Hostile Takeover: How a Private Company Colonised India
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- Опубликовано: 23 дек 2022
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A private company colonized Morocco in 1912, the Banque Nationale de Paris. A private company colonized Tunisia in 1881, the Banque Seillère-Demachy. A private company made the French Government disavow independence to Cochinchine (South Vietnam), Michelin in 1945. A private individual ran a third of North-America in the early 18th century : Antoine Crozat. In 1885, Jules Ferry and Jean-Baptiste Say saw colonial "spheres of influence" as an industrial outlet but data proved them wrong. With the exception of the Roman Empire, no commonwealth depends on imperialist expansion to survive. This point caused a heated debate at the French Assembly in 1791, as the Girondin Home Secretary Roland (Madame Roland's husband) argued that invading Europe would heal France's crippled finances. Robespierre responded by nationalizing the War Industry. He proposed that France swore never to wage war against any country in the name of the Rights of Man. Whereas the Montagnards believed that private earnings should contribute to the general well-being, like Jacques Necker, Adam Smith and Rousseau before them, the Girondins believed that the State had no rights to interfere into Socio-Economic issues including taxation and the State power was here to help the rich get richer. The Girondins didn't win the argument democratically, so they installed by force a cynical opportunistic militaryman at the head of France and the private Banque de France, Bonaparte.
A single drunken british sailer climbing onto a rampart, waving his pistol about and screaming "This place is mine!!" and that ACTUALLY WORKING as a tactic is about the most British colonial thing I've ever heard.
Huh, so that's how Jack Sparrow sacked Nassau port...
👏🎯👏. M.D.!! I know it’s not a Funny -Topic, but. Have you seen Comedian Eddie Izzard’s Rant on How England/ British ‘ Established ‘ it’s early We-Now-Own-You Colonization ? By using the TACTIC of using a FLAG. 🤣😂. God Bless. NRN. 👴🏽NoBody. PS- don’t forget the TWO “ Opium Wars “ against China!
Only an asshole with low development would do such a thing
Still works today
I've said this before... If youre gonna talk about battles in this way then battle maps are NEEDED.
True.
The Hudson's Bay Company is a similar British company that ran most of Canada. They still exist to this day as a department store chain.
The Hudson's Bay Company...? 🤔
I'll have to look this one up. 😁
Saks fifth avenue is owned by Hudson bay company
Definitely not on the same scale as the EIC, but yeah, they were effectively the leading edge of colonization beyond the Great Lakes region. The Bay and Saks chains are a significant downgrade from their days in the fur trade.
True pretty much everything north and west of Ontario at one point was owned by the Hudson’s bay company. Canadas northern territories were owned by them well into the 20th century.
Telling an American that the Hudson's Bay company is almost 200 years older than Canada as you are walking into or seeing an ad for the department store gets some pretty amusing reactions. It's up there with "Canada has a lower population than California" on my list of "100% truthful ways to mess with our Southern neighbors.
If I'm not mistaken one of the early policies of the East India Company was to give bonus's to Company men who would marry local women and additional bonus's if they sired any children. I think the idea was that these children wouldn't feel entirely Indian or entirely British and as such would become loyal to the company that 'encouraged their birth'. The Past Everyone!
I did exactly no research other that surviving 50 years so far.
That sounds like the exact kind of thing humans do all the time.
It's really hard to believe it's not true.
bonuses
Was the worst
@H J what?
What are you trying to say??
Even today in India, especially in Bengal (today's West Bengal state in India and Bangladesh), Mir Jafar and Jagat Seth are used as a means to say that an individual or a group of them are traitors.
I can see why, they literally served the empire on a platter because of how short sited they were
7:44
Golconda on the west coast? And Patna down south? Sure you weren’t holding the map upside down, Simon?
Maybe a good follow up topic would be the "Great Trigonometrical Survey", a 69-year-long project to map all of the Indian subcontinent.
1:36 humble beginnings
8:03 sponsorship
9:37 searching for "Bumbye"
14:48 decline and fall
17:50 the battle of Plassey
1:40 - Chapter 1 - Humble beginnings
8:00 - Mid roll ads
9:30 - Chapter 2 - Searching for "Bumbye"
14:55 - Chapter 3 - Decline & fall
17:55 - Chapter 4 - The battle of plassey
Shah Jahan, builder of the Taj Mahal, was a great Indian ruler. To pay for his wars, Palaces & the Taj Jahan taxed & taxed. A Dutch merchant traveling in India wrote how the Indians groaned under the tax burden. My point being that it wasn’t just the English who exploited the Indian people. I won’t discuss the Mogul (Muslim) vs Hindu wars.
Shah Jahan was born in India, and he was as Indian as everyone else. The tax revenue of the empire never left India unlike under the British empire. Under them, India was the largest economy in the world for a time.
Oh yeah he does seem to ignore the minor issue of Indians fucking hating the Muslims and saw us Brits as useful allies, even if we did some bad things. Ultimately, when you look at these trading posts it's clear that we built India and set it on a path to greatness.
But history is grey. Human rights don't exist. Standard of living was shit, but that's just what the past was like. Little to no accountability which is why there was corruption and one of the many reasons why companies and corporations must be governed by the nation state.
@@Snagprophet I consider Aurangzeb. He deposed his father, Shah Jahan. Under his reign Mughal India was at its zenith. However, his strict adherence to Islam led to wars with the Hindu majority of India.
Later rulers became weaker & the Mughal empire began to spiral downward. Nature hates a vacuum. That applies to politics. The East India Company began to slowly fill the emptiness of central political power. All this is a very simplistic summation
Well, England had insane taxation too, it was one of the heaviest taxed population in the world at that time with various taxes, duties, tariffs, etc. So too the case with the Netherlands and France (unless you're a member of French aristocracy).
Colonies run by corporations (e.g. American colonies run by the likes of Virginia co. or Hudson Bay co., as well as EIC "factory colony" in India) were pretty much the only exception with relatively low taxation (practically a tax haven for medium and large businesses, as mentioned in this video).
I think heavy taxation was universal all across the globe, till the rise of liberal economic order (free market, free trade, etc) in mid 19th century.
@Deepak S so as long as it's Indians hurting Indians it's all good?
So the death of German Jews was okay because the nazi government was German?
This would make a great series. Just the ridiculous amount of drama going on, particularly the comedy of errors in that last battle with Clive feels like Monty Python.
There is an entire podcast series on the subject called 'Empire' (available on Global Player) that covers the story of how it started and how it went from the founding of the East India Company to the end of the Raj and partition. Well worth a listen.
@@daispy101Thanks for comment. Found it on Google podcast.William Dalrymple the author of 'Anarchy' covers episodes related to east Indian company.
The East Empire company in the Elder Scrolls universe is based off of the East India Company in real life
But is it based on the British East India Company, or the Dutch East India Company?
@@willmfrank Yes.
@@willmfrank Bit of both, I guess. It's basically a Roman East India Company.
Wow , are you sure ?
14:09 That's a picture of Calicut/Kozhikode (on the south-west coast of India) not Calcutta/Kolkata (on a channel of the River Ganges, in north-east India)
This is just like the HUDSONS BAY COMPANY in Canada. They were given, by the British Govt, rights to more or less all the land in Canada “Ruperts Land” - north of what the French had claimed as theirs.
The Hudson’s Bay Company still runs stores in Northern Canada and the retail chain of stores in the ROC. I do t think the East India Company can boast that.
Yes there was also the Columbia Department, which was like a spin-off of the HBC on the Vancouver mainland, with British crown colonies on the offshore islands. Later the mainland became a crown colony too and they all merged into British Columbia
The East India Company is now a chain of tea stores in the UK, which is incidentally owned by an Indian expat.
Merry Christmas Whistle old boy from the Special Agent Fox Mulder Compound in Australia! 🎄🎄🎄
Very interesting video! Sounds like you could do a series on the fights between the Mughals and the EIC, perhaps on Warographics?
Another brilliant video. 📹
Keep up the good work Simon & great beard by the way. 😁
Love your informative videos, thanks for spending so much time researching. BTW the blue light is better than the red circle.
The East India Company was only technically a private company Charter's (we know them Corporations) were issued by the King /Queen only and to maintain the Charter they paid a Royal ransom. On a side note the executive structure of our modern Corporation is more reminiscent to a Monarchy than of a Democracy and this is due to its relations to the Royal Charter.
The executive structure of a democratic country also mirror a "monarchy". The head of government (e.g. President or Prime Minister) pretty much hold complete control over the "executive" power. A PM/President can appoint anyone to be his minister or cabinet member, granted (flexible) discretion over state budget, etc.
On the other hand, the "election" process (i.e. annual stakeholder meeting) for these executives/"kings" also mirror "Democratic" election, where citizens could nominate and vote for new CEO. Ofc it's not universal suffrage, but based on "wealth" (i.e. your stake in the company).
@@ihl0700677525 yeah it seems like OP is trying to sneak in their political opinion about modern corporations, all states are indeed set up very similarly regardless of the nature of the regime
Uhh what? The typical structure of publicly traded corporations doesn't quite have one big boss at the top. It has several chief officers, each of whom can only be hired and fired by the board of directors (the elected representatives of the shareholders). The CEO is most influential and expected to lead the others, but the directors don't turn _everything_ over to him/her.
In corporations in which the directors do actually allow the CEO or President full control over every other employee, it's not because of some attempt to mimic the monarchies that used to give them charters.
It's because they think that concentration of power and accountability will be most efficient.
Once the board of directors democratically determines a strategy for the business, they want that strategy carried out in a concerted manner. They want to avoid different parts of the organization working at cross-purposes or having "too many cooks in the kitchen" slowing down operations. So they give one person (or few people-with different areas of responsibility) both the power and the accountability to orchestrate it all.
@@PrezVeto "Doesn't quite" it either does or it does not and I assure you no hourly employee (serf) has any say in whether he/she remains with the company. Only sitting Board members are protected from the whims of the CEO and I assure you anyone thats sat on an Executive Board knows full well a CEO has a wide range of powers most of which come from having a majority vote of those sitting members just like the Kings of Old with their Lords and Barons.
@@purebloodstevetungate5418 "Doesn't quite" means "doesn't but comes close", which is precisely what I meant and accurate. But as I see certainty is in greater supply for you than literacy, logic, or historical knowledge, I see no benefit in repeating what you've already ignored.
The British East India company was arguably the 1st mega corporation
No, it was the VOC (Dutch East India Company).
@@0deepak was formed after the eec
Nope. It was the Dutch East India Company which still exists today and is the richest corporation in the world. Known as the V.O.C. (dutch). Simon has already done a video about them, it's very good 🙂
Today many countries have competition laws (also known as antitrust laws) to prevent real-life corporations from having mega-corporation characteristics.
British EIC: 1600, Dutch V.O.C 1602. The Dutch company was he more powerfull of the two. Parlty because it refrained from creating a colonial empire. Creating and managing an empire was considered to costly, so the VOC limited itself largely to trading. Only in the 19th century the Dutch started creating a colonial empire.
It's always so jarring going from watching Simon all serious and solemn on Warographics or Into The Shadows to how excited salesman-y he is in ads for these videos
24:12 Year show is 1874 but the words I heard is 1847. Sounds like someone forgot to get their daily dose of coffee.
Imagine getting rich and buying a place in parliament today.............. oh, right, the present PM did that........
And is of Indian heritage
That happened also in Russia. Originally Putin was just a puppet for Oligarks, but the idea backfired
Who did he pay and how much, I think the nation deserves to know.
Excellent and Outstanding Analysis!!!!
im surprised Paradox Games isnt sponsoring this video lmao
I think that the success of the British East India Company argues against Adam Smith - full-blown out of control capitalism was already a reality in his time. When you get mega companies that also happen to be monopolies, this doesn't say much about free trade. Ever since then, mega companies have somehow managed to dominate the marketplace.
Smith wrote in quite angry terms about the EIC, considering that their Charter monopoly was bad economics
Smith favoured competition to rein in companies. There is no reason to assume successful capitalism necessitates monopolies.
(at least outside of natural monopolies such as utility network companies for example)
you think there aren't monopolistic trading blocks now?
tens of thousands are presently dying in the Ukraine for just such a monopoly not willing to let Russia sell what it wants where it wants without going through the globalists...
and things like the EU are protectionist trading blocks that besides recking Europe literally transformed Africa from a fast growing economy to a starving or wartorne wasteland in parts because countries like the UK and France suddenly weren't allowed to trade with them without being ubbertaxed 🤷🏻♂️
...at least the East India company developed places and peoples
Name one monopoly created solely by a private corporation without government hhelp.
@@johnnixon4085 That's rather a tricky question, given that patents and copyright are technically government help
Spin me a yarn mate?!
Yeah, it worked.
Beautiful.
Merry Christmas
Good video, very interesting,
Could you do a video on Sir Thomas Cochrane and Sir Sidney Smith (Napoleonic wars) please, they have insane and complex lives and worth videos in their own right, many thanks
I agree. Thomas Cochrane had an incredible life and career.
There is an hour long video from Lindybeige about Sidney Smith titled "Napoleon's greatest foe".
Kings and Generals did an incredible video showing Thomas Cochrane’s adventures
Your first narrative is one I've never heard in my life 🤣🤣
It's easy to forget in modern times that empires are universal and have been going on since the beginning of civilization.
G'day,
Actually, the idea of "Empire" is ONLY 13,000 years old.
It began with the invention of the Broadacre Death Cult of Harvest Everything-ism, at Gobekli-Tepe in what is now Southeastern Turkey.
After harvesting EVERYTHING, they condemned their descendants to clearing and ploughing and sowing and weeding and watering and harvesting and fighting with Rodents, cohabiting with Felines, contracting Toxoplasma Gondii and carrying on like half drunk aggressive impulsive clumsy horny Toxo-Encysted Zombies, forever clearfelling, overharvesting, salinating and eroding the Soil, desertifying the Landscape - and then being "forced" to conquer their Neighbours Land and Resources.
Why else d' y' think they're called
Euro-Peon...
=
Landless Ignorant Peasant
+
From Europe Comes.
The Scourge of the Earth.
Such is life,
Have a good one...
Stay safe.
;-p
Ciao !
That's completely untrue. The Akkadian empire is largely recognized as the first empire and came about 2000 years after the beginning of civilization.
Also our "modern times" are far from free of imperialism, it's just gotten rid of the formalities. Neocolonialism and empire today relies much more on financial/resource dependency and informal military intervention rather than the old method.
Empires are neither universal nor are they truly gone.
Coporations are the modern empires
The unites states is literally an empire
@@shepardice3775 that is the acme of foolishness. As long as there have been people there have been empires. As technology progressed more people were able to be brought under the yoke of a single political head. People have been taking territory from others since we knew others had something another group wanted.
I'm British. None of those riches ever ended up in my family's pockets.
You are still guilty for everything the EIC did and well as the entire British aristocracy ... however no one else is guilty of anything in history except you...never forget that.
@@sparksmacoy He must also personally apologize for every slave handled by the British Empire but under no circumstances ever mention the Africans lining the shores of western and northern Africa eager to sell their fellows of color to the highest bidder.
@@Kraken9911 Oh no he is responsible for that to, see those African slave traders with thousands of years of slaving had internalised white supremacy transmitted to them via white germs that all flow from Europe. Even Ghenghis Khan suffered from this condition, before that he was a Mongolian flower arranger and puppy rescuer.
@@sparksmacoy You forgot the slave trade.
it ended up in your country's development, cheap, vast amounts of forcefully produced raw material was shipped off to UK to be used in your factories, your roads, houses, public services wouldn't be possible without looting the world and especially India.
Hudson’s Bay Company helped colonize Canada with the fur trade as the moneymaker. They used to be a very big deal-not so much now.
I suggested this a couple of weeks ago on the brilliant Starshot video, thanks for doing it :D
*amazon furiously taking notes watching this video*
I often referred to Weyland-Yutani as 'a space age EITC'.
or OCP ?
Great and. Informative video, can you do the Hudson Bay Company next?
Glad to see you're feeling better
Worked with the US and Canada too. The Virginia Company of London and The Hudson's Bay Company.
Probably your best video yet, Simon! Bravo!
This story is told in William Dalrymple's 'The Anarchy.'
Amazing book!
Interesting. This barely mentions the resistance by the then largely occupying Maratha empire.
"Resistance"
The resistance was minimal.
1747 to 1947
- British Rule in India
1526 to 1857
- Mughal Rule in India
1674 to 1818
- Maratha Rule in India
No mention of the First Anglo-Burmese war even thou it was the most expansive war the East Indian Company ever fought.
divide and rule - simple af
Wait, they were torchering witches in India?! Kind of bizarre.
I'm actually surprised that the comment section is pretty civil✌️
This reminds me of The Trade Federation from Star Wars.
*British guy* "I carved a broad head into this rock"...*Native* "So (Native language)"?...*Brit*..."You're land is mine"...*Native* "What the heck"!? (perfect English).
Excellent video. You should do a video about George Macdonald Fraser's Flashman and how he fooled the academics.
Please make a video on the construction of the Brihadeshwara Temple of Thanjavur from India.
Over symplectic m21st century point of view. Far more complicated truth in the 18th century & was a period of cultures mixing & was a hopeful time. East India Company was pure business keeping ahead of the French in a World politics battle for dominance & wasn't political at the start, it was all about money.
G'day Stranger !
It isn't often I find you on a Comment Thread...; so I couldn't resist.
Happy Solstice !
Stay safe !
;-p
Ciao !
the video *does* start with a discussion of EIC’s corporate charter, how it initially set up trading posts with mixed success. At the halfway point, it references their turn to politics and military might as a byproduct of intra-Indian wars.
Big longtime fan. Great jacket. Shirt is too dark and blends in with your awesome beard.
Try a charcoal or lighter gray or blue shirt.
Hello Simon marry christmas ❤
India be like: Nah we dont need defences towards the sea, no one is crazy enough to invade from there.
UK: G'day chaps, fine day innit?
As this video suggests, the British did not really invade India at all; they just traded for well over a century, and in 1757 smartly took advantage of a Royal Navy squadron which had been sent over to defend against the French (as in "French and Indian War" or "Seven Years' War")
I've always wondered why the Mughals never created there own East India Company, or sent their merchants to far flung corners of the world.
Same way Shell have colonised Nigeria today.
Moguls using French mercs. Wow, I didn't know about that part.
Good video this period of the early British expansion into empire in the east always fascinated me at school
Does Simon's beard grow each time he starts voicing a new youtube channel?
Were they really a company? Feels like more a privatized foreign affairs office with a sub military wing of the greater British Empire.
The photograph shown as Genghis Khan is actually a photograph of Kublai Khan
Because they were talking about the Mongol empire. Ghengis Khan was long dead, so they would have been dealing with a descendant.
I am reasonably sure that neither man was ever photographed.
Meant to say portrait
This only happened because the rulers were corrupt & constantly fought among themselves. The largest state were descendants of the gentle & cultured Mongols.
how about VOC then? the dutch east indies company? the one that colonize what was known as Indonesia today
What is known as Indonesia today was only colonized by the VOC for 1% or something.
BTW,I'd love to see a video clarifying the controversy regarding eliminating the "House of Lords", and explaining their role in Parliament.
We should bring back the East India Company
I feel like the sheer power of the energy created in a group of being aggressive and exploring new lands and things with certain useful procedures in mind can give a baseline boost to one’s moral but idk if that’s accurate . I’m basically saying fortune favors the bold lol
I wish someone would make a movie on this without bias
Ruler of Bengal was very cruel, British victory was celebrated by higher portion of Hindus and shias there.
Ngl though it was gonna be sponsored by Vicky 3 😂
9:28 the elepahnt in the room. Can't survive? Sell your soul
Job Charnock sounds like he was actually being a good person and assimilating to the culture, never heard of a brit doing that.
Given the low survival rate for Europeans in India before medical advances like vaccination, it was very common for European men to form long-term relationships with local women (to the extent that the Portuguese, who first arrived in India almost a century before the Dutch and British, gave their name to a substantial population of Indian descendants all over the sub-continent). The Europeans also genuinely admired and studied many aspects of Indian culture (and until the 19th century the EIC, perhaps more than any of its rivals, deliberately prevented Christian missionaries from operating in its settlements).
If you are interested in this topic, I would suggest you to read the book White Mughals by William Dalrymple.
someone commented elsewhere that EIC paid bonuses to workers who married locals and had children, not sure if this had anything to do with Charnock but you're right based on this vid he actually seemed quite respectful compared to most in those days.
Damn, big old ancient civilization can't even handle one small island boi
We kicked their asses until the religious tensions began, which was many a time formulated by the british by giving random raiders weapons and siding them for suicide raiding to weaken empire.
Those raiders became a pain in the butt to the british, too, once they became the dominant force in india. In short, they were kinda funding terrorists to weaken their opponents.
It took Brits 100 years of constant war to fully capture India, the main reason India was conquered was because of infighting not because Brits were "superior in tech or tactics". For a country that claims to be the absolute best at war it sure took your people a long time to conquer us.
@@sridharprasanth8833 And yet conquered it was and for many years. Not an endorsement, just a fact
@@mrmacguff1n Now the ppl of that small glorious island are soon going to turn into a minority in their own country lol. It didn't even take 100 years for you guys to fall so low. Ultimately it doesn't matter what happened in past when Britain itself gets reverse colonized by the races it supposedly colonized. How many people remember the ancient Babylonians or the Persians or Egyptians ? They were all glorious but none of them remain now. The same thing will happen to the English race or in fact all Europeans. You'll all vanish, cease to exist hahaha. But India will exist as it has since time immemorial.
@@sridharprasanth8833 but the Brits created infighting
Their networth was upward to 7.9 trillion dollars. Imagine that no modern company's networth exceeds 3 trillion. Now imagine how much more that was worth then, alongside their power and influence.
No wonder the British aristocracy were able to build huge mansions and live lavish lifestyles in England.
Ever heard of black rock?
@@memesins5647that is assets under management not market capitalisation old chap. Huge difference
You are confused with the VOC (Dutch east India company), not the English one..
underrated video
Merry Christmas
Any chance of some Gurkha / Nepal history? Currently serving in Nepal! Think it would do well
Amazon: "Hold ma beer"
When you talk with people who are die hard anti-colonialism you tend to get to the point where They acknowledge yes the preexisting circumstances may have been horrifically oppressive but it wasn't done by people who don't look like you
In the first quarter of 19th century they would have been kicked out if everyone stood with Holkar.
But the Scindias and next Ranjit Singh betrayed the ambitions of Holkar.
Basic advantage of a democratic political system: much less need to betray other powerful people to maximise your own power
Am I the only one that instantly thought of the _Pirates of the Caribbean_ movie, with the name of the company lol?
Merry Christmas Santa Simon, beloved Leader.
Squarespace?
Hey, remember Established Titles?
Good times. Good times.
Modhi has a unique talent for forgetting his own countries history, doesn't he ? Gives great hugs, though Not from behind, though, please.
Love it
If Britishers just came for spices...then why there food is still the most bland food of the world.???
Britain is at the heart of Balti cuisine!
My 11th great grandfather was Maurice Abbott Lord Mayor of London and 1st Governor of the East Indian company. His son of the same name came to America during this time and I would assume be a puritan as he settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Maurice's brothers were the Archbishop's Canterbury and Salisbury respectively.
I remember the east India company from pirates of the carrebeian lmao 🤣
Damn read a book bro
Someone will pay dearly if Simons Holy Lilo gets becalmed on Rainbow Lake and its time for dinner.
Re-upload?
That last bit you said sounds like now we are governed now.
Wonder if he's covered the Pepsi Navy
Super interesting.
Negatives given, leaving out the substantial positives of colonialism in India.
Are we surprised?
What happened to robber at the end?
Yes
Trade makes the world turn round I'm sure you have heard of this saying, even in today's times it turns out to be true ❤❤❤❤❤❤
So.., money 😂
If I had a time machine I would love to see the British Raj
The word is conquered. People have been doing it to each other for all human history.