Why the Hardest Rocks Can Be Easy to Break
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- Опубликовано: 2 апр 2024
- So, rocks are hard. But the scale we use to rank them, the Mohs scale, is only really good at quantifying that for one kind of hardness, and topaz is a perfect stone to talk about to explain that. And you can check it out in our SciShow Rocks Box subscription!
Hosted by: Stefan Chin (he/him)
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Sources:
Mohs Hardness Scale (U.S. National Park Service).
ballarini.cive.uh.edu/wp-cont...
Topaz | Geoscience Australia
Cleavage of Minerals | Geology In
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
The Largest Faceted Gemstones in the World | Geology In
Moh's hardness scale compared to indentation hardness
www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclo...
www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM21/AM...
www.palagems.com/topaz-buying...
www.langantiques.com/universi...
www.gemsociety.org/article/to...
www.ga.gov.au/education/miner...
Image Sources:
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www.gettyimages.com/detail/ph...
opentextbc.ca/physicalgeology...
www.nature.com/articles/s4152...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/vi...
www.gettyimages.com/detail/ph...
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Hey! You’re not imagining things. We did reupload this! Thank you to all the gneiss people who pointed out something was up with the audio before.
You are so gneiss to clarify that! DFTBA!!!!
Holy schist, I did think I was imagining things.
No wonder I was experiencing deja vu
What's with the clickbait thumbnail that you can't show in schools?
Can’t take for granite that happened.
People think hard means strong. You know what's pretty hard, glass.
That makes two of us...
Yeah isn't there like four definitions now or ways to measure strength? Hardness. Toughness. How good something does under tension and then compression. Think there is an other one regarding how it keeps its shape.
Or maybe I'm just confusing the tools and their what their measurements are called.
@@dianapennepacker6854 compression?
hardly 😅
@@JMD501Yeah, sorry I meant to say compression and tension. Think there is an other one. Maybe I'm just confusing the tools.
Round of applause for the audio engineer and continued appreciation to the graphic designer in charge of thumbnails
The thumbnail was excellent!
"Oooh cleavage" lol
@@samstarlight160 the rockslide video with the thumbnail of a mountain going down a playground slide with hands up in excitement, I hope that worked earned them a hefty raise
Thought this video was going to be about Marissa Tomei
Rocks are hard and so am I
beautiful thumbnail
This 😂
Very attention grabbing.... 👀
The sapphire glass on the watch is very hard to scratch but often easily broken, so I was very curious about this topic!
I noticed the opposite of that with Gorilla Glass branded as the iPhone Ceramic Shield. My iPhone 13 Pro got a noticeable scratch on part of the screen only 2 weeks after I bought it. It’s more durable at resisting shattering, but scratches more easily. I think for a phone it’s better to resist shattering from drops, whereas a watch needs to resist scratches more from brushing against things.
Sapphire used for watch crystals isn't glass at all - it's sapphire. It's actually tougher than most glass, but it's definitely possible to shatter. It's basically scratch-proof though, unless you're constantly banging your arm into diamonds or silicon carbide.
@@fwiffoI think the lab grown, clear sapphires used for stuff like that are typically referred to as sapphire glass, even though it's not a glass.
This video rocks. I totally dig it. A real gem.
Indeed. Very illuminating. Brilliant script and nicely cut video. The colorful examples brought clarity to a tough subject. Didn't just scratch the surface, but polished away the hard inclusions till the facets became crystal clear.
You know you're going to hell for these puns, right? Still, I have to admire your stones.
I wonder how many other people left RUclips to Google the Eldorado Topaz but never returned for the rest of the video. It's really quite impressive!
Why didn't sci-show just show it?
Perhaps the images were expensive. They're a legitimate business not some random tik tok account, they can't just grab whatever music or images they want to use without paying for it.
guilty
@@mayaenglish5424Nah, there's fair use so that's not it. Even if they're not allowed to use a few images, there's plenty of publicly available pictures of the place.
@@Vyz3rFair use is a lot, lot more limited than people think, and unless they were somehow critiquing the image or parodying it, it would not actually be protected. Educating using an image does not count. And by publicly available, do you mean that, or creative commons/public domain? Since someone posting it on facebook or something doesn't mean it's free to use.
Me!!😅 I Googled it, but came back!
Toughness and hardness are very much two different things. Hardness is a resistance to penetration, toughness is a resistance to being pulled apart. Most things are either hard or tough, not both.
Indentation testing uses Rockwell scales, by the way.
I refuse to get my mind out of the gutter as it’s happiest when it’s there.
Usually, the better the cleavage, that harder things are...
😁
Some people have their minds in the gutter. Some of us have to use a periscope. 🙈
"Jesus Christ, Marie! They're Minerals!"
- Hank Schrader
the most misquoted thing in the entire series. he actually says "No, they're minerals. Jesus, Marie"
@@BanditLeader oh, I know, but like "Luke, I am your father" the meme form may differ from a verbatim quotation.
you you you you you you killed uncle hank!
Elementary, my dear Watson.
@@Les537 ;_; such a tragedy, seriously.
I luv W.W. Jr.
I never thought I'd be so captivated by rocks! Thanks for the eye-opening lesson.
As a self taught almost jeweler who works with gems on a regular basis I really enjoyed this video. Both scratch and indentation resistance are important for the work I do. So it's really fun to see a Scishow video on this topic. Plus, I've loved all things rocks since I was a little girl. Thanks Scishow! 😊
My eye only twitched a little bit each time he said "tough".
Aside from that, great video!!
I love this series. The back ground and set, the hosts; the cool rocks, the interesting info.. keep it up. 👍
The fact that we are all here watching this video, has a lot to do with the fact that rocks tend to cleave. Because flint knapping was a big factor in our ancestors surviving and spreading over the world.
It looks like you are holding a topaz specimen from topaz mountain in Utah. That's one of my favorite places to find crystals. I have buckets full of topaz from there, and I always give handfuls to people who want them. But my favorite crystals from that location are all of the red beryls that I've found. I don't give those away as readily, since they are one of the most rare gems in the world.
I'm here to listen to SciShow talk about "perfect cleavage" for six minutes.
I greatly appreciate perfect cleavage, but all I'm seeing is a video about rocks. :)
Decades ago (well before internet was a thing), I heard that while diamonds are the hardest, they are also brittle - they can shatter if dropped (?). Not sure of the validity of it, but it makes sense to me - if there is no "give", then it will fail. Hard does not equate with strong, nor vice versa.
I work with diamonds daily, using whole diamonds as a cutting tool. They can shatter if you drop them and chip just by cleaning them off with a Kleenex so that’s very true
'Tis true.
They have a grain like wood and if not right absolutely can shatter easily. I use to do appraisals for mainly diamond jewelry and had to become diamond certified. It was fascinating
Diamonds can also burn (with some effort). Sapphire is the superior gemstone.
This is why moissanite is so cool- it's harder than corundum at 9.25-9.5, but has far fewer cleavage planes and is thus far harder to shatter than even diamond.
The thumbnail is hilarious. Also Stefan has gotten really good at presenting these videos.
I'm always down for more geology SciShow content!! It's my favorite subject - would love to see even more!
Is that a vintage early 80’s faux wood Rat Shack alarm clock radio with 9v battery backup?! If so let’s stop to appreciate the real gem in the room here.. 😉
I had a friend in middle school who said she would build a deep sea submarine out of a huge diamond because it could stand up to the pressure because it was so high on the mohs scale and I always thought that wasn’t quite right but could never figure out how to explain my thinking, thanks for answering a question I’ve had about the hardness of minerals for over ten years!
SciShow's videos are always awesome, but this one just rocks. 🗿
15 seconds into the video, Stefan says _"The higher the [Mohs'] number, the _*_harder_*_ the stone. So a stone that’s an eight on the scale, like topaz, must be pretty _*_tough,_*_ right?" And I'm immediately like "Dude, _*_hardness_*_ and _*_toughness_*_ are __*_two different things!_* Did you honestly misspeak, or is this a deliberate-but amateurish-attempt to confuse your viewers?"
Sigh. Not being a native English speaker often helps me understand science and technology better than native English speakers. The latter mistakenly assume that because "hard" and "tough" mean roughly the same thing in everyday English, the same meanings should carry over to technical usage as well.
you seem genuinely insufferable
I miss Stefan being on Tangents. He is completely unhinged
Much better thanks!
I was hoping you'd mention the hardest gem to break.
Which is jade, surprisingly.
hardest? with 6.5 - 7 mohs scale?
@@fadjrinfaisal8662 Somehow you missed the entire point of the video and my comment. I said hardest to BREAK not hardest to scratch.
@@fadjrinfaisal8662 Behold, the guy who did not the watch the video.
@@napdogs mohs scale is not about scratch, is about how hard it to break. 1-3 mean is, the minerals is not hard to break. You just can break a 1 mohs scale minerals with finger not even fingernail. And hardes gem to break is a 10 mohs scale minerals for sure
@@alexandraford4739 the man in the video does not even talk abt rocks, it's minerals and more focused on topaz
Love the new sets!
Awesome! Audio is all right again 😁
It's better, but it's still clipped pretty badly. They just turned it down a little more.
Spinel is the most underrated gemstone.
Ironwood is, to the best of my knowledge, the wood with the highest Mohs rating and would be worthy of a SciShow.
My rock box subscription makes my nerdy heart so happy
My postcard arrived today (in Australia). Thanks for posting it. I agree there are many science channels. Some of them, like ScShow, are good, and some of them are not so good.
Excellent overview on rock hardness! I collect minerals for their uniqueness! Alain Faber
Pretty sure that this video will explain it much better than I can, but I'm commenting before watching to see how wrong (or right! 😅) I am
Soo... for almost a decade I worked in jewelry, where the Mohs Scale is often used. If memory serves me correctly, "Hardness" is only used when you're describing how hard it is to scratch the surface of a stone. Considering how much we all use our hands and how expensive jewelry can be, the Mohs Scale is important info to have when you've got pricey precious stones encircling your phalanges.
However, if you wanna find out how difficult it is to straight up BREAK said stone for whatever reason, then you need to look up how "Tough" the stone is (Fun fact: Opals are super easy to break. It'd be much safer having an opal used in a pendant instead of a ring.) At least, that's what I was taught. If I'm wrong, please feel free to correct me in the comments about which part I messed up.
(Bonus points awarded if you manage to do so in a nice way 😊)
Hope everyone had or is having a great day or night :)
After all so many videos people in the arts should have learn already, why science and engineering has particular words for particular qualities and discourages use of synonyms. Hard is hard, tough is tough, strong is strong - simple as that.
Context tends to help.
Well, to be honest, it's the fault of the mathematicians and scientists. For whatever reason-laziness, lack of imagination-instead of coining new words for new concepts, they just took everyday words from English-which already had certain meanings in everyday usage-and redefined them with a different meaning for use as technical terms.
This is why there's so much confusion between technical v. everyday usages of English words.
Some examples from math, where technical terms have a very different meaning from everyday English: _real, imaginary, complex, rational, irrational, transcendental, matrix, magma, group, ring, field, map, telephone number._ 🙄
Bad names in physics: _zero gravity, color charge, strong force, weak force, dark matter, dark energy, mass, matter, energy, work, power, relativity, red shift, blue shift._ Also, _sun_ ☀ and _star_ ⭐ mean the same thing? 🤔
Biologists are particularly bad. To them, cucumbers, eggplants, and okra are fruits, while apples, pears, and strawberries are not. Peanuts are not nuts. Spiders are not insects anymore-but they used to be, before biologists confused the heck out of everybody.
Law and medicine too imported lots of Latin words into their technical vocabulary. Luckily for them, Latin today is a dead language, so there's relatively less confusion between their technical words and everyday English.
@nHans
😂😅 WTF, do us a favor and just try to create new terms for the items that you mentioned, I'm not that picky, try 5 new terms from the ones that you mentioned there across all field of study and even math.
@@nHansbiologist here: you’re point still stands but all the “fruits” you listed are fruits! Strawberries are not berries though….neither are blackberries or raspberries. My favorite: not only are tomatoes biologically fruit, they are berries!! So are gourds! And cucumbers! Blueberries are one of the few properly labeled fruits. They are blue and they are berries. If you think about, other than taste, size, and color there isn’t much difference between a blueberry and a tomato. Like in terms of biological structures they are extremely similar, that’s why they’re both berries. Blackberries shares pretty much nothing in common with blueberries so they can’t be in the same category. I love playing with semantics!
I love geology! I actually learned most of this from the anime Land of the Lustrous! But it's nicely summed up here!
I can't wait until I get a box, even though I should be buying food instead... I have been trying to get one since December. I even stayed up all night long this month. To no avail, and golly was I tired - not like it was like when I stayed up all night as a kid! I REALLY hope the "notify me when available" is some kind of indicator for how many they have for sale, because this is frustration to the extreme. I am very soon going to not want a box, mainly because I feel like I am missing out on my favorites!!
I have a brilliant crimson jasper ring and as I was listening I got afraid I would scratch it easily. I looked it up on the scale and thankfully, I don't have to be too afraid of scratching it by bumping my hand into everything possible 😅
This video rocks 🤘🤘🤘
More geology videos please! we love to see representation for our underdog science.
now just need to make the next box Aventurine, would go well with Topaz
It still sounds weird but still a massive improvement
I like the new set!
I picture Hank looking at the Rock Box saying, "They're minerals"
Red rover red rover, an audio do over.
Nice
Yall knew what you were doing with that thumbnail
but the gutter is a great place to find rocks that have washed down off the mountains.... I think I will stay in the gutter thank you :D
Stefan definitely plays Honkai Star Rail.
That rocks!
Are we just ignoring that thumbnail😂
My favorite presenter
Audio correction is much appreciated!
It's April's fools
@@vzxvzvcxasd7109it's april 4th...
Credit to whoever came up with the thumbnail
I saw this video out of the corner of my eye and thought it was something else.
I'm so confused. Reupload? Perhaps corrections? 🤔
Audio fix yeah
@@nebulantbh I didn't notice a difference, but thanks for letting us know.
Would've been a head scratcher otherwise 😹
Had the same question
@@whenthingsfly4283didn't notice a difference? the original sounded like nails on a chalkboard
It's probably April fools
Rock and stone!
Yeah, yeah, rocks, cool.
What are you doing on Thechnology Connections house?
Guys, I would LOVE a longer video discussing more of the material properties of pretty rocks. Silly cleavage jokes aside, this is really fascinating!!
deja vu?
Audio redux.
yea im getting the same vibes
@@VeroTesta fixed the audio
I know i watched this yesterday lol
@@dinomaster420 thanks!
The title card said "perfect cleavage," so I immediately clicked on it...
Definitely wasn't expecting rocks... 😁😂
Rock is hard, metal is heavy \m/
This video almost became a drinking game lol
5:55 that's enough dirty jokes
What's the difference between indentation hardness and compressive stress?
"Topaz has perfect cleavage."
Plot twist: Topaz is the work-name of a certain someone Stefan met during a crazy weekend in Vegas.
Huh... Never thought I would watch a Sci-Show video about being rock hard and perfect cleavage, but here we are.
LOL
Yesterday’s upload was an April fools joke, to all who are confused.
*Juice Robinson.*
_IYKYK_ 😅
rock hard!
@@Delente. 🤘
So spicey!
Why so few reference images?
the THUMBNAIL😭😭😭
Well, the thumbnail is accurate in A way.... 🤨
Just dropping in to say you should have put a yellow demonetized logo "censoring" the rock
But I liked it anyway lol
No one:
Topaz : ( Y )
Wait, so Sapphire and Ruby were never breaking the rules. They're both Corundum....
You know what I see why they went with Garnet now.
Rocks are soft some softer than others. There are no hard rocks... Unless you are trapped in an 80's-90's themed restaurant. Metals are mostly soft because they are really just dense rocks. Now alloys that's where we start seeing some hard dense rocks.
Steven Universe fans would love this video
Is this a reupload? Did you get the strike hammer?
Cleavage? Geology? I feel a Randy Marsh Episode coming on..
I too make that face when seeing perfect clevage
It can be so hard to be the hardest rock that is really hard to break.
rockshow
The rock's cleavage in the thumbnail looks different than it does on WWE
Get the mind out of the gutter and then proceeds tosay Harder, durable, tap,touch,squeeze,etc
emerald is a type of beryl
Isn't indentation hardness generally called Brinell hardness?
Where's Professor Green with his topaz fist?
I would agree with you to get the head out of the gutter and that this being geology terms. But then ... they are a type of scientists and those are absolutely infamous for having absolutely poor poor naming habits :'D So chances are, their minds WERE in the gutter when they chose that terminology for the official way to describe this.
Holy crap the magic school bus reference!
You know you're a nerd when you knew the context and definition of cleavage in relation to minerals wayyy before you heard of the other kind 😅
"Get your mind out of the gutter" -> something few geologists do.
wow , you figured out how to sell people boxes of rocks.
is this a set or Stefan's office? lol
When I noticed the original upload got pulled, I assumed it was because of all the "hard" and "cleavage" puns. Boy, was I disappointed.
Geologist must have the best pick up lines.....
So, this has nothing to do with Cleveland? Dang.
Is this the nilered/ nileblue guy?
I'm a jeweller, I have customers all the time tell me that you can't break diamonds