I am glad that you have made the decision to continue the so very valuable work of science populism in the tradition of Sagan, Bronowsky and others. Those who have acquired great insights about behavior carry great responsibility to get the word out. Please keep it up
I should have studied biology. The way you explain things makes me really curious about everything of human life. No, at the age of 58 I can’t wait to dive deeper into science. I am really grateful for your work!
It's never too late to learn. Prof. Sapolsky has a whole series of lectures about human behavioural biology on Stanford's RUclips channel: ruclips.net/p/PL848F2368C90DDC3D That's how I was introduced to him, and I don't think you need a deep understanding of biology to learn from the lectures. Obviously it helps, but he makes information very digestible.
Geez! Every time I listen to you, you get me thinking about something I've never thought about before! This video is amazing by covering so many different things, yet they are quite closely related. Enjoyed this greatly!
If you’re really into that stuff, his lectures on molecular genetics on the Stanford RUclips channel is just fascinating. The whole Human Behavioral Biology course is great, but that topic is among my favorites. It fleshes out a few things he discusses here, like DNA.
Intergenerational trauma is a subject I was just thinking of submitting a question on, so thank you. As the high stress hormone son of a high stress hormone mother, the prenatal exposure mechanism that I’ve heard Sapolsky describe previously explained a lot to me, and I’ve been interested in more detail on the mechanisms. And I also learned, a couple years ago, certain circumstances surrounding my maternal great grandmother coming to this country around the turn of the last century, which offer a possible starting point. I will mention, with regard to impaired parenting: a mouse study I read talked about this, and they described it in terms of “increased latency of pup retrieval.” This caught my eye, and it seems to align with the description here of reduced grooming by the mother. It’s an important distinction to me, because societally, the concept of early childhood trauma tends to focus on aggression and abuse. Certainly this occurs, but the extent to which it is often assumed can be damaging I think. As I sort through my own memories and emotional responses, I find that they don’t align well with abuse. But they do align well with the possibility that my mother suffered from postpartum depression. I don’t think my mother produced oxytocin readily, and neither do I (though it may be vasopressin in my case?). Possibly related to a switch that was permanently turned off for us?
I love this man. Not only are his explanations clear and entertaining, they are delivered with an economy of words by a generous "soul". The work he and others have done in this field provides insights into human behavior that may save us collectively from disaster.
Epigenetic mechanisms. E.g environmental effect. Ex. Methylation prior or shortly after birth. Impacts future health and mental health. Thank you for explaining the epigenetic concept.
A study done a few decades ago showed that the daughters of women who survived the famine in the bigger cities in the west of The Netherlands during the last winter of WW2 had a much larger chance of becoming overweight than control groups. This is due to a gene that codes for storing fat during lean periods is switched on. The problem is, of course, that by the time these famine survivors had their daughters the increasing wealth and abundance of food made this gene redundant, so their daughters struggled with their weight.
I grew up with cats, lots of them, and litters of kittens. As an adult, I love to skydive, ride motorcycles, scuba with sharks, and these things almost never make me afraid. I'm sure there is an association there.
The whole Toxo spiel had me involuntarily turning up my nose; gross. How could anybody hearing this ever believe there is a 'Creator'? Thank you for all your efforts in educating us plebs. You are one of the world's Masters.
“In a world of stressful lack of control, an amazing source of control we all have is the ability to make the world a better place, one act at a time.” Robert M. Sapolsky
Back to basics never cease to deliver. A giraffe that sees opportunities in taller trees is likely to prefer taller partners. Epigenetic is really cool, but the effect size of a leaf at population level, especially in comparison with genetics
Hi Dr. Sapolsky, really fascinating topics! I'd like to hear more about trauma inheritance, I have a theory that war related trauma that is inherited to the next generation may be connected to ADHD. Both of my grandfathers were in different wars at different times and different ages, one as a child and the other as a soldier. Could I have some of those genes that make me so alert, anxious and constantly picturing the worst case scenario? I find it difficult to relax after something gets triggered in me or I don't feel safe for whatever reason, I am averse to images of violence, I don't watch horror or action movies. I have not experienced living in war in my lifetime but it's as if my brain lived in war mode sometimes (to a much lesser extent). If you could share any recent research on this connection, I'd like to learn about it! Thanks for everything you share with us, I love your channel.
@@infiniteworfare5089 that's one variant of the phrase yes, not the only one though. So take your prescriptivist idea of language somewhere else, thanks.
Saw 'parasites' and was super hopeful we might cover 'these parasites had it coming' and Robert's thoughts about the whole Brian Thompson situation. Do we have any idea what happens when society starts adding some symmetry to inter-class violence?
me and robert sapolsky agree on alot of things. i'd like to figure out why suffering exists though or hear robert sapolsky's opinions. im guessing its due to lack of proper utilization of energy.
@@Zuumville i do believe suffering was a method used by organisms to keep them away from other organisms. for exmaple, bee stings would give you signals (make you suffer) to stay away from their honey.
I'm Tina, from upstate, South Carolina. Huge fan of Prof. Salposky, anything he says, I take to heart as true. I want to hear everything he has to say about anything. Interesting! Genes getting cut on and off! My question is: is there something that happens within each of us in that we can know when a gene gets cut on or off perhaps in our behavior or thoughts? Also when a gene gets cut on (or off) does that mean another gene identical to it gets cut off (or on)? Because we get 2 of every gene, one from mother, one from father, one is cut on all the time while the other is cut off, right? It's never that they're both cut on or both cut off?
I know a cat lady who is a risk taker...And then there is the raccoon roundworm. After learning about that one,I refused the rabies shot when volonteering in wildlife rehab and just worked with birds and rodents. Anyway,most people don't know about this parasite but it's quite disturbing. I also read somewhere chickens of different colors choose chickens the same color they are. Could you explore this?
How does inherited trauma present? Would you have to get some kind of testing done to know if you suffer from inherited trauma? So interesting edit: nevermind lol
I believe that the stress on slaves in the US produced cortisol on a daily basis, which altered or turned off genes that affect cognition, which can then be passed down to children. These altered genes can make children more prone to stress and have diminished cognitive ability. I believe this is why many children in certain abused ethnic groups have difficulty keeping up, even on into adulthood.
It's good work to rehabilitate Lamarck. His language may have been poor, but to refute generational evolution is insane, how is there supposed to be long term change if there is no mechanism for generational change? Of course this speech and the whole conversation is working back towards evolution happening all the time, because if it isn't happening all the time it isn't real. I believe the blanket refutation of Lamarck to show that the majority neurotype is not built to grok evolution, and that they think of it as simply a mechanism for some creation event in the past.
Species syncretism seems to correlate to cultural syncretism which may not be exploitation but scaffolding as developed societies have attached development and so universities through extraction from the periphery of pre modern cultures. This might then develop into a post modernism where machine intelligence scaffolds human biological systems to go galactic.
Would be interesting to see how theists explain the perfidies of such parasites in view of an all-loving God. Creationists must hold that the jewel wasps in question (and necessarily their victimized cockroach hosts) came into being in and around the Garden of Eden on the fifth and/or sixth day (respectively the flying and creeping). Of course, somewhat later, Noah had to find room for them too.
Thanks for that observation. I’m going to have to remember to bring up the insect world, among others, if I find myself in an argument with a biblical literalist in the future. Considering the life cycles of many insect species, getting them on the ark must have been a challenge.
@jimwilliams3816 Perhaps you will find this good-humored excerpt from the writings (the lectures, in this case) of Robert G. Ingersoll (America‘s nineteenth-century „Great Agnostic“) entertaining : And He picked out a fellow by the name of Noah, that had been a bachelor for five hundred years. If I had to drown anybody, I would have drowned him. I believe that Noah had then been married something like one hundred years. God told him to build a boat, and he built one five hundred feet long, eighty or ninety feet broad and fifty-five feet high, with one door shutting on the outside, and one window twenty-two inches square. If Noah had any hobby in the world it was ventilation. Then into this ark he put a certain number of all the animals in the world. Naturalists have ascertained that at that time there were at least eleven hundred thousand insects necessary to go into the ark, about forty thousand mammalia, sixteen hundred reptiles, to say nothing of the mastodon, the elephant and the animalcule, of which thousands live upon a single leaf and which cannot be seen by the naked eye. Noah had no microscope, and yet he had to pick them out by pairs. You have no idea the trouble that man had. Some say that the flood was not universal, that it was partial. Why then did God say "I will destroy every living thing beneath the heavens." If it was partial why did Noah save the birds? An ordinary bird, tending strictly to business, can beat a partial flood. Why did he put the birds in there-the eagles, the vultures, the condors-if it was only a partial flood? And how did he get them in there? Were they inspired to go there, or did he drive them up? Did the polar bear leave his home of ice and start for the tropic inquiring for Noah; or could the kangaroo come from Australia unless he was inspired, or somebody was behind him? Then there are animals on this hemisphere not on that. How did he get them across? And there are some animals which would be very unpleasant in an ark unless the ventilation was very perfect. When he got the animals in the ark, God shut the door and Noah pulled down the window. And then it began to rain, and it kept on raining until the water went twenty nine feet over the highest mountain. Chimborazo, then as now, lifted its head above the clouds, and then as now, there sat the condor. And yet the waters rose and rose over every mountain in the world-twenty-nine feet above the highest peaks, covered with snow and ice. How deep were these waters? About five and a half miles. How long did it rain? Forty days. How much did it have to rain a day? About eight hundred feet. How is that for dampness? No wonder they said the windows of the heavens were open. If I had been there I would have said the whole side of the house was out. How long were they in this ark? A year and ten days, floating around with no rudder, no sail, nobody on the outside at all. The window was shut, and there was no door, except the one that shut on the outside. Who ran this ark-who took care of it? Finally it came down on Mount Ararat, a peak seventeen thousand feet above the level of the sea, with about three thousand feet of snow, and it stopped there simply to give the animals from the tropics a chance. Then Noah opened the window and got a breath of fresh air, and let out all the animals; and then Noah took a drink, and God made a bargain with him that He would not drown us any more, and He put a rainbow in the clouds and said: "When I see that I will recollect that I have promised not to drown you." Because if it was not for that He is apt to drown us at any moment. Now can anybody believe that that is the origin of the rainbow? Are you not all familiar with the natural causes which bring those beautiful arches before our eyes? Then the people started out again, and they were as bad as before. Here let me ask why God did not make Noah in the first place? He knew He would have to drown Adam and Eve and all his family. Then another thing, why did He want to drown the animals? What had they done? What crime had they committed? It is very hard to answer these questions-that is, for a man who has only been born once.
@@jimwilliams3816 Hope you find this excerpt from a good-humored lecture by Robert G. Ingersoll (America’s 19th-century „Great Agnostic“) entertaining : And He picked out a fellow by the name of Noah, that had been a bachelor for five hundred years. If I had to drown anybody, I would have drowned him. I believe that Noah had then been married something like one hundred years. God told him to build a boat, and he built one five hundred feet long, eighty or ninety feet broad and fifty-five feet high, with one door shutting on the outside, and one window twenty-two inches square. If Noah had any hobby in the world it was ventilation. Then into this ark he put a certain number of all the animals in the world. Naturalists have ascertained that at that time there were at least eleven hundred thousand insects necessary to go into the ark, about forty thousand mammalia, sixteen hundred reptiles, to say nothing of the mastodon, the elephant and the animalcule, of which thousands live upon a single leaf and which cannot be seen by the naked eye. Noah had no microscope, and yet he had pick them out by pairs. You have no idea the trouble that man had. Some say that the flood was not universal, that it was partial. Why then did God say "I will destroy every living thing beneath the heavens." If it was partial why did Noah save the birds? An ordinary bird, tending strictly to business, can beat a partial flood. Why did he put the birds in there-the eagles, the vultures, the condors-if it was only a partial flood? And how did he get them in there? Were they inspired to go there, or did he drive them up? Did the polar bear leave his home of ice and start for the tropic inquiring for Noah; or could the kangaroo come from Australia unless he was inspired, or somebody was behind him? Then there are animals on this hemisphere not on that. How did he get them across? And there are some animals which would be very unpleasant in an ark unless the ventilation was very perfect. When he got the animals in the ark, God shut the door and Noah pulled down the window. And then it began to rain, and it kept on raining until the water went twenty nine feet over the highest mountain. Chimborazo, then as now, lifted its head above the clouds, and then as now, there sat the condor. And yet the waters rose and rose over every mountain in the world-twenty-nine feet above the highest peaks, covered with snow and ice. How deep were these waters? About five and a half miles. How long did it rain? Forty days. How much did it have to rain a day? About eight hundred feet. How is that for dampness? No wonder they said the windows of the heavens were open. If I had been there I would have said the whole side of the house was out. How long were they in this ark? A year and ten days, floating around with no rudder, no sail, nobody on the outside at all. The window was shut, and there was no door, except the one that shut on the outside. Who ran this ark-who took care of it? Finally it came down on Mount Ararat, a peak seventeen thousand feet above the level of the sea, with about three thousand feet of snow, and it stopped there simply to give the animals from the tropics a chance. Then Noah opened the window and got a breath of fresh air, and let out all the animals; and then Noah took a drink, and God made a bargain with him that He would not drown us any more, and He put a rainbow in the clouds and said: "When I see that I will recollect that I have promised not to drown you." Because if it was not for that He is apt to drown us at any moment. Now can anybody believe that that is the origin of the rainbow? Are you not all familiar with the natural causes which bring those beautiful arches before our eyes? Then the people started out again, and they were as bad as before. Here let me ask why God did not make Noah in the first place? He knew He would have to drown Adam and Eve and all his family. Then another thing, why did He want to drown the animals? What had they done? What crime had they committed? It is very hard to answer these questions-that is, for a man who has only been born once.
Denis Noble claims that Darwin fully accepted and acknowledged Lamarck’s work and dedicated twelve pages in Origin of Species to it. But Wallace and Weisman emphatically did not.
Racism. My GSD is not a fan of greyhounds, probably because of their speed. On the other hand, pays more attention to other GSDs than other breeds of dogs. She is relaxed with French bulldogs and pugs but doesn't like some poodles. So there are some tendencies, but there is no clear-cut. For example, her best buddy is a GSD (male, surprise?), but she pushes away and dislikes another GSD (also male, but castrated; maybe there is some relation to this fact, but maybe not).
Sapolsky is confused. He does not understand the differences between racism, prejudice, and discrimination, which are three very distinct concepts which he is mistakenly using interchangeably. But the rest of the interview was interesting.
@@DustinAxelson Okay so tens of thousands of years of divergent evolution with quantifiable and observable traits doesn't constitute subspecies, specifically in humans? What's special about us, besides politics and human bias?
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
I am glad that you have made the decision to continue the so very valuable work of science populism in the tradition of Sagan, Bronowsky and others. Those who have acquired great insights about behavior carry great responsibility to get the word out. Please keep it up
Sapolsky is the Carl Sagan of Biology XD. I like to think he's a relative of Irving Finkel = Sapolsky of Mesopotamian Archaeology !
it makes a difference when the student recognised a humorous side… which quite often illustrates the learning curve…
The Connections (2021) [short documentary] 🎉❤
The best anti-dote against Brain Rot on RUclips.
Keep on keeping on!
I should have studied biology. The way you explain things makes me really curious about everything of human life. No, at the age of 58 I can’t wait to dive deeper into science. I am really grateful for your work!
I chose to study chemistry but I would be lying if I said I didn't find biology more captivating at times.
It's never too late to learn. Prof. Sapolsky has a whole series of lectures about human behavioural biology on Stanford's RUclips channel: ruclips.net/p/PL848F2368C90DDC3D
That's how I was introduced to him, and I don't think you need a deep understanding of biology to learn from the lectures. Obviously it helps, but he makes information very digestible.
I like hearing Offspring's thoughts on what's just been said, just throwing that out there
Absolutely fabulous presentation by Dr. Sapolsky, a truly great educator.
I was in a poor mood tonight, but seeing this upload has turned that around. Thanks for making and producing this podcast for us
Such a brilliant man, and able to explain things to the layperson. Thank you for your videos...and books!
This is real gold content.
Dominion (2018)
I appreciate hitting three short unrelated topics - always super interesting.
damn this episode is awesome thank you guys. I'll eventually submit a question Happy holidays everyone!
Geez! Every time I listen to you, you get me thinking about something I've never thought about before!
This video is amazing by covering so many different things, yet they are quite closely related. Enjoyed this greatly!
I was today years old when I found Robert Sapolsky has his own RUclips channel!
How have I missed this?!?
Welcome! You’re going to love it
Thank you Offspring !!!
Always a pleasure. And always enlightening... brain altering parasites. Right.... Thank you both!
“WHOA!” (say like Dr Sapolsky 😆) Another fabulously fascinating episode! Love you both! 🥳
Holiday season gift packs 🤣 for my fellow last minute shoppers out there
Love you guys! ❤
love these explanations, thank you! the gene on off switching was mind blowing ..
If you’re really into that stuff, his lectures on molecular genetics on the Stanford RUclips channel is just fascinating. The whole Human Behavioral Biology course is great, but that topic is among my favorites. It fleshes out a few things he discusses here, like DNA.
Agree, the subject made me ask a question about that. I hope it's answered in the next video.
Thank you for another wonderful educating video!
Various animal urines: "There is some company there...they have wonderful holiday gift packs" 🤣
That line was comedy gold! 😁
Thank you, seasons greetings to you and a happy & healthy new year..
Intergenerational trauma is a subject I was just thinking of submitting a question on, so thank you. As the high stress hormone son of a high stress hormone mother, the prenatal exposure mechanism that I’ve heard Sapolsky describe previously explained a lot to me, and I’ve been interested in more detail on the mechanisms. And I also learned, a couple years ago, certain circumstances surrounding my maternal great grandmother coming to this country around the turn of the last century, which offer a possible starting point.
I will mention, with regard to impaired parenting: a mouse study I read talked about this, and they described it in terms of “increased latency of pup retrieval.” This caught my eye, and it seems to align with the description here of reduced grooming by the mother. It’s an important distinction to me, because societally, the concept of early childhood trauma tends to focus on aggression and abuse. Certainly this occurs, but the extent to which it is often assumed can be damaging I think. As I sort through my own memories and emotional responses, I find that they don’t align well with abuse. But they do align well with the possibility that my mother suffered from postpartum depression. I don’t think my mother produced oxytocin readily, and neither do I (though it may be vasopressin in my case?). Possibly related to a switch that was permanently turned off for us?
me too, thnx
Thank you so much for the information.
I love this man. Not only are his explanations clear and entertaining, they are delivered with an economy of words by a generous "soul". The work he and others have done in this field provides insights into human behavior that may save us collectively from disaster.
Fantastic! Thank you!
Fabulous lecture. Thank you so much!
Epigenetic mechanisms. E.g environmental effect. Ex. Methylation prior or shortly after birth. Impacts future health and mental health. Thank you for explaining the epigenetic concept.
A study done a few decades ago showed that the daughters of women who survived the famine in the bigger cities in the west of The Netherlands during the last winter of WW2 had a much larger chance of becoming overweight than control groups. This is due to a gene that codes for storing fat during lean periods is switched on. The problem is, of course, that by the time these famine survivors had their daughters the increasing wealth and abundance of food made this gene redundant, so their daughters struggled with their weight.
Good morning sir Sapolsky
Thanks great info .
Also happy holidays📚
I grew up with cats, lots of them, and litters of kittens. As an adult, I love to skydive, ride motorcycles, scuba with sharks, and these things almost never make me afraid. I'm sure there is an association there.
There is no free will 🌻
Thank you, I learn a lot from your shows.
Thank you!
I wish the Share-Sapolsky family and the followers of this wonderful podcast a Merry Christmas! 🎄
happy holidays*
thank you.
I absolutely positively LOVE this channel!!! I love science!!! Much respect!!! 🫡 ✊
Love y’all
Offspring Share-Sapolsky is rocking that y2k style choker!
Love this stuff
This popped up in my feed right after I watched a video about mitochondria, so that’s the parasite I expected you to talk about 😂
WOOOOOO🎉🎉🎉🎉 THANKS sapolskys
The whole Toxo spiel had me involuntarily turning up my nose; gross. How could anybody hearing this ever believe there is a 'Creator'? Thank you for all your efforts in educating us plebs. You are one of the world's Masters.
“In a world of stressful lack of control, an amazing source of control we all have is the ability to make the world a better place, one act at a time.”
Robert M. Sapolsky
Good stuff, Gene! 👍
26:00 Black bears; Brown bears 🐻 ; Polar bears 🐻❄️; Pandas 🐼.
Indian elephant; African elephant; White elephant 🐘.
pleaze never stop
The streamer Destiny is a fan of yours. He should interview you
Holiday gift packs lollll
Epogentic finally explained clearly 👍
So very cool ❤
I stumbled onto the Bio150 lecture series and I'm obsessed.
I've been searching for your take on ADHD, specifically, what can I do to help myself?
Back to basics never cease to deliver.
A giraffe that sees opportunities in taller trees is likely to prefer taller partners.
Epigenetic is really cool, but the effect size of a leaf at population level, especially in comparison with genetics
I didn't know you had your own channel. Now I know, I've subscribed.
I had no choice because, as you know, free will isn't a thing ;-)
Hi Dr. Sapolsky, really fascinating topics! I'd like to hear more about trauma inheritance, I have a theory that war related trauma that is inherited to the next generation may be connected to ADHD. Both of my grandfathers were in different wars at different times and different ages, one as a child and the other as a soldier. Could I have some of those genes that make me so alert, anxious and constantly picturing the worst case scenario? I find it difficult to relax after something gets triggered in me or I don't feel safe for whatever reason, I am averse to images of violence, I don't watch horror or action movies. I have not experienced living in war in my lifetime but it's as if my brain lived in war mode sometimes (to a much lesser extent). If you could share any recent research on this connection, I'd like to learn about it! Thanks for everything you share with us, I love your channel.
Merry christmas you two and everyone else reading this :)
happy holidays*
@infiniteworfare5089 excuse you?
@@accidentalpatient4152 its happy holidays, not merry christmas.
@@infiniteworfare5089 that's one variant of the phrase yes, not the only one though. So take your prescriptivist idea of language somewhere else, thanks.
Saw 'parasites' and was super hopeful we might cover 'these parasites had it coming' and Robert's thoughts about the whole Brian Thompson situation. Do we have any idea what happens when society starts adding some symmetry to inter-class violence?
me and robert sapolsky agree on alot of things. i'd like to figure out why suffering exists though or hear robert sapolsky's opinions. im guessing its due to lack of proper utilization of energy.
Because a god loves us - apparently.
@@Zuumville i do believe suffering was a method used by organisms to keep them away from other organisms. for exmaple, bee stings would give you signals (make you suffer) to stay away from their honey.
I'm Tina, from upstate, South Carolina.
Huge fan of Prof. Salposky, anything he says, I take to heart as true. I want to hear everything he has to say about anything.
Interesting! Genes getting cut on and off!
My question is: is there something that happens within each of us in that we can know when a gene gets cut on or off perhaps in our behavior or thoughts?
Also when a gene gets cut on (or off) does that mean another gene identical to it gets cut off (or on)? Because we get 2 of every gene, one from mother, one from father, one is cut on all the time while the other is cut off, right? It's never that they're both cut on or both cut off?
the rat mother story is the bright side inverse of what I say about spanking and epigenetics, right?
Parasite Rex - by Carl Zimmer
Great Read for those with strong stomaches.
I know a cat lady who is a risk taker...And then there is the raccoon roundworm. After learning about that one,I refused the rabies shot when volonteering in wildlife rehab and just worked with birds and rodents. Anyway,most people don't know about this parasite but it's quite disturbing. I also read somewhere chickens of different colors choose chickens the same color they are. Could you explore this?
How does inherited trauma present? Would you have to get some kind of testing done to know if you suffer from inherited trauma? So interesting
edit: nevermind lol
No not nevermind. I would love to know if one can know if this portrays them.
I believe that the stress on slaves in the US produced cortisol on a daily basis, which altered or turned off genes that affect cognition, which can then be passed down to children. These altered genes can make children more prone to stress and have diminished cognitive ability. I believe this is why many children in certain abused ethnic groups have difficulty keeping up, even on into adulthood.
Thanks for another great episode! Excuse me while I search for a banana ...
It's good work to rehabilitate Lamarck. His language may have been poor, but to refute generational evolution is insane, how is there supposed to be long term change if there is no mechanism for generational change? Of course this speech and the whole conversation is working back towards evolution happening all the time, because if it isn't happening all the time it isn't real. I believe the blanket refutation of Lamarck to show that the majority neurotype is not built to grok evolution, and that they think of it as simply a mechanism for some creation event in the past.
I find it interesting to mention that the white skin trait so valued by racists is less than 10,000 years old, which means that we all came from...
Monkeys 🙉
Asians had white skin for much longer, so he is actually wrong.
@@emperorpalpatine9841 Tell that to your run-of-the-mill racist.
Species syncretism seems to correlate to cultural syncretism which may not be exploitation but scaffolding as developed societies have attached development and so universities through extraction from the periphery of pre modern cultures. This might then develop into a post modernism where machine intelligence scaffolds human biological systems to go galactic.
How do I find out if I am infected by toxo?
'exploiting the labors of the working class' with regards to crab eggs haha
@ 2:25 reminds me of a illuminating book
"Killing the Host". Hint: it's not about biology...
If humans are infected by toxo, would they be unafraid of lions and tigers?
Would be interesting to see how theists explain the perfidies of such parasites in view of an all-loving God. Creationists must hold that the jewel wasps in question (and necessarily their victimized cockroach hosts) came into being in and around the Garden of Eden on the fifth and/or sixth day (respectively the flying and creeping). Of course, somewhat later, Noah had to find room for them too.
I'm not religious at all. I don't believe there's a loving god or ever was one so I'd love to know what theists take on this issue is.
@@serengetilion Exactly my point !
Thanks for that observation. I’m going to have to remember to bring up the insect world, among others, if I find myself in an argument with a biblical literalist in the future. Considering the life cycles of many insect species, getting them on the ark must have been a challenge.
@jimwilliams3816 Perhaps you will find this good-humored excerpt from the writings (the lectures, in this case) of Robert G. Ingersoll (America‘s nineteenth-century „Great Agnostic“) entertaining :
And He picked out a fellow by the name of Noah, that had been a bachelor for five hundred years. If I had to drown anybody, I would have drowned him. I believe that Noah had then been married something like one hundred years. God told him to build a boat, and he built one five hundred feet long, eighty or ninety feet broad and fifty-five feet high, with one door shutting on the outside, and one window twenty-two inches square. If Noah had any hobby in the world it was ventilation. Then into this ark he put a certain number of all the animals in the world. Naturalists have ascertained that at that time there were at least eleven hundred thousand insects necessary to go into the ark, about forty thousand mammalia, sixteen hundred reptiles, to say nothing of the mastodon, the elephant and the animalcule, of which thousands live upon a single leaf and which cannot be seen by the naked eye. Noah had no microscope, and yet he had to pick them out by pairs. You have no idea the trouble that man had. Some say that the flood was not universal, that it was partial. Why then did God say "I will destroy every living thing beneath the heavens." If it was partial why did Noah save the birds? An ordinary bird, tending strictly to business, can beat a partial flood. Why did he put the birds in there-the eagles, the vultures, the condors-if it was only a partial flood? And how did he get them in there? Were they inspired to go there, or did he drive them up? Did the polar bear leave his home of ice and start for the tropic inquiring for Noah; or could the kangaroo come from Australia unless he was inspired, or somebody was behind him? Then there are animals on this hemisphere not on that. How did he get them across? And there are some animals which would be very unpleasant in an ark unless the ventilation was very perfect.
When he got the animals in the ark, God shut the door and Noah pulled down the window. And then it began to rain, and it kept on raining until the water went twenty nine feet over the highest mountain. Chimborazo, then as now, lifted its head above the clouds, and then as now, there sat the condor. And yet the waters rose and rose over every mountain in the world-twenty-nine feet above the highest peaks, covered with snow and ice. How deep were these waters? About five and a half miles. How long did it rain? Forty days. How much did it have to rain a day? About eight hundred feet. How is that for dampness? No wonder they said the windows of the heavens were open. If I had been there I would have said the whole side of the house was out. How long were they in this ark? A year and ten days, floating around with no rudder, no sail, nobody on the outside at all. The window was shut, and there was no door, except the one that shut on the outside. Who ran this ark-who took care of it? Finally it came down on Mount Ararat, a peak seventeen thousand feet above the level of the sea, with about three thousand feet of snow, and it stopped there simply to give the animals from the tropics a chance. Then Noah opened the window and got a breath of fresh air, and let out all the animals; and then Noah took a drink, and God made a bargain with him that He would not drown us any more, and He put a rainbow in the clouds and said: "When I see that I will recollect that I have promised not to drown you." Because if it was not for that He is apt to drown us at any moment. Now can anybody believe that that is the origin of the rainbow? Are you not all familiar with the natural causes which bring those beautiful arches before our eyes? Then the people started out again, and they were as bad as before. Here let me ask why God did not make Noah in the first place? He knew He would have to drown Adam and Eve and all his family. Then another thing, why did He want to drown the animals? What had they done? What crime had they committed? It is very hard to answer these questions-that is, for a man who has only been born once.
@@jimwilliams3816 Hope you find this excerpt from a good-humored lecture by Robert G. Ingersoll (America’s 19th-century „Great Agnostic“) entertaining :
And He picked out a fellow by the name of Noah, that had been a bachelor for five hundred years. If I had to drown anybody, I would have drowned him. I believe that Noah had then been married something like one hundred years. God told him to build a boat, and he built one five hundred feet long, eighty or ninety feet broad and fifty-five feet high, with one door shutting on the outside, and one window twenty-two inches square. If Noah had any hobby in the world it was ventilation. Then into this ark he put a certain number of all the animals in the world. Naturalists have ascertained that at that time there were at least eleven hundred thousand insects necessary to go into the ark, about forty thousand mammalia, sixteen hundred reptiles, to say nothing of the mastodon, the elephant and the animalcule, of which thousands live upon a single leaf and which cannot be seen by the naked eye. Noah had no microscope, and yet he had pick them out by pairs. You have no idea the trouble that man had. Some say that the flood was not universal, that it was partial. Why then did God say "I will destroy every living thing beneath the heavens." If it was partial why did Noah save the birds? An ordinary bird, tending strictly to business, can beat a partial flood. Why did he put the birds in there-the eagles, the vultures, the condors-if it was only a partial flood? And how did he get them in there? Were they inspired to go there, or did he drive them up? Did the polar bear leave his home of ice and start for the tropic inquiring for Noah; or could the kangaroo come from Australia unless he was inspired, or somebody was behind him? Then there are animals on this hemisphere not on that. How did he get them across? And there are some animals which would be very unpleasant in an ark unless the ventilation was very perfect.
When he got the animals in the ark, God shut the door and Noah pulled down the window. And then it began to rain, and it kept on raining until the water went twenty nine feet over the highest mountain. Chimborazo, then as now, lifted its head above the clouds, and then as now, there sat the condor. And yet the waters rose and rose over every mountain in the world-twenty-nine feet above the highest peaks, covered with snow and ice. How deep were these waters? About five and a half miles. How long did it rain? Forty days. How much did it have to rain a day? About eight hundred feet. How is that for dampness? No wonder they said the windows of the heavens were open. If I had been there I would have said the whole side of the house was out. How long were they in this ark? A year and ten days, floating around with no rudder, no sail, nobody on the outside at all. The window was shut, and there was no door, except the one that shut on the outside. Who ran this ark-who took care of it? Finally it came down on Mount Ararat, a peak seventeen thousand feet above the level of the sea, with about three thousand feet of snow, and it stopped there simply to give the animals from the tropics a chance. Then Noah opened the window and got a breath of fresh air, and let out all the animals; and then Noah took a drink, and God made a bargain with him that He would not drown us any more, and He put a rainbow in the clouds and said: "When I see that I will recollect that I have promised not to drown you." Because if it was not for that He is apt to drown us at any moment. Now can anybody believe that that is the origin of the rainbow? Are you not all familiar with the natural causes which bring those beautiful arches before our eyes? Then the people started out again, and they were as bad as before. Here let me ask why God did not make Noah in the first place? He knew He would have to drown Adam and Eve and all his family. Then another thing, why did He want to drown the animals? What had they done? What crime had they committed? It is very hard to answer these questions-that is, for a man who has only been born once.
The secret 👉 The Connections (2021) [short documentary] ❤
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Offspring is her name? That's pretty funny and endearing at the same time, not gonna lie lol
Re epigenetics. Any evidence it’s implication to neurological diseases such as ALS and Parkinson’s disease etc
Has anyone tested the children of concentration camp / gulag survivors to see if they are any different from children whose parents weren’t abused?
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Denis Noble claims that Darwin fully accepted and acknowledged Lamarck’s work and dedicated twelve pages in Origin of Species to it. But Wallace and Weisman emphatically did not.
42nd episode! Sorry I had to lol
Thanks for all the fish!
This one didn’t quite provide me with the answer to life, the universe and everything, but it offered a couple large pieces. So, appropos.
Racism. My GSD is not a fan of greyhounds, probably because of their speed. On the other hand, pays more attention to other GSDs than other breeds of dogs. She is relaxed with French bulldogs and pugs but doesn't like some poodles.
So there are some tendencies, but there is no clear-cut. For example, her best buddy is a GSD (male, surprise?), but she pushes away and dislikes another GSD (also male, but castrated; maybe there is some relation to this fact, but maybe not).
😮 the Jewel wasp is unhinged. And does anyone else suspect that Yosemite Sam is the personification of toxoplasmosis?
Повелся на [скрытую] рекламу IAT. Прошел.
That monkey study. Man.
Bo Bo is the Boss! #;^)-[-O
42
I heard that little Marx sprinkled in there
Let’s hope Jelly Bean doesn’t hook up with the pee company
thank god you can only get tapeworm from pork.
god don't deserve thanks for anything and everything
there are one of these stories for your ladybirds…
Serotonin adds new interneuronal synapse connections adding new perspectives on current experiences as well as on memories.
i guess some one has to set the standard for you can not get any dumber
2:24 Robert Sapolsky is a socialist??? 😉wink😉wink
Sapolsky is confused. He does not understand the differences between racism, prejudice, and discrimination, which are three very distinct concepts which he is mistakenly using interchangeably. But the rest of the interview was interesting.
Races are different subspecies. Yes, "racism" is seen in animals.
No they're not.
@@DustinAxelson Okay so tens of thousands of years of divergent evolution with quantifiable and observable traits doesn't constitute subspecies, specifically in humans? What's special about us, besides politics and human bias?
Can I date your daughter Dr Sapolsky
What, you just trying to get to know Prof Salposky on a personal level?