Uncoiled DNA? DNA exists in the body mainly packed and coiled as far as I know.
@@kathleenmelzer7499 uncoiled, the width of the double strand.
Game changing technology
Don't you just love the Swiss, so clever, no wars, good living standards and best of all they do not belong to the EU.
Actually, we can go even to further resolutions than this. However, getting an entire chip with these resolutions is quite an achievement. I would say they use a resolution of triangulated image (or STL output) of 0.5um or 0.0005mm, which is incredible but not first seen. Congrats anyway, the scan looks amazing 😅
Absolutely incredible!
3D stack computing is the future.
And yet when you go to the hospital, it's the same X-ray machine from the 50s.....😢
Fortunately not - unfortunately I can only refer to CT, as I encountered normal x-ray machines only at the dentist and CT usually means I have a kidney stone. But the CT machines all were new ones with a low dose of radiation.
Great job by the scientists!
Yeah I'm gonna need one of those. Can you overnight it? Gotta be back to work tomorrow and I'd like to hash it out a little before the work week starts.
Some are observing while some countries are actually making it😂😂😂😂
China will love to use this for retro engineering foreign chips
Actually, you're arriving late to the party. Other places are copying them.
@jatigre1 China can't even make a ball point pen.
You can take a photo of a Ferrari, that doesn't mean you'll build one in your garage. Reverse-engineering a chip doesn't suddenly manifest a fab capable of producing a copy.
@@TheNefastor "The achievement was considered a major leap forward; SMIC achieved seven nanometers in two years from the conventional fourteen nanometers without access to foreign technology.Jun 28, 2024"
@@jatigre1 that BS again... look, I'm an electrical engineer. You've been lied to. SMIC uses 14 nm fabs and what's called "multipatterning" to emulate 7 nm by doing four times more exposures at 14 nm, each shifted slightly. That is not a competitive approach in the slightest. Takes four times longer, can fail more easily since you need to control the shifts perfectly. So please, stop quoting CCP propaganda.
Five, hundred, cigarettes.
X-ray the most proficient flagila in the microcosms for bio mimicry. What strange evultonary adaptations that we dont undstand but can use in our modern world. Get sleep, have plenty of shower thoughts and change the world while taking a dump at 3 am with a shitter thought. Stay creative!!!
New prompt: what is a dog?
This year's breakthrough is next generations standard. I Imagine this is getting us one step closer to star trek style replicators. It's just going to take a few more breakthroughs. We have cooling lasers, "Photonic tweezers" these xray imagers, molecularly pure toners. We are getting there.
Impossible to understand just how small that is. What an achievement.
"wym im xraying"
also bro:
Why using "millionths of a millimetre" units?? Are you too good to use nanometers?
Not everyone knows what a nanometre is, plus it looks way cooler and emphasises how small they went.
NANOMACHINES!
There goes hardware security… no more Trusted Platform Modules or hardware security keys
I dont understand why people can make these tiny things and yet not have the tech to see what they are doing. How is that possible?
It is called Lithography.
They probably don't get their Reading Glasses at WalMart. :P
Learn how microchips are made then.
These types of imagers are invasive, if you tried to use one while you were actually constructing something it would interfere in the procedure and cause defects. That and the fact that the machine that builds chips is enormous and the machine that takes these images is also quite big, and finding a way to mate them together so that both machines still work and don't interefere with each other would be an entire science breakthrough of it's own.
@@krashd thanks, that makes complete sense. But I am amazed that machines can make something so small and its taken so long to look at something so small (even though destructive). Perhaps that doesnt make sense, because a little while back, we got an image of an atom. I dont know. Doesnt really matter.
Will ASML purchase this company?
It kind of detracts from the video when I have to pause it every 5 seconds to read the captions. Which say nothing important.
Good GOD this is EPIC!!
You guys are fantastic!!!
We got X-ray world record before GTA 6 😭
Awesome
To put this in perspective its like pointing a laser on a thumbnail on the moon the magnification about the same .@o
IC fabrication is modern magic.
Etch the magic sigils into rocks and you can make glass think.
Is sigils spell error?
@@adrianlovic6486 lol no.
Microchips are made with light, thats the only way to do them this small. Similar to coin sculptors who make the coin design in a big surface and a reducing arm copies it to the actual die that will be used for pressing.
Here they use lenses to focus a high intensity beam into a photosensitive wafer that gets burnt layer by layer imprinting several copies of the chip at once.
Interesting how X-Rays are the only realistic way to look inside a chip that was made with UV Light.
#nd they have holes and electrons?
A resolution of four microns? The latest generation of microchips have features less than 7 nanometers. Four microns is huge. You could hide an entire ALU behind that.
It clearly states the resolution is 4nm. Actually obscurely states, the description is clear.
@@cystarkman Four millionths of a mm. Yes, you're right, 4 nm. I'm watching this on my phone and the text is rather small.
@@BanterMaestro2-y9z it was weirdly written. Not sure why they didn’t just write 4nm
We are an amazing species…in some respects.
the only criticism I have is that you should have used actual units in the video. no one has an intuitive understanding of 1 milimiter divided by a million.....
Nor does the average Joe have any idea what a nanometre is...
Can transistors that small actually function?
Yes, the scale has dropped over the years. But there will be physical limits in the future, as the size of the structures slowly approaches the size of the silicon atoms. Currently the limits are technical.
9. gen pay tv card will get cracked🥳
Nice. Now we can reverse engineer everybody's chip technology.
0.000'005 ???
I'm an engineer and I'm accustomed to reading and writing numbers.
Could someone translate "0.000'005" to a number that isn't nonsense?
Just remove the apostrophe. The Swiss use apostrophes to denote negative thousands in the same way other countries use commas to denote positive thousands.
Crash retrieval testing technology?
Thisnused to only work with electron microscope
Nice
amamzing
unbeleivable.
4/1000 000? that is 4µm, but the current technology makes transistors with gates sized like 40~60nm i guess, so that is 100times smaller than the record here? or did i got something wrong?
1 millionth of a millimeter, not of a meter, so this is 4nm (the way this is stated in the video is stupid)
@@alquinn8576 that makes sense now.
@@alquinn8576 It's stated in the video as "4 millionths of a millimeter", which is 100% accurate... 0:35
What's this nanochip used for?
Nothing, it's not a chip itself, it's a tiny core sample that has been pulled out of a regular chip for Xray.
shouldnt it be a virtual world record? i mean since they used digital imaging techniques to increase their resolution. thats basically cheating. or maybe this is them stating that imaging cannot get better better than it is without some kind of software helping out. a lot has changed whithin this digital era. and i cant wait to see what else we come up with in this crazy universe
You are mistaken, the stated 4 nm resolution refers to the microchip features. This has nothing to do with making the visual nice by rounding the edges. Think of it as antialiasing in video games : doesn't increase resolution, just makes the image nicer to look at.
time to reverse engineer all those stupid blob chips
Olympic xrays
We can already produce these things in 3D by lithography, so what's the big deal? X-rays have a very small wavelength, so duh...
Hafıza, bilgi, anı silen ışın?
Don't get me wrong; the cylinder is small, but measuring it in metres is like measuring the length of a house in kilometres.
Except your average Joe is familiar with metres and kilometres, he may however have no idea what a nanometre is because he's not a raging nerd.
Raging nerd 🤤@@krashd
bwoah
You better keep a tight lid on this or the Chinese will reverse engeneer computer chips.
Soooo, we were making a microchip so small we couldn't even see it? How does THAT work??
~Trav
no no, you can see the layers, with an electron microscope you can see it as clear as day, but, here you have multiple layers.....so you are looking inside of a chip, not on the surface.
No no no no no no the layers are layered so small that you couldn’t see it. But the microscope was clear on the inside of the layered outside. Microscopically of course
@@TravisRichey This is only a very, very tiny fraction of the whole chip which, if blown up to the scale of this image, would be several _kilometers_ across. It's like looking at a brick in a wall and thinking that's all of Manhattan.
@@BanterMaestro2-y9z
Really?
Is it what s called a silicone chip. Or silicon doped diode/transistor.?
@@adrianlovic6486It's a tiny sample excised from a much larger silicon chip (not silicone, which is a type of plastic called an elastomer). A chip like the processor in your computer. Such chips contain hundreds of millions of transistors, are about the size of a large postage stamp, and are every bit as complex as a large city like New York or Boston. What you're seeing here would be comparable to a portion of a city block. A few houses and the corner store.
Nice but this is like looking at assembly code. Can we use AI to create VHDL from these scans?
Why would we want or need AI involved in this case?
@@EvonixTheGreatest Okay, you do it. What are billions of transistors between friends?
@@xdsopl I mean AI is useful for making approximations based on similar scenarios, which isn't what's wanted here, a traditional, deliberately designed and calibrated algorithm would be better
@@EvonixTheGreatest You seem to know what you are doing. Get some VC money, built a company and get cracking. You can do it!
@@xdsopl Weird comments under this video.
"world record" as if, if private companies have higher capabilities than that, that they would disclose that to their competition...
They would, but not how to.
Let us hope that the technology stays in Switzerland and is NOT hi-jacked by the Americans and “passed-off” as intellectual property. You know they would….
Seeing how the images are of a chip made using US technology, I would think that ship has long sailed!
@@r.markclayton4821 And what technology would that be? The last I checked the machines that build modern chips are Dutch, every one of them.
great for science but too bad it was the swiss
1/4 millionth mm? yeah, american would use anything as a measure except the standard measurement systems. Quite annoying! What's next? 1/football field sized chip?
So, its resolution said to be 1/4,000,000 mm? Then is it really 250 picometers? If that's true, that is fascinating.
I think they meant 4 * 1e-6 mm, which would be 4nm.
What on Earth does this video have to do with America?
50 quadrilionth of a lightyear.