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History of Universities, Part 1: Flower of the Middle Ages
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- Опубликовано: 18 авг 2024
- Universities are unique -- a quintessential product of the High Middle Ages that has miraculously survived and even flourished in the modern world. In the first part of the history of universities, we examine the origins of the first universities in the power struggles of Popes and emperors; the ways that medieval students learned, lived, and annoyed their elders; and the ways that universities adapted to and withstood serious challenges from Renaissance humanism and the republic of letters.
Next will be the rise of universities in America, the modern research university, and the current crisis of academia.
Follow this podcast on Soundcloud: / historiansplaining
Please support Historiansplaining, in the spirit of knowledge and inquiry, and to get patron-only lectures such as my latest on political left and right: www.patreon.com/user?u=5530632
Suggested further reading: Walter Ruegg, ed., “A History of the University in Europe,” 4 vols.; William Clark, “Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University”; Olaf Pedersen, "The FIrst Universities."
Image: "Master and Scholars," illustration from "L'Image du Monde," copybook by Gautier de Metz, 1464, in collection of British Library.
Intro music: Domenico Scarlatti, Sonata in D minor, played on harpsichord by Wanda Landowska.
This is absolutely fantastic. Well done! I am researching my book and this has shortcut potentially years of library visits and digging down rabbit holes.
47:00 worth the whole lecture!
52:00 colleges in 1200
sorbonne at Paris
Merton at Oxford
Housing with supervision
Boarding hallibrsries
Studying spaces
Classrooms and lecture halls
Admission process etc
hey cool thanks for this homie. i needed some really specific info and found it here.
17:00 Bologna in 1088? Pope and Holy Roman Empire. Imperial Court had demand for officials trained in roman law to make persuasive arguments in favour of government against the pope
More relevant than ever
Apparently, Oxford university was formed because Henry II banned English students from travelling to the university of Paris in 1167 - the first Brexit.
23:00 Kings replace pope in struggle for power and prestige so letters and charters for city councils or monarchs.
1200 is Oxford?
1205 Montpellier in South France with a focus on medicine
1209 Cambridge
26:00
1218 salamanca (spain)
1222 Italy one ?
1224 Maples in Italy. Initiative Emperor
1229 Toulouse (France)
1290 Lisbon
Amazing ! Thank you for this
"A historian tells you why everything you know is wrong"😂😂😂
Excellent!
There is no way that I am listening to a history video and the main take-away is that the student's union always existed...why must I suffer?!
So good! I'll search for the podcast!
Thank you! My home on Soundcloud is here: soundcloud.com/historiansplaining
You mentioned that no other institution has survived or blossomed like a university. Would the Catholic Church not precede and continue with it?
That's a good question -- I don't think that I would put it that way. Much of what defines what we today call the Catholic Church comes of course from Trent and the Catholic Reformation, after the Middle Ages, but alternatively, if we understand "Catholic Church" to refer also to the Latin Western church before the Reformation, then it has roots in antiquity, going back to the apostles. So I don't think it makes sense to say that the Catholic Church as a whole is a medieval creation -- although certain very important aspects and institutions within the church are medieval creations, such as the monastic orders and mendicant orders. One could say that the Franciscans and Dominicans are cases of high medieval institutions that flourished in the modern world -- though I would leave it to others to judge their strength today and whether they can compare to the university system.
All Western Universities owe their foundation to the Church. Since the Roman Emperor Constantine it has been the official faith of the State and the struggle of power between Kings and the head of the Church are what make up world history. Further, it was Charles the Great (Charlemagne) who formed the first Universities in Europe around the year 787AD where the study of biblical as well as academic teaching was promulgated. Let us not forget that the whole world counts time by Christ's tribulation. Anno Domini
in this video the speaker says Universities were formed in the 1200s... but he is off by about 400 years...but a FANTASTIC review the history of Universities.
Oxford University was formed by a great number of British Students that had been expelled from La
Sorbonne University, in Paris after they were expelled due to continuous rowdy behavior.
35:00 nice to hear the Trivium revived
Astronomy or astrology ?
Medicine
Law
Theology
Augustine was central but who else
Aristotle too
Very interesting, thank you and I've subscribe to you now...
21:00 Paris was second although there was a Catholic school already. 1190 another there where students and teachers share power
Cool
29:30, I was aware of another fundation story. The dispute between the pope and the king over the appointment of the archbishop of Canterbury. The king eventually allowed the execution of three students in Oxford, related to the culprit of a murder, to give a strong signal to the pope on where the power lies in in England. Can you tell me more about these foundation accounts?
It seems as if this particular story can be traced to the chronicler Roger of Wendover, who was a monk of St. Albans. He says it happened in 1209. It is certainly possible that it is true, and that it contributed to the migration of scholars out of Oxford-- and Roger says they went to Reading, Cambridge, and Paris. If so, it may have been a factor in the growth of Cambridge as a mecca for scholars -- but it seems that that had already begun a few years earlier, and it probably related to disputes & splits over doctrine. We don't have enough surviving documents to say for certain exactly when the university was "founded," or whether there was a single precise reason.
@@Historiansplaining thanks very much for your response. Sorry for the typos, I amended them, but I was in a rush, and as it is customary, I watch videos about medieval universities when I am late for work. Can I also ask you the source of the heretic dispute in Oxford?
I believe I read it in Cobban, "The Medieval English Universities," but searching now I don't see it exactly, but there were definitely later heresy disputes at Oxford, so I might have confused it with later events, and the reported execution in 1209 happened first.
@@Historiansplaining Thank you vey much. Appreciated.
Cambridge was founded due to a controversy related to heresy? The story I heard was that a liberal arts student "accidentally" killed a woman, fled, and got himself and two other students he was lodging with hanged for the business. Apparently, this hanging actually infringed on the privileges that scholars were supposed to be afforded and wouldn't have happened before but the King was having a spat with the Pope or something at the time (not exactly clear here). Long story short, the Oxford students were shocked and appalled that they weren't given a get out of jail free card and left to go to, among other places, Cambridge to set up a new school there.
It seems as if this particular story can be traced to the chronicler Roger of Wendover, who was a monk of St. Albans. He says it happened in 1209. It is certainly possible that it is true, and that it contributed to the migration of scholars out of Oxford-- and Roger says they went to Reading, Cambridge, and Paris. If so, it may have been a factor in the growth of Cambridge as a mecca for scholars -- but it seems that that had already begun a few years earlier, and it probably related to disputes & splits over doctrine. We don't have enough surviving documents to say for certain exactly when the university was "founded," or whether there was a single precise reason.
INTELLIGENT 😄
Fuck no your pope is inventing university the Muslims invent university not british
This clip, like your other clips that I listened to in podcast format, provides a presentation of what is readily available and commonly taught history. I'm curious to find out what then is the basis of your claim, in every episode: "everything that you have known is wrong"?
Based on your main observation of "cycle's effect" I believe you missed a crucial period from 600 to 1000 and it contribution in the process of forming universities
17:00 Bologna in 1088? Pope and Holy Roman Empire. Imperial Court had demand for officials trained in roman law to make persuasive arguments in favour of government against the pope