Famous molecules in perfumery - Ambroxan

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  • Опубликовано: 25 июл 2024
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Комментарии • 140

  • @nathanielwalker5581
    @nathanielwalker5581 Год назад +28

    Most clear description I've ever heard of what ambergris actually is. Finally!

  • @BorkDoggo
    @BorkDoggo 11 месяцев назад +4

    Glad to see a fragrance channel that clearly has a strong understanding of the chemistry involved.

  • @SaulDelbaul
    @SaulDelbaul 2 месяца назад +2

    I rocking pure Ambergris macerated to perfection in jojoba oil smells like a gourmand vanilla honey and musky oceanic. No perfume blend can't beat this and it's natural that means no dizzy no headache

    • @JesusISdaonlyway
      @JesusISdaonlyway 23 дня назад +1

      This sounds amazing! Your personal blend, right?

  • @edavidmartinez
    @edavidmartinez Год назад +3

    Amazing video. As usual, very helpful and informative. Thanks for bringing a breath of fresh air with your perfumery tutorials. I am sure many of others can agree we had been seeing a lot of repetitive information regarding perfume making and the information you provide is definitely stuff I had not heard of before. Thanks!!

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Thank you, I appreciate the comment

  • @adriansumner1412
    @adriansumner1412 Год назад +10

    Ambroxan hey, yeah good stuff. I tell you what my favourite combo is, Amyris and Virginian Cedarwood what a combo that is second to none, aroma is awsome and as far as longevity goes nothing beats it. Amyris is like literally king of the fixatives, your looking at about 2000 hours of pure strength. It's like 84% sesquiterpenes it's very fatty so I generally do a 50% dilution with Triethyl Citrate works like a charm, especially in a Woody (oriental) blend.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Sounds great - I’ve never smelled Amyris unfortunately but maybe I should get some

    • @adriansumner1412
      @adriansumner1412 Год назад +4

      @@sammacer yeah for sure, it's a little unique like Balm of Gilead also known as Balsam of Poplar which teams up quite good with German Chamomile. Amyris you'd think it would be like Sandalwood but nothing like it, works in better with the Cedarwoods. As far as Ambergris goes check this out. Ambergris - Dragons Blood Resin - Teakwood - Tonka Bean - Oakmoss. Nobody uses Dragons Blood I have no idea why, if you want an incredible effect in the base of a chypre fragrance or you could even do it in a Aromatic (aquatic) merge Dragons Blood and Ambergris together then add in a bit of leathery dry wood like Teakwood since theirs a bit of Iso E Super in Teakwood. Tell you what that kicks arse. 😁😉

  • @madhulikarcchabi
    @madhulikarcchabi Год назад

    Nice videos Sam! I am following your videos since their early days and I feel they have improved a lot.A lot of necessary details for a beginner.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Thank you. I've really been putting a lot of effort into improving them, especially in the last 6 months. I'm glad it's paying off!

  • @EsoxLVCIVS6776
    @EsoxLVCIVS6776 Год назад

    This is great. Thank you so much. I used to be a chef and recently I've been enjoying fragrances and their compositions. I enjoy making my own layers and watching this will allow me to expand my ideas. Subscribed.

  • @thatgrumpyindian
    @thatgrumpyindian Месяц назад

    Instantly subscribed. This guy is incredible.

  • @setharmstrong2821
    @setharmstrong2821 5 месяцев назад

    Great insight! Thanks so much for the research and explanation.

  • @wildflowers100
    @wildflowers100 Год назад

    This is such a great video. I liked the chemistry. Thank you for sharing!

  • @ScribblebytesWorldwide
    @ScribblebytesWorldwide 11 месяцев назад

    I'm going through your back catalogue of videos and they're great. You're a boffin! If you haven't already, I'd appreciate a discussion on solvents. What are they, how many different types and what scents they add --if any -- to the perfume.

  • @atmakali9599
    @atmakali9599 Год назад +2

    Brilliant. Very informative 👍🏻

  • @860Cologne
    @860Cologne Год назад +1

    Great video! I loved getting more insight on this somewhat controversial ingredient and hearing about the different forms from different companies. I have a few questions.
    1) You mentioned that the whales vomit the ambergris. It’s my understanding that it actually comes out to the other end. I realize there are many theories about this, but to come from the intestines up through the stomach seems to be harder than just going out the back side, or, sadly, causing major problems, which eventually brings about the demise of the whale; then the ambergris floats up to the surface during decomposition.
    2) Were ambroxides made to actually mimic the smell of ambergris or the fixative properties? I know that different forms of ambergris can vary greatly in smell, but most of what I read previously has stated ambroxides don’t exactly smell like most ambergris, but are used for the similarities in performance.
    Thanks again for these great videos, and I look forward to seeing more from you!

  • @javilovic5070
    @javilovic5070 Год назад +10

    I appreciate your work, thanks Sam

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Thanks!

    • @romildacardoso9037
      @romildacardoso9037 2 месяца назад

      V​@@sammacercomo eu faço pra diluir 15 gramas de Ambroxan pura para líquidos

  • @kistebier
    @kistebier Год назад

    This was Incredible! Thank you a lot!

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Glad you liked it :)

  • @mg-tg9io
    @mg-tg9io 9 месяцев назад

    excellent video Sam! you explain it in a very clear way! Could you please tell me if there is actually a difference of nuances between ambroxan and ambrofix smell or if they just have the same aroma? it would help me a lot! thank you so much

  • @calyx93
    @calyx93 Год назад

    Great vid - exactly what I get from Ambrofix - the diffusion and projection are astounding, but can certainly be a loud foghorn at times. Careful dosing is critical. Thanks!

  • @josepmcomajoncoses5118
    @josepmcomajoncoses5118 Год назад

    Excellent video!! Super informative

  • @curlyhairdudeify
    @curlyhairdudeify 6 месяцев назад

    I love the smell of Ambroxan it makes me feel happy, and at peace.
    It is hard to describe it is "mouth watering", sweet, dry, woody.

  • @MegaStas13
    @MegaStas13 Год назад

    Sam, thank you for this videos :))

  • @kimriccelli9628
    @kimriccelli9628 Год назад

    You sir are an excellent teacher. Thank you!

  • @glamdewi3522
    @glamdewi3522 Год назад +1

    I'm not a fan of ambrox, since it overdosed in mannny blue fragrances in the market. And in my country, some local brands in Indonesia made men targeted fragrances with the ambrox vibe either as their fixative or what ever it is, it just leaving metallic and screechy cheapy aroma to my nose.
    Thank you for sharing and add reference for me to the difference between brand for ambroxide 💜

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Yep, it’s certainly overused! That’s why small amounts can be good where you don’t notice it itself.

  • @Stefiebaby11
    @Stefiebaby11 Год назад +3

    This timing is so good, I’ve been obsessed with Ambroxan lately!

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Fantastic!

    • @el-DonBrands
      @el-DonBrands Год назад +1

      Same here , I love Ambroxan

    • @boomsticken701
      @boomsticken701 Год назад

      adding hedione, Cashmeran, dihydromyrcenol, galaxolide50, then whatever u want.. i usually have great results. .but yeah, ambroxan is a super star

    • @utmost-F16
      @utmost-F16 Год назад

      Any good brand suggestions?

  • @SM-fc3mh
    @SM-fc3mh 6 месяцев назад

    Really very interesting!! Compliments!!!😀

  • @justaddlight
    @justaddlight Год назад +2

    A wonderful video Sam. Great point about the stereospecificity in the manufacturing process. The mystery of Cetalox solved! I've seen some perfumers also order large batches of the material in crystal form. Is that how all ambroxes come before they're diluted or is that a unique trademark of a patented molecule?

    • @Perfumery_by_Sabin
      @Perfumery_by_Sabin Год назад +1

      A lot of materials come in powder/Crystal form. Vanillin, indole, cetalox, tonalide. Many of my favorites actually

    • @justaddlight
      @justaddlight Год назад +1

      @@Perfumery_by_Sabin Thank you!

    • @Perfumery_by_Sabin
      @Perfumery_by_Sabin Год назад +1

      @@justaddlight you can also buy them in small batches as well. By weight. In jitter jars. Some dissolve mush faster than others though.

    • @Perfumery_by_Sabin
      @Perfumery_by_Sabin Год назад +1

      Also found crystals seem to dilute better in dpg maybe it’s just me but I notice crystallization if I use alcohol with some

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Yep, they all come as crystals as far as I know

  • @rafaelmollica6048
    @rafaelmollica6048 Год назад +2

    Dude, your content is the best about perfumery. Such a clear communication.
    Do you think is possible to create a minimal scent using maybe two EO + the ambrofix? Would you give any suggestions for a woody/airy or woody/fresh result? Thank you!

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Thank you! And yes; maybe try Cedarwood and Pine EO.

    • @rafaelmollica6048
      @rafaelmollica6048 Год назад

      @@sammacer thank you!

  • @boomsticken701
    @boomsticken701 Год назад +1

    good video, not many of us in this field.. i enjoyed watching this video about ambroxan.. validating exactly what i know of it... i love creating fragrances, so satisfying creating something, a few months ago i made a 100ml bottle formula with ambroxan 10% (used lot) with Galaxolide, used some fruit Fleuressence's, cis's, aldehydes/musks/B currant/ dash of jasmine/ oakmoss/dmyrcenol/birch/rose/bergamot/rose/patchouli/vanille/ etc.. there is more, i think you get the idea... waited 36 days, it was Great, the scent was like Creed Aventus but way more Fruity, i sprayed some on myself and went out.. people were going nuts over the smell.. they loved it ! friend asked me if i would sell him a bottle... told him i only had the 1 100ml bottle, he asked me to make him a bottle.. i go home and discovered i lost my notes(Recipe) (accidently threw it away) i tried by memory.. not the same... i bought myself a log book now..

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Damn, sucks that you lost the formula, sound great though! Hopefully you don’t loose the new log book 🙏

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Damn, sucks that you lost the formula, sound great though! Hopefully you don’t loose the new log book 🙏

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Damn, sucks that you lost the formula, sound great though! Hopefully you don’t loose the new log book 🙏

  • @gordianusthefinder9862
    @gordianusthefinder9862 Год назад

    Great video as always. I have always loved the smell of ambergris; I've got a sample of a tincture of beach-harvested ambergris around here somewhere. I was watching Nose last night and was wondering if you knew what important differences there were in the olfactory composition of the three grades of ambergris (black, grey, and white) if I wanted to play with creating my own ambergris accord?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Sadly not, I haven’t smelled real ambergris

    • @gordianusthefinder9862
      @gordianusthefinder9862 Год назад

      @@sammacer aww, but thanks for the response. Guess I'll just have to play! 😊

  • @elenadedu6773
    @elenadedu6773 6 месяцев назад +1

    Great video! How about cetalox? Is this as strong as ambrofix?

  • @atmakali9599
    @atmakali9599 Год назад

    What a lovely view you have.

  • @postman2237
    @postman2237 4 месяца назад

    Thank you ❤❤👍

  • @remaxiano
    @remaxiano 8 месяцев назад

    Hello Sam.
    First of all, I would like to say that I enjoy watching your videos.
    I'm sending this message to ask you what is the probability of me being able to find the original formula (1982) for Drakar Noir. I know it's been reformulated several times but I'm interested in the original formula. Can you help me?
    Thanks.

  • @arkanhassan6050
    @arkanhassan6050 Год назад +1

    hello do. There is a book we rely on in the work of the accordion

  • @asoghorbani2417
    @asoghorbani2417 4 месяца назад

    thanks

  • @innostately3323
    @innostately3323 Год назад +1

    Cetalox strangely has an almost similar profile perhaps softer. When I first got the two: Ambroxan 10% (by Kao) and Cetalox 10% I thought there was an error in my order.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Haha I believe that…

  • @el-DonBrands
    @el-DonBrands Год назад

    You are doing great

  • @superaak
    @superaak Год назад

    Thank you.

  • @davemathew4690
    @davemathew4690 Год назад

    What about ambroxide is it powerful or weak?

  • @romildacardoso9037
    @romildacardoso9037 2 месяца назад

    Qual é o tipo de solventes usados para diluir Ambroxan em cristais para líquidos para criar acordes pra perfume

  • @vaneh6982
    @vaneh6982 Год назад +1

    if used as layering ageng, Should you spray ambroxide molecule 02 before or after you apply your perfume?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +2

      I can’t imagine it would make too much of a difference

  • @vaneh6982
    @vaneh6982 Год назад

    Sam, did you make any ambroxan/perfumer s alchohol (molecule 2) essentially, and would you happen to sell any from your store or otherwise?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Watch my video on single molecule fragrances, I show how to make it. I don’t sell it since my brand is about my own creations and I don’t like to copy others, but countless brands do copy it online

  • @TheRockerPeople
    @TheRockerPeople Год назад

    In your experience what's the best way of dilute to 10% the Ambroxan?
    Because I've tried with DPG but was a bit instable (some cristal doesn't dissolve even after a long time)

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      I use ethanol with no problems

    • @EkoTube
      @EkoTube Год назад

      @@sammacer what % alchol ethanol ? Or do you just use the perfumers alchol

  • @midanmanag8560
    @midanmanag8560 Год назад +1

    According to goodscentcompany Cetalox is C16H28O and Ambroxude is C15H26O so Cetalox and Ambroxide are not Isomeres. Or do I get something wrong? :)

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +2

      It seems like the TGSC page for ambroxide is incorrect, strange…

  • @edavidmartinez
    @edavidmartinez Год назад +1

    when you mention the material used in traces, what does this mean? thanks

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +2

      Just an arbitrary very small amount; so smaller than what I was saying

    • @edavidmartinez
      @edavidmartinez Год назад

      @@sammacer Thank you. I have learned a lot from watching your videos. Subscribed and will continue to watch and support.

  • @juandelacruzfraganciadelac1224
    @juandelacruzfraganciadelac1224 Год назад +3

    Can you use Ambroxan and Ambergris essence in the same formula ?

    • @SeedKreations
      @SeedKreations Год назад +5

      u can. ill prefer the ambergris thought. try ambrinol - grisalva (IFF). fixateur 505. incredible stuff

    • @juandelacruzfraganciadelac1224
      @juandelacruzfraganciadelac1224 Год назад

      @@SeedKreations I will try it thank you

  • @Voidinactivity
    @Voidinactivity Год назад

    What would ambermax by givuadan be considered?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      A woody amber or super amber in my book

  • @adambarsoum6478
    @adambarsoum6478 Год назад

    Where do you buy in the US

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Perfumer’s apprentice

  • @ronit6154
    @ronit6154 Год назад +2

    Ambroxan smells totally differently to me than to most people, like a harsh chemical burning rubber smell, worse than sticking my nose directly into rubbing alcohol. I was puzzled as to why several well-loved fragrances smelled absolutely horrid to me, or why something called "Milk" would smell so acrid. It didn't click until I tried Not a Perfume, which was awful, and then the Superdose which was absolutely unbearable. I went into the Le Labo boutique and picked up Another 13, not knowing what it was, then immediately put it down and asked the rep if that was based on ambroxan. It's in so many fragrances now and totally ruins them for me unless it's in the smallest quantity. And it's everywhere so I get nauseated by someone's scent trail at least once a week. Any idea why I might perceive this molecule in this way? I tend to get the same notes others do on non-ambroxan based fragrances so I don't think there's something generally off with my sense of smell.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Very interesting! Some people have different genes where they can smell a molecule differently: some people hate the smell of coriander for example since it’s soapy to them. What you have with ambroxan must be very rare

    • @megaman2016
      @megaman2016 Год назад +1

      Same happens to me when I smell savauge

    • @LDMTX6
      @LDMTX6 10 месяцев назад +1

      I've had the same exact experience with Ambroxan. It smells like isopropyl alcohol to me and is very abrasive. I also think it smells absolutely nothing like ambergris. Sauvage and Bleu de Chanel smell horrific to me and I can't understand why they're so popular. But I also agree with you that when Ambroxan is used sparingly it can work well. I think the problem is that the stuff is just so overdosed in fragrances and often ruins what could have been something great.

  • @user-pm2ck2wb2q
    @user-pm2ck2wb2q Год назад

    Does aldehyde C-12 MSA smell like Ambroxan with soap?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      It smells like soap without the Ambroxan

  • @Ci-vaninho
    @Ci-vaninho Год назад

    Great Video. But ambroxan is not amber like right? I mean you can make an accord with labdanum and vanilla - that would be amber? 🤔 and ambroxan would be ambre? 😅

    • @allysonbriner1883
      @allysonbriner1883 Год назад +1

      Amber is a very confusing term because it's used in three different ways: 1) actual amber, which is fossilized tree resin (it exists, but is very rare in perfumery), then 2) a mixture of labdanum and vanillin, like you mentioned above, and finally 3) relating to ambergris/ambroxan, which is a completely different scent profile than #2. They are all referred to as "ambery", unfortunately.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +2

      Exactly, couldn't have put it better myself. While ambergris is unrelated to the labdanum + vanilla amber accord in perfumery, ambroxan is found in very small amounts in labdanum, so there is some crossover! So adding it doesn't make the amber accord, but rather is one route for building upon the amber accord and extending it.

  • @roid465
    @roid465 Год назад +1

    I swear Ambroxan smells exactly like Daz washing powder when neat 😂

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Haven’t smelled Daz but lol

    • @roid465
      @roid465 Год назад

      @@sammacer That is surprising, I thought Daz was an English household staple. Oh btw, do you know why cedramber (cedryl methyl ether) is often referred to as the closest smelling synthetic compound to ambergris when ambroxan is the most closely related to the real thing?

  • @atmakali9599
    @atmakali9599 Год назад +1

    What is the starting point make a molecule? It’s very mysterious.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      You start with another molecule, usually a similar one

    • @atmakali9599
      @atmakali9599 Год назад

      @@sammacer then is it possible to make a molecule of a completed perfume, or a molecule of an accord even ?

    • @dwsel
      @dwsel Год назад +1

      For Ambroxan they start from Sclareol from Clary Sage (Salvia Sclarea). You can look it up online.

  • @nickidaisydandelion4044
    @nickidaisydandelion4044 Год назад

    You have a wealth of information on perfume chemistry. Did you study chemistry in university? Are you a perfumer?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Yes I studied chemistry and taught myself perfumery

    • @nickidaisydandelion4044
      @nickidaisydandelion4044 Год назад +1

      @@sammacer That's fantastic. I never liked chemistry in school if the teachers had just made the material interesting and given us a relation between the formulations of numbers and letters towards a real life situation like scents and food and nature etc. Then I would have had an idea on how those molecules tie in with the real world. If they had given us those base molecules to work with to make a perfume I would have been so excited that I would have gone on studying chemistry as well at the university. Sorry I'm a super bubbly person.

  • @atmakali9599
    @atmakali9599 Год назад +1

    Cedramber please ?

  • @amutchall
    @amutchall Год назад

    How about super Amber's

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      They are a little different

  • @highlighter-kun
    @highlighter-kun 6 месяцев назад

    Does 0.2% ambrofix mean 0.2% of 10% ambrofix solution or raw material?

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  6 месяцев назад +1

      Usually 0.2% of the raw material

    • @highlighter-kun
      @highlighter-kun 6 месяцев назад

      @@sammacer thank you!

  • @muazzi413
    @muazzi413 Год назад

    Can I pay you for some consultation

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      Maybe, it depends what you would like consultation on. Email me at sam@lux-terra.co.uk

  • @bitcoinfightclubvegas1615
    @bitcoinfightclubvegas1615 Год назад

    👍

  • @tdog3954
    @tdog3954 11 месяцев назад

    hey sam, was wondering if your app would get android port at some point. i would like to use it but i dont generally use apple products.

  • @MadTracker
    @MadTracker 3 месяца назад

    Ambroxan is the one note I just can’t do. It’s in far too many scents, and often in large doses (headache in a bottle for me). Moreover it smells synthetic and cheap to me due to the sheer number of body sprays which employ it. It obscures the other notes in a scent.

  • @olodumareh
    @olodumareh Год назад

    Awesome! Sam: would you say this molecule goes in "Kenzo pour Homme"? I´ve been loving that perfume forever, though the new edition is not quite the same (i think some constituent was outlawed or something and they changed the original formula), but it would be helpful to know your opinion ( since i don´t have a very "sharp" nose). Also, i´ve checked out your "Aquatics" video, it´s great, but i would love if you could vlog the "Marine" theme specifically, that what smells of the Ocean. Many thanks!!

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад

      I’m not sure, I haven’t smelled it!

    • @olodumareh
      @olodumareh Год назад

      @@sammacer Thank you anyways, Sam!... I actually bought this and Cetalox, and i love both smells... Do you think there is a way to make a perfume with JUST ambroxan? Or something that smells like this molecule?

  • @waybatch1506
    @waybatch1506 9 месяцев назад

    Fantastic explanation!
    Gladly the spermwhales haven't filed a class action lawsuit, for you showing a humpback whale when talking about spermwhales patent.😂

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  9 месяцев назад +1

      Haha well the site I use for copyright free images only have so many species available

    • @waybatch1506
      @waybatch1506 9 месяцев назад

      @@sammacer Sue them!🤣 Poor spermwhale community, not being represented. What a shame.

  • @mattolivier9465
    @mattolivier9465 Год назад

    Listen son, why don't you EVER talk about WHY you and others "feel" the need to have top notes, middle notes, and base notes! Why not make a perfume with ONLY base notes? Does that scare you? Why not make a perfume with ONLY middle notes? So far I"m not impressed with you.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +4

      Listen son, not sure I LIKE the sound of your language. So far I”m not impressed with you. 😂
      But on a serious note, of course you don’t need to use all of the notes if you don’t want to, in fact, many “linear” perfumes find success with mostly base notes only. However, many successful perfumes contain a balance of all 3 notes and it’s good to learn how to compose those since skipping some notes only makes things more simple. Furthermore, using a balance of all 3 helps prevent common issue people have with performance aspects like projection.

    • @mattolivier9465
      @mattolivier9465 Год назад

      @@sammacer True that but then why do people try on colognes and perfumes at stores? The initial scent is deceptive and will NOT be an accurate indication of the scent most of the time. I say this is ridiculous! People should only buy the scent they are after. If they want multiple scents, then purchase multiple perfumes and put them all on at once. I'm sticking with my original logic that it makes MUCH more sense (scents?) to only use base notes. I'm not impressed so far.

    • @sammacer
      @sammacer  Год назад +1

      Yeah I see what you mean but it's not really recommended by any professionals to just smell it quickly at the store and then buy it (that's just pushy salespeople). The best way is to get samples and try seeing how they evolve on your skin and only buy if you're happy with the whole profile. If top notes and mid notes were disallowed, it would be impossible to get great projection or use most of the smells. You would be very limited in how the perfume smells and a lot of people want something outside of that.

    • @vanillinchillin743
      @vanillinchillin743 Год назад +3

      @@sammacer I don't think Matt makes perfume, or he would know he can make them however he wants to. If he wants all bases, absolutely can do. But if he wants something with character or fun, a mix of all tiers is justified. I also like to layer store bought and make them unique! You can have mashed potatoes by squishing white potatoes, or you can have mashed potatoes with cream, butter, salt, pepper and make them 10 times better. Personal preference. Look, I can voice my opinion without sounding like a @*#%

    • @science_bear
      @science_bear 6 месяцев назад +1

      ⁠@@sammacerI have a question on what makes a note a top, middle, or base. Is it the length of time the ingredient lasts, the concentration of it, or both? I saw a fragrance review of this oud based cologne and there was one type of oud as a base note and another type of oud as a top note and I'm a bit confused at oud being able to be both.