A Brief Introduction to Fractional Distillation

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  • Опубликовано: 22 дек 2024

Комментарии • 231

  • @dannis5165
    @dannis5165 Год назад +13

    bro you just made the distillation concept click in my head, thank you so much!! the key is understanding that the vapor composition is different than the liquid composition

  • @harshsuiwal7935
    @harshsuiwal7935 2 месяца назад +3

    Finally This concept clicked in my head after endless reading of textbook and NPC teachers ,I have truly found a teacher who can explain it so easily and properly
    Thank you god that i was able to see this teachers work
    Ahh finally Peace!😌

  • @Leopr1
    @Leopr1 9 лет назад +40

    I believe that I did these calculations during my bachelor's degree without knowing what was really happening, so simple and yet it could improved a lot my grades. Thank you!

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  9 лет назад +1

      +Leomar Pérez Thanks for the encouraging remarks, Leomar!

  • @jessicaho6736
    @jessicaho6736 8 лет назад +91

    thank you so much! i spent like 2 hours trying to read the textbook and still didn't understand it and you explained it in less than 10 minutes.

  • @diamondbennett4005
    @diamondbennett4005 Год назад +1

    I watched 4 videos and this was the first one that actually clicked for me. Thank you!

  • @kevinbyrne4538
    @kevinbyrne4538 8 лет назад +1

    Finally, a clear and simple explanation of fractional distillation.
    Many thanks for producing and posting this video.
    (I wish that I could give you more than one thumbs up.)

  • @manojkumarjoshi634
    @manojkumarjoshi634 Месяц назад

    Wonderful explanation
    You explained every aspect of fractional distillation with such good animation
    I think this is the best explanation of fractional distillation on RUclips

  • @raghvendrapathak7067
    @raghvendrapathak7067 4 года назад +2

    Can't believe such a nice content us 7 years old .. It helped me alot.. That is what i was searching for

  • @francescperna
    @francescperna 6 лет назад

    You seriously couldn't be more clear. I love this video.

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  6 лет назад

      Thanks, Francesca. This is one of my personal favorites, too. If you like my style, please check out my channel and consider sharing and subscribing!

  • @Ben-up4lj
    @Ben-up4lj 5 лет назад

    This is a simplification which I needed a long time to understand. If you heat up the first liquid mix, it's already changing its mixture while doing that (liquid part). So you won't get a 80% purity, it has to be less. You only get almost this purity, if the second amount (the evaporated stuff) is much less then the first.

  • @CristalMediumBlue
    @CristalMediumBlue 4 года назад

    So far, the best explanation I've seen on this topic. Thank you!

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад +5

    Hi lonewolferton,
    I really appreciate this comment. Teaching is my passion and I hope it comes through in the videos. Hopefully many more will be on the way this year. Keep your chin up and remember, if there is a will, there is a way to make your college aspirations come true. Enjoy the videos!

  • @mohammedabid9414
    @mohammedabid9414 6 лет назад +1

    Thank you so much. My textbook and professor were both confusing, and you explained everything I needed to know in 10 minutes.

  • @pilot7am
    @pilot7am 11 лет назад

    what can i say, I spent 4 weeks in uni trying to understand it, a 9 min video that you made made me understand the whole concept
    thank youuuuu so muuuuuch

  • @odeforodds
    @odeforodds 9 лет назад

    It took me forever to understand the material until I saw this video!!! Thank you so much, you're the best teacher ever!! God bless you <3

  • @crazydrifter13
    @crazydrifter13 7 лет назад

    This is absolutely awesome. I understood why we use a fractionating column now. Thanks a ton.

  • @mphdee
    @mphdee 7 лет назад +7

    This just saved my lab grade coming up on Thursday!

  • @prodigy1210
    @prodigy1210 11 лет назад +4

    Amazing video! Thank you professor for your wonderful upload.

  • @lonewolferton
    @lonewolferton 11 лет назад

    I just wanted to thank you for all the videos. I cant afford college but thanks to your videos I am still able to be your student.

  • @SamDiamonte
    @SamDiamonte 5 лет назад +2

    Thank you for this video!! My prof never even brought up gas laws and trying to read the liquid-vapor condensation plot with no context was driving me crazy

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад +4

    Hi Anxious. There is no water in the jacket around the fractionating column. Reflux condensers are often re-purposed for this task, but NO WATER is used, because a temperature gradient across the column is crucial to proper function. As condensation forms in a higher (cooler) region of the column, it begins to descend and vaporizes again in a lower (hotter) region. Often, columns are packed with inert solid material to maximize surface area on which this process can take place.

    • @Phoenix_Atlas
      @Phoenix_Atlas 2 года назад

      So I can use an old condenser for this? I have one laying around.

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  2 года назад

      @@Phoenix_Atlas I see no reason why not, just as long as you keep in mind the points made above.

    • @Phoenix_Atlas
      @Phoenix_Atlas 2 года назад

      @@ChemSurvival then would just a long glass tube extending straight up work the same way since you don't pump water through the the condenser chamber?

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  2 года назад +1

      @@Phoenix_Atlas yes. In fact there are specially designed fractionating columns that do not contain the outer jacket at all. I use a Vigreux column much like this one:
      www.labdepotinc.com/p-64122-distilling-columns-vigreux?gclid=CjwKCAiAxJSPBhAoEiwAeO_fPx7gZ0oAMBNtm9ImDm9HRYYKEIKixVUg43_DKHTvHdP3PE2jSEOYJxoCR8AQAvD_BwE
      on my setup. Those columns are fine to use as well, although they cannot be re-purposed as a condenser should you find the need for one.

    • @Phoenix_Atlas
      @Phoenix_Atlas 2 года назад

      @@ChemSurvival that's awesome. All the fractioning columns I've seen are intricate glass pieces that look extremely expensive compared to just a glass tube.

  • @Sv-ry9lj
    @Sv-ry9lj 10 лет назад

    The best ever video for explaining distillation. You are awesome !
    The biggest plus is explaining with the T xy Graph and theoretical plates . This is what we expect from every professor.
    Please also include how it relates with xy graph and Mc cabe thiele method.
    Thanks once again :)

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  10 лет назад

      Thanks for the suggestions and the feedback! Much appreciated!

  • @seethas6064
    @seethas6064 7 лет назад

    Thanks a bunch, I never had this much clarity about this topic though I read it many times, excellent explanation with apt animation, feel excited

  • @jeffreywilson4719
    @jeffreywilson4719 10 лет назад +7

    thank you, I finally understand why a longer column is better!

  • @Lmfaorofl17
    @Lmfaorofl17 8 лет назад +2

    I was wondering, during the fractional distillation, was the temperature regulated and what would have been the ideal temperature? Great video, very thorough.

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад +1

    Hi Kris,
    I try to keep the videos short. Discussing packing with steel wool, glass beads or even those columns with actual physical plates would be a cool enhancement. I may yet explain this technique in a later release of the video or in a different video all together. As a side note, we have learned in our labs that even when students neglect to pack their fractionating columns, they still get better results than running stills without the column at all! Thanks for the comment.

  • @jeffmcjefferson3793
    @jeffmcjefferson3793 11 лет назад +18

    THX I learned so f****king much, you ezplain well and at the perfect speed.

  • @MrHughesNZ
    @MrHughesNZ 6 лет назад

    This is an excellent video which covers quite a tricky concept. Thank you for making this.

  • @miladsammouh4741
    @miladsammouh4741 7 лет назад

    10/10 video. Still think we shouldnt be learning this at 13years old in eighth grade, but this vid helps out a ton. thanks.

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад

    Happy to help! Be sure to check out the other videos in my DISTILLATION! playlist.

  • @ERMIE2024
    @ERMIE2024 2 года назад +1

    This was a very nice and clear presentation. Thank you very much.

  • @peehurasotra5084
    @peehurasotra5084 4 года назад

    can even tell you how much this helped! thank you💞

  • @qwerty_____146
    @qwerty_____146 4 года назад

    Thank you for your video. nice. We can distillation of Ethanol and Methanol?

  • @sniperdoug1969
    @sniperdoug1969 10 лет назад +3

    Wow you did a terrific job of describing a thump keg. This has been used by moonshiners for century's.

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  10 лет назад +7

      Thanks! I doubt most moonshiners think of themselves as organic chemists, but we have more in common than you might realize.
      Cheers!

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад +3

    HI Shane. There are clearly some simplifications in this video which are intended to make it easier to digest. I disagree with your assertion that no vaporization happens in the column. There is a temperature gradient along a fractionating column, so as condensed liquid descends the column it has an opportunity to re-vaporize, thus becoming more enriched in the more volatile component. To say that it is simply refluxing toluene and distilling benzene is also an oversimplification.

  • @doodle_kudul
    @doodle_kudul 6 лет назад

    Awesome animation.....!!! Clear as water... thanks 😀😀😀

  • @AnkitaSingh-mq5su
    @AnkitaSingh-mq5su 9 лет назад

    Thank u so much this video is really helpful.... finally I could figure out what actually is theoretical no of plates... thank u so much

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  9 лет назад

      Ankita Singh My pleasure. Glad it helped. I remember being so confused about this process as a young student many years ago. Anything I can do to help others make the connections more quickly is very rewarding to me!
      Don't forget to check out the rest of the channel! ruclips.net/user/chemsurvival

  • @prince7zn
    @prince7zn 10 лет назад

    Thanks for this, and plz answer this question, why did we say the benzene will condensed or distilled? why not toluene since it's a mixture? is it because of the boiling point was only 80 not reaching 110? thanks for any help

  • @apophenixplata9839
    @apophenixplata9839 4 года назад +1

    Your voice is very relaxing.

  • @DieselRamcharger
    @DieselRamcharger 11 лет назад

    I wish i had a teacher like this guy!

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад

      Very humbling and flattering to hear. Thanks for watching! I hope you will subscribe, browse my channel and share!

  • @sohilbhatia7237
    @sohilbhatia7237 5 лет назад

    very nice explanation. Studying for a chemistry competition...helps a lot.

  • @dreamingnights6440
    @dreamingnights6440 10 месяцев назад

    When you cool down 80% mole vapor Benzene, would it be considered 80% mole Benzene in Toluene? Then afterward, when you heat it up, does that 80% mole Benezene in Toluene turn into 97% vapor benzene?

  • @amberye8806
    @amberye8806 7 лет назад +1

    that is very nice to know. thank you for helping me to save a lot of time.

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад

    Thank you for the comment, hamood. That is why I do it! Please pass the channel on!

  • @marcielbuxa
    @marcielbuxa 11 лет назад

    I am graduated in chemical engineer, but you made it so easier, I should show my teach it.

  • @anxious08
    @anxious08 12 лет назад

    how is there vaportization and condensation occurring in the fractional still? is there a water jacket around the distillation column? is heat being added to the system from the boilup then condensation is occurring of the heavy keys that touches the sides of the fractonation column? please advise.

  • @drjake6350
    @drjake6350 3 года назад

    Very nice video!
    We do that in our laboratory but we have a problem, the condenser get hot when we run the test, so the liquid flows through the condenser, what can I do for it?

  • @shashankmore448
    @shashankmore448 7 месяцев назад

    How can we calculate the height for any 2 such products?

  • @robertostman2075
    @robertostman2075 6 лет назад +3

    after having seen a few of these sort of videos I don't see how is that there are dumping lands where toxic waste is stored... where the important utopic argument is that there is no way to separate the toxic stuff back into its primordial elements... to me, it seems like these sort of videos prove that there are some good ways to deal with all sorts of pollutants/toxins and other junk that may have been created as a by product of a process

  • @telungg
    @telungg 9 лет назад

    Thanks so much for this video! Now I understand how fractional distillation works.
    I have a question: in an azeotropic mixture, we can't separate them using this method. Is it because they have similar partial vapor pressure?

  • @mahxylim7983
    @mahxylim7983 2 года назад

    Thank you! This is super helpful!

  • @clarkewi
    @clarkewi 6 лет назад

    Disclaimer. I live in New Zealand where distilling spirits in the home is not illegal. I have a small still that thru watching your video uses the fractional distillarion mechanism you describe. The "pure" ethel alcohol fraction comes out of the angled column on the right at between 48 and 52C. I have a question:: Do I have to monitor the temperature of the solution being heated that contains both water and alcohol? Or will the alcohol fraction keep the temperature stable in the heated solution until all the alcohol fraction is boiled off?

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  6 лет назад +2

      Hi Clarkewi. Even in the best fractional still, the composition of the distillate will change through time. Generally, this change involves increasing concentrations of less volatile components (in your case, more and more water content). So the highest proof spirits (those with the lowest boiling point) should come over first. If you are monitoring the temperature in your still head (the temperature of the vapor above the boiling liquid, not the dripping liquid distillate), you can gauge when it is time to stop your still by looking for a sharp increase in the temperature. This is an indication that the ethanol is depleted from your boiling vessel and now you are just bringing over more water and diluting your distillate.
      ruclips.net/video/nFJy6F_E50o/видео.html
      This video might help you to understand better. If you can monitor the temperature of the vapor in the still-head, you want to try to stay on the lower plateau of the diagrams that I discuss in this video. A healthy still should operate in the mid 70 to 80's of degrees centigrade. Good luck on your (perfectly legal down under) project!

  • @abdullaayyash
    @abdullaayyash 3 года назад

    thanks for share this,the visualization was fantastic

  • @kvrsaragadam7716
    @kvrsaragadam7716 6 лет назад

    It's very helpful.. Nice video sir.. THANK YOU SO MUCH 🙏🙏🙏

  • @rebeccalalmuanpuii1062
    @rebeccalalmuanpuii1062 5 лет назад

    Thank you...you explain it so simple, great help

  • @vigloryhumbless8616
    @vigloryhumbless8616 3 года назад

    Very helpful illustration! Thank you so muchhh

  • @Snakes-w1c
    @Snakes-w1c 3 месяца назад

    As a kid, toluene came in an orange and white metallic tube. It was great at melting plastic, but it had an odor, or dare I say an aroma?

  • @eanfoso
    @eanfoso 7 лет назад

    How is the reflux ratio related to the reboiler? Thanks!

  • @izzygrandic
    @izzygrandic 2 года назад

    Great video! So helpful.

  • @martinusputra7479
    @martinusputra7479 6 лет назад

    What If we apply to essential oil, can i get the pure componen? What the text book can i reading to that teory?

  • @luanchagas182
    @luanchagas182 4 года назад

    Hi, which software do you use for making these videos? I loved it

  • @reemochaccino
    @reemochaccino 7 лет назад +1

    After the first distillation
    The 80% mil benzene
    This means that the total pressure is
    (0.8×1200) +(0.2×300)=1020 torr
    This means the other distillation would give me (960/1020) ×100%=94% mil benzene
    Can you please tell me how did you get 97%??
    Are my calculations wrong??

  • @aniquasitwath7635
    @aniquasitwath7635 5 лет назад

    Thank you so much ! The best explanation

  • @AbujanDisco
    @AbujanDisco 10 лет назад +1

    this is a great illustration!! good job ! but i have a question what about the natural progression of the system won't the system raise in temperature to accommodate the loss of the vapour pressure so the liquid can still boil?? and wouldn't that reduce the purity of the vapour gradually containing more of the less volatile liquid?? and how would the plot proceed in a continuous distillation ?

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  10 лет назад +2

      YES! That is exactly what will happen! You can see my explanation of it here ruclips.net/video/nFJy6F_E50o/видео.html
      We usually simplify introductory explanations of distillation by only considering the first moments of the process, when the composition of the boiling liquid has not changed appreciably. However, as time passes, it will indeed become more concentrated in the LESS volatile solvent. This results in a constantly (though not necessarily consistently) changing boiling point for the remaining un-distilled liquid. Please check out the video linked above and share with your friends/classmates/students/teachers

    • @AbujanDisco
      @AbujanDisco 10 лет назад

      ChemSurvival Thank you :)

  • @javonfair
    @javonfair 5 лет назад

    What program do you use to make these simple animations?

  • @abigailbravobenitez1226
    @abigailbravobenitez1226 4 года назад +1

    thank you so much! It help me in my virtual lab. :)

  • @pablocardella5930
    @pablocardella5930 10 лет назад

    Man, you are AWESOME!

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  10 лет назад

      Thanks! I'm glad you liked the video!

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад

    Glad it was helpful. Be sure to subscribe and check out the rest of my videos to help you get ready!

  • @Riyaz313
    @Riyaz313 5 лет назад +1

    Can i make hindi version of your video on RUclips???

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад +1

    Yes. Reflux condensers are often re-purposed as fractionating columns. When this is done, it is critical that NO water be used in the jacket as this will defeat the entire purpose of the column and amount to simply refluxing the mixture. This is a common mistake made by introductory students who don't read the procedure carefully before going into the lab!

  • @krismarcoen864
    @krismarcoen864 11 лет назад

    so what do you use for cooling?

  • @surajkumarbehera
    @surajkumarbehera 3 года назад +1

    You said that on 2nd time distillation we get 97% benzen , but my calculation show 94% . Please check If I am calculating wrong.
    Pt = 0.2 * 300 + 0.8 *1200 = 60 + 960 = 1020
    now % benzen in that vapour is = 960/1020 *100 = 94 %

  • @juroyagashi4171
    @juroyagashi4171 9 лет назад

    Wow now I understand Theoretical plates lol. Can you insulate the F. Column to improve the speed of distillation or you think the purity will suffer?

  • @akbardoosti1132
    @akbardoosti1132 4 года назад

    so powerful explanation. thanks

  • @yaduk7710
    @yaduk7710 Год назад

    This is exactly what I wanted

  • @cesarcollantescarrion2914
    @cesarcollantescarrion2914 9 лет назад

    How will the Case Of A reactive distillation ?

  • @ChemicalEngineeringGuy
    @ChemicalEngineeringGuy 6 лет назад

    Just in point! Very great videos!

  • @ChemSurvival
    @ChemSurvival  11 лет назад

    How did that work out for you?

  • @mustakim2144
    @mustakim2144 3 года назад

    Great explanation. Thank you!

  • @mrstratau6513
    @mrstratau6513 3 года назад

    Excellent clear explanation.

  • @pokemonjynx1019
    @pokemonjynx1019 Год назад

    but how far apart should each plate be from each other? we'd have infinite amount of plates if each plate is next to each other

  • @df4250
    @df4250 4 года назад

    Brilliant explanation! It's a pity it took me so long to find this. One question though (if you're still around :) ) - With two miscible liquids with significant boiling point differences (as per benzene/toluene), Is there any advantage in warming the fractionating column to the boiling temperature of the benzene (the lower of the two boiling points) to minimise condensation of the benzene in the column and perhaps give it more "encouragement" to reach the top of the column?

    • @firebubble5911
      @firebubble5911 2 года назад +1

      I have the same question but I think if u had a warmer column the faster it would go but it would be less pure because there would be less reflux of the toluene

  • @휩휩
    @휩휩 2 года назад

    This is sooooo helpful!

  • @osalthuduwage3337
    @osalthuduwage3337 6 лет назад

    This is really excellent.

  • @NavdeepSingh-lw4xw
    @NavdeepSingh-lw4xw 7 лет назад

    great video 👌👌 some high class stuff 👍

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  7 лет назад

      Thanks! Be sure to like, share and subscribe to help me get the word out about my videos!
      All the best,
      Prof. D

  • @MrJohndolson
    @MrJohndolson 8 лет назад

    Awesome video, very helpful.

  • @kakasandro9896
    @kakasandro9896 10 лет назад

    are we heating this mixture at 80 C as u said toluene is low volatile that's due to temp? (toluene has 110 C bp) and how do we set the temp for a unknown sample mixture

    • @mikehikes710
      @mikehikes710 9 лет назад

      u dont kno its unknown u gotta use scientifical analysis

  • @harpindersingh8972
    @harpindersingh8972 9 лет назад

    finally understood what the liquid vapour diagram means. :D thank you so much! :)

  • @alouimed6603
    @alouimed6603 9 лет назад

    I am very thinkful you are doing a great job

  • @philanintuli817
    @philanintuli817 7 лет назад +1

    This is the best video I've watched that discusses distillation. Quick question: what software did you use for the animations?

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  7 лет назад +1

      Hi Cebo. Thanks for the praise. To accomplish most of my videos I use a combination of several programs, including PowerPoint, Sony Movie Studio, Adobe Illustrator, SnagIt and CambridgeSoft's ChemDraw and Chem3D. The main engine for combining all the objects and animations I create is PowerPoint.

    • @philanintuli817
      @philanintuli817 7 лет назад

      I've just downloaded those softwares...how much do you charge for tutoring sessions?...*fingers crossed*...lol!

  • @Cosmuex
    @Cosmuex 4 года назад

    I wish I could give my tuition money to youtubers. Thank you so much

    • @ChemSurvival
      @ChemSurvival  4 года назад

      I'd love to take your money XD .... but I'll settle for you subscribing and passing the channel along! Thanks for watching! :-)

  • @speadskater
    @speadskater 8 лет назад

    So, there's a calculus here that's not mentioned. Your lower mixture won't stay at 50% very long, meaning you'll need a longer and longer column to maintain ~100% as your mixture boils down, correct?

    • @PANDORASBOXRELEASE
      @PANDORASBOXRELEASE 8 лет назад

      based off data i got in my own lab from this, our sample got more pure the longer the experiment ran. we took samples at different points in time and our last samples were the most pure.

  • @kgupta101098
    @kgupta101098 10 лет назад

    It was a big help...Thnx fr the video.....!!!

  • @priscillal.2409
    @priscillal.2409 9 лет назад

    Very good video! Thank you!

  • @danielsandorkovacs3562
    @danielsandorkovacs3562 9 лет назад +2

    Thank you for the video!

  • @bijeshsbva
    @bijeshsbva 7 лет назад

    how to check the license of this video

  • @vydera2
    @vydera2 7 лет назад

    Great video, thank you very much!

  • @benblack742
    @benblack742 5 лет назад

    This is some good stuff thanks bro

  • @mkamareddine
    @mkamareddine 10 лет назад

    Thanks a bunch. A big big bunch!

  • @kaisokaptain
    @kaisokaptain 9 лет назад

    Finally understand. Thanks so much.