2-Minute Neuroscience: Dopamine
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- Опубликовано: 15 авг 2024
- Dopamine is a monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter with many functions in the nervous system ranging from movement to lactation. In this video, I discuss dopamine synthesis, areas of the brain where dopamine neurons are concentrated, dopamine pathways, dopamine receptors, and dopamine functions.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2-minute neuroscience, where I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss dopamine.
Dopamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter, a term that refers to its chemical structure and the fact that it is derived from an amino acid. Dopamine is also a catecholamine, a term that also refers to its chemical structure and the fact that it contains a catechol nucleus. To synthesize dopamine, the amino acid tyrosine is converted to L-dopa. Then L-DOPA is decarboxylated to form dopamine.
There are several areas of the brain where dopamine neurons are concentrated. The largest are the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the midbrain. Other areas include the hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, and retina.
There are several major dopamine pathways that carry dopamine from these areas of concentration to other parts of the brain. Some of the largest are the mesostriatal or nigrostriatal pathway, which stretches from the substantia nigra to the striatum, the mesolimbic pathway, which stretches from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and other limbic structures, and the mesocortical pathway, which stretches from the ventral tegmental area throughout the cerebral cortex.
Dopamine acts at G-protein coupled receptors and there are at least 5 subtypes of the dopamine receptor. Dopamine is removed from the synaptic cleft by a transporter protein called the dopamine transporter.
Like any neurotransmitter, the functions of dopamine are complex, and can’t be fully explained with just a short summary. Dopamine is linked to movement due to disorders like Parkinson’s disease that involve dopamine deficiencies. It is also often associated with the processing of rewarding experiences. However, dopamine also plays a role in many other functions.
References:
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM 2000. Principles of Neural Science. 5th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill; 2013.
Caption author (Arabic) Shwan Hameed 
Наука
Notes from this video, in case anyone needs them:
DOPAMINE
Classified as:
Monoamine Neurotransmitter- chemical composition, derived from an amino acid.
Catecholamine Neurotransmitter- chemical composition, contains catechol nucleus.
To synthesize dopamine
Tyrosine converts to L-Dopa and is decarboxylated into Dopamine.
Dopamine rich areas of the brain include
Substantia Nigra
Ventral regimental area
(Both located in the mid brain)
Other areas include
Hypothalamus
Olfactory bulb
Retina
Some dopamine pathways, which carry concentration of dopamine to other areas of the brain, include
Nigrostriatal Pathway- stretches from the substantia nigra to the striatum
Mesolimbic Pathway- stretches from ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens, and other limbic structures
Mesocorticol Pathway- stretches from ventral tegmental area throughout the cerebral cortex
Dopamine Receptors
=G protein - coupled receptors
At least 5 subtypes of dopamine receptors
Dopamine transporter removes dopamine from synaptic cleft
Some functions of dopamine:
Movement
Reward
Memory
Lactation
Attention
Sleep regulation
Nausea
Motivation
Arousal
And many many more.
Thank you 💐
fr took notes ona RUclips video😂😂
@@brandonnn6400 yes. Learning can happen anywhere and notes help the memory.
Plz help me dopamen Neudopa using Ragullar 2012 using to2022 using to our farmola tick 15dasy you infarmashan
Wonderful! I Love it .
This video makes me feel good from some reson....
Yeah dude. It's starting to become a problem. I've been sneaking away to the bathroom during social functions to watch it. My parents are concerned.
looooool wth
That's ur reward center activated by Dopamine,,,,APG-007
Funny
Learning activates Dopamine
I express my gratitude for not only having illustrated the catecholamine on a molecular perspective, but also verbalised it’s physiological function it regulates.
The illustration for the nigrostriatial, mesolimbic, and mesocortical pathways was great and made this clear forever.
Thank you for simplifying complex concepts ! Truly grateful
Simplified!?? Ha!?.. I didn't even bother watching it after the first 5 seconds...
If someone doesn't know wat dopamine is and types in " what is dopamine "..
And gets a video explanation with the first 2 words that are more complicated than the original Word. That shows me an ignorance of someone who doesn't understand where the students at..
Eg if a child came to me and said how does the toaster work. I don't give them a lecture on atoms and molecules...
Catechlome ?.. monomine neurotransmitter. I mean wtf??. SERIOUSLY did U ACTUALLY follow that?. If so can you explain it to me?.. and if you do ALLREADY Kno wat. A catecholamine neorotransmitter is then why wouldn't U know what dopamine is?...
Sounds to me like the guys teaching algebra to a basic arithmetic Question..
...
I'm not insulting you. I'm just baffled by the teaching style of answering a question with more complicated answer than the Question was???...
.
@@Add_Account485 Karen who plays guitar in basement
@@zappasnap588 yeah that would be you. Name fitting
haha
Right now my dopamine is 80% fun and 20% learning. I want to change that 50% fun and 50% learning
Yours is perfect
Mine doesn't even learn
You should be thankful that u learn
I have 100% learn so I don't feel good when I'm not learning
But in life you can't always learn you have to work and party too :(
I feel smart just by listening to this guy
Thank you for these clear, brief, well-illustrated videos. Well done!
Fascinating and easy to understand, even for a lay person with no knowledge of Chemistry. Thank you.Faulty dopamine receptors and/or lack of iron in the brain have been linked to Restless Legs Syndrome. Tyrosine supplements are often mentioned as a possible remedy. I just have to work out how to repair myelin so the dopamine can flow freely through the pathways.
Lions mane does a great work at repairing the mylin sheath and protecting it.
benfotimine repairs mylin
Perfect video on dopamine in 2 minutes
2 min video which leads to 2 Hours of word clearing and definitions
Kind of got it. Thanks 🙏. This process was just explained in for forum in class learning vs motivation
I'm going to be honest about your videos... I really inspired from your knowledge and now I've been interested to understand more and also I like the way you put the information with the pictures to help us understand how things work i appreciate you thank you.
Can you do a video on how the brain picks up on body language from others without even knowing it? How we can know what something means that is so subtle?
We are amazing
Same @shim
Hi
Vibes.. You will need to dive into spirituality to learn more about that
It is an amazing question. However, the term "body language" is not the best to use. To answer to your idea, I would say that we do not notice all brain-works, sometime it is a too fast, but it is always our brain, our nervous system product. But the channel is not mine :)
Your videos are really priceless. Love the direct and indirect pathways of the Basal Ganglia. Thank you .
What about ADHD disorders?
God gets the glory for creating such an amazing ,complex brain and body.Thank you very much Jehovah God for sustaining me for 66 years.
I have Parkinson’s and MSA for the last 23-4 years now, the MSA is the stronger of the two. I went to the CRIS program and it helped me a lot so that I can stand straighter, am now off the “ park “ medication. With MSA I have to use a walker to hold me up as I have fallen too many times because of my lack of balance, sleep problems and a lot of sweating persists. None of my doctors bothered to check what level of Dopamine & serotonin. A RUclips video by a Dr. Janelle Sinclair clued me in these . I will see my GP on the 21st of this month so hoping for some answers.
Can i refer to dopamine incrrase suppliment to perkimsiom patient ?
How are you doing now? My husband was diagnosed less than a year ago with Parkinson’s and he hasn’t started and meds as of yet. We’re desperately trying to figure out a way to manage his symptoms without levodopa. He has weakness in his right hand along with tremors and stiffness with constant muscle aches on his right side. He’s only 52. 🙏
A good way to excite dopamine production is to be really angry or really passionate about something- healthy debates keep the brain engaged. Speaking from experience. Not fighting- debating keep challenging the brain it makes the neurons spark and and the message faster.
Talking and debate therapies for Parkinson’s …… group talking therapies to keep the brain very active ….. atleast 2 x a week….. at home keep brain active ….. movies action, music is a big one…… debates. Talks.
I REALLY do not believe dopamine functions as a reward at all. When dopamine is discussed as being for motivation, I believe it actually functions less as a carrot and more as a stick. It is released before you do something in order to increase motivation, like in how it creates the motivation to move or to keep re-dosing a drug. This mechanism is separate to pleasure which is a complex feeling related to many other neurotransmitters. I have had extensive experiece with drugs- I will tell you exactly how cocaine and amphetamines made me feel, outside of the adrenaline rush which is kind of pleasurable, I would liken the experience to feeling a real great need to accomplish something or move, but without any purpose, once the secondary effects wear off, that is all you feel, this is a very unpleasant feeling, but no matter how unpleasant, you feel compelled to keep doing it!
I believe the compounds responsible for pleasure are a cocktail, things like serotonin, endorphins, oxytocin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, GABA, etc.
Dopamine may interact with other neurotransitters to elevate mood in some circumstances, but if you think about it, it wouldn't make sense for Ritalin (similar action to cocaine) or Adderall (similar to meth) to motivate you to do anything more than seek more pleasure from the drug, it motivates you to perform mindless tasks. I hate cocaine, it does not feel good, I thought it did, but it just left me not sure what I so desperately wanted to do!
When you have sex dopamine levels are high before you even begin, it is that feeling of tension or frustrtion, this builds throughout the act, and then endorphins, serotonin and oxytocin flood the brain, that is the release that feels so good. I believe there is even research coming out that agrees with my personal analysis of what primarily dopaminergic drugs do to me. It is also backed up by the fact that low doses do not produce pleasure, they simply enable people with motivational disorders to feel motivated.
It is more like the guy holding a gun to you and telling you to drive than the paycheck you recieve for being a slave to the company.
This was my experience with Ritalin as well. It damaged my brain within days though. Can't say I ever felt motivated to do stuff. It just shut my brain off/up. There was nothing else to do, so why not do what was in front of me. When I finished that task, I felt no accomplishment. Just moved on to the next. It only took a matter of days for it to make me a zombie and after a week my dick was incapacitated but I could still reach orgasm (which hurt like hell, right around where the dopaminergic system resides). We need to get the guiljotin back and publicly behead all of psychiatry. It is horrific what they are doing. I hear methylphenidate is even worse than cocaine and that it's effects on serotonin stay for several months (read in a study on rats).
I think i will send this to my friends
Hey, would it be possible to create a video on the effects of anti psychotics on the dopamine system?
Yes please. I'm on this drug.
@@andreramada30get off it man
Where does the second OH come from on the carbon ring of the L-Dopa? (not COOH, which i expected.) thanks :}
it comes from a hyrdoxyl group substitution reaction
Forget everything you learned in school, now get to the practical. Does dopamine have anything to do with my feet feeling angst.
Two minutes = too short. And yet again, indeed:
how does men explain such complex patways in such a short time?!
Thank you, anyway! 💞
its never long enough
typical response from a woman :/
slevin parker 😂😂 Good one!
Well done 😂😂
but thanx I laughed 👌😹
@@6anon yes 😂😂😂
What does being a male have to do with anything?
Thanks for this knowledge
Very well translated. Most importantly, i could understand most of it.
Namaste Sir, if possible please analyze effect consuming of cannabis or any mood altering substance and how released Dopamine in our brain . thanks so much.
My dopamine is so complex from multiple traumatic brain injuries and being bipolar. Damn you dopamine and your powers equal to witchcraft potions.
Psych meds destroyed my dopamine
How do I distinguish if the parts of the brain that process the dopamine chemical and puts it into everyday function, or the parts of the brain that actually produce the dopamine are damaged / injured? I have symptoms such as, deteriorated skeletal / muscular structure, blurred vision, focus and attention troubles, difficulty in picking up nonverbal communication cues and body language, and also troubles with my thought processes, such as inability to create an image training structure / situation for motivational processes, and things like very suppressed images and visualization in my head compared to before my injury. My body also shakes very violently in very simple or normal situations, and also situations my brain perceives as stressful. I am taking dopamine inhibitor medication to try and help naturally recover and restructure my dopamine neurotransmission pathways and receptors, but when attempting activities involving dopamine or adrenaline, it almost feels like the parts of my brain responsible for putting them into function are damaged. Is there a way to tell the difference, like specific symptoms for each region of the brain being damaged? I am rearing to get back into my daily grind at a full functional level, and feel quite frustrated that my body and mind are still so weak to the point that it is extremely difficult for me to partake in physical exercise I was able to do everyday, but I understand that my brain has to fully recooperate and heal itself. I am not worried about my actual motivation, either. I just thought maybe understanding which exact locations of the brain I’ve received injury to would help me understand what I need to do to bring myself back to a fully functional level.
Hi Ian, this is a very diverse group of symptoms and unfortunately I don't know of an easy way to link them back to dysfunction in specific parts of the brain. The only recommendation I could give would be to discuss it further with your doctor.
Practice meditation and avoid dogs....the pineal gland produce dopamine and testosterone
Did you find anything out? I've suffered an injury from Ritalin and my head hurts/spasms whenever I try to actively think/focus/experience an emotion. I also have tingling sensations around the surface areas of my head, where I used to have none. In the beginning I couldn't feel my brain at all. It felt as if it had shrunk, still does to a certain extent. And I can't get aroused (sexually or otherwise) without "firing" so to speak. I think it's the same as with the headaches/spasms. The sensitivity has gone from 0-100 to 0-1 (if at all, meaning it's all or nothing, but mostly nothing). For the longest time I couldn't feel any emotion.
Thank you, but I would have liked more to know about Dopamine in our mood and behavior and less of its biological estructure with just 2 minutes.
ruclips.net/video/NUNorglHg1U/видео.html
..
Try that link. These people are bad teachers in this video .try the video above
@@Add_Account485 Thank you, Sam
@@alejandrochapa3072 bless you. I can't remember this . But I think I vaguely remember being frustrated with the explanation.. so put this better link up .
Glad somebody APPRICIATED it..
Good on U and thanks for the reply ..
Namasté 😜👁️
You can’t really, not with two minutes. Dopamine is one of the more complicated neurotransmitters, and not one that’s fully understood. Also the channel in general seems to focus more on biology, and that’s more on the psych side of things over neuroscience
what causes a dopamine to decrease or produce slower ?
when u choke the chicken u get mad dopamine
@@mw2withcamyay405 Dopamine deez nut~
i should not be here but i want to learn about dopamine , i mean you explained everything so good! i appreciate that
Exacty very short summaries I need before the exam. thank you very much!
so can adderol and or vyvanse for example, taken over years let's say, reduce ones ability to naturally produce dopamine... and or make it harder for one to feel "joy" over normal things in the past that gave them joy unless on a given ADHD med? I see their benefit, but it also seems that the science says adhd meds can negatively impact your system?
It only takes days for some, like me. I took Ritalin for 8 days and I'm still suffering from the injury 15 months later. It is a living hell. Can't think, feel, have sex, properly and whenever I try there's headaches and spasms in the brain. Genitals have been affected as well, shrunk and defect. Don't take adhd meds. They don't know how they work, and most importantly there's no fix for brain injury. You'll be impaired for years.
Isn't it amazing how the chemicals of the brain respond to spirit?
But how Dopamine gives us happiness ?
Why chemical/ electrical signal transformed into happiness/ information ?
And what is happiness ?
Brilliant as always
sir, can you just make some videos on Progesterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and creatine
Add some light music in the background of your vids , it'll help
thank you for sharing
Medically ,is it used to increase BP in patient with low BP?
Can you believe there is no good video explanation on all of youtube (and top medical articles are not too well-written either) about something as significant as dopamine?
It is actually neuromodulator not neurotransmitter. Hence it is more dangerous when abused.
Very helpful!!
❤ great!
Perfect❤
This video increased my dopamine 😂
I thought this would help me understand. I guess I need the layperson's version.
You need an explanation without context which isn't a proper explanation, what a pointless communt I hate you
Lennon Richardson Good comment man! 👍
#teamlennon
i said id love you to death so i must be dead were rooting for you bro #teamlennon
No. The teacher is just a smart ars DICKHEAD. Who doesn't have a clue how to teach. You don't teach algebra to someone Askin a basic mathematics Question.. and that's exactly what this guy's done.. it's very frustrating...
Who does that!?..
We're all here Wonder about dopamine and his first 5 seconds bring out words like monoamine and cateocholomine neurotransmitter.. which if we don't know what dopamine is ; why in the f. Would we know wat that is!?..
The guys Explaining it's an idiot, not us..
.
These are the types of videos I watch at 3:00am.
3 doctors considering me ect none of medicine is working for me for 2 year my depression is getting worst day by day I'm emotionally numbed I can't sleep I can't eat anything and I can't get out of the bed what can I do
You may be resistant to antidepressants just like me. Go back to the doctors and let them figure out a plan to improve your condition without the medications, which will most likely involve therapy. Then the therapist can help you to step by step introduce better habits and deconstruct bad ones, all based on your specific scenario. Have patience fellow fighter
Please hold off against ECT & heavy psych drugs for as long as possible, however you have to.
Sending good thoughts. Stay strong.
All the best. Cheers. ☕️
thankyou so much
Can I recover???
why it says dopamine come from adrenal medulla.. im confused
I have chronically low levels of the stuff and makes for problems
This is awesome! Just a quick question, how do you make these animated videos?
I draw the images myself using Sketchbook, then I create the animation using Videoscribe.
Is true that our brain releases dopamine when we pet animals??
Just curious if its true
I'm a bipolar 2 patient , without amisulpride my depression not go off, I want stop amisulpride(sexual dysfunction) and take equivalent medicine . Which drug will help. I tried aripiprazole, cariprazine but not working
Om shanti k good day please find attached the following ad listing has
Watching this after I’ve taken concerta for adhd and I’m confused on why I feel emotionally numb or dull if isnt it supposed to be helping? Doesn’t it block dopamine reuptake? Someone explain lol
I am facing the scizoeffective. How I can deal.
Did you try aripiprazole?
wow, your handwriting is so neat!
You know it wasn't handwriting right
@@gunturpasopatipamungkas2340 lol
This video is dope
Good
Man it is really hard to be addicted to Dopamine
Start paying attention to the days you feel unmotivated in the morning and start taking notice to what you did the days prior
The brain is so amazing
Waw special IST???????
beautiful videos so helpful so clear and concise
How to decrease excess dopamine?
HVA/VMA ratio is high
Make more videos!!
Hey hope you're safe! Are there foods that encourage the production of dopamine, serotonin, endorphins and/or epinephrine?
Eat beans
Yul Nikita Avocados
@@qwertyamiright574😘
Just have a regular healthy diet.
You can't produce more, but you can maintain them.
If it's "out of wack", it's more likely to be neurologic disease or mental illness.
No matter how much you eat, it will always plateau to your brain's preference.
That's where drugs come in.
@@halvmane5969 Thank you for that. 🙏🏾 I'd like to try to find a natural solution to be happier and not be dependent on medication.. So I guess I'll try the old diet and exercise route and maybe some psychedelic therapies here and there for a boost!
How is the COOH group just removed from L-dopa? Doesn't that leave an open spot in the molecular bonds?
What did you use to make this video ?
Instantly subbed after video ended
Hi
Read this, this will be really usefull to understand dopamine.
Methanfetamine effect dopamine in the way of making effort feel better. Also it effect adrenalin and allitle bit other stimulating hormones.
The effects of meth is feeling good untill the peak of the high and the opposite depending on the curve.
When you are high on meth you want to do stuff, common things you want to do is picking apart electronics, either talk about a interesting topic manicly or not talk at all, consume more drugs, manicaly research specific things, watch horrific porn for hours.
When you are high on meth you also become more apathetic. You get more easaly angry. Your ego gets bigger. Your appetite get suppressed. You cant stopp doing stuff. You forget about drinking water sleeping and brushing teeth while doing ither stuff.
So if i take tyrosine increase dopamine
There is evidence to suggest that tyrosine supplementation does increase dopamine levels. It has been explored as a treatment for disorders like ADHD and Parkinson's disease, but as far as I know the clinical effects are not very substantial.
@@neurochallenged 4
Day 94 of nofap made me curious about what happens to my mind. I don't know Science but this is clear
Honestly this seems too overwhelming to anyone who's not either currently getting a degree and is highly educated on all of these concepts like the areas of the brain or the chemical structure of neurotransmitters, that it's so convoluted with unnecessary information for the layman. If you're doing this to appeal to students of neuroscience then it's effective, but for the average viewer, there is way too much information with scientific jargon to understand this clearly.
Addition of subscribers in my channel spikes my dopamine these days❤.
So this is the science behind mega-corporations
Ah I very much understand what you're saying right now
Brahmi booti main dopamine hota hai kya???
dude you are amazing
Easily understandable videos👌....but...can we get the written pattern on video....whatever you speak....
Good very good
I used psychological pills for 6 days and I cut them and caused me psychological problems, including lack of sleep at night and no rest during the day. Feeling of distress, what is the treatment, please help
abdu llah what medications were you taking ? You should talk to your primary health care provider about it.
why dont they make simple names for these parts....
I do know why but I get my dopamine throughly listen to music like Doom eternal OST and Doom 2016 OST and cyberpunk OST
👍🏼
nice
Oh No I HOPE I DONT FALL
Resume: dopamine is the hormone of happiness.
No wonder my brain feels warm when falling in love
Here comes the dopamine
You pointed arrows at parts of the brain, then said I’m not going to tell you what dopamine does because there’s too many of them.
2 min vid
yawning🥱 only 24 seconds in, already feeling like it's 5 minute's 😁jk
visual learning is nuch better
I'm confused about dopamine, endorphins, serotonin..
What particularly confuses you about them?
Thy are the main 3 reward systems of the body what's so confusing about that?lol