Lecture 1: Motivation, Intuition, and Examples

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  • Опубликовано: 9 фев 2025
  • MIT 18.S190 Introduction To Metric Spaces, IAP 2023
    Instructor: Paige Bright
    View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/co...
    RUclips Playlist: • MIT 18.S190 Introducti...
    Introduction to the theory of metric spaces-the tool used to generalize the theory of real analysis from the real numbers to more abstract settings. Includes many classic examples of metric spaces and key terminology.
    This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via aloud.area120.... to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
    License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
    More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
    More courses at ocw.mit.edu
    Support OCW at ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ
    We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s RUclips and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at ocw.mit.edu/co....

Комментарии • 87

  • @mitocw
    @mitocw  Год назад +19

    MIT 18.S190 Introduction To Metric Spaces, IAP 2023
    Instructor: Paige Bright
    View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s190-introduction-to-metric-spaces-january-iap-2023/
    RUclips Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLUl4u3cNGP613ULTyHAqz04niYf722x7S
    Introduction to the theory of metric spaces-the tool used to generalize the theory of real analysis from the real numbers to more abstract settings. Includes many classic examples of metric spaces and key terminology.
    This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu.
    License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
    More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
    More courses at ocw.mit.edu
    Support OCW at ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ
    We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s RUclips and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at ocw.mit.edu/comments.

    • @DLCS-2
      @DLCS-2 Год назад +1

      Hi and thank you for this course

    • @Karim-nq1be
      @Karim-nq1be Год назад

      Thank you very much for this course :-)

  • @renzogiancarloriosrugel2331
    @renzogiancarloriosrugel2331 Год назад +23

    La verdad felicitarlos por el increíble trabajo de hacer más accesible este conocimiento para los estudiantes alrededor del mundo que hablan español.

    • @larr7728
      @larr7728 10 месяцев назад +1

      Las definiciones que se dan de sucesión y de continuidad son incorrectas. Lo digo no para criticar a quien está exponiendo sino para prevenirlos a ustedes. Para aprender no hay como los libros.

  • @Funny-qn9he
    @Funny-qn9he Год назад +30

    Thank you MIT! After I finished 18.100A, I am waiting for a course that can introduce the metric space. Now I can watch this and 18.102!

    • @tejaswithme3713
      @tejaswithme3713 Год назад +1

      Whooo... Man, what are you going to do when you have completed this lectures sir? Actually I'm quite curious!

    • @rishavdhariwal4782
      @rishavdhariwal4782 6 месяцев назад

      @@tejaswithme3713 same?

  • @chrstfer2452
    @chrstfer2452 Год назад +5

    Just started but i can already tell im gonna enjoy this. Love your explanation of the def of a metric space.

  • @TheIrtiza
    @TheIrtiza Год назад +5

    a great lecture by Paige! hope you go onto accomplish great things in life !

  • @jonathanlister5644
    @jonathanlister5644 Год назад +2

    Crystal clear.

  • @fbkintanar
    @fbkintanar Год назад +4

    I'm watching this with some background in topology (via Stone spaces and logic, like Steven Vickers' Topology via Logic) but not having taken real analysis. It is interesting to see the generalization from calculus definitions on R^n to a more general setting but still not quite as general as topological spaces. It provides me a bit of the bigger picture, for when I finally dive into real analysis I will know where things are going, and how I will eventually get to where I want to go with topological spaces, locales and toposes.

  • @Aylou07
    @Aylou07 Год назад +1

    Les deseo lo mejor a las personas que estan viendo este curso!

  • @andreasradler1744
    @andreasradler1744 Год назад +2

    Very nice explanations, very nice examples. Great work, thank you, Paige 👏👏

  • @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale
    @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale 6 месяцев назад +1

    52:00 if the proof is made by contradiction, the hypothesis is I_1(f,g)=0 on [0,1] and one, by negating the thesis, supposes g different from f on [0, 1]. Since f, g are both continuous there exists a ball on which their difference cannot be zero, hence the integral on that ball contained in [0,1] is not zero and this leads to a contradiction.

  • @seanpurcell2181
    @seanpurcell2181 Год назад +3

    omg yes. so glad this came out

  • @xjuhox
    @xjuhox Год назад +6

    This kid got some serious style!

  • @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale
    @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale 6 месяцев назад

    31:05, since the functions are continuous and the set is compact, the supremum is a maximum because of Weierstrass theorem.

  • @ikechukwumichael1383
    @ikechukwumichael1383 Год назад +1

    Thank you MIT ❤

  • @TVDcRecords
    @TVDcRecords Год назад +4

    Muito obrigado, MIT. Tenho aprendido bastante com o vosso canal.

    • @GlauberSilva333
      @GlauberSilva333 Год назад

      tomei um susto com a dublagem do Google Translate hahaha mas ficou bom mesmo.

    • @larr7728
      @larr7728 10 месяцев назад +1

      Ustedes tienen cursos de más alto nivel en el impa de Brasil.

  • @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale
    @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale 6 месяцев назад

    38:00 in case the first part of definition was taken away, then we would no more have a metric, because definitness wouldn't hold anymore. We would have a semi-metric, or to be more accurate a semi-norm, since also homegeneity hods.

  • @arturo3138
    @arturo3138 Год назад +2

    Wow genial, felicitaciones.

  • @paulhowrang
    @paulhowrang 8 месяцев назад +2

    A sequence is not a "Bijection" between natural numbers and real numbers

    • @avneel
      @avneel 6 месяцев назад

      Yes. I bijection can't even exist if you ask Cantor.

  • @ishakalmausilitahir5398
    @ishakalmausilitahir5398 Год назад +12

    I like the word “y‘all“ 😂

    • @chrstfer2452
      @chrstfer2452 Год назад +1

      Me too, it's a completely valid contraction. The only reason it's frowned on is coastal elitism.

    • @spohzalhuj876
      @spohzalhuj876 Год назад

      @@chrstfer2452what

  • @mahmudurrahman1696
    @mahmudurrahman1696 Год назад +4

    Publish a course in Continuum Mechanics and differential geometry

  • @shawan7089
    @shawan7089 Год назад +1

    plz add a courses on 18.03 and number theory

  • @DurinThe_Deathless
    @DurinThe_Deathless 2 месяца назад

    FANTASTIC Penmanship.

  • @celsiustech
    @celsiustech 7 месяцев назад

    I downloaded this video. Unfortunately the video downloaded with an artificial voice in Spanish, even though I have set the audio track language to English...
    If there is a way to download the video with the original English voice, then please let me know.

    • @mitocw
      @mitocw  7 месяцев назад

      You can download videos from the course on MIT OpenCourseWare at: ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-s190-introduction-to-metric-spaces-january-iap-2023/ (there's a link under each video) and on the Internet Archive at: archive.org/details/MIT18.S190IAP23. Best wishes on your studies!

    • @celsiustech
      @celsiustech 7 месяцев назад

      @@mitocw Many thanks, for your response and proposal. I will try it.

  • @pierocahuanovera7899
    @pierocahuanovera7899 11 месяцев назад

    Deberían también subir la versión original :(

  • @tmo314
    @tmo314 Год назад +2

    Can I expect more? 😍

  • @SUMIT-sy7qs
    @SUMIT-sy7qs Год назад +2

    This teacher is great but unfortunately the camera does not show the black board correctly.because looking at the teacher instead of looking at the board1

    • @nagarajuchukkala9538
      @nagarajuchukkala9538 Год назад

      These videos are filmed by cameras with automatic motion tracking

    • @Twocrudedudes
      @Twocrudedudes Год назад

      @@nagarajuchukkala9538 whatever the case, his point stands

  • @richardyu8907
    @richardyu8907 Год назад +1

    Why is the condition that d(x,y)=0 if and only if x=y called positive definite? Is it related to any other term?

    • @tommyhopkins6431
      @tommyhopkins6431 Год назад +1

      I had a small conversation with ChatGPT about what the term "positive definite" means in this context, and more generally lol. Dunno if I would trust the responses ofc, and it sorta waffled back and forth on me a bit, but here are some interesting parts. It further broke up the 2nd point in the definition of a metric (positive definite) into both : " 1) Non-negativity: For any two points x and y in the space, the distance function should be non-negative, meaning d(x, y) ≥ 0." and "2) Identity of indiscernibles: The distance between any two distinct points should be zero if and only if the points are the same. In other words, if d(x, y) = 0, then x = y". The non-negative part is fairly obvious (positive), but I asked if the "definite" part was a reference to this identity of indiscernibles requirement, and it said "In the standard definition of a metric, the properties I mentioned earlier-non-negativity, identity of indiscernibles, symmetry, and the triangle inequality-are all part of the complete definition. When the term "positive definite" is used, it is often meant to encompass these properties collectively. If the lecture you are watching focuses specifically on the non-negativity aspect of the metric, it is possible that the phrase "positive definite" is being used in a more limited sense to emphasize only that property. However, in a broader mathematical context, "positive definite" typically refers to the entire definition of a metric, including all the necessary properties." So idk.. to me, definiteness seems to be the portion about d(x,y) = 0 iff x=y, because you want it to be definite that two things having the same quality (that of being 0 "distance" apart) is only possible if they are actually the same thing, and that if two things are the same thing they also share that quality. In other words, we want to exclude the things that defy this property and are in the same spot but different things. idk if this helps, gl!

    • @richardyu8907
      @richardyu8907 Год назад +1

      ​@@tommyhopkins6431 I like the name identity of indiscernibles. When I mentioned other terms, I was thinking if positive definiteness as you might find on Wikipedia's listing of those terms: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_definiteness is related to this property at all.
      I was also asking about it because I wasn't sure about why we wanted to include the nonnegativity of d(x,y) explicitly, since it's redundant in the sense that we are defining a metric as a function from X times X to the nonnegative reals anyways.
      It seems like ChatGPT can't decide between whether positive definite is supposed to encompass something about multiple properties or one property of the metric. For now I will just take it to mean the condition as stated: that the metric is nonnegative and that the distance between two points in the set is 0 if and only if the two points are actually the same point.

    • @eccotom1
      @eccotom1 Год назад

      d(x,y) = 0 iff x=y (reflexivity) together with the condition that d(x,y) > 0 for x =/= y is what's called positive definiteness. It just means "definitely positive".

  • @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale
    @ChrisRossaroDidatticaDigitale 6 месяцев назад

    20:00 f is continuous AT POINT x if...

  • @pwang72
    @pwang72 8 месяцев назад

    The definition of continuous function appears to me to be a uniformly one.

  • @bellinivernon
    @bellinivernon Год назад

    Que bien ... !

  • @flying-machines
    @flying-machines Год назад

    a distance between two points is the shortest i.e. min, why d(x,z) = max|x-z|? And another. The distance from the unnamed vector to the horizontal plane (the dashed line) is the shortest, i.e. min, I mean any other path is larger than the dashed line path. Where am I losing the idea that the lecturer is trying to convey? Sorry

    • @NuncNuncNuncNunc
      @NuncNuncNuncNunc Год назад

      d is any arbitrary function that satisfies the given conditions. Some examples, I think Paige uses all of these - 1) Euclidean distance, the one you know from basic geometry 2) Manhattan distance, the componentwise sum of the absolute differences, so-called because it would be the distance in blocks you would travel in a city laid out in a grid like Manhattan in NY City, to get from one intersection to another. This generalizes to n-dimensions 3) the max of any of the component distances of the Manhattan distance. See Chebyshev distance on wikipedia.
      Note that in the definition of d there is no restriction that it be a minimum.

  • @nooreamin-rn9re
    @nooreamin-rn9re Год назад

    I can't not go any competitive coding and any type contest

  • @tramasrarasoddplots
    @tramasrarasoddplots Год назад +1

    As far as I know, most freshman courses are taught by students. The faculty is too busy doing research, writing articles and doing grant work to give lectures. I wouldn't know bc I went to community College and all my lectures were given by ppl with Master's degrees.

  • @SphereofTime
    @SphereofTime 9 месяцев назад

    1:00

  • @antonellomascarello4698
    @antonellomascarello4698 Год назад

    🙏💛

  • @johnnyupan5507
    @johnnyupan5507 8 месяцев назад

    Hi, esto en q se aplica explicar x fa

  • @jeanpaulgranadosramirez4546
    @jeanpaulgranadosramirez4546 Год назад

    saludos desde colombia

  • @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835
    @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835 Год назад +1

    Why do we definine metrix from XxX -> R?
    Why R?
    Why not a totally ordered Ableian group, or a field?

  • @nooreamin-rn9re
    @nooreamin-rn9re Год назад

    How can I apply undergraduate MIT class 11 student love from Bangladesh I am a autistic boy so I what do wat to do

  • @jose4877
    @jose4877 Год назад +2

    The definition of sequence is wrong! Happens around 16:33. It doesn’t have to be a bijection! What about constant sequences?! Wow. They teach the wrong stuff at MIT.

  • @mathematicia
    @mathematicia Год назад +28

    I was expecting this course by one of mit faculty, not student

    • @sebon11
      @sebon11 Год назад +13

      I can't understand your comment

    • @facitenonvictimarum
      @facitenonvictimarum Год назад +8

      @@sebon11 Think about it, it will come to you.

    • @mikelemillion301
      @mikelemillion301 Год назад +14

      If MIT posted the lesson on their channel the student has their endorsement

    • @Wandering_Horse
      @Wandering_Horse Год назад +26

      Do you feel a 3rd year MIT student whom has taught the class for the last 2 years lacking sufficient knowledge?

    • @Jabbsy27
      @Jabbsy27 Год назад

      It says that in the title...

  • @facitenonvictimarum
    @facitenonvictimarum Год назад +5

    More chalk on the blackboard in the computer age. My Walmart App is far more sophisticated and they deliver to my front door.

    • @x0cx102
      @x0cx102 Год назад +6

      Mathematicians have always and will continue to use chalk on the blackboard. It is effective and has always been used. Get used to it.
      And while we're talking about sophistication, like you could understand a single thing from this lecture, ha!

    • @facitenonvictimarum
      @facitenonvictimarum Год назад

      @@x0cx102 Eleven years on RUclips and only 10 subscribers -- that tells me how much your opinion is worth.

    • @svetlanapodkolzina1081
      @svetlanapodkolzina1081 Год назад +6

      And what is wrong with chalk?

    • @yashpermalla3494
      @yashpermalla3494 Год назад

      @@x0cx102 chalk irritates my eczema, I'd much rather they just use whiteboards or smartboards

  • @Archbsp
    @Archbsp Год назад

    Can't u do it on a tab or sth. The work is so scattered. Ur tutoring people online not in classroom